המחברים מבקשים להודות ד&quot;ר דוד Tirrell (קלטק) למתנה מסוגו של פלסמיד pQE9 AC 10 12 Atrp, ד&quot;ר טום מויר (אוניברסיטת פרינסטון) למתנה מסוגו של פלסמיד 11 KanR-IntRBS-NpuNC-CFN, ד&quot;ר Takehisa מאטסודה (קאנאזאווה מכון טכנולוגי, האקאסאן, אישיקאווה, יפן) למתנה מסוגו של פלסמיד pET30-CutA-Tip1 10, וד&quot;ר ג&#39;יי ד Keasling (UC ברקלי) למתנה מסוגו של פלסמיד 13 pJD757 . עבודה זו נתמכה בחלקו על ידי הקרן הלאומית למדע הקריירה, חיל האוויר האמריקאי ייפ ונורמן הקמן מתקדם תכנית המחקר.

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אין אינטרסים כלכליים מתחרים קיימים.

בעבודה זו, שהדגמנו את הסינתזה של חלבון הידרוג&#39;ל intein תיווך מאוד יציב. השימוש בפיצול intein מאפשר הידרוג&#39;ל להיווצר בתנאים בתגובה לערבוב של שני מרכיבי נוזל שלב. באופן ספציפי, פיצול intein קוולנטית מחבר בין שני אבני בניין נוזל שלב באמצעות תגובת טרנס שחבור, מניב יחידת פ?...

הידרוג עשוי כולו מחלבונים לשאת הפוטנציאל לקדם באופן משמעותי תחומים מגוונים כמו הנדסת רקמות, אספקת הסמים וbiofabrication 1. הם מציעים יתרונות על פני הידרוג פולימר סינטטי מסורתי כולל התאמה ביולוגית ואת הפוטנציאל לתמוך שילוב של חלבונים כדוריים ביו noninvasively. בעבודה זו, אנו מתארים את הפיתוח של הידרוג&#39;ל חלבון חדש שנוצר באמצעות תגובה-תיווך intein פיצול חלבון טרנס שחבור ויישומה כפיגום קיבוע חלבון (איור 1). אבני הבניין להידרוג&#39;ל זה שני בלוק קופולימרים חלבון בכל המרכיבים את שבר N-או C-המסוף של פיצול intein (IN וIC) ומקטע של חלבון crosslinker Multimeric. DnaE intein מpunctiforme Nostoc (NPU) שימש כפיצול intein 2,3 וחלבון קטן trimeric (12 KDA) CutA מPyrococcus horikoshii &lt;/ Em&gt; שימש כ4,5 חלבון crosslinker. הם הצטרפו crosslinkers שונה באמצעות תגובת טרנס שחבור זרז intein, מה שמוביל להיווצרות של רשת crosslinked מאוד חלבון (הידרוג&#39;ל). intein NPU נבחרה בגלל קינטיקה שלה תגובה מהירה (t 1/2 = 63 שניות) ותשואה גבוהה טרנס שחבור (קרוב ל80%) 2,3. חלבון CutA נבחר כcrosslinker בשל היציבות הגבוהה שלה. יש לי trimers CutA טמפרטורת denaturation של ליד 150 ° C ולשמור על מבנה של הרביעון trimeric בפתרונות המכילים ככל 5 M hydrochloride guanidine 4,6. מאז החלפת מקטע בין crosslinkers השונים היא תורם עיקרי לשחיקת משטח הידרוג&#39;ל הפיזי 7, האינטראקציה מקטע היתר חזקה מאוד בCutA צריכה להרתיע חילופי מקטע כזה, מה שמוביל להידרוג&#39;ל יציב יותר. אחת מאבני הבניין הללו מכיל גם פפטיד S-בר הידרופילי מאוד כפי שאמצע הבלוק כדי להקל על מיםשמירה 8. ערבוב של שני אבני בניין הידרוג&#39;ל יוזם תגובת טרנס שחבור בין IN וIC intein ברים, יצירת שרשרת פוליפפטיד כבר עם crosslinkers בשני המסופים. Crosslinkers מיחידות מולקולריות כגון מרובות לתקשר אחד עם השני, ויוצר רשת crosslinked מאוד הידרוג&#39;ל (איור 1 א). &quot;פפטיד עגינה תחנה&quot; ספציפי (DSP) הוא שולב אחד מאבני בניין הידרוג&#39;ל כדי להקל על קיבוע יציב של &quot;חלבון עגינה&quot; (DP), מתויג חלבון המטרה להידרוג&#39;ל. השימוש בפיצול intein לתווך ההרכבה הידרוג&#39;ל לא רק מספק גמישות נוספת לסינתזת הידרוג&#39;ל החלבון, אלא גם מאפשר צפיפות גבוהה, טעינה אחידה של חלבון המטרה לאורך כל הידרוג&#39;ל, כמו חלבוני היעד נטענים לפני היווצרות הידרוג&#39;ל. הידרוג&#39;ל החלבון בתיווך intein הוא STA מאודble בתמיסה מימית עם מעט לשחיקה לא לגילוי לאחר 3 חודשים בטמפרטורת חדר. יציבות נשמרת במגוון רחב של PHS (6-10) וטמפרטורות (4-50 מעלות צלזיוס), והידרוג&#39;ל הוא גם תואם עם ממסים אורגניים. הידרוג&#39;ל זה משמש לקיבוע של שני חלבונים כדוריים: החלבון פלואורסצנטי הירוק (GFP) והחזרה peroxidase (HRP). הידרוג&#39;ל הכולא החלבון האחרון משמש לבצע biocatalysis בממס אורגני.

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			Name 
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			Company
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			Catalog Number
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			Comments
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:23px;">
			Phusion High Fidelity DNA polymerase
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:23px;">
			New England BioLabs
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:23px;">
			M0530S
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:23px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Competent Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			New England BioLabs
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			C2527I
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Luria Bertani
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			90003-350
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Bacto Agar Media
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			<a href="https://us.vwr.com/store/catalog/product.jsp?catalog_number=90000-760">90000-760</a>
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			kanamycin sulfate
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			<a href="https://www.vwrsp.com/catalog/product/index.cgi?catalog_number=97061-602">97061-602</a>
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			IPTG
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			EM-5820
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Imidazole
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			EM-5720
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Urea
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			EM-9510
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Dithiothreitol (DTT)
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Fisher
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			BP172-5
			</td>
			<td style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Protease Inhibitor cocktail
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Roche Applied Science
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			11836153001
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			DPBS
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			VWR
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			82020-066
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Brilliant Blue R
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Acros Organics
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			A0297990
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Sodium Azide
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Fisher
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			AC190380050
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			Caution, highly toxic
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Horseradish peroxidase
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Sigma
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			P8125-5KU
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylene diamine
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Fisher
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			AC408460250
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			Caution, highly toxic
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			phenol
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Fisher
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			AC149340500
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			Caution, highly toxic
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			tert-butyl hydroperoxide
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Fisher
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			AC180340050
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			Caution, highly toxic
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			n-heptane
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Acros Organics
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			120340010
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;"></td>
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			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">[header]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Shaker/Incubator
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Fisher Scientific
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			Max Q 6000
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Centrifuge
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Sorvall
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			RC 6
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Sonicator
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			QSonica
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			Misonix 200
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Ultrafiltration Tubes
			</td>
			<td style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Amicon Ultra
			</td>
			<td style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			UFC903024
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			&#160;Ni Sepharose High Performance HisTrap column
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			GE Healthcare Life Sciences
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			17-5248-01
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			HiTrap SP Sepharose FF ion exchange column
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			GE Healthcare Life Sciences
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			17-5156-01
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:137px;height:21px;">
			
			</td>
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		<tr>
			<td style="width:175px;height:21px;">
			Plate reader
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:111px;height:21px;">
			Molecular Devices
			</td>
			<td nowrap="nowrap" style="width:118px;height:21px;">
			SpectraMax Gemini EM
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	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of an intein-mediated artificial protein hydrogel

אנו מציגים את הסינתזה של חלבון הידרוג&#39;ל מאוד יציב בתיווך תגובת טרנס שחבור-זרז intein פיצול חלבון. אבני הבניין של הידרוג&#39;ל זה שני בלוק קופולימרים חלבון המכילים כל מקטע של חלבון trimeric המשמש כcrosslinker וחצי אחד של intein מפוצלת. סליל אקראי הידרופילי מאוד מוכנס לתוך אחד מבלוק קופולימרים להחזקת מים. ערבוב של שני קופולימרים לחסום חלבון מעורר תגובת טרנס שחבור intein, מניב יחידת פוליפפטיד עם crosslinkers בכל צד שמהירות עצמי מרכיב להידרוג&#39;ל. הידרוג&#39;ל זה מאוד יציב תחת שני תנאים חומציים ובסיסיים, בטמפרטורות של עד 50 מעלות צלזיוס, ובממסים אורגניים. הידרוג&#39;ל במהירות רפורמות לאחר קרע מושרה גזירה. התאגדות של &quot;פפטיד תחנת עגינה&quot; לאבן בניין הידרוג&#39;ל מאפשרת שילוב נוח של &quot;חלבון עגינה&quot; מתויג חלבוני יעד.הידרוג&#39;ל תואם תקשורת צמיחה בתרבית רקמה, תומך בדיפוזיה של מולקולות 20 kDa, ומאפשר הקיבוע של חלבונים כדוריים ביו. היישום של הידרוג&#39;ל חלבון intein בתיווך כbiocatalyst אורגני ממס תואם הודגם על ידי המתמצת את אנזים peroxidase חזרת והאימות את פעילותה.

סכמטי להיווצרות החלבון הידרוג&#39;ל intein תיווך מוצג באיור 1 א. אבני הבניין של הידרוג&#39;ל הוא חלבון קופולימרים CutA-NpuN (N) וNpuC-S-CutA (ג) (איור 1 א, טבלת 1). NpuN / C הוא N-/C-fragments של DnaE לפצל באופן טבעי intein מpunctiforme Nostoc (NPU). CutA הוא חלבון trimeric יציב מPyrococcus horikoshii 4,5. ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of an Intein-mediated Artificial Protein Hydrogel at JoVE.com

Synthesis of an Intein-mediated Artificial Protein Hydrogel

אנו מציגים את הסינתזה של הידרוג&#39;ל-תיווך intein פיצול חלבון. אבני הבניין של הידרוג&#39;ל הזה הוא שני קופולימרים חלבון המכילים כל מקטע של חלבון trimeric המשמש כcrosslinker וחצי אחד של intein מפוצלת. ערבוב של שני קופולימרים החלבון מעורר תגובת טרנס שחבור intein, מניב יחידת פוליפפטיד שעצמי מרכיבה לתוך הידרוג&#39;ל. הידרוג&#39;ל זו משלבת חלבונים כדוריים מאוד פונקציונליים pH והטמפרטורה יציבה, תואם עם ממסים אורגניים, ובקלות.

סינתזה של חלבון מלאכותי בתיווך intein Hydrogel

We present the synthesis of a highly stable protein hydrogel mediated by a split-intein-catalyzed protein trans-splicing reaction. The building blocks of ...

synthesis-of-an-intein-mediated-artificial-protein-hydrogel

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

12.0K Views.  Texas A&M University, College Station.  אנו מציגים את הסינתזה של הידרוג'ל-תיווך intein פיצול חלבון. אבני הבניין של הידרוג'ל הזה הוא שני קופולימרים חלבון המכילים כל מקטע של חלבון trimeric המשמש כcrosslinker וחצי אחד של intein מפוצלת. ערבוב של שני קופולימרים החלבון מעורר תגובת טרנס שחבור ...

Video: Synthesis of an Intein-mediated Artificial Protein Hydrogel

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently incorporated into film assemblies that serve as adsorption platforms for protein monolayer electrochemistry (PME). PME is utilized as the model system for studying electrochemical properties of redox proteins by confining them to an adsorption platform at a modified electrode, which also serves as a redox partner for electron transfer (ET) reactions. Studies have shown that gold nanoparticle film assemblies of this nature provide for a more homogeneous protein adsorption environment and promote ET without distance dependence compared to the more traditional systems modified with alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAM).1-3 In this paper, MPCs functionalized with hexanethiolate ligands are synthesized using a modified Brust reaction4 and characterized with ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). MPC films are assembled on SAM modified gold electrode interfaces by using a "dip cycle" method of alternating MPC layers and dithiol linking molecules. Film growth at gold electrode is tracked electrochemically by measuring changes to the double layer charging current of the system. Analogous films assembled on silane modified glass slides allow for optical monitoring of film growth and cross-sectional TEM analysis provides an estimated film thickness. During film assembly, manipulation of the MPC ligand protection as well as the interparticle linkage mechanism allow for networked films, that are readily adaptable, to interface with redox protein having different adsorption mechanism. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (AZ) can be adsorbed hydrophobically to dithiol-linked films of hexanethiolate MPCs and cytochrome c (cyt c) can be immobilized electrostatically at a carboxylic acid modified MPC interfacial layer. In this report, we focus on the film protocol for the AZ system exclusively. Investigations involving the adsorption of proteins on MPC modified synthetic platforms could further the understanding of interactions between biomolecules and man-made materials, and consequently aid the development of biosensor schemes, ET modeling systems, and synthetic biocompatible materials.5-8

Alkanethiolate stabilized gold colloids known as monolayer protected clusters (MPCs) are synthesized, characterized, and assembled into thin films as an adsorption interface for protein monolayer electrochemistry of simple redox protein like Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (AZ) and cytochrome c (cyt c).

סינתזה, הרכבה, אפיון monolayer מוגן סרטים Nanoparticle זהב עבור אלקטרוכימיה monolayer חלבון

Colloidal gold nanoparticles protected with alkanethiolate ligands called monolayer protected gold clusters (MPCs) are synthesized and subsequently ...

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

Polyanhydrides are a class of biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and drug delivery capabilities. While they have been studied extensively with conventional one-sample-at-a-time synthesis techniques, a more recent high-throughput approach has been developed enabling the synthesis and testing of large libraries of polyanhydrides1. This will facilitate more efficient optimization and design process of these biomaterials for drug and vaccine delivery applications. The method in this work describes the combinatorial synthesis of biodegradable polyanhydride film and nanoparticle libraries and the high-throughput detection of protein release from these libraries. In this robotically operated method (Figure 1), linear actuators and syringe pumps are controlled by LabVIEW, which enables a hands-free automated protocol, eliminating user error. Furthermore, this method enables the rapid fabrication of micro-scale polymer libraries, reducing the batch size while resulting in the creation of multivariant polymer systems. This combinatorial approach to polymer synthesis facilitates the synthesis of up to 15 different polymers in an equivalent amount of time it would take to synthesize one polymer conventionally. In addition, the combinatorial polymer library can be fabricated into blank or protein-loaded geometries including films or nanoparticles upon dissolution of the polymer library in a solvent and precipitation into a non-solvent (for nanoparticles) or by vacuum drying (for films). Upon loading a fluorochrome-conjugated protein into the polymer libraries, protein release kinetics can be assessed at high-throughput using a fluorescence-based detection method (Figures 2 and 3) as described previously1. This combinatorial platform has been validated with conventional methods2 and the polyanhydride film and nanoparticle libraries have been characterized with 1H NMR and FTIR. The libraries have been screened for protein release kinetics, stability and antigenicity; in vitro cellular toxicity, cytokine production, surface marker expression, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation; and in vivo biodistribution and mucoadhesion1-11. The combinatorial method developed herein enables high-throughput polymer synthesis and fabrication of protein-loaded nanoparticle and film libraries, which can, in turn, be screened in vitro and in vivo for optimization of biomaterial performance.

This method describes the combinatorial synthesis of biodegradable polyanhydride film and nanoparticle libraries and the high-throughput detection of protein release from these libraries.

סינתזה קומבינטורית של שחרור חלבון ותפוקה גבוהה מסרט הפולימר וספריות Nanoparticle

Polyanhydrides are a class of biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and drug delivery capabilities. While they have been studied extensively with ...

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart

Regeneration of lost myocardium is an important goal for future therapies because of the increasing occurrence of chronic ischemic heart failure and the limited access to donor hearts. An example of a treatment to recover the function of the heart consists of the local delivery of drugs and bioactives from a hydrogel. In this paper a method is introduced to formulate and inject a drug-loaded hydrogel non-invasively and side-specific into the pig heart using a long, flexible catheter. The use of 3-D electromechanical mapping and injection via a catheter allows side-specific treatment of the myocardium. To provide a hydrogel compatible with this catheter, a supramolecular hydrogel is used because of the convenient switching from a gel to a solution state using environmental triggers. At basic pH this ureido-pyrimidinone modified poly(ethylene glycol) acts as a Newtonian fluid which can be easily injected, but at physiological pH the solution rapidly switches into a gel. These mild switching conditions allow for the incorporation of bioactive drugs and bioactive species, such as growth factors and exosomes as we present here in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The in vitro experiments give an on forehand indication of the gel stability and drug release, which allows for tuning of the gel and release properties before the subsequent application in vivo. This combination allows for the optimal tuning of the gel to the used bioactive compounds and species, and the injection system.

Supramolecular hydrogelators based on ureido-pyrimidinones allow full control over the macroscopic gel properties and the sol&#8211;gel switching behavior using pH. Here, we present a protocol for formulating and injecting such a supramolecular hydrogelator via a catheter delivery system for local delivery directly in relevant areas in the pig heart.

מולקולריים Hydrogel זריקות וטעוני תרופות להזרקה מקומית צנתר לתוך לב החזיר

Regeneration of lost myocardium is an important goal for future therapies because of the increasing occurrence of chronic ischemic heart failure and the ...

Synthesis of Infectious Bacteriophages in an E. coli-based Cell-free Expression System

A new generation of cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) systems, engineered to have a greater versatility and modularity, provide novel capabilities to perform basic and applied sciences in test tube reactions. Over the past decade, cell-free TXTL has become a powerful technique for a broad range of novel multidisciplinary research areas related to quantitative and synthetic biology. The new TXTL platforms are particularly useful to construct and interrogate biochemical systems through the execution of synthetic or natural gene circuits. In vitro TXTL has proven convenient to rapidly prototype regulatory elements and biological networks as well as to recapitulate molecular self-assembly mechanisms found in living systems. In this article, we describe how infectious bacteriophages, such as MS2 (RNA), &#934;&#935;174 (ssDNA), and T7 (dsDNA), are entirely synthesized from their genome in one-pot reactions using an all Escherichia coli, cell-free TXTL system. Synthesis of the three coliphages is quantified using the plaque assay. We show how the yield of synthesized phage depends on the biochemical settings of the reactions. Molecular crowding, emulated through a controlled concentration of PEG 8000, affects the amount of synthesized phages by orders of magnitudes. We also describe how to amplify the phages and how to purify their genomes. The set of protocols and results presented in this work should be of interest to multidisciplinary researchers involved in cell-free synthetic biology and bioengineering.

Synthesis of Infectious Bacteriophages in an E. coli-based Cell-free Expression System

A new generation of cell-free transcription-translation platforms has been engineered to construct biochemical systems in vitro through the execution of gene circuits. In this article, we describe how bacteriophages, such as MS2, &#934;&#935;174, and T7, are synthesized from their genome using an all E. coli cell-free TXTL system.

סינתזה של Bacteriophages זיהומיות e. coli -תא ללא ביטוי מערכת מבוססת

A new generation of cell-free transcription-translation (TXTL) systems, engineered to have a greater versatility and modularity, provide novel ...

An Additive Manufacturing Technique for the Facile and Rapid Fabrication of Hydrogel-based Micromachines with Magnetically Responsive Components

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels are biocompatible hydrogels that have been approved for use in humans by the FDA. Typical PEG-based hydrogels have simple monolithic architectures and often function as scaffolding materials for tissue engineering applications. More sophisticated structures typically take a long time to fabricate and do not contain moving components. This protocol describes a photolithography method that allows for facile and rapid microfabrication of PEG structures and devices. This strategy involves an in-house developed fabrication stage that allows for the rapid fabrication of 3D structures by building upwards in a layer-by-layer fashion. Independent moving components can also be aligned and assembled onto support structures to form integrated devices. These independent components are doped with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles that are sensitive to magnetic actuation. In this manner, the fabricated devices can be actuated using external magnets to yield movement of the components within. Hence, this technique allows for the fabrication of sophisticated MEMS-like devices (micromachines) that are composed entirely out of a biocompatible hydrogel, able to function without an onboard power source, and respond to a contact-less method of actuation. This manuscript describes the fabrication of both the fabrication set-up as well as the step-by-step method for the microfabrication of these hydrogels-based MEMS-like devices.

An additive manufacturing strategy for processing UV-crosslinkable hydrogels has been developed. This strategy allows for the layer-by-layer assembly of microfabricated hydrogel structures as well as the assembly of independent components, yielding integrated devices containing moving components that are responsive to magnetic actuation.

תוסף טכניקת הייצור עבור הזיוף נתיישב ומהירה של מבוססי הידרוג Micromachines עם רכיבים תגובה מגנטית

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based hydrogels are biocompatible hydrogels that have been approved for use in humans by the FDA. Typical PEG-based hydrogels ...

Fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment Array

Cellular microenvironments consist of a variety of cues, such as growth factors, extracellular matrices, and intercellular interactions. These cues are well orchestrated and are crucial in regulating cell functions in a living system. Although a number of researchers have attempted to investigate the correlation between environmental factors and desired cellular functions, much remains unknown. This is largely due to the lack of a proper methodology to mimic such environmental cues in vitro, and simultaneously test different environmental cues on cells. Here, we report an integrated platform of microfluidic channels and a nanofiber array, followed by high-content single-cell analysis, to examine stem cell phenotypes altered by distinct environmental factors. To demonstrate the application of this platform, this study focuses on the phenotypes of self-renewing human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here, we present the preparation procedures for a nanofiber array and the microfluidic structure in the fabrication of a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment (MACME) array. Moreover, overall steps of the single-cell profiling, cell staining with multiple fluorescent markers, multiple fluorescence imaging, and statistical analyses, are described.

This article describes the detailed methodology to prepare a Multiplexed Artificial Cellular MicroEnvironment (MACME) array for high-throughput manipulation of physical and chemical cues mimicking in vivo cellular microenvironments and to identify the optimal cellular environment for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with single-cell profiling.

ייצור של מערך מרובבת MicroEnvironment הסלולר מלאכותי

Cellular microenvironments consist of a variety of cues, such as growth factors, extracellular matrices, and intercellular interactions. These cues are ...

3D Printed Porous Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffolds

This work demonstrates the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing to produce porous cubic scaffolds using cellulose nanocomposite hydrogel ink, with controlled pore structure and mechanical properties. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, 69.62 wt%) based hydrogel ink with matrix (sodium alginate and gelatin) was developed and 3D printed into scaffolds with uniform and gradient pore structure (110-1,100 &#181;m). The scaffolds showed compression modulus in the range of 0.20-0.45 MPa when tested in simulated in vivo conditions (in distilled water at 37 &#176;C). The pore sizes and the compression modulus of the 3D scaffolds matched with the requirements needed for cartilage regeneration applications. This work demonstrates that the consistency of the ink can be controlled by the concentration of the precursors and porosity can be controlled by the 3D printing process and both of these factors in return defines the mechanical properties of the 3D printed porous hydrogel scaffold. This process method can therefore be used to fabricate structurally and compositionally customized scaffolds according to the specific needs of patients.&#160;

The three critical steps of this protocol are i) developing the right composition and consistency of the cellulose hydrogel ink, ii) 3D printing of scaffolds into various pore structures with good shape fidelity and dimensions and iii) demonstration of the mechanical properties in simulated body conditions for cartilage regeneration.

3D מודפס נקבובי תאית Nanocomposite הידרוג פיגומים

This work demonstrates the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing to produce porous cubic scaffolds using cellulose nanocomposite hydrogel ink, with ...

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth

Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions is a central aspect of synthetic cells. For this purpose, peptide-based reaction compartments serve as an attractive alternative to liposomes or fatty acid-based vesicles. Externally or within the vesicles, peptides can be easily expressed and simplify the synthesis of membrane precursors. Provided here is a protocol for the creation of vesicles with diameters of ~200 nm based on the amphiphilic elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) utilizing dehydration-rehydration from glass beads. Also presented are protocols for bacterial ELP expression and purification via inverse temperature cycling, as well as their covalent functionalization with fluorescent dyes. Furthermore, this report describes a protocol to enable the transcription of RNA aptamer dBroccoli inside ELP vesicles as a less complex example for a biochemical reaction. Finally, a protocol is provided, which allows in vesiculo expression of fluorescent proteins and the membrane peptide, whereas synthesis of the latter results in vesicle growth.

Presented here are protocols for the creation of peptide-based small unilamellar vesicles capable of growth. To facilitate in vesiculo production of the membrane peptide, these vesicles are equipped with a transcription-translation system and the peptide-encoding plasmid.

ב והשרירים סינתזה של ממברנות פפטיד הפרה עבור הצמיחה שלפוחית אוטונומית

Compartmentalization of biochemical reactions is a central aspect of synthetic cells. For this purpose, peptide-based reaction compartments serve as an ...

An Open Source Technology Platform to Manufacture Hydrogel-Based 3D Culture Models in an Automated and Standardized Fashion

Current mixing steps of viscous materials rely on repetitive and time-consuming tasks which are performed mainly manually in a low throughput mode. These issues represent drawbacks in workflows that can ultimately result in irreproducibility of research findings. Manual-based workflows are further limiting the advancement and widespread adoption of viscous materials, such as hydrogels used for biomedical applications. These challenges can be overcome by using automated workflows with standardized mixing processes to increase reproducibility. In this study, we present step-by-step instructions to use an open source protocol designer, to operate an open source workstation, and to identify reproducible mixtures. Specifically, the open source protocol designer guides the user through the experimental parameter selection and generates a ready-to-use protocol code to operate the workstation. This workstation is optimized for pipetting of viscous materials to enable automated and highly reliable handling by the integration of temperature docks for thermoresponsive materials, positive displacement pipettes for viscous materials, and an optional tip touch dock to remove excess material from the pipette tip. The validation and verification of mixtures are performed by a fast and inexpensive absorbance measurement of Orange G. This protocol presents results to obtain 80% (v/v) glycerol mixtures, a dilution series for gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and double network hydrogels of 5% (w/v) GelMA and 2% (w/v) alginate. A troubleshooting guide is included to support users with protocol adoption. The described workflow can be broadly applied to a number of viscous materials to generate user-defined concentrations in an automated fashion.

This protocol serves as a comprehensive tutorial for standardized and reproducible mixing of viscous materials with a novel open source automation technology. Detailed instructions are provided on the operation of a newly developed open source workstation, the usage of an open source protocol designer, and the validation and verification to identify reproducible mixtures.

פלטפורמת טכנולוגיית קוד פתוח לייצור דגמי תרבות תלת-ממדית מבוססי הידרוג'ל באופן אוטומטי ומתוקנן

Current mixing steps of viscous materials rely on repetitive and time-consuming tasks which are performed mainly manually in a low throughput mode. These ...

From Cells to Cell-Free Protein Synthesis within 24 Hours Using Cell-Free Autoinduction Workflow

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has grown as a biotechnology platform that captures transcription and translation machinery in vitro. Numerous developments have made the CFPS platform more accessible to new users and have expanded the range of applications. For lysate based CFPS systems, cell extracts can be generated from a variety of organisms, harnessing the unique biochemistry of that host to augment protein synthesis. Within the last 20 years, Escherichia coli (E. coli) has become one of the most widely used organisms for supporting CFPS due to its affordability and versatility. Despite numerous key advances, the workflow for E. coli cell extract preparation has remained a key bottleneck for new users to implement CFPS for their applications. The extract preparation workflow is time-intensive and requires technical expertise to achieve reproducible results. To overcome these barriers, we previously reported the development of a 24 hour cell-free autoinduction (CFAI) workflow that reduces user input and technical expertise required. The CFAI workflow minimizes the labor and technical skill required to generate cell extracts while also increasing the total quantities of cell extracts obtained. Here we describe that workflow in a step-by-step manner to improve access and support the broad implementation of E. coli based CFPS.

This work describes the preparation of cell extract from Escherichia coli (E. coli) followed by cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) reactions in under 24 hours. Explanation of the cell-free autoinduction (CFAI) protocol details improvements made to reduce researcher oversight and increase quantities of cell extract obtained.