Nucleophilic Substitution

Panoramica

Source: Vy M. Dong and Daniel Kim, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA

Nucleophilic substitution reactions are among the most fundamental topics covered in organic chemistry. A nucleophilic substitution reaction is one where a nucleophile (electron-rich Lewis base) replaces a leaving group from a carbon atom.

SN1 (S = Substitution, N = Nucleophilic, 1 = first-order kinetics)
SN2 (S = Substitution, N = Nucleophilic, 2 = second-order kinetics)

This video will help to visualize the subtle differences between an SN1 and SN2 reaction and what factors help to speed up each type of nucleophilic substitution reaction. The first section will focus on reactions that will help to better understand and learn about nucleophilic substitution reactions. The second section will focus on a real-world example of a substitution reaction.

Procedura

Part 1: Studying SN1 Reactions

Alkyl Halide Structure:

  1. Measure 2 mL of a 0.1 M solution of silver nitrate in absolute ethanol into each of the three test tubes.
  2. Add 2 drops of 1-bromobutane into the first test tube. Add 2 drops of 2-bromobutane into the second test tube.
  3. Add 2 drops of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane into the final, third test tube.
  4. Stopper and shake each test tube.
  5. Note the time at which the first signs of cloudiness or pre

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Risultati

Part 1: Studying SN1 Reactions

Alkyl Halide Structure:

Figure 9

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Tags
Nucleophilic SubstitutionOrganic SynthesisElectron rich SpeciesAlkyl HalideFunctional GroupReactantsFunctionalized AlkaneAlcoholSulfonic HalideAlkyl HalideAlpha CarbonBeta CarbonElectrophileNucleophileChloride IonAcetate Ion

Vai a...

0:00

Overview

0:45

Principles of Nucleophilic Substitution

4:00

SN1 Reaction

6:11

Results: Rate of SN1 Reactions

8:32

SN2 Reactions

10:03

Results: Rates of SN2 Reactions

12:45

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