Questo progetto è stato finanziato dalla German Research Association (DFG, SE 4578/3-1).

A. Cartilagine Biopsia (Chirurgia in camera; passaggi 1-5 nella camera di preparazione non sterile) <ol><li> Eseguire un controllo finale peso del coniglio (New Zealand White coniglio, femmina, 3,5-4,0 kg di peso corporeo, 6 mesi) per essere in grado di dose droghe correttamente e controllare il peso conseguente alla chirurgia. </li><li> Indurre l&#39;anestesia per il coniglio da una iniezione endovenosa di 10 mg / kg di propofol. </li><li> Dopo l&#39;intubazione, mantenere l&#39;anestesia con 1,5 mg / kg / min propofol e 0,05 mg / kg di fentanil per via endovenosa. Monitorare l&#39;anestesia utilizzando capnography, pulsossimetria e la frequenza cardiaca. </li><li> Shave il ginocchio da operare con un tagliatore elettrico e vuoto la pelliccia. </li><li> Disinfettare il ginocchio rasato accuratamente e coprire il resto del coniglio con una garza sterile. </li><li> Palpare la rotula ed eseguire una incisione cutanea mediale della rotula. </li><li> Aprire l&#39;articolazione del ginocchio da una artrotomia mediale parapatellare in condizioni sterili. Cercate di evitare il taglio di qualsiasi piccola suvasi sanguigni perficial. </li><li> Spostare la rotula lateralmente. </li><li> Ispezionare l&#39;articolazione del ginocchio per eventuali anomalie e lesioni cartilaginee macroscopiche. </li><li> Rimuovere con cautela piccoli pezzi di cartilagine (2-3 mm) fuori della troclea femorale ossis con un bisturi sterile (Figura 1). </li><li> Porre immediatamente queste biopsie cartilaginee in un tubo da 50 ml con terreno completo (DMEM + 10% di siero fetale bovino (FCS) + 1% di penicillina / streptomicina (Pen / Strep)) per continuare con la cultura in vitro destra dopo l&#39;operazione. </li><li> Pulire i difetti e sciacquare con soluzione salina sterile. </li><li> Riposizionare la rotula nel solco trocleare. </li><li> Chiusura della ferita a strati con bottone singolo suture (4-0 Vicryl) e una sutura cutanea continua (4-0 Monocryl). Utilizzare materiale di sutura riassorbibile. </li><li> Infine, sigillare la ferita con uno spray medicazione permeabile al vapore acqueo. </li></ol> B. In vitro Cultura <ol><li> Elabora la biopsia cpezzi il più presto possibile dopo l&#39;operazione in una cappa a flusso laminare sterile cultura del tessuto artilage. </li><li> Lavare la sterile raccolto cartilagine 2x in PBS con successiva centrifugazione a 500 xg per 3 min a RT. </li><li> Tagliare cartilagine in pezzi da 1 mm 3, trasferimento ad un Falcon 50 ml e digerire loro su un agitatore per 30 minuti con 10 ml di tripsina-EDTA (0,25%) e 10 ml di PBS per 30 min </li><li> Dopo 30 min, interrompere tripsinizzazione aggiungendo mezzo completo. Poi, scuotere i pezzi di cartilagine per un altro per 12 ore con collagenasi A (0,21 U / mg) in mezzo privo di siero (DMEM + 1% Pen / Strep). </li><li> Centrifugare la soluzione risultante a 170 xg per 3 min a RT. </li><li> Risospendere pellet cellulare in 5 ml di terreno completo. </li><li> Seed i condrociti isolati su a 25 cm 2 di tessuto cultura palloni in 5 ml di terreno completo e conservare in un umidificata tessuto cultura incubatore a 37 ° C, 5% di CO 2. </li><li> Condrociti crescere ad una densità di 80%. </li><li> Rilasciare le cellule di from boccette di lavaggio in PBS 2x prima di esporre al 0,05% tripsina-EDTA per 3 min. Una volta condrociti staccano, stop tripsinizzazione con l&#39;aggiunta di 10 microlitri terreno completo. </li><li> Centrifugare la sospensione di 300 g (3 min) e risospendere pellet in terreno completo. </li><li> Cellule di semi in fiasche di coltura tissutale (75 cm 2) e Split con un rapporto di 1:3 (~ 5.000 cellule / cm 2) ogni 5 ° giorno o al momento 80% di confluenza. </li><li> Determinare i numeri di cellulare e la vitalità di blu tripano colorazione. </li></ol> C. Cell-semina di Matrix <ol><li> Prima del lavaggio impianto e cellule di rilascio come descritto sopra. Eseguire la conta cellulare e trasferire 5 x 10 4 cellule in una provetta da 1,5 ml. Quindi centrifugare a 500 xg per 5 minuti a temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Risospendere il pellet in 15 microlitri mezzo completo per una completa saturazione della matrice. </li><li> Tagliare il doppio strato di collagene patibolo per le dimensioni esatte del difetto trocleare da una biopsia sterilepugno. </li><li> Posto matrice in un piatto di coltura tissutale di dimensioni appropriate (come piastre da 24 pozzetti). </li><li> Piastrare sul lato poroso, cellula-adesivo della matrice. Questo scoraggia migrazione cellulare lontano dalla matrice. </li><li> Lascia cellula-teste di serie matrici senza ulteriore mezzo di coltura cellulare all&#39;interno di un incubatore per 1 ora per consentire la piena aderenza dei condrociti. </li><li> Poi, posto cellula-matrice-costrutti in contenitori di coltura (ad esempio piastre da 24 pozzetti) con terreno fresco completo. Fare attenzione a non lavare le cellule fuori della matrice, anche se forte aderenza è previsto. </li><li> Ora, cellula-matrice-costrutti possono essere adottate per la sala operatoria per il re-impianto. </li></ol> D. matrix-assisted trapianto autologo di condrociti <ol><li> Eseguire artrotomia parapatellare al ginocchio controlaterale come descritto sopra (A. 1-8). </li><li> Creare due isolati difetti condrali nel solco trocleare con un operatin aria sterileg trapano (3,6 mm di diametro). </li><li> Pulire il difetto e sciacquare con soluzione salina sterile. </li><li> Occorre prestare attenzione a non aprire la cavità midollare, in qualsiasi momento. Se necessario, sigillare il fondo dei difetti con cauterizzazione elettrica contro sanguinamento. </li><li> Impiantare le matrici seminate con i condrociti in coltura con la porosa lato rivolto verso il basso (Figura 2). Poi press-fit nei fori e lavare la superficie circostante. </li><li> Sigillare le matrici impiantati con un po &#39;di colla di fibrina (Tissucol Duo S) per assicurare la fissazione sicura. </li><li> Dopo la coagulazione, riposizionare la rotula nel solco trocleare e applicare la gamma completa di movimento al ginocchio un paio di volte. </li><li> Spostare lateralmente, ancora una volta la rotula e verificare la presenza di qualsiasi evento o segno di fissazione instabile. Le matrici devono essere tenute ancora in vigore. </li><li> Sostituire nuovamente la rotula e terminare l&#39;operazione con chiusura della ferita in strati e spray medicazione come descritto sopra. </li></ol>

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Gli autori non hanno nulla da rivelare.

Il protocollo presentato fornisce un consolidato 9,12,13 e facilmente riproducibile tecnica per isolare i condrociti autologhi per la successiva proliferazione e re-impianto in difetti della cartilagine creato artificialmente in ginocchio coniglio. L&#39;uso di condrociti autologhi per il rimodellamento e la riparazione di lesioni della cartilagine articolare è già in uso clinico fornire risultati soddisfacenti a lungo termine 6. Problemi importanti come per esempio l...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name of reagent/equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>F 0415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase A</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>10 103 586 001</td>
			<td>0.21 U/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum (FCS)</td>
			<td>PAN Biotech GmbH</td>
			<td>3702-P103009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>A 2213</td>
			<td>10,000 U/ml/10,000 &mu;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS Dulbecco (1X)</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L1815</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol (70%)</td>
			<td>Merck KgaA</td>
			<td>410230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.25 %/0.02 %</td>
			<td>Biochrom AG</td>
			<td>L2163</td>
			<td>in PBS w/o Ca2+, Mg2+</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl</td>
			<td>Delta Select GmBH</td>
			<td>1819340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl solution (0.9%)</td>
			<td>Bbraun</td>
			<td>8333A193</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture dishes 100 mm/150 mm</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>93100/93150</td>
			<td>Growth area 60.1 mm2/147.8 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue culture flasks 25/75 mm2</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>90025/90075</td>
			<td>25 mm2, 75 mm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge Tubes (50 ml)</td>
			<td>TPP AG</td>
			<td>91050</td>
			<td>Gamma-sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Brand GmbH+Co KG</td>
			<td>717810</td>
			<td>Neubauer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution 0.4%</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L8154</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spray dressing (OpSite)</td>
			<td>Smith&amp;Nephew</td>
			<td>66004978</td>
			<td>Permeable for water vapor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chondro-Gide&Ograve;</td>
			<td>Geistlich Pharma AG</td>
			<td>30915.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy Punch</td>
			<td>pfm medical ag</td>
			<td>48351</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissucol Duo S</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>3419627</td>
			<td>0.5 ml</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for remodeling and repair of chondral defects in a rabbit model

Difetti della cartilagine articolare sono considerati un problema sanitario importante in quanto la cartilagine articolare ha una limitata capacità di auto-rigenerazione 1. Lesioni cartilaginee non trattate portano a dolore in corso, influenzare negativamente la qualità della vita e di predisporre per l&#39;artrosi. Durante gli ultimi decenni, diverse tecniche chirurgiche sono state sviluppate per il trattamento di tali lesioni. Tuttavia, finora non è stato possibile ottenere una riparazione completa in termini di copertura del difetto di cartilagine ialina articolare o di fornire recupero a lungo termine soddisfacenti 2-4. Pertanto, le lesioni della cartilagine articolare rimane un obiettivo primario per le tecniche rigenerative come Tissue Engineering. A differenza di altre tecniche chirurgiche, che spesso portano alla formazione di tessuto fibroso o fibrocartilagineo, Tissue Engineering mira a ripristinare completamente la struttura complessa e le proprietà della cartilagine articolare originale utilizzando il potenziale condrogenico delle cellule trapiantate. Ralcune recenti sviluppi hanno aperto possibilità promettenti per le terapie rigenerative della cartilagine. Il primo approccio basato cellulare per il trattamento di cartilagine a tutto spessore o lesioni osteocondrali è stata eseguita nel 1994 da Lars Peterson e Mats Brittberg pioniere clinico impianto di condrociti autologhi (ACI) 5. Oggi, la tecnica è clinicamente ben consolidata per il trattamento dei grandi difetti della cartilagine ialina del ginocchio, il mantenimento di buoni risultati clinici anche 10 o 20 anni dopo l&#39;impianto 6. Negli ultimi anni, l&#39;impianto di condrociti autologhi subito una progressione rapida. L&#39;uso di un tridimensionale collageno-matrice artificiale su cui le cellule vengono successivamente reimpiantate diventata sempre più popolare 7-9. MACT compone di due procedure chirurgiche: in primo luogo, al fine di raccogliere condrociti, una biopsia cartilagine deve essere eseguita da una zona di cartilagine non sostengono pesi tgiunto egli ginocchio. Poi, condrociti vengono estratti, purificati e ampliato per un numero di cellule sufficiente in vitro. I condrociti sono poi seminate su una matrice tridimensionale e possono essere successivamente reimpiantati. Quando si prepara un impianto tissutale, tasso di proliferazione e la capacità di differenziazione sono cruciali per una rigenerazione dei tessuti di successo 10. L&#39;uso di una matrice tridimensionale come vettore cella è pensato per supportare queste caratteristiche cellulari 11. Il seguente protocollo riassumerà e dimostrare una tecnica per l&#39;isolamento di condrociti da biopsie cartilagine, la loro proliferazione in vitro e loro semina su un 3D-matrice (Chondro-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wollhusen, Svizzera). Infine, l&#39;impianto degli cellula-matrice-costrutti in artificialmente creati difetti condrali del ginocchio di coniglio sarà descritto. Questa tecnica può essere utilizzata come ambiente sperimentaleper ulteriori esperimenti di riparazione della cartilagine.

La tecnica chirurgica descritta permette un isolamento di successo e l&#39;impianto di condrociti autologhi in un difetto condrale artificiale. Il setup sperimentale ha comportato una integrazione dell&#39;impianto nella cartilagine circostante. Dopo 12 settimane in vivo, il difetto condrale stato riempito da tessuto di riparazione con una superficie omogenea e intatta, che ha ridotto sforzo di taglio e danneggiamento dell&#39;impianto (Figura 4). Inoltre, nessuna i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model at JoVE.com

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

Una tecnica sperimentale per il trattamento dei difetti condrali in ginocchio di coniglio è descritto. L&#39;impianto di condrociti autologhi seminate su una matrice è un metodo ben accettato per il rimodellamento e la riparazione di lesioni della cartilagine articolare che fornisca risultati soddisfacenti a lungo termine. Matrix-assistito trapianto autologo di condrociti (MACT) offre un metodo standardizzato di impianto e clinicamente stabilita.

Matrix-assistito trapianto autologo di condrociti per il rimodellamento e la riparazione dei difetti condrali in un modello di coniglio

Articular cartilage defects are considered a major health problem because articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration 1. Untreated ...

matrix-assisted-autologous-chondrocyte-transplantation-for-remodeling

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.3K Views.  Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München. Una tecnica sperimentale per il trattamento dei difetti condrali in ginocchio di coniglio è descritto. L'impianto di condrociti autologhi seminate su una matrice è un metodo ben accettato per il rimodellamento e la riparazione di lesioni della cartilagine articolare che fornisca risultati soddisfacenti a lungo termine. Matrix-assistito trapianto autologo di condrociti (MACT) offre un metodo standardizzato di impianto e clinicamente stabilita.

Video: Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus. For example, in utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells has been used to successfully treat patients with severe combined immunodeficiency.1,2 In several other conditions, however, IUT has been attempted without success.3 Given these mixed results, the availability of an efficient non-human model to study the biological sequelae of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy is critical to advance this field. We and others have used the mouse model of IUT to study factors affecting successful engraftment of in utero transplanted hematopoietic stem cells in both wild-type mice4-7 and those with genetic diseases.8,9 The fetal environment also offers considerable advantages for the success of in utero gene therapy. For example, the delivery of adenoviral10, adeno-associated viral10, retroviral11, and lentiviral vectors12,13 into the fetus has resulted in the transduction of multiple organs distant from the site of injection with long-term gene expression. in utero gene therapy may therefore be considered as a possible treatment strategy for single gene disorders such as muscular dystrophy or cystic fibrosis. Another potential advantage of IUT is the ability to induce immune tolerance to a specific antigen. As seen in mice with hemophilia, the introduction of Factor IX early in development results in tolerance to this protein.14 
In addition to its use in investigating potential human therapies, the mouse model of IUT can be a powerful tool to study basic questions in developmental and stem cell biology. For example, one can deliver various small molecules to induce or inhibit specific gene expression at defined gestational stages and manipulate developmental pathways. The impact of these alterations can be assessed at various timepoints after the initial transplantation. Furthermore, one can transplant pluripotent or lineage specific progenitor cells into the fetal environment to study stem cell differentiation in a non-irradiated and unperturbed host environment.
The mouse model of IUT has already provided numerous insights within the fields of immunology, and developmental and stem cell biology. In this video-based protocol, we describe a step-by-step approach to performing IUT in mouse fetuses and outline the critical steps and potential pitfalls of this technique.

A Mouse Model of in Utero Transplantation

The mouse model of in utero transplantation is a versatile tool that can be used to study the potential clinical applications of stem cell transplantation and gene therapy in the fetus. In this protocol, we present a general approach to performing this technique

Un modello murino di Nell&#39;utero Trapianto

The transplantation of stem cells and viruses in utero has tremendous potential for treating congenital disorders in the human fetus.  For example, in ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and standardized not only for the study of allo-rejection but also between syngeneic strains for examining mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation. Although the application of the rat and other large animal model 2 contributed significantly to the elucidation of these studies, the scope of those investigations is limited by the scarcity of knockout and transgenic rats. Due to no effective therapies for obliterative bronchiolitis, the leading cause of death in lung transplant patients, there has been an intensive search for pre-clinical models that replicate obliterative bronchiolitis. The tracheal allograft model is the most widely used and may reproduce some of the histopathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis 3. However, the lack of an intact vasculature with no connection to the recipient's conducting airways, and incomplete pathologic features of obliterative bronchiolitis limit the utility of this model 4. Unlike transplantation of other solid organs, vascularized mouse lung transplants have only recently been reported by Okazaki and colleagues for the first time in 2007 5. Applying the basic principles of the rat lung transplant, our lab initiated the obliterative bronchiolitis model using minor histoincompatible antigen murine orthotopic single-left lung transplants which allows the further study of obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis6.

Obliterative bronchiolitis is the key impediment to the long-term survival of lung transplant recipients and the lack of a robust preclinical model precludes examining obliterative bronchiolitis immunopathogenesis. Unlike other solid organ transplants, vascularized mouse lung transplantation has only recently been developed. Here we show our independently developed obliterative bronchiolitis model after murine orthotopic single-lung transplantation.

Sviluppo di bronchiolite obliterante in un modello murino di trapianto polmonare ortotopico

Orthotopic lung transplantation in rats was first reported by Asimacopoulos and colleagues in 1971 1. Currently, this method is well accepted and ...

A Mouse Fetal Skin Model of Scarless Wound Repair

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs across species but is age dependent. The transition from a scarless to scarring phenotype occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy in humans and around embryonic day 18 (E18) in mice. However, this varies with the size of the wound with larger defects generating a scar at an earlier gestational age. The emergence of lineage tracing and other genetic tools in the mouse has opened promising new avenues for investigation of fetal scarless wound healing. However, given the inherently high rates of morbidity and premature uterine contraction associated with fetal surgery, investigations of fetal scarless wound healing in vivo require a precise and reproducible surgical model. Here we detail a reliable model of fetal scarless wound healing in the dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

During mammalian development, early gestational skin wounds heal without a scar. Here we detail a reliable and reproducible model of fetal scarless wound healing in the cutaneous dorsum of E16.5 (scarless) and E18.5 (scarring) mouse embryos.

Un Mouse fetale Modello Skin of Wound Repair scarless

Early in utero, but not in postnatal life, cutaneous wounds undergo regeneration and heal without formation of a scar. Scarless fetal wound healing occurs ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

Un ratto carotidea Pallone Lesioni modello per verificare Therapeutics ritocca Anti-vascolari

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the treatment of many hematopoietic diseases in humans, as their use offers stable transgene expression due to the vector&#39;s ability to integrate into the host genome. This method demonstrates the application of ex vivo gene therapy of hepatocytes to a large animal model of hereditary tyrosinemia type I. This process consists of 1) isolation of primary hepatocytes from the autologous donor/recipient animal, 2) ex vivo gene delivery via hepatocyte transduction with a lentiviral vector, and 3) autologous transplant of corrected hepatocytes via portal vein injection. Success of the method generally relies upon efficient and sterile removal of the liver resection, careful handling of the excised specimen for isolation of viable hepatocytes sufficient for re-engrafting, high-percentage transduction of the isolated cells, and aseptic surgical procedures throughout to prevent infection. Technical failure at any of these steps will result in low yield of viable transduced hepatocytes for autologous transplant or infection of the donor/recipient animal. The pig model of human type 1 hereditary tyrosinemia (HT-1) chosen for this approach is uniquely amenable to such a method, as even a small percentage of engraftment of corrected cells will lead to repopulation of the liver with healthy cells based on a powerful selective advantage over native-diseased hepatocytes. Although this growth selection will not be true for all indications, this approach is a foundation for expansion into other indications and allows for manipulation of this environment to address additional diseases, both within the liver and beyond, while controlling for exposure to viral vector and opportunity for off-target toxicity and tumorigenicity.

Lentiviral Vector-mediated Gene Therapy of Hepatocytes Ex Vivo for Autologous Transplantation in Swine

This protocol is intended to describe porcine hepatocyte isolation and ex vivo gene delivery to cure models of metabolic diseases via autologous cell transplantation. Although this particular model enjoys unique advantages that favor successful therapy, the application is a relevant foundation to address additional diseases and indications.

Lentivirali terapia genica mediata da vettore di epatociti Ex Vivo per trapianto autologo nei suini

Gene therapy is an ideal choice to cure many inborn errors of metabolism of the liver. Ex-vivo, lentiviral vectors have been used successfully in the ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Esame ecocardiografico transtoracico nel modello del coniglio

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation in a Non-human Primate Model for Degenerative Retinal Diseases

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These conditions include retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), such as geographic atrophy (GA). Together, these disorders represent a significant proportion of currently untreatable blindness globally. These unmet medical needs have generated heightened academic interest in developing methods of RPE replacement. Among the animal models commonly utilized for preclinical testing of therapeutics, the non-human primate (NHP) is the only animal model that has a macula. As it shares this anatomical similarity with the human eye, the NHP eye is an important and appropriate preclinical animal model for the development of advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) such as RPE cell therapy.
This manuscript describes a method for the submacular transplantation of an RPE monolayer, cultured on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) cell carrier, underneath the macula onto a surgically created RPE wound in immunosuppressed NHPs. The fovea-the central avascular portion of the macula-is the site of the greatest mechanical weakness during the transplantation. Foveal trauma will occur if the initial subretinal fluid injection generates an excessive force on the retina. Hence, slow injection under perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) vitreous tamponade is recommended with a dual-bore subretinal injection cannula at low intraocular pressure (IOP) settings to create a retinal bleb. 
Pretreatment with an intravitreal plasminogen injection to release parafoveal RPE-photoreceptor adhesions is also advised. These combined strategies can reduce the likelihood of foveal tears when compared to conventional techniques. The NHP is a key animal model in the preclinical phase of RPE cell therapy development. This protocol addresses the technical challenges associated with the delivery of RPE cellular therapy in the NHP eye.

The non-human primate (NHP) is an ideal model for studying human retinal cellular therapeutics due to the anatomical and genetic similarities. This manuscript describes a method for submacular transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial cells in the NHP eye and strategies to prevent intraoperative complications associated with macular manipulation.

Trapianto di epitelio pigmentato retinico in un modello di primati non umani per malattie degenerative della retina

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) transplantation holds great promise for the treatment of inherited and acquired retinal degenerative diseases. These ...

A Simplified Model for Heterotopic Heart Valve Transplantation in Rodents

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of transplant with the potential to deliver durable heart valves capable of somatic growth with no requirement for anticoagulation. However, the immunobiology of heart valve transplants remains unexplored, highlighting the need for animal models to study this new type of transplant. Previous rat models for heterotopic aortic valve transplantation into the abdominal aorta have been described, though they are technically challenging and costly. For addressing this challenge, a renal subcapsular transplant model was developed in rodents as a practical and more straightforward method for studying heart valve transplant immunobiology. In this model, a single aortic valve leaflet is harvested and inserted into the renal subcapsular space. The kidney is easily accessible, and the transplanted tissue is securely contained in a subcapsular space that is well vascularized and can accommodate a variety of tissue sizes. Furthermore, because a single rat can provide three donor aortic leaflets and a single kidney can provide multiple sites for transplanted tissue, fewer rats are required for a given study. Here, the transplantation technique is described, providing a significant step forward in studying the transplant immunology of heart valve transplantation.

This protocol describes a simple and efficient method for the transplantation of aortic valve leaflets under the renal capsule to allow for the study of alloreactivity of heart valves.

Un modello semplificato per il trapianto di valvole cardiache eterotopiche nei roditori

There is an urgent clinical need for heart valve replacements that can grow in children. Heart valve transplantation is proposed as a new type of ...

Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. However, lung transplantation is limited by a shortage of available donor organs. As such, there is high waitlist mortality. Ex situ lung perfusion (ESLP) has increased donor lung utilization rates in some centers by 15%-20%. ESLP has been applied as a method to assess and recondition marginal donor lungs and has demonstrated acceptable short- and long-term outcomes following transplantation of extended criteria donor (ECD) lungs. Large animal (in vivo) transplantation models are required to validate ongoing in vitro research findings. Anatomic and physiologic differences between humans and pigs pose significant technical and anesthetic challenges. An easily reproducible transplant model would permit the&#160;in vivo&#160;validation of current ESLP strategies and the preclinical evaluation of various interventions designed to improve donor lung function. This protocol describes a porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation. This includes anesthetic and surgical techniques, a customized surgical checklist, troubleshooting, modifications, and the benefits and limitations of the approach.

This protocol describes a juvenile porcine model of orthotopic left lung allotransplantation designed for use with ESLP research. Focus is made on anesthetic and surgical techniques, as well as critical steps and troubleshooting.

Trapianto ortotopico di polmone sinistro in un modello suino giovane per ESLP

Lung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease, with over 4,600 lung transplantations performed worldwide annually. ...

Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement from Autologous Pericardium with a Self-Expandable Nitinol Stent in an Adult Sheep Model

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow tract or bioprosthetic valve dysfunction, with excellent early and late clinical outcomes. However, clinical challenges such as stented heart valve deterioration, coronary occlusion, endocarditis, and other complications must be addressed for lifetime application, particularly in pediatric patients. To facilitate the development of a lifelong solution for patients, transcatheter autologous pulmonary valve replacement was performed in an adult sheep model. The autologous pericardium was harvested from the sheep via left anterolateral minithoracotomy under general anesthesia with ventilation. The pericardium was placed on a 3D shaping heart valve model for non-toxic cross-linking for 2 days and 21 h. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and angiography were performed to assess the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the native pulmonary valve (NPV). After trimming, the crosslinked pericardium was sewn onto a self-expandable Nitinol stent and crimped into a self-designed delivery system. The autologous pulmonary valve (APV) was implanted at the NPV position via left jugular vein catheterization. ICE and angiography were repeated to evaluate the position, morphology, function, and dimensions of the APV. An APV was successfully implanted in&#160;sheep J. In this paper, sheep J was selected to obtain representative results. A 30 mm APV with a Nitinol stent was accurately implanted at the NPV position without any significant hemodynamic change. There was no paravalvular leak, no new pulmonary valve insufficiency, or stented pulmonary valve migration. This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety, in a long-time follow-up, of developing an APV for implantation at the NPV position with a self-expandable Nitinol stent via jugular vein catheterization in an adult sheep model.

This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of developing an autologous pulmonary valve for implantation at the native pulmonary valve position by using a self-expandable Nitinol stent in an adult sheep model. This is a step toward developing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement for patients with right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction.

Sostituzione della valvola polmonare transcatetere dal pericardio autologo con uno stent Nitinol autoespandibile in un modello di pecora adulta

Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement has been established as a viable alternative approach for patients suffering from right ventricular outflow ...