Name: evaluation of the efficacy of the h. pylori protein hp-nap as a therapeutic tool for treatment of bladder cancer in an orthotopic murine model
Uploaded: 2015-05-29T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 12 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto da Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Ministero dell&#39;Università e della Ricerca italiano, progetti PRIN e Progetti di Ricerca di Ateneo, concedere N ° CPDA137871, Fondazione Cariplo, concedere N ° 2011-0485 per MdB, e Finanziamento Giovani Studiosi, Università di Padova, a Gaia Codolo.

Tutte le procedure per la movimentazione degli animali sono stati approvati dal Ministero della Salute italiano (204/2011-B DM). 1. Gli animali <ol><li> Grow C57BL6 / J topi femmina a 8 settimane di età in gabbie a ventilazione individuale con filtri microisolation. Nota: Le femmine sono preferiti perché la conformazione anatomica del loro apparato uro-genitale esterno rende la cateterizzazione più facile che nei maschi. </li></ol> Culture 2. Cella <ol><li> Mantenere il mouse uroteliale linea cellulare di carcinoma MB49 in RPMI 1640 supplementato con mezzo di siero bovino fetale inattivato al calore 10% e 50 ug / ml di gentamicina a 37 ° C in umidificata al 5% CO 2. </li><li> Crescere cellule MB49 in T-75 palloni al 80% di confluenza. Trypsinize e risospendere a 0.5 × 10 5-0,5 × 10 6 cellule per 150 ml di PBS prima dell&#39;impianto in topi. </li></ol> 3. intravescicale Tumore Implant <ol><li> Anestetizzare topi utilizzando una miscela del Zoletil anestetici e xylor (33 mg / kg e 20 mg / kg, rispettivamente), iniettata per via intraperitoneale. </li><li> Mettere gli animali in posizione supina e fissare le zampe posteriori per il pad con lo scotch. Zampe devono essere sufficientemente separati per rendere il meato ben visibile e facilmente accessibile per l&#39;inserimento del catetere uretrale. </li><li> Nota: per la cateterizzazione, un catetere venoso pediatrico 24 G è adatto per 8 a 10 settimane di età topi. La scelta del catetere è molto importante al fine di evitare infiltrazioni di liquidi tra la parete ed il catetere uretrale. Grandi cateteri calibro devono essere usati per i topi più grandi o più anziani. </li><li> Usando un piccolo pinza, un pizzico uno spigolo della parte esterna dell&#39;uretra e ruotarlo molto dolcemente verso il &quot;lato testa&quot; dei topi. Questa azione espone il meato uretrale. </li><li> Rimuovere l&#39;ago interno del catetere e inserire quest&#39;ultimo nell&#39;uretra con un angolo di 45 °, leggermente orientataverso la &quot;coda&quot; dei topi. Non forzare l&#39;ingresso del catetere; in caso di resistenza, basta ruotare il catetere molto delicatamente, fino a farlo scivolare all&#39;interno dell&#39;uretra. Quando circa 0.5-0.8 cm del catetere è nell&#39;uretra, posizionare accuratamente il catetere parallelo alla coda dei topi e inserirla completamente. </li><li> Usando una siringa da 1 ml, l&#39;ago che deve essere inserito nel catetere, lavare la vescica da urina residua iniettando 200-300 ml di PBS sterile e aspirare tutto il liquido dalla vescica. </li><li> Nota: Quando si somministra PBS, la vescica si riempirà e un gonfiore sarà visibile tra le zampe posteriori dei topi; Questo conferma che la cateterizzazione sia corretto. La maggior parte dei cateteri hanno un volume morto che deve essere considerato nel calcolo del volume di iniezione. </li><li> Usando una siringa sterile da 1 ml, iniettare 200 ml di 0,1 N HCl. Riempire la vescica al fine di bruciare tutta la sua parete. Dopo 10 secondi, rimuovere tutto l&#39;acido e neutrali subitoze iniettando 200 ml di 0,1 N NaOH con una siringa sterile. In caso di iniezione del maggior numero di cellule (0,5 x 10 6), la fase di acidificazione non è necessaria. </li><li> Aspirare tutto il liquido residuo e sciacquare immediatamente la cavità con 300 ml di PBS sterile. </li><li> Svuotare la vescica tramite aspirazione, e iniettare 150 ml di PBS contenenti cellule MB49 (range 0,5 × 10 5 - 0,5 x 10 6) nella vescica. Lasciare la siringa assemblata al catetere per evitare la fuoriuscita di cellule. E &#39;meglio per garantire la siringa fissandolo al pad con lo scotch. </li><li> Dopo 1 ora, estrarre delicatamente il catetere dall&#39;uretra, e posizionare i topi nella gabbia, sotto una lampada a incandescenza finché si svegliano: questo avviene di solito tra 1 e 2 ore dopo la fine del trattamento. </li></ol> 4. Consegna intravescicale di HP-NAP <ol><li> Nota: Almeno 3 giorni dopo instillazione cella, è possibile iniziare latrattamento. </li><li> Cateterizzare come descritto ai punti da 3.1 a 3.4. In questa fase, non è necessario per bruciare la parete della vescica con HCl. </li><li> Usando una siringa da 1 ml, lavare la vescica da urina residua iniettando 200-300 ml di PBS sterile e aspirare tutto il liquido dalla vescica. </li><li> Iniettare 50 mg di HP-NAP per 150 l di PBS nella vescica. Lasciare la siringa attaccata al catetere per evitare perdite della soluzione proteica. Fissare la siringa fissandolo al pad con lo scotch. </li><li> Dopo 1 ora, estrarre delicatamente il catetere dall&#39;uretra e posizionare i topi nella gabbia, sotto una lampada ad incandescenza, fino si svegliano. </li></ol> 5. tumorale espianti e analisi istologica <ol><li> Alla fine del trattamento, sacrificare gli animali, metterli in posizione supina e fissare le zampe posteriori per il pad con lo scotch. </li><li> Usando un bisturi chirurgico, fare un&#39;incisione verticale lunga circa 1,52 centimetri attraverso la pelle e laperitoneo, a partire proprio sopra genitali esterni alla &quot;testata&quot; dei topi. Per minimizzare il rischio di danneggiare la vescica, prestare particolare attenzione alla profondità del taglio. </li><li> La vescica sarà posizionato nel centro-sinistra del taglio e il tumore sarà visibile come una massa di colore rosa / viola scuro. Al momento della sua escissione, posizionare l&#39;intera vescica in una gabbia istologico e fissare nel 10% formalina tamponata prima inclusione in paraffina. </li><li> Per analisi istologiche e istochimiche immunitario, preparare sezioni seriali della vescica (46 micron di spessore) con un microtomo standard. </li><li> Macchiare le sezioni con ematossilina / eosina e procedere con il calcolo della dimensione del tumore (D xd 2) e determinando la percentuale di necrosi per area della sezione trasversale utilizzando un computer assistita analizzatore di immagini. </li><li> Per il conteggio nave, procedere colorazione delle sezioni per il marcatore endoteliale CD31 / PECAM, utilizzando una tecnica dell&#39;immunoperossidasi standard. Eseguire la scansione delle sezioni di unat bassa potenza (4 ×) per identificare la zona di massima densità vascolare. All&#39;interno di questa regione, contare i singoli microvasi in cinque campi aleatori separati ad alta potenza (20 ×). </li></ol>

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Gli autori dichiarano di non avere interessi finanziari in competizione.

La maggior parte dei progressi nella terapia del cancro richiede test su modelli animali prima di iniziare le sperimentazioni cliniche. La possibilità di studiare biologia tumorale in vivo, approfittando di modelli animali, rappresenta uno strumento fondamentale per i ricercatori che studiano patogenesi del cancro, consentendo la valutazione dei diversi approcci terapeutici. Modelli ortotopico rimangono il gold standard 14-15, sia per l&#39;enorme quantità di linee cellulari disponibili per imposta...

Il cancro della vescica è uno dei tumori più comuni del tratto urogenitale, con circa 75.000 nuovi casi ogni anno negli Stati Uniti 1. Alti tassi di recidiva richiedono un follow-up per tutta la vita, il che rende il cancro della vescica uno dei tumori più costoso da trattare. Il trattamento gold standard per l&#39;alta qualità NMIBC è la resezione trans-uretrale, seguita da immunoterapia intravescicale con BCG. Sebbene il meccanismo preciso della attività anti-tumorale di BCG rimane da chiarire, si ammette che l&#39;attivazione di una risposta immune cellulo-mediata arricchito in T helper (Th) 1 e T citotossici (Tc) 1 cellule è fondamentale per il successo della terapia 2. Nonostante il fatto che BCG rimane il trattamento di scelta per NMIBC, un&#39;alta percentuale di pazienti non rispondono alla terapia; inoltre può causare una serie di effetti collaterali: circa il 70% dei tumori trattati ripresentarsi dopo qualche tempo e ~ 15% di avanzamento al modulo muscolo-invasivo dellamalattia. Altri effetti indesiderati associati al trattamento con BCG comprendono disuria, cistiti e infezioni renali 3-6. Lo sviluppo di nuove strategie terapeutiche deve prendere in considerazione l&#39;uso di modelli preclinici, dopo valutazione iniziale in vitro; questo è particolarmente rilevante nei tumori le cui microambiente possono influenzare in modo significativo il loro sviluppo e la risposta al trattamento. Negli ultimi dieci anni, abbiamo affrontato molteplici aspetti dell&#39;attività immunomodulante di HP-NAP, una proteina prodotta dal batterio Helicobacter pylori, inizialmente identificato come in grado di promuovere l&#39;adesione endoteliale di cellule polimorfonucleati (PMN) 7. Strutturalmente, HP-NAP appartiene alla proteina-DNA protezione in condizioni di fame (Dps) famiglia 8 e si compone di 12 subunità identiche disposte in un guscio dodecameric. Abbiamo dimostrato che HP-NAP èun recettore Toll-like (TLR) 2 agonisti, con una forte attività immunomodulante responsabile per guidare la differenziazione dei linfociti T verso il fenotipo Th1, sia in vitro che in vivo 9-10. In virtù di tale attività, HP-NAP è in grado di reindirizzare la risposta immunitaria Th2 nella risposta Th1 più vantaggioso in un modello murino di asma allergica 11. Per valutare il potenziale anti-tumorale Th1-dipendente di HP-NAP, abbiamo approfittato di un modello murino di cancro alla vescica sviluppato diversi anni fa da O&#39;Donnel e colleghi 12 per valutare l&#39;impatto della gestione BCG. Con questo protocollo, dimostriamo che HP-NAP ha un forte potenziale antitumorale contro il cancro alla vescica e che l&#39;efficacia della somministrazione di HP-NAP parallelo l&#39;accumulo significativo, all&#39;interno dei nodi del tumore e linfonodi regionali, di entrambi i linfociti Th1 e Tc1 produzione di interferone ( IFN) -γ 13 </sup&gt;. Tumori isolati da topi HP-NAP-trattati hanno mostrato più di necrosi e meno vascolarizzazione rispetto alla controparte non trattato. La presente relazione fornisce un protocollo passo per passo, in dettaglio la preparazione degli animali, la cateterizzazione uretrale, la combustione chimica necessaria per il fissaggio delle cellule di mucosa vescicale, e l&#39;iniezione delle cellule tumorali. Noi descriviamo anche la somministrazione topica di HP-NAP che può essere considerato come un prototipo di agenti terapeutici sviluppati per il trattamento del cancro della vescica. Le prove ottenute confrontando i tumori isolati dal controllo e HP-NAP-animali trattati non solo sottolinea il fatto che HP-NAP potrebbe essere un buon candidato per l&#39;immunoterapia del cancro della vescica, ma anche l&#39;efficacia generale del set up sperimentale.

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">Materials</td></tr><tr><td>C57BL/6J female mice</td><td>Harlan Italy (Udine, Italy)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MB49 Cells</td><td></td><td></td><td>Obtained from Prof. O&#039;Donnel, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa, USA</td></tr><tr><td>RPMI</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA)</td><td>R8758</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F7524</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D1408</td><td>10X, to be diluted in apyrogenic water</td></tr><tr><td>Flask</td><td>Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA)</td><td>353135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe 1ml</td><td>Becton Dickinson</td><td>301358</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin</td><td>Life Technologies (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gentamycin</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>15710-049</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xilor</td><td>Bio 98 s.r.l. (Milano, Italy)</td><td></td><td>2% Xylazin</td></tr><tr><td>Zoletil</td><td>Virbac (Carros, France)</td><td>359713301992</td><td>5% Zolazepam + 5% Tiletamine</td></tr><tr><td>24G Catheter</td><td>Terumo (Rome, Italy)</td><td>SR+DM2419PX</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HCl</td><td>Carlo Erba Reagents (Milano, Italy)</td><td>403871</td><td>Liquid</td></tr><tr><td>NaOH</td><td>JT Baker (Center Valley, Pennsylvania, USA)</td><td>10095011</td><td>Powder</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Equipment</td></tr><tr><td>Surgical Scalpel</td><td>Albion Surgical Limited (Sheffield, England)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microtome</td><td>Leica Microsystem ( Wetzlar, Germany)</td><td>RM2235</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope Slides</td><td>VWR International (Radnor, Pennsylvania, USA)</td><td>631-0108</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Image Analyzer</td><td>Zeiss (Jena, Germany)</td><td>Cyres System</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

evaluation of the efficacy of the h. pylori protein hp-nap as a therapeutic tool for treatment of bladder cancer in an orthotopic murine model

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urogenital tract. Intravesical injection of Bacillus Calmette-Gu&#233;rin (BCG) is the gold standard treatment for the high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, since the treatment-related side effects are relevant, newer biological response modifiers with a better benefit/side effects ratio are needed.
The tumour microenvironment can influence both tumour development and therapy efficacy. In order to obtain a good model, it is desirable to implant tumour cells in the organ from which the cancer originates.
In this protocol, we describe a method for establishing a tumour in the bladder cavity of female mice and subsequent delivery of therapeutic agents; the latter are exemplified by our use of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein (HP-NAP). A preliminary chemical burn of the mucosa, followed by the injection of mouse urothelial carcinoma cell line MB49 via urethral catheterization, enables the cells to attach to the bladder mucosa. After a period, required to allow an initial proliferation of the cells, mice are treated with HP-NAP, administrated again via catheterization. The anti-tumour activity of HP-NAP is evaluated comparing the tumour volume, the extent of necrosis and the degree of vascularization between vehicle- and HP-NAP-treated animals.

La Figura 1 mostra la tecnica di cateterizzazione; il mouse è cateterizzato e instillato con 0,5 × 10 6 MB49 cellule. Il trattamento con HP-NAP è iniziato 3 giorni dopo l&#39;iniezione di cellule tumorali, per consentire loro di attaccare alla parete della vescica e proliferare. Tutti gli animali appartenenti al gruppo di controllo sviluppano tumore; alcuni di essi possono morire prima della fine del periodo di 13 giorno a causa dell&#39;occlusione dell&#39;uretra. <p class="jove_conte...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model at JoVE.com

Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model

Here the method to establish a syngeneic mouse model of orthotopic bladder tumour to evaluate the anti-tumour efficacy of the bacterial protein HP-NAP is described.

Valutazione dell&#39;efficacia della<em&gt; H. pylori</em&gt; Proteine ​​HP-NAP come strumento terapeutico per il trattamento del cancro della vescica in un ortotopico Modello murino

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the urogenital tract. Intravesical injection of Bacillus Calmette-Gu&#233;rin (BCG) is the gold ...

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model

7.2K Views.  University of Padua. Here the method to establish a syngeneic mouse model of orthotopic bladder tumour to evaluate the anti-tumour efficacy of the bacterial protein HP-NAP is described.

Video: Evaluation of the Efficacy of the H. pylori Protein HP-NAP as a Therapeutic Tool for Treatment of Bladder Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model

A Murine Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and Tumor Detection System

This protocol describes the generation of bladder tumors in female C57BL/6J mice using the murine bladder cancer cell line MB49, which has been modified to secrete human Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), and the procedure for the confirmation of tumor implantation. In brief, mice are anesthetized using injectable drugs and are made to lay in the dorsal position. Urine is vacated from the bladder and 50 &#181;L of poly-L-lysine (PLL) is slowly instilled at a rate of 10 &#181;L/20 s using a 24 G IV catheter. It is left in the bladder for 20 min by stoppering the catheter. The catheter is removed and PLL is vacated by gentle pressure on the bladder. This is followed by instillation of the murine bladder cancer cell line (1 x 105 cells/50 &#181;L) at a rate of 10 &#181;L/20 s. The catheter is stoppered to prevent premature evacuation. After 1 h, the mice are revived with a reversal drug, and the bladder is vacated. The slow instillation rate is important, as it reduces vesico-ureteral reflux, which can cause tumors to occur in the upper urinary tract and in the kidneys. The cell line should be well re-suspended to reduce clumping of cells, as this can lead to uneven tumor sizes after implantation.
This technique induces tumors with high efficiency. Tumor growth is monitored by urinary PSA secretion. PSA marker monitoring is more reliable than ultrasound or fluorescence imaging for the detection of the presence of tumors in the bladder. Tumors in mice generally reach a maximum size that negatively impacts health by about 3 - 4 weeks if left untreated. By monitoring tumor growth, it is possible to differentiate mice that were cured from those that were not successfully implanted with tumors. With only end-point analysis, the latter may be mistakenly assumed to have been cured by therapy.

This protocol describes the generation of murine orthotopic bladder tumors in female C57BL/6J mice and the monitoring of tumor growth.

Un tumore modello murino ortotopico della vescica e del tumore Detection System

This protocol describes the generation of bladder tumors in female C57BL/6J mice using the murine bladder cancer cell line MB49, which has been modified ...

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Mouse Bladder Wall Injection

Mouse bladder wall injection is a useful technique to orthotopically study bladder phenomena, including stem cell, smooth muscle, and cancer biology. Before starting injections, the surgical area must be cleaned with soap and water and antiseptic solution. Surgical equipment must be sterilized before use and between each animal. Each mouse is placed under inhaled isoflurane anesthesia (2-5% for induction, 1-3% for maintenance) and its bladder exposed by making a midline abdominal incision with scissors. If the bladder is full, it is partially decompressed by gentle squeezing between two fingers. The cell suspension of interest is intramurally injected into the wall of the bladder dome using a 29 or 30 gauge needle and 1 cc or smaller syringe. The wound is then closed using wound clips and the mouse allowed to recover on a warming pad. Bladder wall injection is a delicate microsurgical technique that can be mastered with practice.

Mouse bladder wall injection is a useful approach to orthotopically study bladder stem cell and cancer biology. This delicate microsurgical method can be mastered with careful technique and practice.

Topo iniezione parete della vescica

Mouse bladder wall injection is a useful technique to orthotopically study bladder phenomena, including stem cell, smooth muscle, and cancer biology. ...

Medicina

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors

Murine bladder tumor models are critical for the evaluation of new therapeutic options. Bladder tumors induced with the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) carcinogen are advantageous over cell line-based models because they closely replicate the genomic profiles of human tumors, and, unlike cell models and xenografts, they provide a good opportunity for the study of immunotherapies. However, bladder tumor generation is heterogeneous; therefore, an accurate assessment of tumor burden is needed before randomization to experimental treatment. Described here is a BBN mouse model and protocol to evaluate bladder cancer tumor burden in vivo using a fast and reliable magnetic resonance (MR) sequence (true FISP). This method is simple and reliable because, unlike ultrasound, MR is operator-independent and allows for the straightforward post-acquisition image processing and review. Using axial images of the bladder, analysis of regions of interest along the bladder wall and tumor allow for the calculation of bladder wall and tumor area. This measurement correlates with ex vivo bladder weight (rs= 0.37, p = 0.009) and tumor stage (p = 0.0003). In conclusion, BBN generates heterogeneous tumors that are ideal for evaluation of immunotherapies, and MRI can quickly and reliably assess tumor burden prior to randomization to experimental treatment arms.

Murine bladder tumors are induced with the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine carcinogen (BBN). Bladder tumor generation is heterogeneous; therefore, an accurate assessment of tumor burden is needed before randomization to experimental treatment. Here we present a fast, reliable MRI protocol to assess tumor size and stage.

La formazione immagine a risonanza magnetica valutazione dei tumori della vescica murino indotto da agente

Murine bladder tumor models are critical for the evaluation of new therapeutic options. Bladder tumors induced with the N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) ...

An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment

We present a novel method for treating bladder cancer with intravesically delivered small activating RNA (saRNA) in an orthotopic xenograft mouse bladder tumor model. The mouse model is established by urethral catheterization under inhaled general anesthetic. Chemical burn is then introduced to the bladder mucosa using intravesical silver nitrate solution to disrupt the bladder glycosaminoglycan layer and allows cells to attach. Following several washes with sterile water, human bladder cancer KU-7-luc2-GFP cells are instilled through the catheter into the bladder to dwell for 2 hours. Subsequent growth of bladder tumors is confirmed and monitored by in vivo bladder ultrasound and bioluminescent imaging. The tumors are then treated intravesically with saRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Tumor growth is monitored with ultrasound and bioluminescence. All steps of this procedure are demonstrated in the accompanying video.

Establishing an orthotopic bladder tumor model to evaluate antitumor effects of intravesically delivered saRNA and monitoring tumor growth by ultrasound and bioluminescent imaging.

Un modello ortotopico tumore della vescica e la valutazione del trattamento intravescicale sarna

We present a novel method for treating bladder cancer with intravesically delivered small activating RNA (saRNA) in an orthotopic xenograft mouse bladder ...

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urogenital tract and novel therapeutic approaches that can reduce recurrence and progression are needed. The tumor microenvironment can significantly influence tumor development and therapy response. It is therefore often desirable to grow tumor cells in the organ from which they originated. This protocol describes an orthotopic model of bladder cancer, in which MB49 murine bladder carcinoma cells are instilled into the bladder via catheterization. Successful tumor cell implantation in this model requires disruption of the protective glycosaminoglycan layer, which can be accomplished by physical or chemical means. In our protocol the bladder is treated with trypsin prior to cell instillation. Catheterization of the bladder can also be used to deliver therapeutics once the tumors are established. This protocol describes the delivery of an adenoviral construct that expresses a luciferase reporter gene. While our protocol has been optimized for short-term studies and focuses on gene delivery, the methodology of mouse bladder catheterization has broad applications.

Implantation of cancer cells into the organ of origin can serve as a useful preclinical model to evaluate novel therapies. MB49 bladder carcinoma cells can be grown within the bladder following intravesical instillation. This protocol demonstrates catheterization of the mouse bladder for the purpose of tumor implantation and adenoviral delivery.

Un ortotopico cancro della vescica Modello di Gene Studi di consegna

Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the urogenital tract and novel therapeutic approaches that can reduce recurrence and progression are ...

Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1&#945; Nanoparticles

Cytokine therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy that can produce robust antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1&#945;) has been evaluated as an anticancer agent in several preclinical and clinical studies. However, dose-limiting toxicities, including flu-like symptoms and hypotension, have dampened the enthusiasm for this therapeutic strategy. Polyanhydride nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery of IL-1&#945; would represent an effective approach in this context since this may allow for a slow and controlled release of IL-1&#945; systemically while reducing toxic side effects. Here an analysis of the antitumor activity of IL-1&#945;-loaded polyanhydride NPs in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) syngeneic mouse model is described. Murine oropharyngeal epithelial cells stably expressing HPV16 E6/E7 together with hRAS and luciferase (mEERL) cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of C57BL/6J mice. Once tumors reached 3-4 mm in any direction, a 1.5% IL-1a - loaded 20:80 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane:1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPTEG: CPH) nanoparticle (IL-1&#945;-NP) formulation was administered to mice intraperitoneally. Tumor size and body weight were continuously measured until tumor size or weight loss reached euthanasia criteria. Blood samples were taken to evaluate antitumor immune responses by submandibular venipuncture, and inflammatory cytokines were measured through cytokine multiplex assays. Tumor and inguinal lymph nodes were resected and homogenized into a single-cell suspension to analyze various immune cells through multicolor flow cytometry. These standard methods will allow investigators to study the antitumor immune response and potential mechanism of immunostimulatory NPs and other immunotherapy agents for cancer treatment.

Evaluation of the In vivo Antitumor Activity of Polyanhydride IL-1&#945; Nanoparticles

A standard protocol is described to study the antitumor activity and associated toxicity of IL-1&#945; in a syngeneic mouse model of HNSCC.

Valutazione dell'attività antitumorale in vivo di nanoparticelle di polianidride IL-1α

Cytokine therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy that can produce robust antitumor immune responses in cancer patients. The proinflammatory ...

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice:  A Model for Immunotherapy Development

A preclinical model of invasive bladder cancer was developed in human mucin 1 (MUC1) transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mice for the purpose of evaluating immunotherapy and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy. To induce bladder cancer, C57BL/6 mice (MUC1.Tg and wild type) were treated orally with the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN) at 3.0 mg/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. To assess the effects of OH-BBN on serum cytokine profile during tumor development, whole blood was collected via submandibular bleeds prior to treatment and every four weeks. In addition, a MUC1-targeted peptide vaccine and placebo were administered to groups of mice weekly for eight weeks. Multiplex fluorometric microbead immunoanalyses of serum cytokines during tumor development and following vaccination were performed. At termination, interferon gamma (IFN-&#947;)/interleukin-4 (IL-4) ELISpot analysis for MUC1 specific T-cell immune response and histopathological evaluations of tumor type and grade were performed. The results showed that: (1) the incidence of bladder cancer in both MUC1.Tg and wild type mice was 67%; (2) transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) developed at a 2:1 ratio compared to squamous cell carcinomas (SCC); (3) inflammatory cytokines increased with time during tumor development; and (4) administration of the peptide vaccine induces a Th1-polarized serum cytokine profile and a MUC1 specific T-cell response. All tumors in MUC1.Tg mice were positive for MUC1 expression, and half of all tumors in MUC1.Tg and wild type mice were invasive. In conclusion, using a team approach through the coordination of the efforts of pharmacologists, immunologists, pathologists and molecular biologists, we have developed an immune intact transgenic mouse model of bladder cancer that expresses hMUC1.

An N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced bladder cancer model was developed in human mucin 1 (MUC1) transgenic mice for the purpose of testing MUC1-directed immunotherapy. After administering a MUC1-targeted peptide vaccine, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to MUC1 was confirmed by measuring serum cytokine levels and T-cell specific activity.

Induzione di Invasive Transitional cellulare Bladder Carcinoma in immunitario intatto umani MUC1 topi transgenici: un modello di sviluppo Immunoterapia

A preclinical model of invasive bladder cancer was developed in human mucin 1 (MUC1) transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mice for the purpose of evaluating immunotherapy ...

One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation by activating several innate leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells. The immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP make it a potential diagnostic and vaccine candidate for H. pylori and a new drug candidate for cancer therapy. In order to obtain substantial quantities of purified HP-NAP used for its clinical applications, an efficient method to purify this protein with high yield and purity needs to be established.
In this protocol, we have described a method for one-step negative chromatographic purification of recombinant HP-NAP overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) by using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange resins (e.g., Sephadex) in batch mode. Recombinant HP-NAP constitutes nearly 70% of the total protein in E. coli and is almost fully recovered in the soluble fraction upon cell lysis at pH 9.0. Under the optimal condition at pH 8.0, the majority of HP-NAP is recovered in the unbound fraction while the endogenous proteins from E. coli are efficiently removed by the resin.
This purification method using negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE ion-exchange resins yields functional HP-NAP from E. coli in its native form with high yield and purity. The purified HP-NAP could be further utilized for the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of H. pylori-associated diseases as well as cancer therapy.

One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode

A high yield method for one-step negative purification of recombinant Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) overexpressed in Escherichia coli by using diethylaminoethyl resins in batch mode is described. HP-NAP purified by this method is beneficial for the development of vaccines, drugs, or diagnostics for H. pylori-associated diseases.

Un passo negativo cromatografica Purificazione di<em&gt; Helicobacter pylori</em&gt; Neutrofili-attivazione della proteina sovraespresso in<em&gt; Escherichia coli</em&gt; In modalità batch

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. ...

Immunologia e infezioni

Establishing a Murine Superficial Bladder Cancer Model via an Intravesical Cell Administration Technique

This study presents an innovative method for establishing an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model with high efficiency and precise tumor localization. After anesthetizing female C57BL/6J mice in a supine position, a 24 G intravenous needle is inserted into the bladder to evacuate its contents. A 34 G dispensing needle is then introduced through the catheter, rotated five times to create a focal injury to the bladder dome mucosa, and subsequently removed. The MB49 cell suspension is aspirated and connected to a 30 G dispensing needle, which is inserted into the bladder via the catheter. Tumor cells are injected submucosally into the bladder under pressure. This technique results in minimal trauma to the mice, a high tumor take rate, and a fixed tumor location. It is characterized by simplicity and excellent reproducibility. This model provides an ideal experimental platform for developing intravesical therapies for bladder cancer, facilitating the advancement and optimization of treatment strategies for this malignancy.

This protocol describes a unique method for constructing an orthotopic model of superficial bladder cancer.

This study presents an innovative method for establishing an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model with high efficiency and precise tumor localization. ...

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that is present in half of the global population and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Several mouse models of gastric Helicobacter infection have been developed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms whereby H. pylori bacteria colonize the stomach of human hosts and cause disease. Herein, we describe protocols to: 1) prepare bacterial suspensions for the in vivo infection of mice via intragastric gavage; 2) determine bacterial colonization levels in mouse gastric tissues, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viable counting; and 3) assess pathological changes, by histology. To establish Helicobacter infection in mice, specific pathogen-free (SPF) animals are first inoculated with suspensions (containing &#8805;105 colony-forming units, CFUs) of mouse-colonizing strains of either Helicobacter pylori or other gastric Helicobacter spp. from animals, such as Helicobacter felis. At the appropriate time-points post-infection, stomachs are excised and dissected sagittally into two equal tissue fragments, each comprising the antrum and body regions. One of these fragments is then used for either viable counting or DNA extraction, while the other is subjected to histological processing. Bacterial colonization and histopathological changes in the stomach may be assessed routinely in gastric tissue sections stained with Warthin-Starry, Giemsa or Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&#38;E) stains, as appropriate. Additional immunological analyses may also be undertaken by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence on mouse gastric tissue sections. The protocols described below are specifically designed to enable the assessment in mice of gastric pathologies resembling those in human-related H. pylori diseases, including inflammation, gland atrophy and lymphoid follicle formation. The inoculum preparation and intragastric gavage protocols may also be adapted to study the pathogenesis of other enteric human pathogens that colonize mice, such as Salmonella Typhimurium or Citrobacter rodentium.

Mouse Models Of Helicobacter Infection And Gastric Pathologies

Mice represent an invaluable in vivo model to study infection and diseases caused by gastrointestinal microorganisms. Here, we describe the methods used to study bacterial colonization and histopathological changes in mouse models of Helicobacter pylori-related disease.

Modelli murini di patologie gastriche e infezione da Helicobacter

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that is present in half of the global population and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in ...

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