Name: electroactive polymer nanoparticles exhibiting photothermal properties
Uploaded: 2016-01-08T14:00:01.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 16 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato finanziato in parte dal Texas Emerging Technology Fund (Avvio a TB), l&#39;Università Statale di Ricerca Enhancement Programma Texas, il Texas State University di dottorato di ricerca Fellowship (TC), il Partenariato NSF di Ricerca e Formazione sui Materiali (PREM, DMR-1205670), la Fondazione Welch (AI-0045), e National Institutes of Health (R01CA032132).

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	<li>Irvin, J., Irvin, D., Stenger-Smith, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrically+active+polymers+for+use+in+batteries+and+supercapacitors.">Electrically active polymers for use in batteries and supercapacitors.</a> Handbook of Conducting Polymers. , (2007).</li><li>Amb, C. M., Dyer, A. L., Reynolds, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Navigating+the+color+palette+of+solution-processable+electrochromic+polymers.">Navigating the color palette of solution-processable electrochromic polymers.</a> Chemistry of Materials. 23 (3), 397-415 (2011).</li><li>Beaujuge, P. M., Reynolds, J. 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The authors have nothing to disclose.

In questo lavoro, NP polimeri elettroattivi sono stati sintetizzati come potenziali agenti PTT per il trattamento del cancro. La preparazione delle nanoparticelle è descritta, iniziando con la sintesi di monomeri seguita da polimerizzazione in emulsione. Mentre la preparazione di polimeri elettroattivi NP utilizzando come EDOT e pirrolo è stato descritto in precedenza, questo documento descrive la preparazione di nanoparticelle polimeriche iniziano uniche monomeri coniugazione estese, dimostrando che questo processo p...

Polimeri elettroattivi modificano le loro proprietà (colore, conducibilità, reattività, volumi, ecc) in presenza di un campo elettrico. I tempi di commutazione rapidi, tunability, durata e caratteristiche di leggerezza dei polimeri elettroattivi hanno portato a numerose applicazioni proposte, compresa l&#39;energia alternativa, i sensori, Electrochromics e dispositivi biomedici. Polimeri elettroattivi sono potenzialmente utili come flessibili, leggeri batteria e condensatore elettrodi. 1 Applicazioni di polimeri elettroattivi in dispositivi elettrocromici includono i sistemi di riduzione del riverbero per edifici e automobili, occhiali da sole, occhiali protettivi, dispositivi di archiviazione ottica e tessuti intelligenti. 2-5 finestre intelligenti possono ridurre il fabbisogno energetico bloccando specifiche lunghezze d&#39;onda della luce on-demand e la protezione interni di case e automobili. Tessuti intelligenti possono essere utilizzati in abbigliamento per aiutare a proteggere contro le radiazioni UV. 6 polimeri elettroattivi hanno also iniziato ad essere utilizzato in dispositivi medici. Tra i polimeri elettroattivi utilizzati nei dispositivi biomedici, polipirrolo (PpY), polianilina (PANI), e poli (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) sono tra i più comuni. Ad esempio, questi tipi di polimeri sono comunemente usati come trasduttori a dispositivi biosensori 7 Applicazioni in consegna terapeutico hanno mostrato risultati promettenti.; Studi hanno dimostrato il rilascio di farmaci e proteine ​​terapeutiche da dispositivi preparati polimeri elettroattivi. 8-12 Più recentemente, i polimeri elettroattivi sono stati utilizzati come agenti terapeutici nella terapia fototermica. 13-15 Nella terapia fototermica, agenti fototermiche devono assorbire la luce nel prossimo -Infrared (NIR) regione (~ 700-900 nm), noto anche come la finestra terapeutica, dove la luce ha la profondità massima di penetrazione nei tessuti, tipicamente fino a 1 cm. 16,17 In questa gamma, cromofori biologici come emoglobina , emoglobina ossigenata, lipidi, e l&#39;acqua hanno poco-a-noassorbanza, che permette alla luce di penetrare facilmente. Quando gli agenti fototermiche assorbono la luce in questa finestra terapeutica, il photoenergy viene convertita in energia fototermica. Irvin e collaboratori hanno già riportato alcossi-sostituito bis-Edot monomeri benzene che sono stati sintetizzati mediante accoppiamento Negishi. 18 accoppiamento Negishi è un metodo preferito per la formazione di legami carbonio-carbonio. Questo processo ha molti vantaggi, compreso l&#39;uso di intermedi organozinco, che sono meno tossici e tendono ad avere una maggiore reattività rispetto ad altri composti organometallici utilizzati. 19,20 composti organozinco sono compatibili con una vasta gamma di gruppi funzionali sulle alogenuri organici. 20 Nel reazione di accoppiamento Negishi, un organohalide e organometallico sono accoppiati tramite l&#39;uso di palladio (0) catalizzatore. 20 Nel lavoro qui presentato, questo metodo di accoppiamento incrociato è utilizzato nella sintesi di 1,4-dialcossi-2,5-bis ( 3,4-ethylenedioxythienyl) benzeNE (BEDOT-B (OR) 2) monomeri. Questi monomeri possono essere facilmente polimerizzati elettrochimicamente o chimicamente per produrre polimeri che sono candidati promettenti per applicazioni biomediche. I metodi convenzionali per la preparazione di sospensioni colloidali polimeriche in soluzione acquosa per applicazioni biomediche tipicamente coinvolgono la dissoluzione dei polimeri sfusi seguita da nanoprecipitation o emulsione solvente tecniche di evaporazione. 21,22 Per produrre nanoparticelle di poli (BEDOT-B (OR) 2) , un approccio bottom-up è dimostrato qui dove sono sintetizzate le NP via in situ polimerizzazione in emulsione. Polimerizzazione in emulsione è un processo che è facilmente scalabile ed è un metodo relativamente veloce per la preparazione NP. 22 Studi con polimerizzazione in emulsione per produrre nanoparticelle di polimeri elettroattivi altri sono stati riportati per PpY e PEDOT. 15,23,24 PEDOT NP, per esempio, è stato redatto utilizzando emulsione a spruzzo polymerization. 24 Questo metodo è difficile da riprodurre, e produce in genere, le particelle di micron di dimensioni più grandi. Il protocollo descritto in questo articolo esplora l&#39;uso di un metodo drop-sonicazione per preparare riproducibile 100 nm NP polimeriche. In questo protocollo, i polimeri elettroattivi su misura per assorbire la luce nella regione NIR simile a poli riportato in precedenza (BEDOT-B (OR) 2) sono sintetizzati e caratterizzati per dimostrare il loro potenziale in dispositivi elettrocromici e come agenti PTT. In primo luogo, il protocollo per la sintesi dei monomeri mediante accoppiamento Negishi è descritto. I monomeri sono caratterizzati usando spettroscopia NMR e UV-Vis-NIR. La preparazione di sospensioni colloidali NP via ossidativa emulsione polimerizzazione in ambiente acquoso è anche descritto. La procedura si basa su un processo di polimerizzazione in emulsione a due fasi precedentemente descritto da Han et al. Che viene applicato ai vari monomeri. Un sistema a due tensioattivo èutilizzato per controllare il monodispersity NP. Un test vitalità cellulare viene utilizzato per valutare citocompatibilità delle NP. Infine, il potenziale di questi NP per agire come trasduttori PTT è dimostrata mediante irraggiamento con un laser NIR.

<table><tbody><tr><td>2 mm diameter platinum working electrode</td><td>CH Instruments</td><td>CH102</td><td>Polished using very fine sandpaper</td></tr><tr><td>3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>483028</td><td>Purified by vacuum distillation</td></tr><tr><td>3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) 98%</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>L11939</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>505 Sonic Dismembrator</td><td>Fisher Scientific&amp;trade;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>FB505110</td><td>1/8&amp;ldquo; tip and rated at 500&amp;nbsp;watts</td></tr><tr><td>808 nm laser diode</td><td>ThorLabs</td><td>L808P1WJ</td><td>Rated at 1 W</td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile anhydrous 99%</td><td>Acros</td><td>61022-0010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Avanti J-26 XPI</td><td>Beckman Coulter</td><td>393127</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bromohexane 98%</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>202323</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dialysis (100,000) MWCO</td><td>SpectrumLabs</td><td>G235071</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dimethyl sulfoxide 99% (DMSO)</td><td>BDH</td><td>BDH1115</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dimethylformamide anhydrous (DMF) 99%</td><td>Acros</td><td>326870010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBSA)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TCI</td><td>D0989</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dulbecco&amp;rsquo;s modified eagle medium (DMEM)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Corning</td><td>10-013 CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EMS 150 TES sputter coater</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol (EtOH) 100%</td><td>BDH</td><td>BDH1156</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ethyl 4-bromobutyrate (98%)</td><td>Acros</td><td>173551000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl acetate 99%</td><td>Fisher</td><td>UN1173</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td><td>Corning</td><td>35-010-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Helios NanoLab 400</td><td>FEI</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hexane</td><td>Fisher</td><td>H306-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A142-212</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydroquinone 99.5%</td><td>Acros</td><td>120915000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrozine anhydrous 98%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>215155</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated galss</td><td>Delta Technologies</td><td>CG-41IN-CUV</td><td>4-8 &amp;Omega;/sq</td></tr><tr><td>Iron chloride 97% FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>157740</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Magnesium sulfate (MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Fisher</td><td>593295</td><td>Dried at 100 &amp;#176;C</td></tr><tr><td>SKOV-3</td><td>ATCC</td><td>HTB-26</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>BDH</td><td>BHD1135</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>n-Butlithium (2.5 M)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>230707</td><td>Pyrophoric</td></tr><tr><td>Poly(styrenesulfonate-co-malic acid) (PSS-co-MA) 20,000 MW</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>434566</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium carbonate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>209619</td><td>Dried at 100 &amp;#176;C</td></tr><tr><td>Potassium hydroxide</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>A18854</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium iodide</td><td>Fisher</td><td>P410-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RO-5 stirplate</td><td>IKA-Werke</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SC4000 IR camera</td><td>FLIR</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Synergy H4 Hybrid Reader</td><td>Biotek</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) 99%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>3579274</td><td>Purified by recrystallization in ethyl acetate</td></tr><tr><td>Tetrahydrofuran anhydrous (THF) 99%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>401757</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>216666</td><td>Moisture sensitive</td></tr><tr><td>Thermomixer</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>USB potentiostat/galvanostat</td><td>WaveNow</td><td>AFTP1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zetasizer Nano Zs</td><td>Malvern</td><td></td><td>Optical Arrangment 175&amp;#176;</td></tr><tr><td>Zinc chloride (1 M) ZnCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Acros</td><td>370057000</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

electroactive polymer nanoparticles exhibiting photothermal properties

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step process that finishes with Negishi coupling. Negishi coupling is a cross-coupling process in which a chemical precursor is first lithiated, followed by transmetallation with ZnCl2. The resultant organozinc compound can be coupled to a dibrominated aromatic precursor to give the conjugated monomer. Polymer films can be prepared via electropolymerization of the monomer and characterized using cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared via emulsion polymerization of the monomer using a two-surfactant system to yield an aqueous dispersion of the polymer NPs. The NPs are characterized using dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and UV-Vis-NIR-spectroscopy. Cytocompatibility of NPs is investigated using the cell viability assay. Finally, the NP suspensions are irradiated with a NIR laser to determine their effectiveness as potential materials for photothermal therapy (PTT).

Il protocollo di reazione cedevole M1 e M2 è mostrato in Figura 1. I monomeri possono essere caratterizzati da 1 H e 13 C NMR spettroscopia, punto di fusione, ed analisi elementare. Lo spettro NMR 1 H fornisce informazioni per quanto riguarda la connettività degli atomi e dei loro ambienti elettronici; in tal modo, viene utilizzato di routine per verificare che le reazioni sono state completate con successo. Reazioni di...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties at JoVE.com

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

A protocol is presented for the synthesis and preparation of nanoparticles consisting of electroactive polymers.

Proprietà elettroattivo Polymer Nanoparticelle Esporre fototermiche

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step ...

electroactive-polymer-nanoparticles-exhibiting-photothermal-properties

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

13.7K Views.  Texas State University. A protocol is presented for the synthesis and preparation of nanoparticles consisting of electroactive polymers. 

Video: Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

A 'Plug and Play' Method to Create Water-dispersible Nanoassemblies Containing an Amphiphilic Polymer, Organic Dyes and Upconverting Nanoparticles

In this protocol, we first describe a procedure to synthesize lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We then demonstrate how to generate amphiphilic polymers in situ, and describe a protocol to encapsulate the prepared UCNPs and different organic dye molecules (porphyrins and diarylethenes) using polymer shells to form stable water-dispersible nanoassemblies. The nanoassembly samples containing both the UCNPs and the diarylethene organic dyes have interesting photochemical and photophysical properties. Upon 365 nm UV irradiation, the diarylethene group undergoes a visual color change. When the samples are irradiated with visible light of another specific wavelength, the color fades and the samples return to the initial colorless state. The samples also emit visible light from the UCNPs upon irradiation with 980 nm near-infrared light. The emission intensity of the samples can be tuned through alternate irradiation with UV and visible light. Modulation of fluorescence can be performed for many cycles without observable degradation of the samples. This versatile encapsulation procedure allows for the transfer of hydrophobic molecules and nanoparticles from an organic solvent to an aqueous medium. The polymer helps to maintain a lipid-like microenvironment for the organic molecules to aid in preservation of their photochemical behavior in water. Thus this method is ideal to prepare water-dispersible photoresponsive systems. The use of near-infrared light to activate upconverting nanoparticles allows for lower energy light to be used to activate photoreactions instead of more harmful ultraviolet light.

Organic dye molecules and oleic acid coated upconverting nanoparticles are not water-soluble. This protocol describes a &#8216;plug and play&#8217; method that enables the transfer of organic dye molecules and upconverting particles from their initial hydrophobic solvent to water.

Un metodo &#39;Plug and Play&#39; per creare Nanoassemblies acqua dispersibile contenenti un polimero Amphiphilic, coloranti organici e Upconverting nanoparticelle

In this protocol, we first describe a procedure to synthesize lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). We then demonstrate how to generate ...

Ricerca

Chimica

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is reported. The nanoparticles are formed by hydrophobic interaction of the semiconducting polymer MEH-PPV (poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]) with the fullerene PCBM (phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) in the presence of a non-compatible solvent. MEH-PPV has a high extinction coefficient that leads to high rates of triplet formation, and efficient charge and energy transfer to the fullerene PCBM. The latter processes enhance the efficiency of the PDT system through fullerene assisted triplet and radical formation, and ultrafast deactivation of MEH-PPV excited stated. The results reported here show that this nanoparticle PDT sensitizing system is highly effective and shows unexpected specificity to cancer cell lines.

This protocol describes a method for the fabrication of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene. These nanoparticles were investigated for their potential use as a next generation photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).

Terapia fotodinamica con Blended Condurre Polimero / Fullerene nanoparticelle fotosensibilizzanti

In this article a method for the fabrication and reproducible in-vitro evaluation of conducting polymer nanoparticles blended with fullerene as the next ...

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

Multifunzionale ibrida Fe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; -Au Nanoparticelle per un efficiente riscaldamento plasmoniche

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

Ingegneria

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins with the synthesis of a hydrophilic poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) homopolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Under mild visible light irradiation (&#955; = 460 nm, 0.7 mW/cm2), this macro-chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) in the presence of a ruthenium based photoredox catalyst, Ru(bpy)3Cl2 can be chain extended with a second monomer to form a well-defined block copolymer in a process known as Photoinduced Electron Transfer RAFT (PET-RAFT). When PET-RAFT is used to chain extend POEGMA with benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) in ethanol (EtOH), polymeric nanoparticles with different morphologies are formed in situ according to a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) mechanism. Self-assembly into nanoparticles presenting POEGMA chains at the corona and poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) chains in the core occurs in situ due to the growing insolubility of the PBzMA block in ethanol. Interestingly, the formation of highly pure worm-like micelles can be readily monitored by observing the onset of a highly viscous gel in situ due to nanoparticle entanglements occurring during the polymerization. This process thereby allows for a more reproducible synthesis of worm-like micelles simply by monitoring the solution viscosity during the course of the polymerization. In addition, the light stimulus can be intermittently applied in an ON/OFF manner demonstrating temporal control over the nanoparticle morphology.

This article describes a process for producing polymeric self-assembled nanoparticles using visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. Using low energy visible light to control the polymerization allows for the reproducible formation of self-assembled worm-like micelles at high solids content.

Sintesi facile di micelle vermiforme dalla luce visibile mediata polimerizzazione in dispersione Utilizzando Photoredox Catalyst

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal Tumor Ablation Using Porphysomes, Intrinsic Multifunctional Nanovesicles

We recently developed porphysomes as intrinsically multifunctional nanovesicles. A photosensitizer, pyropheophorbide &alpha;, was conjugated to a phospholipid and then self-assembled to liposome-like spherical vesicles. Due to the extremely high density of porphyrin in the porphyrin-lipid bilayer, porphysomes generated large extinction coefficients, structure-dependent fluorescence self-quenching, and excellent photothermal efficacy. In our formulation, porphysomes were synthesized using high pressure extrusion, and displayed a mean particle size around 120 nm. Twenty-four hr post-intravenous injection of porphysomes, the local temperature of the tumor increased from 30 &deg;C to 62 &deg;C rapidly upon one minute exposure of 750 mW (1.18 W/cm2), 671 nm laser irradiation. Following the complete thermal ablation of the tumor, eschars formed and healed within 2 weeks, while in the control groups the tumors continued to grow and all reached the defined end point within 3 weeks. These data show how porphysomes can be used as potent photothermal therapy (PTT) agents.

We developed novel intrinsic multifunctional nanovesicles called porphysomes, which have structure-dependent fluorescence self-quenching and unique photothermal properties, thus functioning as potent photothermal therapy agents. We formulated porphysomes using high pressure extrusion and investigated their photothermal therapy efficacy in a xenograft tumor model.

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal ablazione del tumore Utilizzando Porphysomes, intrinseca multifunzionale nanovesicles

We recently developed porphysomes as intrinsically multifunctional nanovesicles. A photosensitizer, pyropheophorbide &alpha;, was conjugated to a ...

Bioingegneria

Optical Control of Living Cells Electrical Activity by Conjugated Polymers

Hybrid interfaces between organic semiconductors and living tissues represent a new tool for in-vitro and in-vivo applications. In particular, conjugated polymers display several optimal properties as substrates for biological systems, such as good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, cheap and easy processing technology, and possibility of deposition on light, thin and flexible substrates. These materials have been employed for cellular interfaces like neural probes, transistors for excitation and recording of neural activity, biosensors and actuators for drug release. Recent experiments have also demonstrated the possibility to use conjugated polymers for all-optical modulation of the electrical activity of cells. Several in-vitro study cases have been reported, including primary neuronal networks, astrocytes and secondary line cells. Moreover, signal photo-transduction mediated by organic polymers has been shown to restore light sensitivity in degenerated retinas, suggesting that these devices may be used for artificial retinal prosthesis in the future. All in all, light sensitive conjugated polymers represent a new approach for optical modulation of cellular activity.
In this work, all the steps required to fabricate a bio-polymer interface for optical excitation of living cells are described. The function of the active interface is to transduce the light stimulus into a modulation of the cell membrane potential. As a study case, useful for in-vitro studies, a polythiophene thin film is used as the functional, light absorbing layer, and Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK-293) cells are employed as the biological component of the interface. Practical examples of successful control of the cell membrane potential upon stimulation with light pulses of different duration are provided. In particular, it is shown that both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing effects on the cell membrane can be achieved depending on the duration of the light stimulus. The reported protocol is of general validity and can be straightforwardly extended to other biological preparations.

A method for stimulation of in-vitro cell cultures electrical activity with visible light, based on the use of organic semiconducting polymers is described.

Controllo ottico di cellule viventi attività elettrica da coniugati Polimeri

Hybrid interfaces between organic semiconductors and living tissues represent a new tool for in-vitro and in-vivo applications. In particular, conjugated ...

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Magnetically and thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)/Fe3O4-NH2 microgels with the encapsulated anti-cancer drug curcumin (Cur) were designed and fabricated for magnetically triggered release. PNIPAAm-based magnetic microgels with a spherical structure were produced via a temperature-induced emulsion followed with physical-crosslinking by mixing PNIPAAm, polyethylenimine (PEI), and Fe3O4-NH2 magnetic nanoparticles. Because of their dispersity, the Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles were embedded inside the polymer matrix. The amine groups exposed on the Fe3O4-NH2 and PEI surface supported the spherical structure by physically crosslinking with the amide groups of the PNIPAAm. The hydrophobic anti-cancer drug curcumin can be dispersed in water after encapsulation into the microgels. The microgels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV-Vis spectral analysis. Furthermore, magnetically triggered release was studied under an external high frequency magnetic field (HFMF). A significant &#34;burst release&#34; of curcumin was observed after applying the HFMF to the microgels due to the magnetic inductive heating (hyperthermia) effect. This manuscript describes the magnetically triggered controlled release of Cur-PNIPAAm/Fe3O4-NH2 encapsulated curcumin, which can be potentially applied for tumor therapy.

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

This manuscript describes the preparation of magnetic and thermal-sensitive microgels via a temperature-induced emulsion without chemical reaction. These sensitive microgels were synthesized by mixing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), polyethylenimine (PEI) and Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles for the potential use in magnetically and thermally triggered drug-release.

Poli sensibile magnetico e termico (<em&gt; N</em&gt; -isopropilacrilammide) per il rilascio controllato magneticamente attivato

Magnetically and thermally sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)/Fe3O4-NH2 microgels with the encapsulated anti-cancer drug curcumin (Cur) were ...

Gold Nanorod-assisted Optical Stimulation of Neuronal Cells

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerves can be stimulated in a variety of ways by the transient heating associated with the absorption of infrared light by water in neuronal tissue. This technique holds great potential for replacing or complementing standard stimulation techniques, due to the potential for increased localization of the stimulus and minimization of mechanical contact with the tissue. However, optical approaches are limited by the inability of visible light to penetrate deep into tissues. Moreover, thermal modelling suggests that cumulative heating effects might be potentially hazardous when multiple stimulus sites or high laser repetition rates are used. The protocol outlined below describes an enhanced approach to the infrared stimulation of neuronal cells. The underlying mechanism is based on the transient heating associated with the optical absorption of gold nanorods, which can cause triggering of neuronal cell differentiation and increased levels of intracellular calcium activity. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle absorbers can enhance and/or replace the process of infrared neural stimulation based on water absorption, with potential for future applications in neural prostheses and cell therapies.

This protocol outlines how to use the transient heating associated with the optical absorption of gold nanorods to stimulate differentiation and intracellular calcium activity in neuronal cells. These results potentially open up new applications in neural prostheses and fundamental studies in neuroscience.

Oro nanorod-assistito stimolazione ottica di cellule neuronali

Recent studies have demonstrated that nerves can be stimulated in a variety of ways by the transient heating associated with the absorption of infrared ...

Neuroscienze

Sintesi idrotermale di nanoparticelle luminescenti persistenti

Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ceased. PLNPs have been widely used across various domains, including information displays, data encryption, biological imaging, and artistic decoration with sustained and vivid luminosity, providing boundless possibilities for a variety of innovative technology and artistic projects. This protocol focuses on an experimental procedure for the hydrothermal synthesis of PLNPs. The successful synthesis of enduring luminescent nanomaterials with Mn2+ or Cr3+ serving as a luminescent center in Zn2GeO4: Mn (ZGO: Mn) or ZnGa2O4: Cr highlights the universality of this synthetic method. On the other hand, the optical properties of ZGO: Mn can be changed by adjusting the pH of precursor solutions, demonstrating the tunability of the protocol. When charged with ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength of 365 nm for 3 min and then stopped, PLNPs exhibit the remarkable capacity to generate afterglow efficiently and consistently, which makes them ideal for making two-dimensional rewritable displays and three-dimensional transparent, luminous artworks. This protocol outlined in this paper provides a feasible method for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanoparticles for further illumination and imaging applications, opening up novel prospects for the fields of science and art.

Autore in primo piano: Avanzamento del bioimaging e della terapia con nanomateriali funzionali

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanomaterials (PLNPs) and their potential applications in rewritable displays and artistic processing utilizing the afterglow effect under ultraviolet light (365 nm) irradiation.

Sintesi di nanoparticelle luminescenti persistenti per display riscrivibili e applicazioni di illuminazione

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ...

Proprietà elettroattivo Polymer Nanoparticelle Esporre fototermiche

Riepilogo

Esplora Altri Video

Capitoli in questo video

Un metodo 'Plug and Play' per creare Nanoassemblies acqua dispersibile contenenti un polimero Amphiphilic, coloranti organici e Upconverting nanoparticelle

Terapia fotodinamica con Blended Condurre Polimero / Fullerene nanoparticelle fotosensibilizzanti

Multifunzionale ibrida Fe

Sintesi facile di micelle vermiforme dalla luce visibile mediata polimerizzazione in dispersione Utilizzando Photoredox Catalyst

One Minute, Sub-One-Watt Photothermal ablazione del tumore Utilizzando Porphysomes, intrinseca multifunzionale nanovesicles

Controllo ottico di cellule viventi attività elettrica da coniugati Polimeri

Poli sensibile magnetico e termico (

Oro nanorod-assistito stimolazione ottica di cellule neuronali

Sintesi di nanoparticelle luminescenti persistenti per display riscrivibili e applicazioni di illuminazione

Sintesi di nanoparticelle luminescenti persistenti per display riscrivibili e applicazioni di illuminazione