Name: isolating lymphocytes from the mouse small intestinal immune system
Uploaded: 2018-02-28T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System at JoVE.com

B.S.S. is supported by NIH grant (R01 AI076457) and funds provided by Stony Brook University. Z.Q. is supported by NIH grant (K12 GM102778).

All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with National Institute of Health guidelines and approved by the Stony Brook University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
NOTE: Ensure that all approvals are granted prior to performing procedures.
1. Solution Preparation
<ol>
	<li>HGPG (HEPES, L-glutamine, penicillin/streptomycin, and gentamycin), 100&#215;
	<ol>
		<li>Mix 59.6 g HEPES (500 mM final), 14.6 g L-glutamine (200 mM final)...

<ol>
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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Terminology:+nomenclature+of+mucosa-associated+lymphoid+tissue.">Terminology: nomenclature of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 1 (1), 31-37 (2008).</li><li>Lefrancois, L., Lycke, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+mouse+small+intestinal+intraepithelial+lymphocytes,+Peyer's+patch,+and+lamina+propria+cells.">Isolation of mouse small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, Peyer's patch, and lamina propria cells.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. , 19 (2001).</li><li>Sheridan, B. 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(111), (2016).</li><li>Koscso, B., Bogunovic, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+and+Purification+of+Mouse+Intestinal+Dendritic+Cell+and+Macrophage+Subsets+by+Flow+Cytometry.">Analysis and Purification of Mouse Intestinal Dendritic Cell and Macrophage Subsets by Flow Cytometry.</a> Curr Protoc Immunol. 114, 11-14 (2016).</li><li>Goodman, T., Lefrancois, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+the+gamma-delta+T-cell+receptor+on+intestinal+CD8++intraepithelial+lymphocytes.">Expression of the gamma-delta T-cell receptor on intestinal CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes.</a> Nature. 333 (6176), 855-858 (1988).</li><li>Huleatt, J. W., Lefrancois, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta2+integrins+and+ICAM-1+are+involved+in+establishment+of+the+intestinal+mucosal+T+cell+compartment.">Beta2 integrins and ICAM-1 are involved in establishment of the intestinal mucosal T cell compartment.</a> Immunity. 5 (3), 263-273 (1996).</li><li>Sheridan, B. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=gammadelta+T+cells+exhibit+multifunctional+and+protective+memory+in+intestinal+tissues.">gammadelta T cells exhibit multifunctional and protective memory in intestinal tissues.</a> Immunity. 39 (1), 184-195 (2013).</li><li>Sheridan, B. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+infection+drives+a+distinct+population+of+intestinal+resident+memory+CD8(+)+T+cells+with+enhanced+protective+function.">Oral infection drives a distinct population of intestinal resident memory CD8(+) T cells with enhanced protective function.</a> Immunity. 40 (5), 747-757 (2014).</li><li>Romagnoli, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+distinct+long-lived+memory+CD4+T+cells+in+intestinal+tissues+after+oral+Listeria+monocytogenes+infection.">Differentiation of distinct long-lived memory CD4 T cells in intestinal tissues after oral Listeria monocytogenes infection.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 10 (2), 520-530 (2017).</li><li>Houston, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+lymph+nodes+draining+the+small+intestine+and+colon+are+anatomically+separate+and+immunologically+distinct.">The lymph nodes draining the small intestine and colon are anatomically separate and immunologically distinct.</a> Mucosal Immunol. 9 (2), 468-478 (2016).</li><li>Lorenz, R. G., Newberry, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolated+lymphoid+follicles+can+function+as+sites+for+induction+of+mucosal+immune+responses.">Isolated lymphoid follicles can function as sites for induction of mucosal immune responses.</a> Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1029, 44-57 (2004).</li><li>Kim, S. K., Reed, D. S., Heath, W. 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A detailed protocol is presented for the isolation of lymphocytes from the intestinal mucosal inductive (MLN and PP) and effector (LP and IEL compartment) sites. The protocol has been developed to balance input (time) and output (viability and yield) to maximize productivity and results. The protocol also ensures minimal cross compartmental contamination between LP and IEL compartments.
Several protocols for the isolation of immune cells from the mouse small intestine have been published<sup c...

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has many folds and protrusions that represents the largest interface separating the internal body and the external environment. The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the GI tract. It is constantly exposed to dietary antigens, commensal bacteria, and pathogenic microbes. As such, it must remain tolerant to food antigens and commensal bacteria while preserving the capacity to rapidly generate an effective immune response to enteropathogenic microbes1. The intestinal immune system can be anatomically divided into inductive sites, where na&#239;ve lymphocytes are activated by antigen presenting cells carrying antigens from the intestinal mucosa, and effector sites, where activated lymphocytes exert specific effector functions2. The inductive sites comprise the organized lymphoid structure of Peyer&#39;s patches (PP) that surveys the intestinal lumen directly through the action of specialized M cells and the regional draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). The effector sites consist of the lamina propria (LP), which is the connective tissue below the basement membrane, and the intestinal epithelium, a single cell layer located above the basement membrane that contains intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). Lymphocytes are major players of adaptive immunity that mediate protection against infections and cancers and may also contribute to immunopathology in inflammatory diseases. It is important and highly relevant to study lymphocytes in these distinct anatomical mucosal compartments to better understand their induction and effector functions.
A relatively simple and unified protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from these compartments is needed as the number of investigators exploring immune events occurring in the intestine are accelerating. Several research groups have published protocols that share several similar processes for isolating immune cells from the mouse small intestinal compartments3,4,5,6,7. However, there are several technical differences among them depending on the focus of the individual protocol. For example, with the focus on isolating immune cells from the LP, one protocol examines the impact of various enzymatic digestions on cell viability, cell surface marker expression, and the composition of isolated immune cells5. Another protocol highlights a rapid and reproducible method for isolation of lymphocytes without density centrifugation6. Finally, specific protocols also exist for the purpose of isolating mononuclear phagocytes from different tissue layers of the small intestine7. Here, a highly reproducible protocol that allows sequential isolation of lymphocyte populations from the MLN, PP, LP, and IEL compartment of the small intestine is presented.
We focus on isolating highly purified populations from the LP and IEL compartments, which are largely free of contaminants from other intestinal compartments. This widely used protocol produces a high yield of maximally pure and viable lymphocytes within acceptable time constraints4,8,9,10,11,12. This protocol also ensures the isolation of lymphocytes from the LP and IEL compartment with minimal cross compartmental contamination, allowing a bona fide opportunity to study lymphocytes in these distinct compartments. The isolated lymphocytes can be subjected to further manipulations like flow cytometric analysis or functional analysis. This protocol has been successfully applied to the isolation of lymphocytes from the mouse small intestine and colon during bacterial infections such as Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections and inflammatory conditions such as chemical- and pathogen-induced colitis. This protocol can also be used to isolate innate immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes from the mouse small intestine and colon.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:712px;" width="713">
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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP310-500</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G3126-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Gentamicin</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15710-072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Sodium Hydroxide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S318-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21870-076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S233-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">26140-079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">10x Hanks&#39; balanced salt solution</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H4641-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,4-Dithioerythritol</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D9680-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.5M EDTA, pH 8.0</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15575-020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Calsium chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>21108-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Magnesium chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>M2670-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagenase, Type I</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17100-017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">DG gradient stock solution (Percoll)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17-0891-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">420301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70-&#181;m cell strainer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">14 mL Polypropylene Round-Bottom Tube</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Erlenmeyer flask&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Kimble</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">26500R-50mL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50094596</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Stir bar</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-512-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolating lymphocytes from the mouse small intestinal immune system

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to dietary antigens and commensal bacteria while mounting effective immune responses to enteropathogenic microbes. In addition, it has become clear that local intestinal immunity has a profound impact on distant and systemic immunity. Therefore, it is important to study how an intestinal immune response is induced and what the immunologic outcome of the response is. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the isolation of lymphocytes from small intestine inductive sites like the gut-associated lymphoid tissue Peyer&#39;s patches and the draining mesenteric lymph nodes and effector sites like the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium. This technique ensures isolation of a large numbers of lymphocytes from small intestinal tissues with optimal purity and viability and minimal cross compartmental contamination within acceptable time constraints. The technical capability to isolate lymphocytes and other immune cells from intestinal tissues enables the understanding of immune responses to gastrointestinal infections, cancers, and inflammatory diseases.

A schematic representation of the protocol is depicted (Figure 1). Lymphocytes within the intestinal mucosa inductive and effector sites are distinctly organized. Peyer&#39;s patches (PP) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) contain lymphocytes in well-organized T-cell areas and B-cell follicles, whereas the intestinal epithelium contains lymphocytes that are more diffusely distributed. The lamina propria (LP) contains both diffusely distributed lymphocytes and l...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System at JoVE.com

Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System

Here we describe a detailed protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from the inductive sites including the gut-associated lymphoid tissue Peyer&#39;s patches and the draining mesenteric lymph nodes, and the effector sites including the lamina propria and the intestinal epithelium of the small intestinal immune system.

The intestinal immune system plays an essential role in maintaining the barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract by generating tolerant responses to ...

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