この作品は、米国国立衛生研究所、R01CA142928からの助成金によってサポートされていました。

1。マウス外側尾静脈内エバンスブルーの静脈注射<ol><li> PBS中のエバンスブルーの0.5％滅菌溶液を調製します。必要に応じて、溶解していない任意の粒子状物質を除去するためのソリューションをフィルター滅菌してください。 </li><li>シリンジに200μlのエバンスブルー溶液を吸引します。注射器の中に逃れた可能性のあるすべての気泡を避けてください。 </li><li>動物が自由に携帯電話ではありませんが、その尾を扱うことができるように、拘束装置に8から12週齢場所マウス。 </li><li>外側尾静脈が簡単に表示されるように、その側にマウスの拘束装置を置き、上向きに直面しています。 </li><li>親指と人​​差し指の間の非利き手と尻尾にしがみつく。 </li><li> 10から15度の角度、ベベルアップ、ヘッドの方向に向かって横方向の尾静脈に事前に針（小ゲージ、27から30）を挿入します。尾に針と注射器を平行に保ってください。 </li><li> Doは、静脈を崩壊かもしれないように適切な配置を確認するために背圧を適用しない。 </li><li>ゆっくりマウスの尾静脈に200μlのエバンスブルー溶液を注入します。 </li><li>これは静脈に針の正しい配置の証拠であるように、プランジャーの進歩と使いやすさを守ってください。 </li><li>そのケージに戻ってマウスを置き、30分間それを観察します。 </li></ol> 2。臓器から臓器コレクションとエバンスブルーの抽出<ol><li>頚椎脱臼を介してマウスを生け贄に捧げる。それは血管透過性と有意な干渉を制限としてマイルズアッセイの目的のために頸椎脱臼が推奨されます。できるだけ速く、同時にすべてのマウスを生け贄に捧げる。死の血管はより透過性になるので、直後に、6匹のマウス以下のコホートで動作します。 </li><li>背中にマウスを置き、ホワイトボードに自分の足を確保します。 </li><li>トールを公開するための腹部および胸腔を開くACIC腹部臓器。 </li><li>エバンスブルー溢出の違いを示すために代表的な写真を撮る。すべてのマウスの場合、同一の照明条件を持たせるために、同じフィールド内のすべてのマウスが含まれています。 </li><li>興味のある臓器を収集し、1.5 mlチューブに入れ</li><li>空のチューブを計量し、ゼロにバランスの値を持って来る。 </li><li>組織試料を移し、それを重み付けする。すべての組織試料について、この手順を繰り返します。組織は、さまざまな器官の間の水分含量の変動を除去するために乾燥空気とすることができます。 </li><li> 。各組織試料チューブに500μlのホルムアミドを追加します。 </li><li> 55℃の水浴またはヒートブロックにすべてのチューブを転送します。組織からエバンスブルーを抽出するために24〜48時間インキュベートする。 </li></ol> 3。エバンスブルーの定量化は、間質組織に溢出<ol><li>ペレット残っている組織片へホルムアミド/エバンスブルーの混合物を遠心分離します。 </li><li> 610で吸光度を測定nmである。ブランクとして500μlのホルムアミドを使用しています。 </li><li> mgの組織ごとに溢出ngのエバンスブルーを計算します。 </li><li>グラフ内のすべてのデータをプロットします。 </li><li>有意差を決定するために統計分析を実行します。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Beck, K. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inducible+NO+synthase:+role+in+cellular+signaling.">Inducible NO synthase: role in cellular signaling.</a> J. Exp. Biol. 202, 645-653 (1999).</li><li>Bertglia, S., Giusti, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+nitric+oxide+in+capillary+perfusion+and+oxygen+delivery+regulation+during+systemic+hypoxia.">Role of nitric oxide in capillary perfusion and oxygen delivery regulation during systemic hypoxia.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288, H525-H531 (2005).</li><li>Miles, A. A., Miles, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+reactions+to+histamine,+histamine-liberator+and+leutaxine+in+the+skin+of+guinea+pigs.">Vascular reactions to histamine, histamine-liberator and leutaxine in the skin of guinea pigs.</a> J. Physiol. (London). 118, 228-257 (1952).</li><li>Weis, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+permeability+in+cardiovascular+disease+and+cancer.">Vascular permeability in cardiovascular disease and cancer.</a> Curr. Opin. Hematol. 15, 243-249 (2008).</li><li>Kumar, P., Shen, Q., Pivetii, C. D., Lee, E. S., We, M. H., Yuan, S. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+endothelial+hyperpermeability:+implications+in+inflammation.">Molecular mechanisms of endothelial hyperpermeability: implications in inflammation.</a> Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 30, 11-19 (2009).</li><li>Viazzi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+permeability,+blood+pressure,+and+organ+damage+in+primary+hypertension.">Vascular permeability, blood pressure, and organ damage in primary hypertension.</a> Hypertens. Res. 31, 873-879 (2008).</li><li>Scheppke, ., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+vascular+permeability+suppression+by+topical+application+of+a+novel+VEGFR2/Src+kinase+inhibitor+in+mice+and+rabbits.">Retinal vascular permeability suppression by topical application of a novel VEGFR2/Src kinase inhibitor in mice and rabbits.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2337-2346 (2008).</li><li>Blanchet, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+CD34+Leads+To+Exacerbated+Autoimmune+Arthritis+through+Increased+Vascular+Permeability.">Loss of CD34 Leads To Exacerbated Autoimmune Arthritis through Increased Vascular Permeability.</a> J. Immunol. 184, 1292-1299 (2010).</li><li>Dvorak, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mast+cell-derived+mediators+of+enhanced+microvascular+permeability,+vascular+permeability+factor/vascular+endothelial+growth+factor,+histamine,+and+serotonin,+cause+leakage+of+macromolecules+through+a+new+endothelial+cell+permeability+organelle,+the+vesiculo-vacuolar+organelle.">Mast cell-derived mediators of enhanced microvascular permeability, vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor, histamine, and serotonin, cause leakage of macromolecules through a new endothelial cell permeability organelle, the vesiculo-vacuolar organelle.</a> Chem. Immunol. Allergy. 85, 185-204 (2005).</li><li>Le Guelte, A., Gavard, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+endothelial+cell-cell+junctions+in+endothelial+permeability.">Role of endothelial cell-cell junctions in endothelial permeability.</a> Methods Mol. Biol. 763, 265-279 (2011).</li><li>Martins-Green, M., Petreaca, M., Yao, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+assay+system+for+in+vitro+detection+of+permeability+in+human+"endothelium".">An assay system for in vitro detection of permeability in human "endothelium".</a> Methods Enzymol. 443, 137-153 (2008).</li></ol>

著者らは、利害の衝突や競合する金融利害関係はありません。

血管透過性は、血管の状態のための重要なマーカーである。増加した血管透過性は、糖尿病、高血圧症、自己免疫疾患6,7,8を含むいくつかの全身性疾患、に存在することが示されている。増加した血管透過性がせん断応力によって媒介されることが示されており、血管内皮細胞増殖因子と線維芽細胞増殖因子、セロトニン、ヒスタミン、ブラジキニン9のような炎症性メディエ...

選択透過性障壁の形成と維持には、適切な臓器の開発と性能1,2のために不可欠です。内皮細胞ライン血管内腔と血液とすべての器官の間質空間との間の選択的輸送に不可欠である半透過性の障壁を形成する。十分な透過障壁は固く成長因子、サイトカインやその他のストレス関連分子3によって制御されているタイトな細胞から細胞への結合を介して維持されています。内皮細胞障壁の破壊は透過性の増大と血管漏出をもたらすことができます。これらの効果は、様々な疾患状態で見られると下線分子シグナルの理解が学際的方法は4,5が必要とされます。この記事では、我々はマウスモデルを用いて血管の透過性を測定するin vivo法について説明します。 またマイルスアッセイとして知られている我々が説明している検定は、よくestablですin vivoで血管透過性をテストするためのメソッドをished。アッセイは、基底の生理的条件下で、アルブミンは、内皮関門を通過しない、という事実に基づいている。エバンスブルー、アルブミンに対して高い親和性を有するアゾ色素は、実験動物の血流中に注入され、生理的条件下では、血管内に制限されることが期待されています。血管透過性の刺激が加えられると、どちら局所的または全身的に血管がアルブミンに結合しているエバンスブルーはまた、このようにタンパク質をリークし始めると。血管透過性を持っている組織の急速な青みがかった色でこの結果。 マウス外側尾静脈に色素の注射は成功した実験の良い結果のために重要である。尾静脈注射技術は広範囲の練習を必要とし、実験を開始する前に習得しなければならない。 血管の透過性は、年齢や体重に大きく依存しているimalので、異なるマウス系統を比較するときには、マウスまたは他の被験者が同じ誕生日と体重の近くに持っていることが不可欠です。内皮関門の透過性に影響を与えるその他の要素には、温度、湿度などの環境条件であり、非常に重要なのは、マウスのハンドリングストレス。それは実験を少なくとも3回実行される統計解析が繰り返されることを常に推奨されている実験の結果に影響を与えることができ、多数の要因に起因する。 このアッセイは、血管遺伝的に改変されたマウスの透過性だけでなく、さまざまな遺伝的背景を持つマウスを比較したり、使用することができます。透磁率が変調されている遺伝子の機能に応じて、刺激の有無で評価することができる。このアッセイは、血管透過性の異なる化合物の効果をテストするために使用したりすることができます。

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 試薬 </td></tr><tr><td>エバンスブルー</td><td> SIGMA </td><td> E2129 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ホルムアミド</td><td> INVITROGEN </td><td> 15515-026 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> PBS </td><td></td><td></td><td> 0.2Mリン酸 1.5MのNaCl pH7.4の</td></tr><tr><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 機器 </td></tr><tr><td>分光光度計</td><td>エッペンドルフ</td><td> 952000006 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>マウス拘束装置</td><td> HARVARD装置</td><td> 340012 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>シリンジ</td><td> BD </td><td> 309659 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>針</td><td> BD </td><td> 305106 </td><td>針のゲージは、動物の大きさに依存します。 </td></tr><tr><td> BALANCE </td><td> DENVER INSTRUMENT </td><td> TP-64 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

an in vivo assay to test blood vessel permeability

このメソッドは、テストモデル動物としてマウスでのエバンスブルーの静脈注射に基づいています。エバンスブルーはアルブミンと結合する色素である。生理的条件下では内皮細胞は血管内に限定アルブミンので、エバンスブルーアルブミン結合した遺骨に対して不透過性である。増加した血管透過性内皮細胞を促進する病態では部分的にそれらの密接な接触を失い、内皮は、アルブミンのような小さなタンパク質に透過性になる。この条件は、組織中のエバンスブルーの漏出を可能にします。健康な内皮細胞は、隣接する血管化組織における色素の漏出を防ぐことができます。透過性の増大を持つ器官が無傷の内皮細胞と器官に比べて大幅に増加した青色呈色​​が表示されます。血管透過性のレベルは、単純な可視化によって、または実験動物/組織vsコントロールの組織のミリグラムあたり組み込ま色素を定量的に測定することによって評価することができる。二つポウこのアッセイのrful側面は、そのシンプルさと定量的な特性です。エバンスブルー色素をホルムアミドの組織の具体的な金額をインキュベートすることにより、組織から抽出することができます。 620 nmの吸光度の最小値である最大のエバンスブルーの吸光度は740 nmである。エバンスブルーの標準曲線を用いることで、光学濃度の測定は、組織のミリグラム当たりミリグラム捕捉色素に変換することができます。統計解析は、血管透過性の有意差を評価するために使用されるべきである。

我々は、8〜12週齢のマウスでは血管漏出をテストするために生体透過性アッセイに使用。このテストでは、異なる遺伝的背景や血管系に影響を与える処理を施したマウスの単一株の動物との間の相対的な血管透過性を比較するのに有用である。我々の結果は、我々は我々の研究室で作成された遺伝子改変マウスの株は野生型マウスと比較して、より透過性の内皮細胞があること?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability at JoVE.com

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

我々は提示している<em生体内で&gt;</em&gt;血管透過性をテストするためのアッセイ。このアッセイは、間質空間への拡散の染料およびその後可視化の静脈注射に基づいています。

アン<em生体内で&gt;</em血管透過性をテストする&gt;アッセイ

This method is based on the intravenous injection of Evans Blue in mice as the test animal model. Evans blue is a dye that binds albumin. Under ...

an-in-vivo-assay-to-test-blood-vessel-permeability

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

64.3K ビュー.  Fox Chase Cancer Center. 我々は提示している血管透過性をテストするためのアッセイ。このアッセイは、間質空間への拡散の染料およびその後可視化の静脈注射に基づいています。

ビデオ: An in vivo Assay to Test Blood Vessel Permeability

In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) coverage plays a central role in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is dynamically maintained by astrocytes, pericytes and brain endothelial cells (BECs). Here, we detail methods to assess BBB coverage using single cultures of immortalized human BECs, single cultures of primary mouse BECs, and a humanized triple culture model (BECs, astrocytes and pericytes) of the BBB. To highlight the applicability of the assays to disease states, we describe the effect of oligomeric amyloid-&#946; (oA&#946;), which is an important contributor to Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) progression, on BBB coverage. Further, we utilize the epidermal growth factor (EGF) to illuminate the drug screening potential of the techniques. Our results show that single and triple cultured BECs form meshwork-like structures under basal conditions, and that oA&#946; disrupts this cell meshwork formation and degenerates the preformed mesh structures, but EGF blocks this disruption. Thus, the techniques described are important for dissecting fundamental and disease-relevant processes that modulate BBB coverage.

In Vitro Assays to Assess Blood-brain Barrier Mesh-like Vessel Formation and Disruption

Maintaining blood-brain barrier coverage is key for the homeostasis of the central nervous system. This protocol describes in vitro techniques to delineate the fundamental and pathological processes that modulate blood-brain barrier coverage.

血液脳関門メッシュ様血管形成および崩壊を評価するためのインビトロアッセイ

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) coverage plays a central role in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB is dynamically maintained by ...

医学

An In Vivo Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Assay in Mice Using Fluorescently Labeled Tracers

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized barrier that protects the brain microenvironment from toxins and pathogens in the circulation and maintains brain homeostasis. The principal sites of the barrier are endothelial cells of the brain capillaries whose barrier function results from tight intercellular junctions and efflux transporters expressed on the plasma membrane. This function is regulated by pericytes and astrocytes that together form the neurovascular unit (NVU). Several neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), brain tumors are associated with an impaired BBB function. Assessment of the BBB permeability is therefore crucial in evaluating the severity of the neurological disease and the success of the treatment strategies employed.
We present here a simple yet robust permeability assay that have been successfully applied to several mouse models both, genetic and experimental. The method is highly quantitative and objective in comparison to the tracer fluorescence analysis by microscopy that is commonly applied. In this method, mice are injected intraperitoneally with a mix of aqueous inert fluorescent tracers followed by anesthetizing the mice. Cardiac perfusion of the animals is performed prior to harvesting brain, kidneys or other organs. Organs are homogenized and centrifuged followed by fluorescence measurement from the supernatant. Blood drawn from the cardiac puncture just before perfusion serves for normalization purpose to the vascular compartment. The tissue fluorescence is normalized to the wet weight and serum fluorescence to obtain a quantitative tracer permeability index. For additional confirmation, the contralateral hemi-brain preserved for immunohistochemistry can be utilized for tracer fluorescence visualization purposes.

An In Vivo Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Assay in Mice Using Fluorescently Labeled Tracers

Here we present a mouse brain vascular permeability assay using intraperitoneal injection of fluorescent tracers followed by perfusion that is applicable to animal models of blood-brain barrier dysfunction. One hemi-brain is used for assessing permeability quantitatively and the other for tracer visualization/immunostaining. The procedure takes 5 - 6 h for 10 mice.

生体内で血液脳関門透過性アッセイを用いたマウス蛍光トレーサーに分類

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized barrier that protects the brain microenvironment from toxins and pathogens in the circulation and maintains ...

神経科学

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity is disturbed in gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which may result in easier access of biologically active compounds, such as gut bacterial metabolites, to the bloodstream. Thus, the permeability of the GBB may be a marker of both intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Furthermore, the increased penetration of bacterial metabolites may affect the functioning of the entire organism.
Commonly used methods for studying the GBB permeability are performed ex vivo. The accuracy of those methods is limited, because the functioning of the GBB depends on intestinal blood flow. On the other hand, commonly used in vivo methods may be biased by liver and kidney performance, as those methods are based on evaluation of urine or/and peripheral blood concentrations of exogenous markers. Here, we present a direct measurement of GBB permeability in rats using an in vivo method based on portal blood sampling, which preserves intestinal blood flow and is virtually not affected by the liver and kidney function. 
Polyurethane catheters are inserted into the portal vein and inferior vena cava just above the hepatic veins confluence. Blood is sampled at baseline and after administration of a selected marker into a desired part of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we present several applications of the method including (1) evaluation of the colon permeability to TMA, a gut bacterial metabolite, (2) evaluation of liver clearance of TMA, and (3) evaluation of a gut-portal blood-liver-peripheral blood pathway of gut bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids. Furthermore, the protocol may also be used for tracking intestinal absorption and liver metabolism of drugs or for measurements of portal blood pressure.

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The access of nutrients, microbiota metabolites and medicines to the circulation is controlled by the gut-blood barrier (GBB). We describe a direct method for measuring the GBB permeability in vivo, which, in contrast to commonly used indirect methods, is virtually not affected by liver and kidney functions.

腸血液関門と微生物叢製品の肝代謝を評価するためのIn Vivo法

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity ...

Quantifying Single Microvessel Permeability in Isolated Blood-perfused Rat Lung Preparation

The isolated blood-perfused lung preparation is widely used to visualize and define signaling in single microvessels. By coupling this preparation with real time imaging, it becomes feasible to determine permeability changes in individual pulmonary microvessels. Herein we describe steps to isolate rat lungs and perfuse them with autologous blood. Then, we outline steps to infuse fluorophores or agents via a microcatheter into a small lung region. Using these procedures described, we determined permeability increases in rat lung microvessels in response to infusions of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The data revealed that lipopolysaccharide increased fluid leak across both venular and capillary microvessel segments. Thus, this method makes it possible to compare permeability responses among vascular segments and thus, define any heterogeneity in the response. While commonly used methods to define lung permeability require postprocessing of lung tissue samples, the use of real time imaging obviates this requirement as evident from the present method. Thus, the isolated lung preparation combined with real time imaging offers several advantages over traditional methods to determine lung microvascular permeability, yet is a straightforward method to develop and implement.

The isolated blood-perfused lung preparation makes it feasible to visualize microvessel networks on the lung surface. Here we describe an approach to quantify permeability of single microvessels in isolated lungs using real time fluorescence imaging.

単離された血液灌流ラットの肺の準備にシングル微小血管透過性を定量化する

The isolated blood-perfused lung preparation is widely used to visualize and define signaling in single microvessels. By coupling this preparation with ...

生物学

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

Experiments to measure the permeability properties of individually perfused microvessels provide a bridge between investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating vascular permeability in cultured endothelial cell monolayers and the functional exchange properties of whole microvascular beds. A method to cannulate and perfuse venular microvessels of rat mesentery and measure the hydraulic conductivity of the microvessel wall is described. The main equipment needed includes an intravital microscope with a large modified stage that supports micromanipulators to position three different microtools: (1) a beveled glass micropipette to cannulate and perfuse the microvessel; (2) a glass micro-occluder to transiently block perfusion and enable measurement of transvascular water flow movement at a measured hydrostatic pressure, and (3) a blunt glass rod to stabilize the mesenteric tissue at the site of cannulation. The modified Landis micro-occlusion technique uses red cells suspended in the artificial perfusate as markers of transvascular fluid movement, and also enables repeated measurements of these flows as experimental conditions are changed and hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure difference across the microvessels are carefully controlled. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity first using a control perfusate, then after re-cannulation of the same microvessel with the test perfusates enable paired comparisons of the microvessel response under these well-controlled conditions. Attempts to extend the method to microvessels in the mesentery of mice with genetic modifications expected to modify vascular permeability were severely limited because of the absence of long straight and unbranched microvessels in the mouse mesentery, but the recent availability of the rats with similar genetic modifications using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is expected to open new areas of investigation where the methods described herein can be applied.

The modified Landis technique enables paired measurement of the hydraulic conductivity of individual microvessels in the mesentery of normal and genetically modified rats under control and test conditions using microperfusion techniques. It provides a convenient method to evaluate mechanisms that regulate microvessel permeability and transvascular exchange under physiological conditions.

ラット腸間膜に微小血管透過性の調節を調査するために、微小灌流法

Experiments to measure the permeability properties of individually perfused microvessels provide a bridge between investigation of molecular and cellular ...

In Vivo Study of Human Endothelial-Pericyte Interaction Using the Matrix Gel Plug Assay in Mouse

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed from existing vessels. New vessel growth requires coordinated endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and alignment to form tubular structures followed by recruitment of pericytes to provide mural support and facilitate vessel maturation. Current in vitro cell culture approaches cannot fully reproduce the complex biological environment where endothelial cells and pericytes interact to produce functional vessels. We present a novel application of the in vivo matrix gel plug assay to study endothelial-pericyte interactions and formation of functional blood vessels using severe combined immune deficiency mutation (SCID) mice. Briefly, matrix gel is mixed with a solution containing endothelial cells with or without pericytes followed by injection into the back of anesthetized SCID mice. After 14 days, the matrix gel plugs are removed, fixed and sectioned for histological analysis. The length, number, size and extent of pericyte coverage of mature vessels (defined by the presence of red blood cells in the lumen) can be quantified and compared between experimental groups using commercial statistical platforms. Beyond its use as an angiogenesis assay, this matrix gel plug assay can be used to conduct genetic studies and as a platform for drug discovery. In conclusion, this protocol will allow researchers to complement available in vitro assays for the study of endothelial-pericyte interactions and their relevance to either systemic or pulmonary angiogenesis.

In Vivo Study of Human Endothelial-Pericyte Interaction Using the Matrix Gel Plug Assay in Mouse

We present a protocol to study human endothelial-pericyte interactions in mouse using a variation of the matrix gel plug angiogenesis assay.

マウスにおけるマトリックスゲルプラグアッセイを用いたヒト内皮-周皮細胞の相互作用のin vivo研究で

Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed from existing vessels. New vessel growth requires coordinated endothelial cell ...

Endothelial Cell Transcytosis Assay as an In Vitro Model to Evaluate Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Permeability

Dysfunction of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to the pathophysiology of several vascular eye diseases, often resulting in retinal edema and subsequent vision loss. The inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB) is mainly composed of retinal vascular endothelium with low permeability under physiological conditions. This feature of low permeability is tightly regulated and maintained by low rates of paracellular transport between adjacent retinal microvascular endothelial cells, as well as transcellular transport (transcytosis) through them. The assessment of retinal transcellular barrier permeability may provide fundamental insights into iBRB integrity in health and disease. In this study, we describe an endothelial cell (EC) transcytosis assay, as an in vitro model for evaluating iBRB permeability, using human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). This assay assesses the ability of HRMECs to transport transferrin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in receptor- and caveolae-mediated transcellular transport processes, respectively. Fully confluent HRMECs cultured on porous membrane were incubated with fluorescent-tagged transferrin (clathrin-dependent transcytosis) or HRP (caveolae-mediated transcytosis) to measure the levels of transferrin or HRP transferred to the bottom chamber, indicative of transcytosis levels across the EC monolayer. Wnt signaling, a known pathway regulating iBRB, was modulated to demonstrate the caveolae-mediated HRP-based transcytosis assay method. The EC transcytosis assay described here may provide a useful tool for investigating the molecular regulators of EC permeability and iBRB integrity in vascular pathologies and for screening drug delivery systems.

Endothelial Cell Transcytosis Assay as an In Vitro Model to Evaluate Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier Permeability

This protocol illustrates an in vitro endothelial cell transcytosis assay as a model to evaluate inner blood-retinal barrier permeability by measuring the ability of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells to transport horseradish peroxidase across cells in caveolae-mediated transcellular transport processes.

内血網膜バリア透過性を評価する ためのin vitro モデルとしての内皮細胞トランスサイトーシスアッセイ

Dysfunction of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) contributes to the pathophysiology of several vascular eye diseases, often resulting in retinal edema and ...

Evaluating Vascular Hyperpermeability-inducing Agents in the Skin with the Miles Assay

The primary function of the vascular endothelium in vertebrate organisms is to serve as a barrier between the blood and each tissue of the body, whereby the permeability of the endothelium to blood cells, plasma macromolecules, and water can be adapted according to the physiological need. In certain diseases, cytokines and growth factors are released that target the endothelial barrier to transiently increase vascular permeability; however, their prolonged presence may cause chronic vascular hyperpermeability and thereby tissue-damaging edema. The Miles assay is an in vivo technique that allows researchers to study vascular hyperpermeability through the proxy measurement of vascular leakage. Here, we provide a detailed protocol on how to perform this procedure in the mouse, which is the most widely used model organism to study mammalian physiology and pathology. The procedure involves the intravenous injection of Evans blue dye to label the circulating albumin followed by multiple intradermal injections of permeability-inducing agents and vehicle control solutions into opposing flanks of the mouse. Consequently, Evans blue dye gradually leaks into the dermis, where it accumulates and can be extracted for quantification as leakage induced by the permeability-inducing agent relative to the vehicle. The Miles assay can be performed in wild type or genetically modified mouse models and may be combined with drug administration to study molecular mechanisms that regulate vascular permeability and identify agents/targets capable of inducing or blocking hyperpermeability.

Here, we present a protocol to measure the vascular leakage induced by intradermal administration of permeability promoting agents into the murine skin. This technique can be used to determine the ability of molecules to promote or inhibit vascular leakage or to study the molecular mechanisms that regulate vascular permeability.

マイル アッセイで皮膚の血管の血管誘導剤の評価

The primary function of the vascular endothelium in vertebrate organisms is to serve as a barrier between the blood and each tissue of the body, whereby ...

In Vivo Vascular Permeability Detection in Mouse Submandibular Gland

Saliva plays an important role in oral and overall health. The intact endothelial barrier function of blood vessels enables saliva secretion, whereas the endothelial barrier dysfunction is related to many salivary gland secretory disorders. The present protocol describes an in vivo paracellular permeability detection method to evaluate the function of endothelial tight junctions (TJs) in mouse submandibular glands (SMG). First, fluorescence-labeled dextrans with different molecular weights (4 kDa, 40 kDa, or 70 kDa) were injected into the angular veins of mice. Afterward, the unilateral SMG was dissected and fixed in the customized holder under a two-photon laser-scanning microscope, and then images were captured for blood vessels, acini, and ducts. Utilizing this method, the real-time dynamic leakage of the different-sized tracers from blood vessels into the basal sides of the acini and even across the acinar epithelia into the ducts was monitored to evaluate the alteration of the endothelial barrier function under physiological or pathophysiological conditions.

In Vivo Vascular Permeability Detection in Mouse Submandibular Gland

In the present protocol, the endothelial barrier function of the submandibular gland (SMG) was evaluated by injecting different molecular weighted fluorescent tracers into the angular veins of test animal models in vivo under a two-photon laser-scanning microscope.

インビボ マウス顎下腺における血管透過性検出

Saliva plays an important role in oral and overall health. The intact endothelial barrier function of blood vessels enables saliva secretion, whereas the ...

Modified Matrix Gel Plug Assayによる血管新生研究の簡素化

Modified In Vivo Matrix Gel Plug Assay for Angiogenesis Studies

Several models have been developed to investigate angiogenesis in vivo. However, most of these models are complex and expensive, require specialized equipment, or are hard to perform for subsequent quantitative analysis. Here we present a modified matrix gel plug assay to evaluate angiogenesis in vivo. In this protocol, vascular cells were mixed with matrix gel in the presence or absence of pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic reagents, and then subcutaneously injected into the back of recipient mice. After 7 days, phosphate buffer saline containing dextran-FITC is injected via the tail vein and circulated in vessels for 30 min. Matrix gel plugs are collected and embedded with tissue embedding gel, then 12 &#181;m sections are cut for fluorescence detection without staining. In this assay, dextran-FITC with high molecular weight (~150,000 Da) can be used to indicate functional vessels for detecting their length, while dextran-FITC with low molecular weight (~4,400 Da) can be used to indicate the permeability of neo-vessels. In conclusion, this protocol can provide a reliable and convenient method for the quantitative study of angiogenesis in vivo.

著者スポットライト:Investigating Angiogenesis and Vessel Permeability Through a Modified Matrix Gel Plug Assay

The method presented here can evaluate the effect of reagents on angiogenesis or vascular permeability in vivo without staining. The method uses dextran-FITC injection via the tail vein to visualize neo-vessels or vascular leakage.

血管新生研究のための改変 In Vivo マトリックスゲルプラグアッセイ

Several models have been developed to investigate angiogenesis in vivo. However, most of these models are complex and expensive, require specialized ...

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血液脳関門メッシュ様血管形成および崩壊を評価するためのインビトロアッセイ

生体内で血液脳関門透過性アッセイを用いたマウス蛍光トレーサーに分類

腸血液関門と微生物叢製品の肝代謝を評価するためのIn Vivo法

単離された血液灌流ラットの肺の準備にシングル微小血管透過性を定量化する

ラット腸間膜に微小血管透過性の調節を調査するために、微小灌流法

マウスにおけるマトリックスゲルプラグアッセイを用いたヒト内皮-周皮細胞の相互作用のin vivo研究で

内血網膜バリア透過性を評価するためのin vitro モデルとしての内皮細胞トランスサイトーシスアッセイ

マイルアッセイで皮膚の血管の血管誘導剤の評価

インビボマウス顎下腺における血管透過性検出

血管新生研究のための改変 In Vivo マトリックスゲルプラグアッセイ

アン

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

血液脳関門メッシュ様血管形成および崩壊を評価するためのインビトロアッセイ

生体内で血液脳関門透過性アッセイを用いたマウス蛍光トレーサーに分類

腸血液関門と微生物叢製品の肝代謝を評価するためのIn Vivo法

単離された血液灌流ラットの肺の準備にシングル微小血管透過性を定量化する

ラット腸間膜に微小血管透過性の調節を調査するために、微小灌流法

マウスにおけるマトリックスゲルプラグアッセイを用いたヒト内皮-周皮細胞の相互作用のin vivo研究で

内血網膜バリア透過性を評価する ためのin vitro モデルとしての内皮細胞トランスサイトーシスアッセイ

マイル アッセイで皮膚の血管の血管誘導剤の評価

インビボ マウス顎下腺における血管透過性検出

血管新生研究のための改変 In Vivo マトリックスゲルプラグアッセイ

内血網膜バリア透過性を評価するためのin vitro モデルとしての内皮細胞トランスサイトーシスアッセイ

マイルアッセイで皮膚の血管の血管誘導剤の評価

インビボマウス顎下腺における血管透過性検出