Supported by grants from CNRS and INSERM. PM acknowledges support from the Fondation pour la Recherche M&#233;dicale en France (Equipe FRM 2009). SC acknowledges support from the Fondation de France.

この研究で使用したマウスは、世話および実験動物の使用のための欧州連合評議会（86/609 / EU）のガイドラインに従って取り扱った。 必要な溶液の調製<ol><li>ストック溶液<ol><li> 10倍のポリ-L-オルニチン（PLO）ソリューション：PLO臭化水素酸（分子量= 30,000-70,000）を10mg秤量し、滅菌水70mlに溶解する。 -20℃で0.2μmのシリンジフィルター、分量、およびストアを使用してソリューションをフィルタリングします。 </li><li> 30％グルコース溶液は：D（+）を30g秤量 - グルコースを、100mlの全量を滅菌水に溶解する。フィルター、分量、そして4℃で保存する。 </li><li> 5×ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地（DMEM）/栄養素混合物F-12ハム：DMEM /ハムF-12粉末を6gを秤量し、100mlの全体積に滅菌水に溶解する。フィルター、分量、そして4℃で保存する。 </li><li> 7.5％重炭酸ナトリウム（ 炭酸水素ナトリウム）Soluti上：NaHCO 3を7.5グラムを秤量し、100mlの全体積に滅菌水に溶解する。フィルター、分量、そして4℃で保存する。 </li><li> 1 M HEPES溶液：HEPES 23.8gのを秤量し、100mlの全体積に滅菌水に溶解する。フィルター、分量、そして4℃で保存する。 </li><li> 70％（v / v）のエタノール：滅菌水30mlの無水エタノール70ml中に希釈する。 </li></ol></li><li>グルコース及び抗生物質をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水（PBS-GAB）：ダルベッコのリン酸緩衝生理食塩水の500ミリリットルのペニシリン - ストレプトマイシン溶液、30％グルコース溶液10mlと5ミリリットルを追加します。 4℃で保存。 </li><li>不活性化したウシ胎児血清（IFBS）：4℃で一晩ウシ血清を解凍し、30分間56℃で不活性化する。 -20℃で50ミリリットルに分注して保存。 </li><li>培養培地：滅菌水で、連続して5回DMEM / F12-ハム40mlのを混ぜ、1 M HEPES、200mMのL-グルタミン、2mlのペニシリン - ストレプトマイシン2mlの30％グルコースaを4mlの1mlのndは180ミリリットルの最終容量を7.5％NaHCO 3を3mlの。濾過し、同じ日に使用します。 </li><li>ホルモンミックス<ol><li>培養液180ミリリットルを用意してください。この培地中でアポトランスフェリンを200mg溶解する。 </li><li>インスリン50mgを秤量し、0.1 M HClを2mlに溶解する。静かに混合しながら、滅菌水をゆっくりと8ミリリットルを追加します。培養培地中でこの溶液を希釈。 </li><li>プトレシン二塩酸塩19.3 mgの秤量し、滅菌水10mlに溶解する。ホルモンミックスに10ミリリットル溶液を加える。 </li><li>滅菌水と無水エタノール中2mMのプロゲステロン溶液中の3 mMの亜セレン酸ナトリウム溶液を調製する。ホルモンミックスに各溶液20μlを追加します。 </li><li>ホルモンミックス、-20℃で10ミリリットルとストアに一定分量をフィルタリングします。 </li></ol></li></ol>培養プレートと楽器の調製<ol><li>培養プレートのFBSコーティング：解剖前日は、培養液180ミリリットルを用意。 10mlのを追加します。培地90mlのにIFBS。追加の300μl/ウェルの培地/ポリ-D-リシンプレコート24ウェルプレートに10％IFBS。 37℃で一晩インキュベートする。 4℃で（ととIFBSずに）残っているメディアを保管してください。 </li><li>楽器やパスツールピペットを滅菌する。クラスII層流フードとCO 2インキュベータだけでなく、材料表にリストされている機器を収集します。 </li></ol>マウス中脳の3解剖<ol><li> （施設のガイドラインに従って）E13.5の妊娠マウスを生け贄に捧げる。 70％エタノールでマウスの腹部をきれいにし、腹壁を開きます。 、子宮角を集めて繊細なハサミを使用してそれらを開き、子宮角から各胚を解剖し、羊膜を取り除く。滅菌PBS-GABを含む100ミリメートルペトリ皿に胚を置き、ピンセットを用いて3連続した同一の浴に転送することにより、それらを洗ってください。解剖のために、60ミリメートルの滅菌ペトリ皿に3によって胚を配置します。 </li><li>楽章実体顕微鏡下での最終的なペトリ皿をメール。胚首をはねるないでください。 Vannasはさみを使用して、脳を切除。 <ol><li>慎重に前足と後脳領域を除去し、廃棄する。吻側側には、視床領域に近いカット、峡部領域における尾サイドカットに、上丘を削除します。 </li><li>腹側中脳が単離されたら、慎重に超微細鉗子を用いて髄膜を除去します。 PBS-GABで満たされた無菌の13ミリリットルチューブに、髄膜なしで、解剖したセグメントを収集します。 </li></ol></li><li> 70％エタノールで徹底的に中脳を含むチューブをきれいにし、ボンネットの下にそれをもたらす。 </li></ol> 4。細胞解離<ol><li>滅菌PBS-GABと中脳3回洗浄する。脳の断片は、各洗浄の間で和解し、組織を破壊することを避けるためにできるようにします。最後の洗浄の後、できるだけ慎重な限り溶液を除去し、37℃で15分間、トリプシン/ EDTA 3ml中脳セグメントをインキュベート2インキュベーターのCO。 </li><li>非研磨したガラスピペットの終了とニューロンの生存を最大にするために火ポリッシュパスツールピペットは、シャープで、解離工程の間に細胞を損傷することができます。それを火研磨しながら、わずかにパスツールピペットの（0.5ミリメートルまで）四肢径を小さく。 </li><li>慎重に、できるだけ多くのトリプシン/ EDTA溶液を除去し、培養培地10ml / 10％IFBSを追加する。洗浄脳セグメントは、培地/ 10％IFBSで3倍。 </li><li>熱加工パスツールピペットを用いて、培地/ 10％IFBS 6mlの中脳の解離を開始する。粉末化し、10倍は（気泡を避けるため）、チャンクが新しい無菌の13ミリリットルチューブに培地を収集した後、沈降させる。 </li><li> 、培養液の6ミリリットルを追加すると、前の手順を繰り返し、同じ13ミリリットルチューブに解離した細胞を含む培地を収集します。 </li><li> 5分間160グラムで遠心細胞。上澄みを捨て、補充した培養培地中で細胞を再懸濁10％のホルモンミックス。 </li></ol> 5。細胞のプレーティング<ol><li> Malassezセルに懸濁液中の細胞をカウント600,000細胞/ mlの濃度になるように培地の容量を調整します。周り170万細胞は、一匹のマウスの中脳から得ることができる。 </li><li> 24ウェルプレートからFBS含有コーティング培地を除去し、（600000個/ウェル、TH +細胞の2〜4％）を各ウェルに細胞懸濁液1ミリリットルを追加します。 </li><li> 37℃でプレートをインキュベートし、5％CO 2/95％空気。いいえ培地交換の必要はありません。ドーパミン作動性ニューロンは、 インビトロ （ドーパミントランスポーターの一貫した式） で約5〜7日後に成熟している。培地交換せずに15日間培養までで細胞を保管してください。 </li></ol> 6。免疫蛍光プロトコル<ol><li>カバーガラスの清掃<ol><li>解剖前日は、ペトリ皿に1MのHClを10mlを加える。液体12-15カバーガラスの表面に置き、15分待ちます。 </li><li>カバーをシンク液体中にスリップし、15分間待ちます。 </li><li> HClを除去し、水で3回洗う。 </li><li>一度純粋なエタノールで迅速にカバーグラスを洗浄し、その後、皿に純エタノールを追加し、30分間待ちます。 </li><li>フードの下で、エタノールから洗浄カバースリップを除去し、滅菌ピンセットを用いて12ウェル細胞培養プレートのウェルあたり1カバースリップを加える。 </li><li>洗濯物は、滅菌水（1ml /ウェル）で2回カバースリップ。その後、滅菌PBSで一回洗っ。 </li></ol></li><li>カバーガラスのコーティング<ol><li> PBSを削除し、2×PLO（PBSで希釈）を500μl/ウェルを追加。 CO 2インキュベーター中、37℃で4時間インキュベートする。 </li><li> PLO溶液を除去し、滅菌PBSで3回洗浄する。 </li><li> PBSを削除し、500μL/ウェルの20％IFBS / 1グラム/ mlのラミニンを追加。 CO 2インキュベーター内で37℃で一晩インキュベートする。 </li></ol></li><li>免疫蛍光のために細胞を播種<ol><li> 12ウェルプレートからコーティング媒体を取り外します。 </li><li> 900,0を追加00細胞/ウェル2ミリリットルの容量で、インキュベーター中、37℃で細胞を増殖させる。細胞を、培地交換せずに15日間培養最大に維持することができる。 </li></ol></li><li>免疫染色<ol><li> 12ウェルプレートから培地を除去し、500μlの洗浄/ウェルのDMEMを、37℃で予熱。 </li><li>のDMEM /ウェル500μLを加え、ゆっくり160 /ウェルの8％パラホルムアルデヒド（PFA、最終濃度2％）を追加し、37℃で10分間インキュベート、37℃で予熱。 </li><li> PFAを削除し、PBSで3回洗浄/ 0.1Mグリシンを10分間。 </li><li> 、PBSを除去する300 /ウェルのPBS / 0.05％トリトンX-100/20％ヤギ血清を追加し、室温で30分間インキュベートする。 </li><li> 、培地を除去し、300μlの/ウェルのPBSで希釈した一次抗体/ 0.05％トリトンX-100/1％ヤギ血清を追加し、室温で2時間インキュベートする。ドーパミン作動性ニューロン及び文化の特性を検出するために使用することができる一次抗体は、材料表に示されている。キープ異なる二次抗体の背景で評価する一次抗体なしのウェル1。 </li><li>培地を除去し、10分間、PBS / 0.2％ゼラチンで3回洗う。 </li><li> 、培地を除去し、300μlの/ウェルのPBSで希釈した二次抗体/ 0.05％トリトンX-100/1％ヤギ血清を追加し、暗所で、室温で1時間インキュベートする。使用した二次抗体は、材料表に示されている。 </li><li>培地を除去し、10分間、PBS / 0.2％ゼラチンで3回洗う。 </li><li>メディア取り出し、PBSで3回洗浄する。 </li><li>ダウンVECTASHIELDのドロップガラススライドセル側のカバースリップをマウントします。その後、4℃で保管してください、封入剤の乾燥をさせ、室温で一晩スライドを保管してください。 </li><li>共焦点顕微鏡又は落射蛍光のために装備位相差顕微鏡を用いて画像を取得する。代表的な画像は、ライカSP2 UV共焦点顕微鏡で取得した。 </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
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D., Xia, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+complex+I+inhibition+is+not+required+for+dopaminergic+neuron+death+induced+by+rotenone,+MPP+,+or+paraquat.">Mitochondrial complex I inhibition is not required for dopaminergic neuron death induced by rotenone, MPP+, or paraquat.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105, 15136-15141 (2008).</li><li>Trancikova, A., Ramonet, D., Moore, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+mouse+models+of+neurodegenerative+diseases.">Genetic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases.</a> Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 100, 419-482 (2011).</li><li>Gao, H. M., Liu, B., Zhang, W., Hong, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+role+of+microglial+NADPH+oxidase-derived+free+radicals+in+the+in+vitro+MPTP+model+of+Parkinson's+disease.">Critical role of microglial NADPH oxidase-derived free radicals in the in vitro MPTP model of Parkinson's disease.</a> FASEB J. 17, 1954-1956 (2003).</li><li>Lin, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditional+expression+of+Parkinson's+disease-related+mutant+alpha-synuclein+in+the+midbrain+dopaminergic+neurons+causes+progressive+neurodegeneration+and+degradation+of+transcription+factor+nuclear+receptor+related+1.">Conditional expression of Parkinson's disease-related mutant alpha-synuclein in the midbrain dopaminergic neurons causes progressive neurodegeneration and degradation of transcription factor nuclear receptor related 1.</a> J Neurosci. 32, 9248-9264 (2012).</li><li>Bye, C. R., Thompson, L. H., Parish, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Birth+dating+of+midbrain+dopamine+neurons+identifies+A9+enriched+tissue+for+transplantation+into+parkinsonian+mice.">Birth dating of midbrain dopamine neurons identifies A9 enriched tissue for transplantation into parkinsonian mice.</a> Exp Neurol. 236, 58-68 (2012).</li><li>Ramonet, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopaminergic+neuronal+loss,+reduced+neurite+complexity+and+autophagic+abnormalities+in+transgenic+mice+expressing+G2019S+mutant+LRRK2.">Dopaminergic neuronal loss, reduced neurite complexity and autophagic abnormalities in transgenic mice expressing G2019S mutant LRRK2.</a> PLoS One. 6 (e18568), (2011).</li><li>Prestoz, L., Jaber, M., Gaillard, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dopaminergic+axon+guidance:+which+makes+what.">Dopaminergic axon guidance: which makes what.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 6, (2012).</li><li>Nunes, I., Tovmasian, L. 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The authors have nothing to disclose.

このプロトコルは、ドーパミン作動性ニューロンを検出するために、胚性マウスと免疫蛍光手順から中脳ニューロンの初代培養を調製するのに必要な手順および試薬を提供する。手順の重要なステップは、胚の解剖し、収集脳断片の機械的解離である。高品質の解剖器具解剖技術を習得するのに役立ちます。 DAニューロンは、中脳のごく一部を構成している。したがって、腹側中脳の右側部?...

ドーパミンは、本質的な脳の神経伝達物質1,2の一方は、主として中脳ドーパミン作動性（DA）ニューロンによって放出される。 DAニューロンの大部分は、中脳2-6の腹の部分に存在します。概略的に、中脳DAニューロンは3解剖学的および機能的に異なる投影システムに分けることができます。mesostriatal、中脳辺縁系、および中間皮質経路2,5。前頭前皮質に突出するドーパミン作動性経路が認知2に関係しているのに対し、黒質線条体経路は、中脳辺縁系経路が強化、モチベーション、学習に重要な役割を果たし、運動行動に関与している。 DAニューロンは、統合失調症、注意欠陥、過活動障害、及びパーキンソン病（PD）2,4のようないくつかのヒト神経疾患に関与している。 PDは、黒質を接続するDAニューロンの進行性かつ選択的な変性によって特徴づけられる線条体への緻密部（SNC）。 PDの運動症状の責任がある線条体における深刻なドーパミン枯渇黒質線条体DAニューロン結果の損失（動作緩慢、安静時振戦、及び剛性）7。線条体におけるドーパミンレベルの復元を目指し、特発性PDの初期の原因は確立されておらず、現在の治療法は対症療法のみである。最も多く処方された薬物は、L-ドーパ（レボドパ）、ドーパミンの自然な前駆体である。レボドパの投与は、一定時間ドーパミンの損失を補償するのに、運動合併症は、長期間の治療（ジスキネジーおよびオン/オフ状態）8,9を生じる。 ドーパミン作動性ニューロンおよびPDの研究は、一定の進行であり、強烈な努力が細胞移植、遺伝子治療、または神経保護剤10,11に基づいて治療法を開発するために行われている。しかし、大きな問題は、非解明のまま：極端なvulnerabの原因が何であるかDAニューロンのility？その答えの一部は、DAニューロンの活動で見つけることができます。電気的活動およびDAニューロンの興奮性の減少は、12を縮退させる彼らの傾向を増大させると思われる。それにもかかわらず、PDの病因の複雑さは、DAニューロンに関与する機構は13-15退化識別するために、さらなる研究が必要である。 初代培養は、DAニューロンの性質16-19を研究すると、神経保護剤20〜24の評価のためにさまざまなストレスにこれらのニューロンに挑戦することが特に関連しています。ラット培養モデルは、ほとんどの場合、ラット胚中脳の解剖が容易であるように、マウスと比べて、ニューロンのより高い量は、ラットで得ることができ、使用されている。しかし、病気25のトランスジェニックマウスモデルの生成が大幅にマウス26-29からの初代培養のための神経科学コミュニティの関心が高まっている。広報文化ものの生まれたばかりの動物からepared使用することができ、それが神経細胞が分化する能力を保持しているときには、有糸分裂後の段階（中脳の神経細胞のためE13.5）で胚からそれらを準備することをお勧めします。以下のプロトコルを準備することが最も困難であるマウス胚（E13.5）からの初代培養中の単離中脳ニューロンを提示します。注目すべきことに、私たちは、より良い再現性のために、無血清培地を使用してプロトコルを提供する。培養の準備（解剖および機械的解離）内の2つの最も重要なステップは慎重に関連したビデオの中で詳細に説明する。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1291">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>14-801F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">DMEM 4.5g/L Glucose with L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>BE12-604F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">0.05% Trypsin-EDTA (1X), Phenol Red&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">15140122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-glutamine, 200 mM Solution</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25030123</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium/Nutrient Mixture F-12 Ham</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>D0547</td>
			<td>Powder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Laminin - 1 mg/mL in Tris buffered NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">L2020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Poly-L-Ornithine hydrobromide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td>P3655</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Insulin from porcine pancreas</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">I5523</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">apo-Transferrin human</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">T1147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Putrescine dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">P5780</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Progesterone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">P8783</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Sodium selenite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">S5261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">H4034&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">G7126</td>
			<td>Stock solution 1M in water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gelatin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">G9391</td>
			<td>Stock solution 2% (w/v) in water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">T8532</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde 16% in water</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">RT 15710-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">106329</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D(+)-Glucose, Monohydrate</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td>4074-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Hydrochloric acid - c(HCl) = 1 mol/l (1 N) Titripur</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">109057</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Sterile water - Aqua B. Braun</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:139px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Ethanol absolute NORMAPUR analytical reagent</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">20821.321</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Sterile Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>82050-566</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Pasteur pipettes plain glass - Wilhem Ulbrich GdbR.</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>612-2297</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Counting chamber Malassez</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">631-0975</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Serum Acrodisc Syringe Filter with Supor Membrane, Sterile, GF/0.2 &#181;m, 37 mm</td>
			<td>PALL Life science</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">4525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Surgical Scissors - Straight, sharp-sharp, 14.5 cm long</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14002-14</td>
			<td>To open the abdominal wall</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scissors - Straight, pointed, delicate, 10 cm long</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">MORIA</td>
			<td>4877A</td>
			<td>To open the uterine wall</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Forceps - Curved, usual, serrated jaws 1 mm</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">MORIA</td>
			<td>2183</td>
			<td>To manipulate embryos</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Vannas Scissors - Curved, pointed, 7 mm blades</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">MORIA</td>
			<td>MC50</td>
			<td>To take out the mesencephalon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultra Fine Forceps - Curved, delicate, 13 cm long</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">MORIA</td>
			<td>9987</td>
			<td>To remove meninges</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD BioCoat Poly-D-Lysine 24-well Multiwell Plates</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">356414</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD Falcon 12-well Cell Culture Plate, flat-bottom with lid</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">353043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SuperFrost Microscope Slides, Ground edges 90&#186;</td>
			<td>MENZEL-GL&#196;SER</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AG00008032E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Precision cover glasses thickness No. 1.5H circular 18 mm &#216;</td>
			<td>MARIENFELD</td>
			<td>117580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) Antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5622</td>
			<td>1/200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD67) Antibody, clone 1G10.2</td>
			<td>Chemicon Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB5406</td>
			<td>1/400</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Monoclonal Rat Anti-Dopamine Transporter (DAT) Antibody, clone DAT-Nt&#160;</td>
			<td>Chemicon Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB369</td>
			<td>1/500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Monoclonal Mouse Anti-5-HT Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:176px;"></td>
			<td style="width:139px;"></td>
			<td>1/8,000 - Generous gift from Yves Charnay (Swizerland, Yves.Charnay@hcuge.ch)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Goat Serum, New Zealand Origin</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">16210-064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa Fluor 405 Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">A-31556</td>
			<td>1/200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa Fluor 488 Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11001</td>
			<td>1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa Fluor 594 Goat Anti-Rat IgG (H+L) Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11007</td>
			<td>1/1000</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">VECTASHIELD HardSet Mounting Medium</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss microscopy</td>
			<td>Stemi-2000C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:507px;">Bunsen Burner FIREBOY</td>
			<td style="width:176px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">451-0136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

primary culture of mouse dopaminergic neurons

ドーパミン作動性ニューロンは、脳におけるニューロンの総数の1％未満を表す。ニューロンのこの低い量は、モータ制御、モチベーション、およびワーキングメモリなどの重要な脳の機能を調節する。黒質線条体ドーパミン作動性ニューロンを選択的にパーキンソン病（PD）に変性する。この進行性の神経細胞の損失は、明確に病理のモータ症状（動作緩慢、安静時振戦、筋固縮と）に関連付けられています。ドーパミン作動性ニューロン変性の責任を主剤はまだ不明です。しかし、これらのニューロンは、多様な条件で非常に脆弱であることが表示されます。初代培養は、ドーパミン作動性ニューロンの特性および特徴を調べるため、最も関連性の高いモデルの一つを構成する。これらの培養物を停止またはニューロン変性を遅くするために、PDの病理を模倣するさまざまなストレス剤および神経保護化合物に提出することができます。 GENERていたPDの多数のトランスジェニックマウスモデル過去10年間にatedはさらにドーパミン作動性ニューロン培養のための研究者の関心を増大させた。ここで、ビデオプロトコルは、マウス胎児の脳の繊細な解剖に焦点を当てています。腹側中脳の正確な切除がその後の研究を可能にするためにドーパミン作動性細胞において十分に豊富な神経細胞培養を得ることが重要です。このプロトコルは、胚のトランスジェニックマウスを用いて実現し、免疫蛍光染色、定量P​​CR、セカンドメッセンジャーの定量化、または神経細胞死/生存性評価に適していることができます。

中脳培養ステップの例示フローチャートを図1に示す。簡単に述べると、妊娠中のスイスマウスからE13.5の胚を収集した後、腹側中脳全体の胚から切開される。分離された脳の断片を連続酵素消化および機械的解離に送信されます。解離した細胞を、培養培地中に再懸濁し、プレコーティング12または24ウェルプレートに播種し、遠心分離によりペレット化する。細胞は、培地交換?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons at JoVE.com

Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons

Dopaminergic neurons play a vital regulatory role in the brain. Their loss is associated with Parkinson's disease. In this video, we show how to generate primary cultures of central dopaminergic neurons from embryonic mouse mesencephalon. Such cultures are useful to study the extreme vulnerability of these neurons to various stresses.

マウスドーパミン作動性ニューロンの初代培養

Dopaminergic neurons represent less than 1% of the total number of neurons in the brain. This low amount of neurons regulates important brain functions ...

primary-culture-of-mouse-dopaminergic-neurons

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

37.5K ビュー.  Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier. Dopaminergic neurons play a vital regulatory role in the brain. Their loss is associated with Parkinson's disease. In this video, we show how to generate primary cultures of central dopaminergic neurons from embryonic mouse mesencephalon. Such cultures are useful to study the extreme vulnerability of these neurons to various stresses.

ビデオ: Primary Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic Neurons

Nucleofection and Primary Culture of Embryonic Mouse Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons

Hippocampal and cortical neurons have been used extensively to study central nervous system (CNS) neuronal polarization, axon/dendrite outgrowth, and synapse formation and function. An advantage of culturing these neurons is that they readily polarize, forming distinctive axons and dendrites, on a two dimensional substrate at very low densities. This property has made them extremely useful for determining many aspects of neuronal development. Furthermore, by providing glial conditioning for these neurons they will continue to develop, forming functional synaptic connections and surviving for several months in culture. In this protocol we outline a technique to dissect, culture and transfect embryonic mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons. Transfection is accomplished by electroporating DNA into the neurons before plating via nucleofection. This protocol has the advantage of expressing fluorescently-tagged fusion proteins early in development (~4-8hrs after plating) to study the dynamics and function of proteins during polarization, axon outgrowth and branching. We have also discovered that this single transfection before plating maintains fluorescently-tagged fusion protein expression at levels appropriate for imaging throughout the lifetime of the neuron (&gt; 2 months in culture). Thus, this methodology is useful for studying protein localization and function throughout CNS development with little or no disruption of neuronal function.

This protocol outlines the steps required to dissect, transfect via electroporation and culture mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons. Short-term cultures may be used for studies of axon outgrowth and guidance, while long-term cultures can be used for studies of synaptogenesis and dendritic spine analysis.

Nucleofectionとマウス胎児海馬および皮質ニューロンの初代培養

Hippocampal and cortical neurons have been used extensively to study central nervous system (CNS) neuronal polarization, axon/dendrite outgrowth, and ...

神経科学

Bilaminar Co-culture of Primary Rat Cortical Neurons and Glia

This video will guide you through the process of culturing rat cortical neurons in the presence of a glial feeder layer, a system known as a bilaminar or co-culture model. This system is suitable for a variety of experimental needs requiring either a glass or plastic growth substrate and can also be used for culture of other types of neurons.
Rat cortical neurons obtained from the late embryonic stage (E17) are plated on glass coverslips or tissue culture dishes facing a feeder layer of glia grown on dishes or plastic coverslips (known as Thermanox), respectively. The choice between the two configurations depends on the specific experimental technique used, which may require, or not, that neurons are grown on glass (e.g. calcium imaging versus Western blot). The glial feeder layer, an astroglia-enriched secondary culture of mixed glia, is separately prepared from the cortices of newborn rat pups (P2-4) prior to the neuronal dissection.
A major advantage of this culture system as compared to a culture of neurons only is the support of neuronal growth, survival, and differentiation provided by trophic factors secreted from the glial feeder layer, which more accurately resembles the brain environment in vivo. Furthermore, the co-culture can be used to study neuronal-glial interactions1.
At the same time, glia contamination in the neuronal layer is prevented by different means (low density culture, addition of mitotic inhibitors, lack of serum and use of optimized culture medium) leading to a virtually pure neuronal layer, comparable to other established methods1-3. Neurons can be easily separated from the glial layer at any time during culture and used for different experimental applications ranging from electrophysiology4, cellular and molecular biology5-8, biochemistry5, imaging and microscopy4,6,7,9,10. The primary neurons extend axons and dendrites to form functional synapses11, a process which is not observed in neuronal cell lines, although some cell lines do extend processes.
A detailed protocol of culturing rat hippocampal neurons using this co-culture system has been described previously4,12,13. Here we detail a modified protocol suited for cortical neurons. As approximately 20x106 cells are recovered from each rat embryo, this method is particularly useful for experiments requiring large numbers of neurons (but not concerned about a highly homogenous neuronal population). The preparation of neurons and glia needs to be planned in a time-specific manner. We will provide the step-by-step protocol for culturing rat cortical neurons as well as culturing glial cells to support the neurons.

Here we provide a protocol for culturing rat cortical neurons in the presence of a glial feeder layer. The cultured neurons establish polarity and create synapses, and can be separated from the glia for use in various applications, such as electrophysiology, calcium imaging, cell survival assays, immunocytochemistry, and RNA/DNA/protein isolation.

初代ラット皮質ニューロンとグリアのBilaminarの共培養

This video will guide you through the process of culturing rat cortical neurons in the presence of a glial feeder layer, a system known as a bilaminar or ...

Dissection and Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic and Striatal Explants in Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Assays

Midbrain dopamine (mdDA) neurons project via the medial forebrain bundle towards several areas in the telencephalon, including the striatum1. Reciprocally, medium spiny neurons in the striatum that give rise to the striatonigral (direct) pathway innervate the substantia nigra2. The development of these axon tracts is dependent upon the combinatorial actions of a plethora of axon growth and guidance cues including molecules that are released by neurites or by (intermediate) target regions3,4. These soluble factors can be studied in vitro by culturing mdDA and/or striatal explants in a collagen matrix which provides a three-dimensional substrate for the axons mimicking the extracellular environment. In addition, the collagen matrix allows for the formation of relatively stable gradients of proteins released by other explants or cells placed in the vicinity (e.g. see references 5 and 6). Here we describe methods for the purification of rat tail collagen, microdissection of dopaminergic and striatal explants, their culture in collagen gels and subsequent immunohistochemical and quantitative analysis. First, the brains of E14.5 mouse embryos are isolated and dopaminergic and striatal explants are microdissected. These explants are then (co)cultured in collagen gels on coverslips for 48 to 72 hours in vitro. Subsequently, axonal projections are visualized using neuronal markers (e.g. tyrosine hydroxylase, DARPP32, or &beta;III tubulin) and axon growth and attractive or repulsive axon responses are quantified. This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of mesostriatal and striatonigral axon growth and guidance during development. Using this assay, it is also possible to assess other (intermediate) targets for dopaminergic and striatal axons or to test specific molecular cues.

Explants from the midbrain dopamine system and striatum are used in a collagen matrix assay for the in vitro analysis of mesostriatal and striatonigral pathway development. In this assay axonal outgrowth and guidance can be manipulated and quantified. It can also be modified for assessing other regions or molecular cues.

三次元コラーゲンマトリックスアッセイにおけるマウスのドーパミンと線条体片の解剖と文化

Midbrain dopamine (mdDA) neurons project via the medial forebrain bundle towards several areas in the telencephalon, including the striatum1. ...

Calcium Phosphate Transfection of Primary Hippocampal Neurons

Calcium phosphate precipitation is a convenient and economical method for transfection of cultured cells. With optimization, it is possible to use this method on hard-to-transfect cells like primary neurons. Here we describe our detailed protocol for calcium phosphate transfection of hippocampal neurons cocultured with astroglial cells.

初代海馬ニューロンのリン酸カルシウムトランスフェクション

Calcium phosphate precipitation is a convenient and economical method for transfection of cultured cells. With optimization, it is possible to use this ...

Isolation, Culture and Long-Term Maintenance of Primary Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons From Embryonic Rodent Brains

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes involved in physiological functions and vulnerability and death of these neurons is imparative to understanding the underlying causes and unraveling the cure for this common neurodegenerative disorder. Primary cultures of mesDA neurons provide a tool for investigation of the molecular, biochemical and electrophysiological properties, in order to understand the development, long-term survival and degeneration of these neurons during the course of disease. Here we present a detailed method for the isolation, culturing and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from E12.5 mouse (or E14.5 rat) embryos. Optimized cell culture conditions in this protocol result in presence of axonal and dendritic projections, synaptic connections and other neuronal morphological properties, which make the cultures suitable for study of the physiological, cell biological and molecular characteristics of this neuronal population.

The causes of degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons during Parkinson&#8217;s disease are not fully understood. Cellular culture systems provide an essential tool for study of the neurophysiological properties of these neurons. Here we present an optimized protocol, which can be utilized for in vitro modeling of neurodegeneration.

胚性齧歯類の脳から単離、プライマリ脳ドーパミンニューロンの文化と長期メンテナンス

Degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson&#8217;s diseae. Study of the biological processes ...

Modeling Neuronal Death and Degeneration in Mouse Primary Cerebellar Granule Neurons

Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are a commonly used neuronal model, forming an abundant homogeneous population in the cerebellum. In light of their post-natal development, abundance, and accessibility, CGNs are an ideal model to study neuronal processes, including neuronal development, neuronal migration, and physiological neuronal activity stimulation. In addition, CGN cultures provide an excellent model for studying different modes of cell death including excitotoxicity and apoptosis. Within a week in culture, CGNs express N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, a specific ionotropic glutamate receptor with many critical functions in neuronal health and disease. The addition of low concentrations of NMDA in conjunction with membrane depolarization to rodent primary CGN cultures has been used to model physiological neuronal activity stimulation while the addition of high concentrations of NMDA can be employed to model excitotoxic neuronal injury. Here, a method of isolation and culturing of CGNs from 6 day old pups as well as genetic manipulation of CGNs by adenoviruses and lentiviruses are described. We also present optimized protocols on how to stimulate NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, low-potassium-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage following transduction of these neurons.

This protocol describes a simple method for isolating and culturing primary mouse cerebral granule neurons (CGNs) from 6-7 day old pups, efficient transduction of CGNs for loss and gain of function studies, and modelling NMDA-induced neuronal excitotoxicity, low-potassium-induced cell death, DNA-damage, and oxidative stress using the same culture model.

神経細胞死とマウス プライマリ小脳顆粒ニューロンの変性をモデリング

Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are a commonly used neuronal model, forming an abundant homogeneous population in the cerebellum. In light of their ...

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health crisis which is characterized by insulin signaling impairment and chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues. The hypothalamus in the central nervous system (CNS) is the control center for energy and insulin signal response regulation. Chronic inflammation in peripheral tissues and imbalances of certain chemokines (such as CCL5, TNF&#945;, and IL-6) contribute to diabetes and obesity. However, the functional mechanism(s) connecting chemokines and hypothalamic insulin signal regulation still remain unclear.
In vitro primary neuron culture models are convenient and simple models which can be used to investigate insulin signal regulation in hypothalamic neurons. In this study, we introduced exogeneous GLUT4 protein conjugated with GFP (GFP-GLUT4) into primary hypothalamic neurons to track GLUT4 membrane translocation upon insulin stimulation. Time-lapse images of GFP-GLUT4 protein trafficking were recorded by deconvolution microscopy, which allowed users to generate high-speed, high-resolution images without damaging the neurons significantly while conducting the experiment. The contribution of CCR5 in insulin regulated GLUT4 translocation was observed in CCR5 deficient hypothalamic neurons, which were isolated and cultured from CCR5 knockout mice. Our results demonstrated that the GLUT4 membrane translocation efficiency was reduced in CCR5 deficient hypothalamic neurons after insulin stimulation.

This protocol describes a technique for observation of real-time Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) tagged Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein trafficking upon insulin stimulation and characterization of the biological role of CCR5 in the insulin&#8211;GLUT4 signaling pathway with Deconvolution Microscopy.

GLUT4 タンパク質デコンボリューション顕微鏡を用いたマウス一次視床下部ニューロンにおける人身売買のライブ映像

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health crisis which is characterized by insulin signaling impairment and chronic inflammation in peripheral ...

Primary Cell Culture of Purified GABAergic or Glutamatergic Neurons Established through Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

The overall goal of this protocol is to generate purified neuronal cultures derived from either GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons. Purified neurons can be cultured in defined media for 16 days in vitro and are amenable to any analyses typically performed on dissociated cultures, including electrophysiological, morphological and survival analyses. The major advantage of these cultures is that specific cell types can be selectively studied in the absence of complex external influences, such as those arising from glial cells or other neuron types. When planning experiments with purified cells, however, it is important to note that neurons strongly depend on glia-conditioned media for their growth and survival. In addition, glutamatergic neurons further depend on glia-secreted factors for the establishment of synaptic transmission. We therefore also describe a method for co-culturing neurons and glial cells in a non-contact arrangement. Using these methods, we have identified major differences between the development of GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal networks. Thus, studying cultures of purified neurons has great potential for furthering our understanding of how the nervous system develops and functions. Moreover, purified cultures may be useful for investigating the direct action of pharmacological agents, growth factors or for exploring the consequences of genetic manipulations on specific cell types. As more and more transgenic animals become available, labeling additional specific cell types of interest, we expect that the protocols described here will grow in their applicability and potential.

This protocol describes a cell sorting based method for the purification and culture of fluorescent GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons from the neocortex and hippocampus of postnatal mice or rats.

蛍光活性化細胞選別により確立された精製 GABAergic または Glutamatergic ニューロンの初代細胞培養

The overall goal of this protocol is to generate purified neuronal cultures derived from either GABAergic or glutamatergic neurons. Purified neurons can ...

Primary Culture of Neurons Isolated from Embryonic Mouse Cerebellum

The use of primary cell cultures has become one of the major tools to study the nervous system in vitro. The ultimate goal of using this simplified model system is to provide a controlled microenvironment and maintain the high survival rate and the natural features of dissociated neuronal and nonneuronal cells as much as possible under in vitro conditions. In this article, we demonstrate a method of isolating primary neurons from the developing mouse cerebellum, placing them in an in vitro environment, establishing their growth, and monitoring their viability and differentiation for several weeks. This method is applicable to embryonic neurons dissociated from cerebellum between embryonic days 12&ndash;18.

Conducting in vitro experiments to reflect in vivo conditions as adequately as possible is not an easy task. The use of primary cell cultures is an important step toward understanding cell biology in a whole organism. The provided protocol outlines how to successfully grow and culture embryonic mouse cerebellar neurons.

胚性マウス小脳から単離されたニューロンの一次培養

The use of primary cell cultures has become one of the major tools to study the nervous system in vitro. The ultimate goal of using this simplified model ...

Ballistic Labeling of Pyramidal Neurons in Brain Slices and in Primary Cell Culture

It has been reported that the size and shape of dendritic spines is related to their structural plasticity. To identify the morphological structure of pyramidal neurons and dendritic spines, a ballistic labeling technique can be utilized. In the present protocol, pyramidal neurons are labeled with DilC18(3) dye and analyzed using neuronal reconstruction software to assess neuronal morphology and dendritic spines. To investigate neuronal structure, dendritic branching analysis and Sholl analysis are performed, allowing researchers to draw inferences about dendritic branching complexity and neuronal arbor complexity, respectively. The evaluation of dendritic spines is conducted using an automatic assisted classification algorithm integral to the reconstruction software, which classifies spines into four categories (i.e., thin, mushroom, stubby, filopodia). Furthermore, an additional three parameters (i.e., length, head diameter, and volume) are also chosen to assess alterations in dendritic spine morphology. To validate the potential of wide application of the ballistic labeling technique, pyramidal neurons from in vitro cell culture were successfully labeled. Overall, the ballistic labeling method is unique and useful for visualizing neurons in different brain regions in rats, which in combination with sophisticated reconstruction software, allows researchers to elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying neurocognitive dysfunction.

We present a protocol to label and analyze pyramidal neurons, which is critical for evaluating potential morphological alterations in neurons and dendritic spines that may underlie neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities.

脳スライスと一次細胞培養における錐体ニューロンの弾道標識

It has been reported that the size and shape of dendritic spines is related to their structural plasticity. To identify the morphological structure of ...