The evolution of the device started with somewhat different cutting prototype demonstrated at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) mouse club by Bass Hassan, following this there were several discussions with Rob Rudling and Nikki Mandir in the containment facility at ICRF Clare Hall. Jo Kitau of the mechanical workshop at ICRF constructed the initial versions and Andy Lucas designed and perfected the final model in the CRUK workshop in Oxford.

様々な実験手順と人道的な安楽死は、ホスト機関の倫理委員会によって、適切な規制当局によって承認されています。安楽死は、通常、頸椎脱臼に続いてCO 2窒息を使用して達成されます。 1.デバイス<ol><li>この原稿に記載されているように、高密度アセチル樹脂の固体ブロックのうちから機械装置の基部の主要部分を、。各終わりに棒を取るために、これらの2.5ミリメートル畑のうち、3ミリメートル、高上昇ストリップ、及び一部のマシンを作成します （図2と図3を参照）。 </li><li>丸められた端部を備えた2.4ミリメートルの直径のステンレス鋼からの棒を作ります。 注：蓋のメインフレームは、ジュラルミン板から機械加工されました。完成したデバイスの数は限られて博士グッドラードから入手可能です。 </li></ol>デバイスの2. <ol><li>はさみを使用して腹腔から小腸および結腸を解剖そして、手袋をはめた指。曲がったピンセットでそれを保持し、ゆっくりと腸から離れて引いて、腸間膜を削除します。 </li><li>それが10または20ミリリットルルアーフィッティングプラスチックシリンジに合うことができるように、その広い端で切られていたギルソンタイプのピペットチップを使用して、冷リン酸緩衝生理食塩水（PBS、pH7.4）で腸を洗浄します。 </li><li>紙タオルのシート上に小腸（SB）をレイアウトし、長さ（基端部、中間、および遠位 - SB1、SB2とSB3）に3等分に分割はさみを使用して。盲腸を削除し、コロンをレイアウト。 </li><li>ハサミで腸のセグメントにいくつかの非常に小さなカットは、流体が脱出し、腸の上に紙タオルのシートを置き、静かに液体を絞り出す、乾燥ブロットする準備の上で指を実行できるようにしてください。 </li><li>セクションを持ち上げて、以前にリン酸緩衝生理食塩水の入ったビーカーに浸漬して湿らせたステンレス製の棒を挿入します。 注：腸ですることができます必要に応じて（裏返し）verted。 </li><li>デバイスのベースに適合するようにサイズにカットカードやフィルター紙のラベルを付けます。それは事実上すべてのソリューションの影響を受けないよう鉛筆は、最高です。剖検日付は、実験的なコードや動物識別番号が提案されています。 </li><li>装置の基部にカードまたはろ紙を置きます。デバイスのベースのスロットにロッド、腸を挿入します。セグメントの近位端が標準化された方法で配置されていることを確認します。近位端は、カードのラベルの近くにある必要があります。 </li><li>ベースの上にデバイスのトップピースを置きます。縦方向のセクションをカットする手術用メスの刃を案内するための角度付きのバーを使用します。 注：組織を穏やかにし、慎重にナイフで移動しないことを確実にするために指で開催されている場合に役立ちます。 </li><li>デバイスのトップ部分を削除します。慎重に（その棒の上にまだ）ろ紙と組織を除去します。 注：FILの下に配置硬いカードの一枚ター紙がリフティングを支援します。 </li><li>セグメント（PBSに浸した手袋をはめた指先で）やや湿りました。腸を開き、平らそれを広めるために左右にロッド、サイドをロールバックします。組織はその後、ろ紙に付着します。 </li><li>視覚的に任意の肉眼的病変の準備を調べます。 </li><li>浅い浴（またはサンドイッチボックス）を含む固定液にろ紙に付着した組織を転送します。 注：組織は、ろ紙に付着するか、カードにそれがしっかりと取り付けられたままになります後。固定剤の広範囲の製剤を保持するために使用することができます。これは、カルノア液が最良の細胞増殖法のための理想的な固定である腸細胞増殖で6、の研究のために使用することをお勧めします。他のエンドポイントが必要な場合は、ホルマリンまたはその他の多くの固定剤を使用することもできます。 </li><li>固定（通常3時間）した後、70％エタノールに準備を移します。次いで、試料を、必要になるまで保存することができます。準備のC顔専用検討及び/又はH＆Eまたは他の組織学的染色技術、免疫組織化学および/ ​​またはin situハイブリダイゼーションのための組織サンプルの調製のために使用されます。 注：長期固定および/ ​​またはin situハイブリダイゼーション反応において免疫組織化学的反応性を減少させることができます。ポリプロピレンサンドイッチボックスは、製剤の多数を格納するための理想的です。 </li><li>必要に応じて種々の腸セグメントからの固定組織は、「スイスロール」にされ、上述のものを含む組織学的方法6の全範囲を用いて染色することができます。 「スイスロール」を行うには、腸のセグメントは、昆虫学、ピンで固定し、ワックスが6を埋め込 ​​むために処理カクテルスティックや爪楊枝に巻き付けろ紙、から削除されます。 </li><li>必要に応じて、異常な陰窩巣7を可視化するためにメチレンブルーとバルク組織を染色します。 </li><li>固定された準備をスコアレジャー。 </li></ol>

<ol><li>Goodlad, R. A. Cancer Handbook. Alison, M. R. , John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. 243-262 (2007).</li>
<li>Ward, J. M., Treuting, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Rodent+intestinal+epithelial+carcinogenesis%3A+pathology+and+preclinical+models%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Toxicol+Pathol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Rodent intestinal epithelial carcinogenesis: pathology and preclinical models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 42, 148-161 (2014).</li>
<li>Sundberg, J. P., Hogenesch, H., Nikitin, A. Y., Treuting, P. M., Ward, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Training+mouse+pathologists%3A+ten+years+of+workshops+on+the+Pathology+of+Mouse+Models+of+Human+Disease%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Toxicol+Pathol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Training mouse pathologists: ten years of workshops on the Pathology of Mouse Models of Human Disease.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 40, 823-825 (2012).</li>
<li>Wasan, H. S., Novelli, M., Bee, J., Bodmer, W. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dietary+fat+influences+on+polyp+phenotype+in+multiple+intestinal+neoplasia+mice%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Proc+Natl+Acade+Sci+USA%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dietary fat influences on polyp phenotype in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice.</a> Proc Natl Acade Sci USA. 94, 3308-3313 (1997).</li>
<li>Rudling, R., Hassan, A. B., Kitau, J., Mandir, N., Goodlad, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+simple+device+to+rapidly+prepare+whole+mounts+of+murine+intestine%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell+Prolif%22%5BJournal%5D)">A simple device to rapidly prepare whole mounts of murine intestine.</a> Cell Prolif. 39, 415-420 (2006).</li>
<li>Alferez, D., Goodlad, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((To+best+measure+cell+proliferation+in+samples+from+the+intestine%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell+Prolif%22%5BJournal%5D)">To best measure cell proliferation in samples from the intestine.</a> Cell Prolif. 40, 231-240 (2007).</li>
<li>Park, H. S., Goodlad, R. A., Wright, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+incidence+of+aberrant+crypt+foci+and+colonic+carcinoma+in+dimethylhydrazine-treated+rats+varies+in+a+site-specific+manner+and+depends+on+tumor+histology%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cancer+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">The incidence of aberrant crypt foci and colonic carcinoma in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats varies in a site-specific manner and depends on tumor histology.</a> Cancer Res. 57, 4507-4510 (1997).</li>
<li>Park, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Effects+of+epidermal+growth+factor+and+dimethylhydrazine+on+crypt+size%2C+cell+proliferation%2C+and+crypt+fission+in+the+rat+colon.+Cell+proliferation+and+crypt+fission+are+controlled+independently%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Am+J+Pathol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Effects of epidermal growth factor and dimethylhydrazine on crypt size, cell proliferation, and crypt fission in the rat colon. Cell proliferation and crypt fission are controlled independently.</a> Am J Pathol. 151, 843-852 (1997).</li>
<li>Femia, A. P., Dolara, P., Caderni, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Mucin-depleted+foci+%28MDF%29+in+the+colon+of+rats+treated+with+azoxymethane+%28AOM%29+are+useful+biomarkers+for+colon+carcinogenesis%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Carcinogenesis%22%5BJournal%5D)">Mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the colon of rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM) are useful biomarkers for colon carcinogenesis.</a> Carcinogenesis. 25, 277-281 (2004).</li>
<li>Ruehl-Fehlert, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Revised+guides+for+organ+sampling+and+trimming+in+rats+and+mice--part+1%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Exp+Toxicol+Pathol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice--part 1.</a> Exp Toxicol Pathol. 55, 91-106 (2003).</li>
<li>Goodlad, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Inhibiting+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+receptor-2+signaling+reduces+tumor+burden+in+the+ApcMin%2F%2B+mouse+model+of+early+intestinal+cancer%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Carcinogenesis%22%5BJournal%5D)">Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling reduces tumor burden in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of early intestinal cancer.</a> Carcinogenesis. 27, 2133-2139 (2006).</li>
<li>Mandir, N., Englyst, H., Goodlad, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Resistant+carbohydrates+stimulate+cell+proliferation+and+crypt+fission+in+wild-type+mice+and+in+the+Apc%28Min%2F%2B%29+mouse+model+of+intestinal+cancer%2C+association+with+enhanced+polyp+development%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Br+J+Nutr%22%5BJournal%5D)">Resistant carbohydrates stimulate cell proliferation and crypt fission in wild-type mice and in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal cancer, association with enhanced polyp development.</a> Br J Nutr. 100, 711-721 (2008).</li>
</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

2つの演算子が完全に6分以内にマウスを剖検することができるようにデバイスを大幅にプロセスをスピードアップします。これは明らかな肉眼的病変と計量と主要な臓器を固定するための目視検査が含まれます。また、オペレータは、すすぎブロットと胃、盲腸、小腸および結腸の重さと全体のマウントを準備することができます。フラット化組織は非常に迅速に固定され、したがって、分?...

マウスおよび遺伝子改変マウス1-3は、様々な病理特に癌および胃腸管の炎症との関係の研究のための貴重なモデルです。これは多くの場合、小腸および/または結腸のホールマウントの準備が必要です。 ホールマウントの準備はオフセットはさみの精密ペアで行うことができますが、それはマウス 4当たり約20分を取ることができます。これは、マウスのかなりの量を必要とする比較研究のための非常に実用的ではありません（統計分析にグループ対象ごとに10を言います）。また、撮影した時間の長さは、組織の劣化の危険性を増大させます。この問題を軽減しようとすると、さまざまな切削製剤助剤の試験につながりました。最初は、切削溝と、金属プレートのシリーズに基づいているが、プレートは、組織を不明瞭にし、切断を制御することが困難でした。 conventiona私たちはその後、半分鉛筆の形状はメスのための良いガイド（ 図1）を作成する方法を見ることができるようリットル六面鉛筆は、最終的に、切断装置のためのインスピレーションを提供しました。これは、4切断ガイド5とフレームのデザインになりました。 図4の準備がはさみ準備とデバイスの準備の間の差を実証するように、このデバイスの有効性は劇的でした。 元のデバイスの頂部は、金属のいくつかの部分が、後のものから構成され、現在のモデルは、ジュラルミンの固体片から機械加工されました。ベースは、最高品質の高密度樹脂から機械加工しました。 デバイスは、それが大幅に高速化し、広範囲の用途を持つ製剤の品質と一貫性を向上させるように、マウス腸のホールマウントを調製するための非常に有用であることが証明されています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Delrin</td><td>Ryan Plastics, Earls Barton, UK</td><td></td><td>High-density acetal resin similar material would suffice</td></tr><tr><td>Duralumin plate</td><td>Metal Supplies Ltd, Park Road,Dukinfield. SK16 5LP UK</td><td></td><td>Aluminium allow dating back to 1909 so alterative suppliers are available&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>Finished device(s) ready for use</td><td>Contact Dr Goodlad&amp;nbsp; r.goodlad@imperial.ac.uk</td><td></td><td>Contact&amp;nbsp; r.goodlad@imperial.ac.uk for supply details</td></tr></tbody></table>

a simple device to rapidly prepare whole mounts of the mouse intestine

その後の分析や定量化のためのマウス小腸および結腸の全体のマウントの準備には時間がかかり、困難な場合があります。我々は、切断し、「ロール」のマウスの腸は、急速に手で達成できるものよりも優れ、均一な品質の全載標本を調製するために簡単な装置の使用を記載しています。装置4は、ステンレス鋼ロッド、切断ガイドとして作用するトップを保持するベースを備えます。ロッドは、小腸[三分のに分割]および結腸の内腔に挿入されます。ロッド、サンプルは、デバイスのベースに保持スロットにろ紙またはカードの一枚の上に配置されています。装置の上面は、その後に配置され、切断ガイドとして機能します。トップピースの中央に2つの傾斜部分は、ナイフまたはメスを導くために使用され、ロッドの上に縦方向に腸を切断します。腸の切片を切断した後、上部が除去され、カード、TISSUEとロッドを穏やか装置から取り出し、ベンチ上に置きました。ロッドはそっとろ紙またはカードの基礎となる作品に腸部分を平らにし、固執する横ロールバックされます。最終調製物は、次いで、調べまたは固定し、後の分析のために保存することができます。製剤は、正常または遺伝的に改変されたマウスモデルにおける腸の変化の研究のための貴重です。製剤は、損傷、前癌病変は（異常クリプト巣（ACFを）と枯渇病巣（のMDFを）ムチン）、炎症の影響（炎）の研究と定量化のために使用されており、ポリープまたは腫瘍。

ポリープは（ 図4）は、組織を照らす左右に冷光源と実体顕微鏡下で識別しやすくなっています。これは、ポリープが得点については後述することができ、異なる事業者が合意に達することができるようにするために観察されたときに鉛筆マークのカードをマークすると便利です。組織はまた、上記またはトランス照明（ 図5）によってからの照明により病巣（の...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine at JoVE.com

A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

The use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

急速にマウス腸のホールマウントを準備するための簡単​​な装置

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe ...

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Research

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Medicine

19.6K ビュー.  National Institutes of Health. The use of a simple device to cut and ‘roll’ mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

ビデオ: A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

Protocols for Analyzing the Role of Paneth Cells in Regenerating the Murine Intestine using Conditional Cre-lox Mouse Models

The epithelial surface of the mammalian intestine is a dynamic tissue that renews every 3 - 7 days. Understanding this renewal process identified a population of rapidly cycling intestinal stem cells (ISCs) characterized by their expression of the Lgr5 gene. These are supported by a quiescent stem cell population, marked by Bmi-1 expression, capable of replacing them in the event of injury. Investigating the interactions between these populations is crucial to understanding their roles in disease and cancer. The ISCs exist within crypts on the intestinal surface, these niches support the ISC in replenishing the epithelia. The interaction between active and quiescent ISCs likely involves other differentiated cells within the niche, as it has previously been demonstrated that the &#8216;&#8216;stemness&#8217;&#8217; of the Lgr5 ISC is closely tied to the presence of their neighboring Paneth cells. Using conditional cre-lox mouse models we tested the effect of deleting the majority of active ISCs in the presence or absence of the Paneth cells. Here we describe the techniques and analysis undertaken to characterize the intestine and demonstrate that the Paneth cells play a crucial role within the ISC niche in aiding recovery following substantial insult.

Protocols for Analyzing the Role of Paneth Cells in Regenerating the Murine Intestine using Conditional Cre-lox Mouse Models

Intestinal epithelial stem cells (ISCs) are intermingled with Paneth cells. These cells are differentiated progeny of the ISC, which support the ISCs and provide antibacterial protection. Here we demonstrate how we used transgenic conditional mouse models to establish that Paneth cells play a crucial role in maintaining the intestinal epithelia.

条件を使用して、マウス腸の再生成にパネート細胞の役割を分析するためのプロトコル<em&gt;のCre-LOX</em&gt;マウスモデル

The epithelial surface of the mammalian intestine is a dynamic tissue that renews every 3 - 7 days. Understanding this renewal process identified a ...

発生生物学

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Motility and Gut Wall Inflammation in Rodents: Analyses in a Standardized Model of Intestinal Manipulation

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for a variety of human diseases. Animal research models are critical in investigating the complex cellular and molecular of intestinal pathology. Although the tunica mucosa is often the organ of interest in many inflammatory diseases, recent works demonstrated that the muscularis externa (ME) is also a highly immunocompetent organ that harbours a dense network of resident immunocytes.1,2 These works were performed within the standardized model of intestinal manipulation (IM) that leads to inflammation of the bowel wall, mainly limited to the ME. Clinically this inflammation leads to prolonged intestinal dysmotility, known as postoperative ileus (POI) which is a frequent and unavoidable complication after abdominal surgery.3 The inflammation is characterized by liberation of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-64 or IL-1&beta; or inhibitory neurotransmitters like nitric oxide (NO).5 Subsequently, tremendous numbers of immunocytes extravasate into the ME, dominated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and monocytes and finally maintain POI.2 Lasting for days, this intestinal paralysis leads to an increased risk of aspiration, bacterial translocation and infectious complications up to sepsis and multi organ failure and causes a high economic burden.6
In this manuscript we demonstrate the standardized model of IM and in vivo assessment of gastrointestinal transit (GIT) and colonic transit. Furthermore we demonstrate a method for separation of the ME from the tunica mucosa followed by immunological analysis, which is crucial to distinguish between the inflammatory responses in these both highly immunoactive bowel wall compartments. All analyses are easily transferable to any other research models, affecting gastrointestinal function.

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a complication of abdominal surgery leading to increased morbidity and a prolonged hospital stay. Because prophylactic or therapeutic strategies are lacking intensified research is necessary. Therefore we established a standardized and feasible mouse model to investigate the pathophysiology of POI and to study potential therapeutic options.

げっ歯類における腸運動と腸壁の炎症の機能評価：腸管操作の標準化されたモデルで分析

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a common reason for a variety of human diseases. Animal research models are critical in investigating the ...

医学

Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

The advent of 3D in vitro organoids that mimic the in vivo tissue architecture and morphogenesis has greatly advanced the ability to study key biological questions in cell and developmental biology. In addition, organoids together with recent technical advances in gene editing and viral gene delivery promises to advance medical research and development of new drugs for treatment of diseases. Organoids grown in vitro in basement matrix provide powerful model systems for studying the behavior and function of various proteins and are well suited for live-imaging of fluorescent-tagged proteins. However, establishing the expression and localization of the endogenous proteins in ex vivo tissue and in in vitro organoids is important to verify the behavior of the tagged proteins. To this end we have developed and modified tissue isolation, fixation, and immuno-labeling protocols for localization of microtubules, centrosomal, and associated proteins in ex vivo intestinal tissue and in in vitro intestinal organoids. The aim was for the fixative to preserve the 3D architecture of the organoids/tissue while also preserving antibody antigenicity and enabling good penetration and clearance of fixative and antibodies. Exposure to cold depolymerizes all but stable microtubules and this was a key factor when modifying the various protocols. We found that increasing the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) concentration from 3 mM to 30 mM gave efficient detachment of villi and crypts in the small intestine while 3 mM EDTA was sufficient for colonic crypts. The developed formaldehyde/methanol fixation protocol gave very good structural preservation while also preserving antigenicity for effective labeling of microtubules, actin, and the end-binding (EB) proteins. It also worked for the centrosomal protein ninein although the methanol protocol worked more consistently. We further established that fixation and immuno-labeling of microtubules and associated proteins could be achieved with organoids isolated from or remaining within the basement matrix.

Immuno-fluorescent Labeling of Microtubules and Centrosomal Proteins in Ex Vivo Intestinal Tissue and 3D In Vitro Intestinal Organoids

We present protocols for isolation of intestinal 3D structures from in vivo tissue and in vitro basement matrix embedded organoids, and detail different fixation and staining protocols optimized for immuno-labeling of microtubule, centrosomal, and junctional proteins as well as cell markers including the stem cell protein Lgr5.

微小管と 3 D培養腸 Organoids とEx Vivo腸組織における Centrosomal 蛋白質の免疫蛍光ラベリング

The advent of 3D in vitro organoids that mimic the in vivo tissue architecture and morphogenesis has greatly advanced the ability to study key biological ...

The Ex Vivo Culture and Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organoids

Primary intestinal organoids are a valuable model system that has the potential to significantly impact the field of mucosal immunology. However, the complexities of the organoid growth characteristics carry significant caveats for the investigator. Specifically, the growth patterns of each individual organoid are highly variable and create a heterogeneous population of epithelial cells in culture. With such caveats, common tissue culture practices cannot be simply applied to the organoid system due to the complexity of the cellular structure. Counting and plating based solely on cell number, which is common for individually separated cells, such as cell lines, is not a reliable method for organoids unless some normalization technique is applied. Normalizing to total protein content is made complex due to the resident protein matrix. These characteristics in terms of cell number, shape and cell type should be taken into consideration when evaluating secreted contents from the organoid mass. This protocol has been generated to outline a simple procedure to culture and treat small intestinal organoids with microbial pathogens and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It also emphasizes the normalization techniques that should be applied when protein analysis are conducted after such a challenge.

The Ex Vivo Culture and Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organoids

Here, a protocol to harvest, maintain, and treat mouse small intestinal organoids with pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and Listeria monocytogenes is described, as well as emphasis on gene expression and proper normalization techniques for protein.

ザ<em&gt; ex vivoで</emマウス腸オルガノイドの&gt;文化とパターン認識受容体刺激

Primary intestinal organoids are a valuable model system that has the potential to significantly impact the field of mucosal immunology. However, the ...

免疫・感染学

Visualization of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) Network in Mice

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are mesenchymal derived "pacemaker cells" of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that generate spontaneous slow waves required for peristalsis and mediate neuronal input from the enteric nervous system1. Different subtypes of ICC form distinct networks in the muscularis of the GI tract 2,3. Loss or injury to these networks is associated with a number of motility disorders4. ICC cells express the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase on the plasma membrane and KIT immunostaining has been used for the past 15 years to label the ICC network5,6. Importantly, normal KIT activity is required for ICC development5,6. Neoplastic transformation of ICC cells results in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), that frequently harbor gain-of-function KIT mutations7,8. We recently showed that ETV1 is a lineage-specific survival factor expressed in the ICC/GIST lineage and is a master transcriptional regulator required for both normal ICC network formation and for of GIST tumorigenesis9. We further demonstrate that it cooperates with activating KIT mutations in tumorigenesis. Here, we describe methods for visualization of ICC networks in mice, largely based on previously published protocols10,11. More recently, the chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1) has also been characterized as a specific membrane marker of ICC11,12. Because of their plasma membrane localization, immunofluorescence of both proteins can be used to visualize the ICC networks. Here, we describe visualization of the ICC networks by fixed-frozen cyrosections and whole mount preparations.

Visualization of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal ICC Network in Mice

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are the pacemaker cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They form complex networks between smooth muscle cells and post-ganglionic neuronal fibers to regulate GI contractility. Here, we present immunofluorescence methods cross-sectional and whole-mount visualization of murine ICC networks.

マウスにおけるカハール（ICC）ネットワークの間質細胞の可視化

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are mesenchymal derived "pacemaker cells" of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that generate spontaneous slow waves ...

生物学

Mouse Fetal Whole Intestine Culture System for Ex Vivo Manipulation of Signaling Pathways and Three-dimensional Live Imaging of Villus Development

Most morphogenetic processes in the fetal intestine have been inferred from thin sections of fixed tissues, providing snapshots of changes over developmental stages. Three-dimensional information from thin serial sections can be challenging to interpret because of the difficulty of reconstructing serial sections perfectly and maintaining proper orientation of the tissue over serial sections. Recent findings by Grosse et al., 2011 highlight the importance of three- dimensional information in understanding morphogenesis of the developing villi of the intestine1. Three-dimensional reconstruction of singly labeled intestinal cells demonstrated that the majority of the intestinal epithelial cells contact both the apical and basal surfaces. Furthermore, three-dimensional reconstruction of the actin cytoskeleton at the apical surface of the epithelium demonstrated that the intestinal lumen is continuous and that secondary lumens are an artifact of sectioning. Those two points, along with the demonstration of interkinetic nuclear migration in the intestinal epithelium, defined the developing intestinal epithelium as a pseudostratified epithelium and not stratified as previously thought1. The ability to observe the epithelium three-dimensionally was seminal to demonstrating this point and redefining epithelial morphogenesis in the fetal intestine. With the evolution of multi-photon imaging technology and three-dimensional reconstruction software, the ability to visualize intact, developing organs is rapidly improving. Two-photon excitation allows less damaging penetration deeper into tissues with high resolution. Two-photon imaging and 3D reconstruction of the whole fetal mouse intestines in Walton et al., 2012 helped to define the pattern of villus outgrowth2. Here we describe a whole organ culture system that allows ex vivo development of villi and extensions of that culture system to allow the intestines to be three-dimensionally imaged during their development.

Mouse Fetal Whole Intestine Culture System for Ex Vivo Manipulation of Signaling Pathways and Three-dimensional Live Imaging of Villus Development

Improved imaging technology is allowing three-dimensional imaging of organs during development. Here we describe a whole organ culture system that allows live imaging of the developing villi in the fetal mouse intestine.

マウス胎児腸全体培養システム<em&gt;生体外</em&gt;シグナル伝達経路の操作と絨毛開発の3次元ライブイメージング

Most morphogenetic processes in the fetal intestine have been inferred from thin sections of fixed tissues, providing snapshots of changes over ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>腸管操作による術後イレウス研究のためのマウスモデル

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI is a consequence of mechanical damage during surgery, resulting in disruption of motility in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanisms of POI are related to aberrant neuronal sensitivity, impaired epithelial barrier function, and increased local inflammation. However, the details remain enigmatic. Therefore, experimental murine models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology and mechanism of POI injury and for the development of novel therapies.
Here, we introduce a murine model of POI generated via intestinal manipulation (IM) that is similar to clinical surgery; this is achieved by mechanical damage to the small intestine by massaging the abdomen 1-3 times with a cotton swab. IM delayed gastrointestinal transit 24 h after surgery, as assessed by FITC-dextran gavage and fluorescence detection of the segmental digestive tract. Moreover, tissue swelling of the submucosa and immune cell infiltration were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and flow cytometry. Proper pressure of the IM and a hyperemic effect on the intestine are critical for the procedure. This murine model of POI can be utilized to study the mechanisms of intestinal damage and recovery after abdominal surgery.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>術後イレウスマウスモデル

We describe a murine model of postoperative ileus generated via intestinal manipulation. Gastrointestinal transit function, pathologic changes, and immune cell activation were assessed 24 h after surgery.

術後イレウスマウスモデル

Most patients experience postoperative ileus (POI) after surgery, which is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization time. POI ...

Improved Swiss-rolling Technique for Intestinal Tissue Preparation for Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescent Analyses

Understanding the role of factors that regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to injury and regeneration is important. The current literature describes several different methodological approaches to obtain images of intestinal tissues for data validation. In this paper, we delineate a common protocol relating to the derivation and processing of mouse intestinal tissues. Proper fixation of intestinal tissues and Swiss-roll techniques that enhance intestinal epithelial morphology are discussed. Postresection processing and reorientation of embedded intestinal tissues are critical in obtaining paraffin-embedded blocks that display intact intestinal structural features after sectioning. The Swiss-rolling technique helps in histological assessment of the complete intestinal or colonic sections examined. An ability to differentiate intestinal structural features can be vital in quantitative measurements of intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis along the entire length. Finally, paraffin-embedded sections are ideal for robust processing using both immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent detection methods. Nonfluorescent immunohistochemical sections provide a vibrant image of the tissue detailing different cellular structural features but do not provide flexibility for intracellular co-localization experiments. Multiple fluorescent channels can be appropriately utilized with immunofluorescent detection for co-localization experiments, lending support to mechanistic studies.

Accurate identification and location of epithelial cells along the intestinal mucosal lining are essential to define different cell lineages. Proper imaging of intestinal tissues is crucial for identification of protein expression patterns with maximum resolution. This study aims to delineate the optimal methods and conditions for processing mouse intestinal tissues.

免疫組織化学および免疫蛍光分析のための腸組織の調製のための改良されたスイス・ローリングテクニック

Understanding the role of factors that regulate intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to injury and regeneration is important. The current ...

急速にマウス腸のホールマウントを準備するための簡単な装置

要約

さらに動画を探す

条件を使用して、マウス腸の再生成にパネート細胞の役割を分析するためのプロトコル

げっ歯類における腸運動と腸壁の炎症の機能評価：腸管操作の標準化されたモデルで分析

微小管と 3 D培養腸 Organoids とEx Vivo腸組織における Centrosomal 蛋白質の免疫蛍光ラベリング

ザ

マウスにおけるカハール（ICC）ネットワークの間質細胞の可視化

マウス胎児腸全体培養システム

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

免疫組織化学および免疫蛍光分析のための腸組織の調製のための改良されたスイス・ローリングテクニック

急速にマウス腸のホールマウントを準備するための簡単​​な装置

要約

さらに動画を探す

条件を使用して、マウス腸の再生成にパネート細胞の役割を分析するためのプロトコル

げっ歯類における腸運動と腸壁の炎症の機能評価：腸管操作の標準化されたモデルで分析

微小管と 3 D培養腸 Organoids とEx Vivo腸組織における Centrosomal 蛋白質の免疫蛍光ラベリング

ザ

マウスにおけるカハール（ICC）ネットワークの間質細胞の可視化

マウス胎児腸全体培養システム

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

術後イレウスマウスモデル

免疫組織化学および免疫蛍光分析のための腸組織の調製のための改良されたスイス・ローリングテクニック

急速にマウス腸のホールマウントを準備するための簡単な装置