The evolution of the device started with somewhat different cutting prototype demonstrated at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF) mouse club by Bass Hassan, following this there were several discussions with Rob Rudling and Nikki Mandir in the containment facility at ICRF Clare Hall. Jo Kitau of the mechanical workshop at ICRF constructed the initial versions and Andy Lucas designed and perfected the final model in the CRUK workshop in Oxford.

다양한 실험 절차 및 인도적인 안락사는 호스트 기관 윤리위원회의 적절한 규제 기관에 의해 승인됩니다. 안락사는 일반적으로 자궁 경부 전위 다음 이산화탄소 질식을 사용하여 달성된다. 1. 장치 <ol><li> 머신이 논문에 기재된 바와 같이 고밀도 아세틸 수지의 고체 블록의 밖으로부터의베이스 장치의 주요부. 양쪽 끝 부분에있는 봉을하려면 다음 2.5 mm의 숲에서 3mm 높은 상승 스트립, 부품 기계를 만드는 (그림 2와 그림 3 참조). </li><li> 반올림 끝 2.4 mm 직경의 스테인레스 스틸 봉을 확인합니다. 참고 : 뚜껑의 주요 프레임은 두랄루민 플레이트에서 가공했다. 마무리 장치의 제한된 수의 박사 Goodlad에서 사용할 수 있습니다. </li></ol> 장치의 2. <ol><li> 가위를 사용하여 복강에서 소장과 대장을 해부하다그리고 장갑을 낀 손가락. 소장에서 당기고 부드럽게 곡선 집게로 잡고하여 장간막을 제거합니다. </li><li> 차가운 인산염 완충 식염수 (PBS, pH를 7.4)가 10 또는 20 ml의 루어 피팅 플라스틱 주사기에 맞게 할 수 있도록 자사의 넓은 끝에서 삭감했다 길슨 형 피펫 팁을 사용하여와 창자를 씻어. </li><li> 종이 타월의 시트에 소장 (SB)를 배치 및 길이 (근위부, 중간 및 원위부 - SB1, SB2 및 SB3)에서 세 개의 동일한 부분으로 나누어 가위를 사용하여. 맹장을 제거하고 대장을 배치. </li><li> 가위로 장 세그먼트로 몇 가지 아주 작은 상처는 유체 탈출과 내장을 통해 종이 타월 한 장을 놓고 부드럽게 유체를 짜내하여 건조시킨다하기 위해 준비를 통해 손가락을 실행할 수 있도록합니다. </li><li> 섹션을 들어 올려 이전에 인산염 완충 생리 식염수의 비커에 담가 적신 된 스테인레스 스틸 봉을 삽입합니다. 주 : 대장이 될 수 있습니다원하는 경우 전향 된 (뒤집어). </li><li> 장치의 기준에 맞게 크기로 카드 또는 필터 종이 잘라 조각을 레이블. 그것은 거의 모든 솔루션에 의해 영향을받지 같이 연필, 최고입니다. 부검 날짜 코드 및 실험 동물 식별 번호가 제안된다. </li><li> 장치의 기지로 카드 나 종이 필터를 놓습니다. 장치의 자료에있는 슬롯에 막대와 창자를 삽입합니다. 세그먼트의 기단부는 표준화 된 방식으로 배치되어 있는지 확인합니다. 기단부는 카드 라벨 ​​가까이 있어야한다. </li><li> 베이스를 통해 장치의 상단 부분을 놓습니다. 길이 방향 부분을 잘라 메스 블레이드를 안내하는 각도 막대를 사용합니다. 참고 : 조직을 부드럽게하고 신중하게 칼을 움직이지 않도록 손가락으로 유지되는 경우가 있습니다. </li><li> 장치의 상단 부분을 제거합니다. 조심스럽게 (자신의 막대에 계속) 필터 종이와 조직을 제거합니다. 참고 : FIL 아래에 배치 뻣뻣한 카드의 조각터 용지 리프팅에 도움이됩니다. </li><li> 세그먼트 (PBS에 담근 장갑 낀 손가락으로) 약간 젖은. 로드 롤, 사이드 장을 열고 평면을 확산 좌우합니다. 조직은 여과지에 부착한다. </li><li> 시각적으로 어떤 심한 병변에 대한 준비를 검사합니다. </li><li> 얕은 욕조 (또는 샌드 박스)를 함유하는 정착액을 여과지에 부착 된 조직을 옮긴다. 주 : 조직은 여과지에 부착 또는 카드에 단단히 부착 후에 남아. 고정 제의 다양한 제제를 보존하는 데 사용될 수있다. 그것은 Carnoy의 유체가 최고의 세포 증식에 이상적인 방법이다 장내 정착 세포 증식 (6)의 연구에 사용되는 것을 권장; 그러나 포르말린 또는 다른 엔드 포인트가 필요한 경우 다른 많은 고정 제를 사용할 수도있다. </li><li> 고정 (보통 3 시간) 한 후, 70 % 에탄올로 준비를 전송합니다. 요구 될 때까지 샘플을 그 다음에 저장 될 수있다. 준비의 C얼굴 연구 도중 및 / 또는 H &amp; E 염색법 또는 다른 조직 학적 기법, 면역 조직 화학 및 / 또는 계내 혼성화에 대한 조직 학적 샘플의 제조에 사용되는. 주 : 장기간 고정은 면역 반응 및 / 또는 현장 혼성화 반응에를 줄일 수 있습니다. 폴리 프로필렌 샌드위치 박스 제제의 다수의 저장에 적합하다. </li><li> 여러 장 세그먼트에서 고정 조직을 요구하는 경우 &#39;스위스 롤&#39;로 만들어 상술 비롯한 조직 학적 방법 (6)의 전체 범위로 염색 할 수있다. &#39;스위스 롤&#39;을 만들기 위해 장 세그먼트는 곤충학 핀 고정 및 왁스 (6)를 포함에 대해 처리 칵테일 스틱이나 이쑤시개 주위 압연 여과지,에서 제거됩니다. </li><li> 필요한 경우, 비정상적인 토굴의 초점 7을 시각화 메틸렌 블루와 대량 조직을 얼룩. </li><li> 에 고정 준비 점수레저. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Goodlad, R. A., Alison, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=+Cancer+Handbook."> Cancer Handbook.</a> , 243-262 (2007).</li><li>Ward, J. M., Treuting, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rodent+intestinal+epithelial+carcinogenesis:+pathology+and+preclinical+models.">Rodent intestinal epithelial carcinogenesis: pathology and preclinical models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 42, 148-161 (2014).</li><li>Sundberg, J. P., Hogenesch, H., Nikitin, A. Y., Treuting, P. M., Ward, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Training+mouse+pathologists:+ten+years+of+workshops+on+the+Pathology+of+Mouse+Models+of+Human+Disease.">Training mouse pathologists: ten years of workshops on the Pathology of Mouse Models of Human Disease.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 40, 823-825 (2012).</li><li>Wasan, H. S., Novelli, M., Bee, J., Bodmer, W. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dietary+fat+influences+on+polyp+phenotype+in+multiple+intestinal+neoplasia+mice.">Dietary fat influences on polyp phenotype in multiple intestinal neoplasia mice.</a> Proc Natl Acade Sci USA. 94, 3308-3313 (1997).</li><li>Rudling, R., Hassan, A. B., Kitau, J., Mandir, N., Goodlad, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+device+to+rapidly+prepare+whole+mounts+of+murine+intestine.">A simple device to rapidly prepare whole mounts of murine intestine.</a> Cell Prolif. 39, 415-420 (2006).</li><li>Alferez, D., Goodlad, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=To+best+measure+cell+proliferation+in+samples+from+the+intestine.">To best measure cell proliferation in samples from the intestine.</a> Cell Prolif. 40, 231-240 (2007).</li><li>Park, H. S., Goodlad, R. A., Wright, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+incidence+of+aberrant+crypt+foci+and+colonic+carcinoma+in+dimethylhydrazine-treated+rats+varies+in+a+site-specific+manner+and+depends+on+tumor+histology.">The incidence of aberrant crypt foci and colonic carcinoma in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats varies in a site-specific manner and depends on tumor histology.</a> Cancer Res. 57, 4507-4510 (1997).</li><li>Park, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+epidermal+growth+factor+and+dimethylhydrazine+on+crypt+size,+cell+proliferation,+and+crypt+fission+in+the+rat+colon.+Cell+proliferation+and+crypt+fission+are+controlled+independently.">Effects of epidermal growth factor and dimethylhydrazine on crypt size, cell proliferation, and crypt fission in the rat colon. Cell proliferation and crypt fission are controlled independently.</a> Am J Pathol. 151, 843-852 (1997).</li><li>Femia, A. P., Dolara, P., Caderni, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mucin-depleted+foci+(MDF)+in+the+colon+of+rats+treated+with+azoxymethane+(AOM)+are+useful+biomarkers+for+colon+carcinogenesis.">Mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the colon of rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM) are useful biomarkers for colon carcinogenesis.</a> Carcinogenesis. 25, 277-281 (2004).</li><li>Ruehl-Fehlert, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Revised+guides+for+organ+sampling+and+trimming+in+rats+and+mice--part+1.">Revised guides for organ sampling and trimming in rats and mice--part 1.</a> Exp Toxicol Pathol. 55, 91-106 (2003).</li><li>Goodlad, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibiting+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+receptor-2+signaling+reduces+tumor+burden+in+the+ApcMin/++mouse+model+of+early+intestinal+cancer.">Inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 signaling reduces tumor burden in the ApcMin/+ mouse model of early intestinal cancer.</a> Carcinogenesis. 27, 2133-2139 (2006).</li><li>Mandir, N., Englyst, H., Goodlad, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistant+carbohydrates+stimulate+cell+proliferation+and+crypt+fission+in+wild-type+mice+and+in+the+Apc(Min/+)+mouse+model+of+intestinal+cancer,+association+with+enhanced+polyp+development.">Resistant carbohydrates stimulate cell proliferation and crypt fission in wild-type mice and in the Apc(Min/+) mouse model of intestinal cancer, association with enhanced polyp development.</a> Br J Nutr. 100, 711-721 (2008).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

두 사업자가 완전히 6 분내 마우스를 해부 할 수 있도록 장치는 크게 프로세스 속도. 이것은 분명 심한 병변과 무게와 주요 장기를 고정하기위한 육안 검사가 포함됩니다. 또한 운영자, 린스 오점과 위, 맹장, 소장 및 대장의 무게를 전체 마운트를 준비 할 수 있습니다. 평평 조직은 매우 빠르게 고정 따라서 저하 아티팩트를 방지 할 수 있습니다. (분리 속도에서) 장치의 주요 ...

마우스와 유전자 변형 마우스 1-3 다양한 병리 특히 암과 위장관의 염증과의 관계 연구를위한 귀중한 모델입니다. 이것은 종종 소장 및 / 또는 대장의 전체 마운트의 준비가 필요합니다. 전체 마운트의 제조는 오프셋 위 정밀 쌍으로 수행 될 수 있지만, 마우스를 4 내지 약 20 분 걸릴 수있다. 이 마우스의 상당한 양을 필요로 비교 연구, 매우 실용적되지 않습니다 (통계 분석에 그룹 주제 당 10 말). 또한, 촬영 시간의 길이는 조직의 열화의 위험을 증가시킨다. 이 문제를 완화하려는 시도는 다양한 절단 준비 에이즈의 재판을했다. 첫째는 절단 로브와, 금속판의 시리즈에 기초하지만, 판 조직을 가려 및 절단을 제어하는​​ 것이 곤란 하였다. 통상도우리는 다음 반 연필 모양 메스 (그림 1)에 대한 좋은 가이드를 만들 것입니다 방법을 볼 수 있기 때문에 L 여섯 양면 연필 마지막으로, 절단 장치에 대한 영감을 제공했다. 이 4 개의 절단 가이드 5 프레임의 설계 결과. 도 4의 제제는 가위 제조 및 제조 장치의 차이점을 설명으로이 장치의 효과는 극적이었다. 원래 장치의 상단 금속의 여러 조각, 나중에 사람들로 구성되었으며, 현재의 모델은 두랄루민의 단단한 조각에서 가공했다. 염기는 고품질 고밀도 수지에서 가공 하였다. 장치는 크게 속도 및 넓은 범위의 애플리케이션들을 갖는다는 제제의 품질 및 일관성을 향상으로 마우스의 소장 전체 마운트의 제조에 아주 유용하게 사용될 입증되었다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Delrin</td>
			<td>Ryan Plastics, Earls Barton, UK</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>High-density acetal resin similar material would suffice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Duralumin plate</td>
			<td>Metal Supplies Ltd, Park Road,Dukinfield. SK16 5LP UK</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Aluminium allow dating back to 1909 so alterative suppliers are available&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Finished device(s) ready for use</td>
			<td>Contact Dr Goodlad&#160; r.goodlad@imperial.ac.uk</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Contact&#160; r.goodlad@imperial.ac.uk&#160; for supply details</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple device to rapidly prepare whole mounts of the mouse intestine

이후 분석 또는 정량 마우스 소장과 대장의 전체 마운트를 준비하는 것은 시간이 많이 걸리고 어려울 수 있습니다. 우리는 신속하게 손에 의해 달성 될 수있는 그에게 우수하고 균일 한 품질의 전체 마운트 준비를 준비하는 절단 할 수있는 간단한 장치의 사용과 &#39;롤&#39;마우스의 장에 대해 설명합니다. 장치는 4 스테인리스 봉 및 절단 가이드 역할 가기를 보유 염기를 포함한다. 로드는 소장 [분으로 분할] 및 결장의 루멘에 삽입된다. 로드 및 샘플을 다음의 장치를베이스에 유지 슬롯 여과지 또는 카드의 부분 위에 배치된다. 소자의 상단은 위치 및 절단 가이드로서 기능한다. 상부 부분의 중앙에 두 개의 각진 부분이 칼이나 외과 용 메스를 안내하는데 사용 봉의 상부에 종 방향으로 장을 절단한다. 장내 부분이 절단 된 후에, 상부는 제거되고, 카드, 담배 마는UE와로드 부드럽게 장치에서 제거하고 벤치에 배치합니다. 로드는 부드럽게 평평 및 필터 종이 또는 카드의 기본 조각에 장 세그먼트를 막대기 옆으로 롤백됩니다. 최종 제제는 조사 또는 고정하고 나중에 분석을 위해 저장 될 수있다. 준비는 정상 또는 유전자 변형 마우스 모델에서 장 변화의 연구를위한 귀중한 있습니다. 준비는 염증 (대장염), 손상, 전암 병변의 효과에 대한 연구 및 정량화를 위해 사용되어왔다 (비정상적인 토굴 초점 (하는 ACF)과 초점 (MDF에서) 고갈 점액) 및 용종 또는 종양.

폴립 (그림 4) 조직을 조명 옆으로 차가운 광원과 실체 현미경 하에서 쉽게 식별 할 수 있습니다. 그것은 용종이 득점 나중에 논의 될 수 있으며, 다른 사업자들이 합의에 도달 할 수 있도록 관찰 할 때 연필 표시가있는 카드를 표시하는 데 도움이됩니다. 조직은 [메틸렌 블루로] 확인하는 염색 대량 될 수 비정상적인 토굴의 초점 8 이상 또는 트랜스 조명에 의해에서 조명에 의?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine at JoVE.com

A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

The use of a simple device to cut and &#8216;roll&#8217; mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

간단한 장치는 빠르게 마우스 소장의 전체 마운트를 준비하는 방법

Preparing whole mounts of the mouse small intestine and colon for subsequent analysis or quantification can be time consuming and difficult. We describe ...

a-simple-device-to-rapidly-prepare-whole-mounts-of-the-mouse-intestine

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

19.5K 조회수.  National Institutes of Health. The use of a simple device to cut and ‘roll’ mouse intestines to rapidly prepare whole mount preparations is described.

비디오: A Simple Device to Rapidly Prepare Whole Mounts of the Mouse Intestine

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or expensive animal. One of the reasons that this is not done more routinely is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper we demonstrate a procedure that eliminates one of the major hurdles associated with this intubation, that of visualizing the trachea during the entire time of intubation. The approach uses a 0.5 mm fiberoptic light source that serves as an introducer to direct the intubation cannula into the mouse trachea. We show that it is possible to use this procedure to measure lung mechanics in individual mice over a time course of at least several weeks. The technique can be set up with relatively little expense and expertise, and it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice, thereby minimizing the number of mice needed and increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.

This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.

마우스 폐 삽관 법의 간단한 방법

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

연구

의학

Isolating and Using Sections of Bovine Mesenteric Artery and Vein as a Bioassay to Test for Vasoactivity in the Small Intestine

Mammalian gastrointestinal systems are constantly exposed to compounds (desirable and undesirable) that can have an effect on blood flow to and from that system. Changes in blood flow to the small intestine can result in effects on the absorptive functions of the organ. Particular interest in toxins liberated from feedstuffs through fermentative and digestive processes has developed in ruminants as an area where productive efficiencies could be improved. The video associated with this article describes an in vitro bioassay developed to screen compounds for vasoactivity in isolated cross-sections of bovine mesenteric artery and vein using a multimyograph. Once the blood vessels are mounted and equilibrated in the myograph, the bioassay itself can be used: as a screening tool to evaluate the contractile response or vasoactivity of compounds of interest; determine the presence of receptor types by pharmacologically targeting receptors with specific agonists; determine the role of a receptor with the presence of one or more antagonists; or determine potential interactions of compounds of interest with antagonists. Through all of this, data are collected real-time, tissue collected from a single animal can be exposed to a large number of different experimental treatments (an in vitro advantage), and represents vasculature on either side of the capillary bed to provide an accurate picture of what could be happening in the afferent and efferent blood supply supporting the small intestine.

The small intestine is frequently exposed to toxins that can influence blood flow and negatively impact nutrient absorption. Using a multimyograph and mesenteric artery and vein isolates, compounds or toxins of interest can be screened for vasoactivity.

생물 검정으로 소 장간막 동맥과 정맥의 섹션을 분리하고 사용하면 소장에서 Vasoactivity을 테스트

Mammalian gastrointestinal systems are constantly exposed to compounds (desirable and undesirable) that can have an effect on blood flow to and from that ...

A Simple Mechanical Procedure to Create Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Mouse

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a state of malfunction or loss of limbal epithelial stem cells, after which the corneal epithelium is replaced with conjunctiva. Patients suffer from recurrent corneal defects, pain, inflammation, and loss of vision.
Previously, a murine model of LSCD was described and compared to two other models. The goal was to produce a consistent mouse model of LSCD that both mimics the phenotype in humans and lasts long enough to make it possible to study the disease pathophysiology and to evaluate new treatments. Here, the technique is described in more detail.
A motorized tool with a rotating burr has been designed to remove the rust rings from the corneal surface or to smooth the pterygium bed in patients. It is a suitable device to create the desired LSCD model. It is a readily available, easy-to-use tool with a fine tip that makes it appropriate for working on small eyes, as in mice. Its application prevents unnecessary trauma to the eye and it does not result in unwanted injuries, as often is the case with chemical injury models. As opposed to a blunt scraper, it removes the epithelium with the basement membrane. In this protocol, the limbal area was abraded two times, and then the whole corneal epithelium was shaved from limbus to limbus. To avoid stroma injury, care was taken not to brush the corneal surface once the epithelium was already removed.

The following article provides an easy, reproducible technique to effectively create a sustainable mouse model of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). This animal model is useful in testing and comparing the efficacy of treatments for limbal stem cell diseases.

간단한 기계 절차 마우스에서 윤부 줄기 세포 결핍을 만드는 방법

Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a state of malfunction or loss of limbal epithelial stem cells, after which the corneal epithelium is replaced with ...

Ultrasound-guided Intracardiac Injection of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Increase Homing to the Intestine for Use in Murine Models of Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Crohn&#39;s disease (CD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the small and large intestines. Murine and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunosuppressive potential and have been shown to suppress inflammation in mouse models of intestinal inflammation, even though the route of administration can limit their homing and effectiveness 1,3,4,5. Local application of MSCs to colonic injury models has shown greater efficacy at ameliorating inflammation in the colon. However, there is paucity of data on techniques to enhance the localization of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hMSCs) to the small intestine, the site of inflammation in the SAMP-1/YitFc (SAMP) model of experimental Crohn&#39;s disease. This work describes a novel technique for the ultrasound-guided intracardiac injection of hMSCs in SAMP mice, a well-characterized spontaneous model of chronic intestinal inflammation. Sex- and age-matched, inflammation-free AKR/J (AKR) mice were used as controls. To analyze the biodistribution and the localization, hMSCs were transduced with a lentivirus containing a triple reporter. The triple reporter consisted of firefly luciferase (fl), for bioluminescent imaging; monomeric red fluorescent protein (mrfp), for cell sorting; and truncated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (ttk), for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The results of this study show that 24 h after the intracardiac administration, hMSCs localize in the small intestine of SAMP mice as opposed to inflammation-free AKR mice. This novel, ultrasound-guided injection of hMSCs in the left ventricle of SAMP mice ensures a high success rate of cell delivery, allowing for the rapid recovery of mice with minimal morbidity and mortality. This technique could be a useful method for the enhanced localization of MSCs in other models of small-intestinal inflammation, such as TNF&#916;RE6. Future studies will determine if the increased localization of hMSCs by intra-arterial delivery can lead to increased therapeutic efficacy.

Murine studies in models of colonic inflammation have demonstrated that a small percentage (1 - 5%) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) injected intravenously or intraperitoneally home to the inflamed colon1,2. This study shows that ultrasound-guided intracardiac injections of MSCs result in increased localization to the intestine.

초음파 유도 Intracardiac 주입 실험 선 동적인 장 질병의 Murine 모델에 사용 하기 위해 내장을 추적 증가 인간 중간 엽 줄기 세포의

Crohn&#39;s disease (CD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the small and large intestines. Murine and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have ...

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Intestinal resection is a common therapeutic approach for human diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and colon cancer that often results in severe short bowel syndrome-like adverse effects including bile acid diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and nutrient malabsorption. Here we introduce a murine ileal resection model, termed ileectomy, to evaluate tissue communication and the maintenance of systemic homeostasis. After ileal resection, circulating blood is permanently devoid of the ileum-specific endocrine hormone fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15), which releases its endocrinal inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver. In combination with the increased production and abolished reabsorption of bile acids after removing the ileum, mice that underwent surgery suffer from bile salt overaccumulation in the intestine and associated diarrhea, morbidity, and mortality. Novel usage of the surgery model introduced in this study may provide mechanistic and functional insights into ileal control of systemic metabolic regulation in physiology and disease.

Small intestine-dependent bile acid reabsorption and feedback inhibition of hepatic bile acid synthesis is important for systemic homeostasis and health. In this study, we describe a mouse model for ileal resection to evaluate ileectomy-induced bile malabsorption, overaccumulation, and toxicity in mouse intestine.

Ileectomy 유도 담 즙 Overaccumulation 마우스 소장에서

Intestinal resection is a common therapeutic approach for human diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and colon cancer ...

Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine

The gut is the largest endocrine organ of the body, producing more than 15 different peptide hormones that regulate appetite and food intake, digestion, nutrient absorption and distribution, and post-prandial glucose excursions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate gut hormone secretion is fundamental for understanding and translating gut hormone physiology. Traditionally, the mechanisms underlying gut hormone secretion are either studied in vivo (in experimental animals or humans) or using gut hormone-secreting primary mucosal cell cultures or cell lines. Here, we introduce an isolated perfused rat small intestine as an alternative method for studying gut hormone secretion. The virtues of this model are that it relies on the intact gut, meaning that it recapitulates most of the physiologically important parameters responsible for the secretion in in vivo studies, including mucosal polarization, paracrine relationships and routes of perfusion/stimulus exposure. In addition, and unlike in vivo studies, the isolated perfused rat small intestine allows for almost complete experimental control and direct assessment of secretion. In contrast to in vitro studies, it is possible to study both the magnitude and the dynamics of secretion and to address important questions, such as what stimuli cause secretion of different gut hormones, from which side of the gut (luminal or vascular) is secretion stimulated, and to analyze in detail molecular sensors underlying the secretory response. In addition, the preparation is a powerful model for the study of intestinal absorption and details regarding the dynamics of intestinal absorption including the responsible transporters.

Here, we present a powerful and physiological model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying gut hormone secretion and intestinal absorption &#8212; the isolated perfused rat small intestine.

창 자 호르몬 분 비는 격리를 사용 하 여 기본 메커니즘 끼얹는다 쥐 소장

The gut is the largest endocrine organ of the body, producing more than 15 different peptide hormones that regulate appetite and food intake, digestion, ...

A Cryoinjury Model to Study Myocardial Infarction in the Mouse

The use of animal models is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for acute coronary syndrome and its complications. In this article, we demonstrate a murine cryoinjury infarct model that generates precise infarct sizes with high reproducibility and replicability. In brief, after intubation and sternotomy of the animal, the heart is lifted from the thorax. The probe of a handheld liquid nitrogen delivery system is applied onto the myocardial wall to induce cryoinjury. Impaired ventricular function and electrical conduction can be monitored with echocardiography or optical mapping. Transmural myocardial remodeling of the infarcted area is characterized by collagen deposition and loss of cardiomyocytes. Compared to other models (e.g., LAD-ligation), this model utilizes a handheld liquid nitrogen delivery system to generate more uniform infarct sizes.

This article demonstrates a model to study cardiac remodeling after myocardial cryoinjury in mice.

마우스에서 심근 경색을 연구하는 극저온 손상 모델

The use of animal models is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for acute coronary syndrome and its complications. In this article, we ...

A Modified Simple Method for Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the leading causes of death. MI models are widely used for investigating the pathomechanisms of post-MI remodeling and evaluation of novel therapeutics. Different methods (e.g., isoproterenol treatment, cryoinjury, coronary artery ligation, etc.) have been used to induce MI. Compared with isoproterenol treatment and cryoinjury, coronary artery ligation may better reflect the ischemic response and chronic remodeling after MI. However, traditional methods for coronary ligation in mice are technically challenging. The current study describes a simple and efficient process for induction of MI in mice with readily available materials. The mouse chest skin was cut open under stable anesthesia. The heart was immediately externalized through the intercostal space after blunt separation of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor. The left anterior descending branch (LAD) was ligated with a 6-0 suture 3 mm from its origin. Following LAD ligation, staining with 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) indicated successful induction of MI and temporal changes of post-MI scar size. Meanwhile, survival analysis results showed overt mortality within 7 days after MI, mainly due to cardiac rupture. Moreover, post-MI echocardiographic assessment demonstrated successful induction of contractile dysfunction and ventricular remodeling. Once mastered, an MI model can be established in mice within 2-3 min with readily available materials.

Under adequate anesthesia, the mouse heart was externalized through the intercostal space, and myocardial infarction was successfully induced by ligating the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using materials readily available in most laboratories.

생쥐의 심근경색 유도를 위한 수정된 간단한 방법

Myocardial infarction (MI) represents one of the leading causes of death. MI models are widely used for investigating the pathomechanisms of post-MI ...

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of retinopathy. The OCT machine can capture retinal crosssectional images from which the retinal thickness can be calculated. Although OCT is widely used in clinical practice, its application in basic research is not as prevalent, especially in small animals such as mice. Because of the small size of their eyeballs, it is challenging to conduct fundus imaging examinations in mice. Therefore, a specialized retinal imaging system is required to accommodate OCT imaging on small animals. This article demonstrates a small-animal-specific system for OCT examination procedures and a detailed method for image analysis. The results of retinal OCT examination of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr) knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice are presented. The OCT images of C57BL/6J mice showed retinal layers, while those of Vldlr knockout mice showed subretinal neovascularization and retinal thinning. In summary, OCT examination could facilitate the noninvasive detection and measurement of retinopathy in mouse models.

Here, we describe an in vivo imaging technique using optical coherence tomography to facilitate the diagnosis and quantitative measurement of retinopathy in mice.

망막병증의 마우스 모델에 대한 광학 간섭 단층 촬영의 적용

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of retinopathy. The OCT machine can capture retinal crosssectional images ...

Complete and Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Hemorrhagic Shock

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for hemorrhage control. With the advent of purpose-built devices, REBOA has become increasingly common in civilian trauma and acute care settings. Currently available REBOA catheters were designed as complete aortic occlusion devices. However, the therapeutic window for complete aortic occlusion is time-limited due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The partial procedure allows blood flow past the level of occlusion while maintaining targeted proximal pressure, which has been shown to reduce distal ischemia and adjunctive resuscitation requirements in preclinical studies with prolonged occlusion times as compared to traditional complete occlusion.
pREBOA-PRO is the first catheter designed to enable partial and complete aortic occlusion and is currently in limited market release at seven Level I trauma centers in North America. This paper will focus on procedural considerations for REBOA, including patient selection criteria and a comparison of complete and partial aortic occlusion in a simulator, along with highlighting critical steps to improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, this paper reviews a contrast-enhanced CT scan from a trauma patient that shows distal perfusion after 2 h of partial aortic occlusion using this newly designed catheter and discusses representative results from the limited market release to highlight the profound effect of technological innovation on outcomes in vascular emergencies.

A commercial catheter was designed to facilitate true partial resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) and address the complications associated with complete aortic occlusion. Initial clinical reports indicate that partial REBOA improves transition to reperfusion, reduction of distal ischemia, and extension of safe occlusion time compared to complete occlusion.

출혈성 쇼크에 대한 대동맥의 완전하고 부분적인 재흡수성 혈관 내 풍선 폐색

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for ...