We thank Dr. Christian Rickert for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R01-HL088427) to CP. EJS was supported by 5T32-AG000279 from the National Institute on Aging. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+Heart+Rate+and+Sinoatrial+Node+Function+in+Mice+Lacking+the+cAMP+Regulator+Phosphoinositide+3-Kinase-\gamma\.">Altered Heart Rate and Sinoatrial Node Function in Mice Lacking the cAMP Regulator Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-\gamma\.</a> Circ Res. 101 (12), 1274-1282 (2007).</li><li>Hua, R., Adamczyk, A., Robbins, C., Ray, G., Rose, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+patterns+of+constitutive+phosphodiesterase+activity+in+mouse+sinoatrial+node+and+atrial+myocardium.">Distinct patterns of constitutive phosphodiesterase activity in mouse sinoatrial node and atrial myocardium.</a> PloS ONE. 7 (10), e47652 (2012).</li><li>Groenke, S., Larson, E. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complete+atrial-specific+knockout+of+sodium-calcium+exchange+eliminates+sinoatrial+node+pacemaker+activity.">Complete atrial-specific knockout of sodium-calcium exchange eliminates sinoatrial node pacemaker activity.</a> PloS ONE. 8 (11), e81633 (2013).</li><li>Torrente, A. G., Zhang, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Burst+pacemaker+activity+of+the+sinoatrial+node+in+sodium-calcium+exchanger+knockout+mice.">Burst pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node in sodium-calcium exchanger knockout mice.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 112 (31), 9769-9774 (2015).</li><li>Denyer, J. C., Brown, H. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rabbit+sino-atrial+node+cells:+isolation+and+electrophysiological+properties.">Rabbit sino-atrial node cells: isolation and electrophysiological properties.</a> J Physiol. 428 (1), 405-424 (1990).</li><li>Thum, T., Borlak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Butanedione+monoxime+increases+the+viability+and+yield+of+adult+cardiomyocytes+in+primary+cultures.">Butanedione monoxime increases the viability and yield of adult cardiomyocytes in primary cultures.</a> Cardiovasc Toxicol. 1 (1), 61-72 (2001).</li><li>Borlak, J., Zwadlo, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+myosin+ATPase+inhibitor+2,3-butanedione+monoxime+dictates+transcriptional+activation+of+ion+channels+and+Ca(2+)-handling+proteins.">The myosin ATPase inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime dictates transcriptional activation of ion channels and Ca(2+)-handling proteins.</a> Molec Pharmacol. 66 (3), 708-717 (2004).</li></ol>

本論文では、成体マウスから完全に分化洞房結節筋細胞の単離および培養のための詳細なプロトコルを提示します。分離プロトコルは確実に即時の電気生理学的解析やその後の培養のいずれかに適した自然発生的にアクティブなマウスのSAMを生成します。同様のプロトコル（例えば、11,12,10,13-17参考文献を参照）、他の多くのグループによって報告されています。しかし、in vitroで...

ペースメーカー、心臓の洞房結節における筋細胞（洞房筋は、「SAMは」）、各ハートビートを開始するために、心筋を介して伝播自発的な、リズミカルな活動電位（APを）を生成します。多くの種から急性単離されたSAMを用いた実験は、ペースメーカー活性の発生に寄与メカニズムの解明のために不可欠でした。 SAMは、形態、機能、およびタンパク質発現の観点から、心房と心室の心筋での対応と実質的に異なる専門性の高い心筋細胞です。 SAMの中の自発的なAPの顕著な特徴は次のAP 1,2をトリガーするしきい値に膜電位を駆動する拡張期に自発的な脱分極です。この「ペースメーカー電位」は、「おかしな電流」（I f）は 、T-およびL型カルシウム電流、およびナトリウム-カルシウム交換体CURRを含む多くの異なった膜電流の協調活性に依存します筋小胞体3,4からのCa 2+放出によって駆動されるENT（I NCX）、。 急性単離したマウスのSAMはペースメーキングの研究に不可欠な実験の準備ですが、マウスSANの不明瞭な解剖学と小さいサイズが微妙な顕微解剖と組み合わせた酵素的および機械を必要とするため、マウスからのSAMの単離は、採用する挑戦的な方法することができます細胞の解離は慎重な最適化が必要。 ここでは正常にパッチクランプ記録5-8のための成体マウスからのSAMを単離するために使用されているプロトコルの詳細なデモビデオを提供しています。我々の知る限りでは、他のソースから入手できるそのような視覚的なデモンストレーションではありません。また、新たな方法は、成体マウスからのSAMの単離された実証される遺伝的にエンコードされ、それによってタンパク質の導入を可能にする、数日間インビトロで維持することができアデノウイルス感染9を介してレポーター分子またはRNAi。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Sylgruard/Elastomer Kit</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>184 SIL ELAST KIT 0.5KG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Borosilicate 9&quot; pasteur pipettes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>13-678-20C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Small, round bottomed culture tubes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>352059</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Large, round bottomed culture tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>14-959-11B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Elastase</td><td>Worthington Biochemical</td><td>LS002279</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Liberase TM</td><td>Roche</td><td>5401119001</td><td>Tissue dissociation solution</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin</td><td>SAGENT Pharmaceuticals&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NDC 25021-400-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse Laminin</td><td>Corning</td><td>CB-354232</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12 mm round glass coverslips</td><td>Fisher&amp;nbsp;</td><td>12-545-80</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24-well culture plate</td><td>Fisher</td><td>08-772-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ad-mCherry</td><td>Vector Biolabs</td><td>1767</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ad-eGFP</td><td>Vector Biolabs</td><td>1060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastic, disposable transfer pipette</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Micro scissors</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>17-467-496</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #4 Forceps</td><td>Roboz Instruments</td><td>RS-4904</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Forceps</td><td>Roboz Instruments</td><td>RS-8164</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting Iris Scissors</td><td>WPI, Inc.</td><td>501264</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting Pins</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>26002-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Sigma</td><td>71376</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KCl</td><td>Sigma</td><td>60128</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>60353</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Sigma</td><td>54457</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>glucose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G0350500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M8266</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C1016</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>taurine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T0625</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A2153</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K-glutamate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G1501</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K-aspartate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A6558</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M7506</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>creatine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C0780</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EGTA</td><td>Sigma</td><td>E3889</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mg-ATP</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A9187</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Amphotericin-B</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>1397-89-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoproterenol</td><td>Calbiochem</td><td>420355</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Media199</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M4530</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>B0753</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>SH30071</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A5611</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I3146</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transferrin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I3146</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Selenium</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I3146</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin</td><td>GE Healthcare</td><td>SV30010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Streptomycin</td><td>Hyclone</td><td>SV30010</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

methods for the isolation, culture, and functional characterization of sinoatrial node myocytes from adult mice

洞房結節筋細胞（SAMは）自発的な活動電位（APを）を生成することにより、ビートそれぞれの心を開始し、心臓の自然のペースメーカーとして機能します。これらのペースメーカーAPは多数の膜電流と細胞内カルシウムサイクリングの協調活動を反映しています。しかし、SAMの中で自発的なペースメーカー活性を駆動する正確なメカニズムは、とらえどころのないまま。急性孤立したSAMは、心臓ペースメーカーの分子的基礎を分析するための実験のための不可欠な準備です。しかし、不明瞭な解剖学、複雑な顕微解剖、および気難しい酵素消化条件は急性孤立したSAMの普及を妨げてきました。また、方法は、タンパク質発現の研究​​のためにSAMの長期培養を可能にするために、最近まで利用できませんでした。ここでは、成体マウスからのSAMの単離のためのステップバイステップのプロトコルおよびビデオデモンストレーションを提供しています。この方法はまた、in vitroおよびin expressiのための成体マウスのSAMを維持するために実証されていますアデノウイルス感染を介した外因性タンパク質の上。これらの方法を介して調製急性単離し、培養したSAMは、電気生理学とイメージング研究の多様に適しています。

ここで説明するプロトコルは、以前に別のパッチクランプ研究5-8種々のに適している成体マウスから自発的に活性のSAMを単離するために使用されてきました。また、プロトコルは、最大1週間培養物中に維持することができる単離されたSAMを可能にします。培養細胞への遺伝子導入は、アデノウイルス感染9を介して達成することができます。このセク?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods for the Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Sinoatrial Node Myocytes from Adult Mice at JoVE.com

Methods for the Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Sinoatrial Node Myocytes from Adult Mice

方法は、パッチクランプ電気生理学やイメージング研究のための成体マウスから洞房結節筋細胞（のSAM）の単離のために実証されています。単離された細胞を直接使用することができ、またはそのような遺伝的にコードされたレポーターとして、関心対象のタンパク質の発現を可能にするために、培養物中に維持することができます。

成体マウスから洞房結節筋細胞の単離、培養、および機能解析のための方法

Sinoatrial node myocytes (SAMs) act as the natural pacemakers of the heart, initiating each heart beat by generating spontaneous action potentials (APs). ...

methods-for-isolation-culture-functional-characterization-sinoatrial

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.1K ビュー.  University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. 方法は、パッチクランプ電気生理学やイメージング研究のための成体マウスから洞房結節筋細胞（のSAM）の単離のために実証されています。単離された細胞を直接使用することができ、またはそのような遺伝的にコードされたレポーターとして、関心対象のタンパク質の発現を可能にするために、培養物中に維持することができます。 

ビデオ: Methods for the Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Sinoatrial Node Myocytes from Adult Mice

Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Adult Mouse Cardiomyoctyes

The use of primary cardiomyocytes (CMs) in culture has provided a powerful complement to murine models of heart disease in advancing our understanding of heart disease. In particular, the ability to study ion homeostasis, ion channel function, cellular excitability and excitation-contraction coupling and their alterations in diseased conditions and by disease-causing mutations have led to significant insights into cardiac diseases. Furthermore, the lack of an adequate immortalized cell line to mimic adult CMs, and the limitations of neonatal CMs (which lack many of the structural and functional biomechanics characteristic of adult CMs) in culture have hampered our understanding of the complex interplay between signaling pathways, ion channels and contractile properties in the adult heart strengthening the importance of studying adult isolated cardiomyocytes. Here, we present methods for the isolation, culture, manipulation of gene expression by adenoviral-expressed proteins, and subsequent functional analysis of cardiomyocytes from the adult mouse. The use of these techniques will help to develop mechanistic insight into signaling pathways that regulate cellular excitability, Ca2+ dynamics and contractility and provide a much more physiologically relevant characterization of cardiovascular disease.

Here we describe the isolation of adult mouse cardiomyoctyes using a Langendorff perfusion system. The resulting cells are Ca2+-tolerant, electrically quiescent and can be cultured and transfected with adeno- or lentiviruses to manipulate gene expression. Their functionality can also be analyzed using the MMSYS system and patch clamp techniques.

アイソレーション、文化、および成体マウスCardiomyoctyesの機能解析

The use of primary cardiomyocytes (CMs) in culture has provided a powerful complement to murine models of heart disease in advancing our understanding of ...

生物学

Isolation of Atrial Myocytes from Adult Mice

The electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes importantly affect overall cardiac function. Alterations in the underlying ionic currents responsible for the action potential can cause pro-arrhythmic substrates that underlie arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, which are highly prevalent in many conditions and disease states. Isolating adult mouse atrial cardiomyocytes for use in patch-clamp experiments has greatly advanced our knowledge and understanding of the cellular electrophysiology in the healthy atrial myocardium and in the setting of atrial pathophysiology. In addition, studies using genetic mouse models have elucidated the role of a vast array of proteins in regulating atrial electrophysiology. Here we provide a detailed protocol for the isolation of cardiomyocytes from the atrial appendages of adult mice using a combination of enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of these tissues. This approach consistently and reliably yields isolated atrial cardiomyocytes that can then be used to characterize cellular electrophysiology by measuring action potentials and ionic currents in patch-clamp experiments under a number of experimental conditions.

This protocol is used to isolate single atrial cardiomyocytes from the adult mouse heart using a chunk digestion approach. This approach is used to isolate right or left atrial myocytes that can be used to characterize atrial myocyte electrophysiology in patch-clamp studies.

成体マウスからの心房筋細胞の単離

The electrophysiological properties of atrial myocytes importantly affect overall cardiac function. Alterations in the underlying ionic currents ...

医学

Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Cell Signaling and in vitro Cardiac Hypertrophy

Technological advances have made genetically modified mice, including transgenic and gene knockout mice, an essential tool in many research fields. Adult cardiomyocytes are widely accepted as a good model for cardiac cellular physiology and pathophysiology, as well as for pharmaceutical intervention. Genetically modified mice preclude the need for complicated cardiomyocyte infection processes to generate the desired genotype, which are inefficient due to cardiomyocytes&#8217; terminal differentiation. Isolation and culture of high quantity and quality functional cardiomyocytes will dramatically benefit cardiovascular research and provide an important tool for cell signaling transduction research and drug development. Here, we describe a well-established method for isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes that can be implemented with little training. The mouse heart is excised and cannulated to an isolated heart system, then perfused with a calcium-free and high potassium buffer followed by type II collagenase digestion in Langendorff retrograde perfusion mode. This protocol yields a consistent result for the collection of functional adult mouse cardiomyocytes from a variety of genetically modified mice.

Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes for Cell Signaling and in vitro Cardiac Hypertrophy

We describe a reliable method for isolation of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. This protocol yields a consistent result for the culture of functional adult cardiomyocytes from a variety of genetically modified mice.

細胞シグナリングのための成体マウスの心筋細胞の単離と文化<em&gt; in vitroで</em&gt;心肥大

Technological advances have made genetically modified mice, including transgenic and gene knockout mice, an essential tool in many research fields. Adult ...

Isolation and Culture of Resident Cardiac Macrophages from the Murine Sinoatrial and Atrioventricular Node

Resident cardiac macrophages have been demonstrated to facilitate the electrical conduction in the heart. The physiologic heart rhythm is initiated by electrical impulses generated in sinoatrial node (SAN) and then conducted to ventricles via atrioventricular node (AVN). To further study the role of resident macrophages in cardiac conduction system, a proper isolation of resident macrophages from SAN and AVN is necessary, but it remains challenging. Here, we provide a protocol for the reliable microdissection of the SAN and AVN in murine hearts followed by the isolation and culture of resident macrophages.
Both, SAN which is located at the junction of the crista terminalis with the superior vena cava, and AVN which is located at the apex of the triangle of Koch, are identified and microdissected. Correct location is confirmed by histologic analysis of the tissue performed with Masson's trichrome stain and by anti-HCN4.
Microdissected tissues are then enzymatically digested to obtain single cell suspensions followed by the incubation with a specific panel of antibodies directed against cell-type specific surface markers. This allows to identify, count, or isolate different cell populations by fluorescent activated cell sorting. To differentiate cardiac resident macrophages from other immune cells in the myocardium, especially recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, a delicate devised gating strategy is needed. First, lymphoid lineage cells are detected and excluded from further analysis. Then, myeloid cells are identified with resident macrophages being determined by high expression of both CD45 and CD11b, and low expression of Ly6C. With cell sorting, isolated cardiac macrophages can then be cultivated in vitro over several days for further investigation. We, therefore, describe a protocol to isolate cardiac resident macrophages located within the cardiac conduction system. We discuss pitfalls in microdissecting and digesting SAN and AVN, and provide a gating strategy to reliably identify, count and sort cardiac macrophages by fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

The protocol presented here provides a step-by-step approach for the isolation of cardiac resident macrophages from the sinoatrial node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) region of mouse hearts.

マウス洞房・房室結節からの常在型心臓マクロファージの単離と培養

Resident cardiac macrophages have been demonstrated to facilitate the electrical conduction in the heart. The physiologic heart rhythm is initiated by ...

Modifications of the Langendorff Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes from Adult Mice

A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction and electrical activity. Hence, isolating viable, high-quality cardiomyocytes from the heart is the initial and most crucial experimental step. Comparing the various protocols for isolating the cardiomyocytes of adult mice, the Langendorff retrograde perfusion is the most successful and reproducible method reported in the literature, especially for isolating ventricular myocytes. However, isolating quality atrial myocytes from the perfused heart remains challenging, and few successful isolation reports are available. Solving this complicated problem is extremely important because apart from ventricular disease, atrial disease accounts for a large part of heart diseases. Therefore, further investigations on the cellular level to reveal the mechanisms are warranted. In this paper, a protocol based on the Langendorff retrograde perfusion method is introduced and some modifications in the depth of aorta cannulation and the steps that may affect the digestion process to isolate atrial and ventricular myocytes were simultaneously made. Moreover, the isolated cardiomyocytes are confirmed to be amenable to patch clamp investigation.

This protocol describes modifications of the Langendorff method including the depth of aorta cannulation for simultaneous Isolation of atrial and ventricular myocytes from adult mice.

成体マウスからの心房と心室筋細胞の同時分離のためのランゲンドルフ法の改変

A single cardiomyocyte is a vital tool in the cellular and subcellular level studies of cardiac biology and diseases as a fundamental unit of contraction ...

Isolation, Culture and Transduction of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cultured cardiomyocytes can be used to study cardiomyocyte biology using techniques that are complementary to in vivo systems. For example, the purity and accessibility of in vitro culture enables fine control over biochemical analyses, live imaging, and electrophysiology. Long-term culture of cardiomyocytes offers access to additional experimental approaches that cannot be completed in short term cultures. For example, the in vitro investigation of dedifferentiation, cell cycle re-entry, and cell division has thus far largely been restricted to rat cardiomyocytes, which appear to be more robust in long-term culture. However, the availability of a rich toolset of transgenic mouse lines and well-developed disease models make mouse systems attractive for cardiac research. Although several reports exist of adult mouse cardiomyocyte isolation, few studies demonstrate their long-term culture. Presented here, is a step-by-step method for the isolation and long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes. First, retrograde Langendorff perfusion is used to efficiently digest the heart with proteases, followed by gravity sedimentation purification. After a period of dedifferentiation following isolation, the cells gradually attach to the culture and can be cultured for weeks. Adenovirus cell lysate is used to efficiently transduce the isolated cardiomyocytes. These methods provide a simple, yet powerful model system to study cardiac biology.

This protocol describes a step-by-step method for the reproducible isolation and long-term culture of adult mouse cardiomyocytes with high yield, purity, and viability.

成体マウスの心筋細胞の単離、培養および形質導入

Cultured cardiomyocytes can be used to study cardiomyocyte biology using techniques that are complementary to in vivo systems. For example, the purity and ...

A Simple and Effective Method to Consistently Isolate Mouse Cardiomyocytes

The need for reproducible yet technically simple methods yielding high-quality cardiomyocytes is essential for research in cardiac biology. Cellular and molecular functional experiments (e.g., contraction, electrophysiology, calcium cycling, etc.) on cardiomyocytes are the gold standard for establishing mechanism(s) of disease. The mouse is the species of choice for functional experiments and the described technique is specifically for the isolation of mouse cardiomyocytes. Previous methods requiring a Langendorff apparatus require high levels of training and precision for aortic cannulation, often resulting in ischemia. The field is shifting toward Langendorff-free isolation methods that are simple, are reproducible, and yield viable myocytes for physiological data acquisition and culture. These methods greatly diminish ischemia time compared to aortic cannulation and result in reliably obtained cardiomyocytes. Our adaptation to the Langendorff-free method includes an initial perfusion with ice-cold clearing solution, use of a stabilizing platform that ensures a steady needle during perfusion, and additional digestion steps to ensure reliably obtained cardiomyocytes for use in functional measurements and culture. This method is simple and quick to perform and requires little technical skill.

The gold standard in cardiology for cellular and molecular functional experiments are cardiomyocytes. This article describes adaptations to the non-Langendorff technique to isolate mouse cardiomyocytes.

マウス心筋細胞を一貫して単離するための簡単で効果的な方法

The need for reproducible yet technically simple methods yielding high-quality cardiomyocytes is essential for research in cardiac biology. Cellular and ...

Simultaneous Isolation and Culture of Atrial Myocytes, Ventricular Myocytes, and Non-Myocytes from an Adult Mouse Heart

The isolation and culturing of cardiac myocytes from mice has been essential for furthering the understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. While isolating myocytes from neonatal mouse hearts is relatively straightforward, myocytes from the adult murine heart are preferred. This is because compared to neonatal cells, adult myocytes more accurately recapitulate cell function as it occurs in the adult heart in vivo. However, it is technically difficult to isolate adult mouse cardiac myocytes in the necessary quantities and viability, which contributes to an experimental impasse. Furthermore, published procedures are specific for the isolation of either atrial or ventricular myocytes at the expense of atrial and ventricular non-myocyte cells. Described here is a detailed method for isolating both atrial and ventricular cardiac myocytes, along with atrial and ventricular non-myocytes, simultaneously from a single mouse heart. Also provided are the details for optimal cell-specific culturing methods, which enhance cell viability and function. This protocol aims not only to expedite the process of adult murine cardiac cell isolation, but also to increase the yield and viability of cells for investigations of atrial and ventricular cardiac cells.

A method is described for the simultaneous isolation of myocytes and non-myocytes from both the atria and ventricles of a single adult mouse heart. This protocol results in consistent yields of highly viable cardiac myocytes and non-myocytes and details optimal cell-specific culture conditions for phenotyping and in vitro analysis.

心房筋細胞、心室筋細胞、および非筋細胞の同時分離と培養

The isolation and culturing of cardiac myocytes from mice has been essential for furthering the understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. ...

An Antegrade Perfusion Method for Cardiomyocyte Isolation from Mice

In basic research using mouse heart, isolating viable individual cardiomyocytes is a crucial technical step to overcome. Traditionally, isolating cardiomyocytes from rabbits, guinea pigs or rats has been performed via retrograde perfusion of the heart with enzymes using a Langendorff apparatus. However, a high degree of skill is required when this method is used with a small mouse heart. An antegrade perfusion method that does not use a Langendorff apparatus was recently reported for the isolation of mouse cardiomyocytes. We herein report a complete protocol for the improved antegrade perfusion of the excised heart to isolate individual heart cells from adult mice (8 - 108 weeks old). Antegrade perfusion is performed by injecting perfusate near the apex of the left ventricle of the excised heart, the aorta of which was clamped, using an infusion pump. All procedures are carried out on a pre-warmed heater mat under a microscope, which allows for the injection and perfusion processes to be monitored. The results suggest that ventricular and atrial myocytes, and fibroblasts can be well isolated from a single adult mouse simultaneously.

We developed a simple method for isolating high quality individual mouse heart cells by the antegrade perfusion technique. This method is Langendorff-free and useful for isolating ventricular and atrial myocytes or interstitial cells, such as cardiac fibroblasts or progenitors.

マウスからの心筋細胞分離のための前向きの灌流法

In basic research using mouse heart, isolating viable individual cardiomyocytes is a crucial technical step to overcome. Traditionally, isolating ...

Isolation of High Quality Murine Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and L-Type Calcium Current

Mouse models play a crucial role in arrhythmia research and allow studying key mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis including altered ion channel function and calcium handling. For this purpose, atrial or ventricular cardiomyocytes of high quality are necessary to perform patch-clamp measurements or to explore calcium handling abnormalities. However, the limited yield of high-quality cardiomyocytes obtained by current isolation protocols does not allow both measurements in the same mouse. This article describes a method to isolate high-quality murine atrial and ventricular myocytes via retrograde enzyme-based Langendorff perfusion, for subsequent simultaneous measurements of calcium transients and L-type calcium current from one animal. Mouse hearts are obtained, and the aorta is rapidly cannulated to remove blood. Hearts are then initially perfused with a calcium-free solution (37 &#176;C) to dissociate the tissue at the level of intercalated discs and afterwards with an enzyme solution containing little calcium to disrupt extracellular matrix (37 &#176;C). The digested heart is subsequently dissected into atria and ventricles. Tissue samples are chopped into small pieces and dissolved by carefully pipetting up and down. The enzymatic digestion is stopped, and cells are stepwise reintroduced to physiologic calcium concentrations. After loading with a fluorescent Ca2+-indicator, isolated cardiomyocytes are prepared for simultaneous measurement of calcium currents and transients. Additionally, isolation pitfalls are discussed and patch-clamp protocols and representative traces of L-type calcium currents with simultaneous calcium transient measurements in atrial and ventricular murine myocytes isolated as described above are provided.

Isolation of High Quality Murine Atrial and Ventricular Myocytes for Simultaneous Measurements of Ca2+ Transients and L-Type Calcium Current

Mouse models allow studying key mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis. For this purpose, high quality cardiomyocytes are necessary to perform patch-clamp measurements. Here, a method to isolate murine atrial and ventricular myocytes via retrograde enzyme-based Langendorff perfusion, which allows simultaneous measurements of calcium-transients and L-type calcium current, is described.

Ca2+過渡現象とL型カルシウム電流の同時測定のための高品質マウス心房および心室筋細胞の分離

Mouse models play a crucial role in arrhythmia research and allow studying key mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis including altered ion channel function and ...

成体マウスから洞房結節筋細胞の単離、培養、および機能解析のための方法

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