이 프로토콜은 glial 및 혈관 조직 오염의 최소화와 axoplasm 고립 수 있습니다. 방법은 하나의 80~10주 이전 위스타 랫 약 70-100 μg 총 axoplasm 단백질을 산출. 1. 좌골 신경을 해부하다 <ol><li> 자궁 경부 전위 다음 CO 2 흡입하여 두 쥐를 안락사. 처음의 해부하기 전에 심장 박동의 부족에 대한 촉진에 의해 죽음을 확인합니다. </li><li> 면봉 70 % 에탄올로 절개 지역. </li><li> 피부, 별도의 근육을 잘라 손상 혈관 않고 신중하게 가위와 집게를 사용하여 좌골 신경을 분리. 모두 좌골 신경 (약 1.5 cm 각) 각각의 동물에서 500 μL PBS 0.2X + 억제제와 eppendorf의 네 명 모두 신경을 수집, 얼음에 보관 해부하다. </li><li> PBS 0.2X + 프로 테아제 억제제의 최소한 2 ML를 포함하는 플라스틱 요리에 신경 세그먼트를 전송합니다. </li><li> 쌍안경 현미경 미세 집게를 사용하여 신경의 epineurium를 제거합니다. 그들은 흐린가 될 때까지 아주 조심스럽게 fascicles를 분리 및 솔루션의 표면에 떠을 시작합니다. 그것이 (신경 회 이상 10 분 복용하지 않음) 신속하고 정확하게 수행할 수있을 때까지이 단계는 연습을해야합니다. </li></ol> 2. 부화, 세척 및 용출 <ol><li> 전송 실온에서 2 시간을위한 인큐베이션에 대한 단백 분해 효소 억제제를 포함하는 PBS 0.2X 500 μL와 신선한 eppendorf 튜브에 fascicles 분리. </li><li> eppendorf 튜브에서 eppendorf 튜브에 fascicles을 전송 전송 후 5 분 흔들어하여 동일한 버퍼 1 ML 최소한 3 번 씻으십시오. </li><li> 유체 초과 제거하는 것은 새로운 빈 eppendorf 튜브에 fascicles를 넣고 다음 RT에서 20-30 분 배양을위한 테아제 억제제를 포함하는 PBS 1X 300 μL와 새로운 eppendorf 튜브에 fascicles을 전송하기만하면됩니다. </li><li> 4 만 XG에서 10 분 원심 분리기 ° C. </li><li> 뜨는 및 측정 단백질 농도를 가져가라. 이것은 axoplasm 준비입니다. </li></ol> 3. 대표 결과 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2087/2087fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 그림 1. 이 프로토콜과 같이 절연 axoplasm 샘플과 설명서를 쥐어 짜기 방법으로 절연 서양 얼룩 비교 axoplasm. 각각 혈액 단백질과 glial 세포 contaminations를 대표하는 알부민 및 GFAP의 감소 수준을합니다. 대조적으로, axonal tubulin B3는 axonal 단백질의 높은 수준을 나타내는이 준비 풍부합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Hanz, S., Perlson, E., Willis, D., Zheng, J. Q., Massarwa, R., Huerta, J. J., Koltzenburg, M., Kohler, M., van-Minnen, J., Twiss, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axoplasmic+importins+enable+retrograde+injury+signaling+in+lesioned+nerve.">Axoplasmic importins enable retrograde injury signaling in lesioned nerve.</a> Neuron. 40, 1095-1104 (2003).</li><li>Michaelevski, I., Medzihradszky, K. F., Lynn, A., Burlingame, A. L., Fainzilber, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axonal+transport+proteomics+reveals+mobilization+of+translation+machinery+to+the+lesion+site+in+injured+sciatic+nerve.">Axonal transport proteomics reveals mobilization of translation machinery to the lesion site in injured sciatic nerve.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 9 (5), 976-987 (2010).</li><li>Rishal, I., Michaelevski, I., Rozenbaum, M., Shinder, V., Medzihradszky, K. F., Burlingame, A. L., Fainzilber, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Axoplasm+isolation+from+peripheral+nerve.">Axoplasm isolation from peripheral nerve.</a> Dev Neurobiol. 70, 126-133 (2010).</li><li>Twiss, J. L., Fainzilber, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ribosomes+in+axons--scrounging+from+the+neighbors.">Ribosomes in axons--scrounging from the neighbors.</a> Trends Cell Biol. 19, 236-243 (2009).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

생화학 및 proteomic 분석 기계 쥐어 짜기 1 axoplasm 절연 이전에 설명한 방법에 비해이 절차는 혈청과 glial 세포 오염 3 감소 것으로 확인되었습니다. 우리는 좌골 신경 손상이 후 dynein 기반 역행 신호를 탐험하고 축삭 - glia 상호 작용 4를 포함한 성인 말초 신경 여러 프로세스의 탐사에 유틸리티를 기대이 axoplasm 격리 프로토콜을 사용하고 있습니다.

<ul><li> 남성 위스타 쥐 (80-10주 세) </li><li> 50 ML 당 단백 분해 효소 억제제 (Roshe) 2 타블렛을 포함하는 PBS 0.2X와 PBS 1X 솔루션 </li><li> 1.5 ML에 대한 Eppendorfs </li><li> 플라스틱 접시에게 35mm를 살균 </li><li> 가위와 고급 집게 포함 해부 도구 </li><li> 쌍안경과 테이블 조명 </li></ul> 항체 마우스 방지 GFAP 클론 GA - 5 시그마 (G6171)에서했습니다. 토끼 방지 알부민은 시더 레인 (CLAG5140)에서했습니다. 마우스 방지 Tubulin의 β3와 토끼 방지 gERK은 시그마 (T2200 각각 M5670)에서 있었다.

axoplasm isolation from rat sciatic nerve

주변 신경에서 순수 axonal 세포질 (axoplasm)의 분리는 많은 생물 학적 과정의 생화 학적 연구를 위해 매우 중요합니다. 이 문서에서는, 우리는 입증하고 다음 단계에 따라 성인 쥐의 좌골 신경에서 axoplasm 고립에 대한 프로토콜을 설명 : 신경 fascicles 및 결합 조직의 분리 (1) 절개를, hypotonic 매체 신경 fascicles의 짧은 세그먼트 (2) 인큐베이션 myelin을 릴리스 및 비 axonal 구조를 lyse을하며, (3) 남아있는 축삭 - 풍부한 자료의 추출. 이 준비 Proteomic 및 생화 학적 특성은 axonal 구성 요소에 대한 농축 높은 학위를 확인했습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Axoplasm Isolation from Rat Sciatic Nerve at JoVE.com

Axoplasm Isolation from Rat Sciatic Nerve

우리는 myelin를 공개하고 나머지 축삭 - 풍부한 자료의 추출 다음 비 axonal 구조를 lyse에 hypotonic 매체 신경 fascicles과 부화 해부에 따라 성인 쥐의 좌골 신경에서 axoplasm 절연을위한 프로토콜을 보여줍니다.

쥐 좌골 신경에서 Axoplasm 격리

Isolation of pure axonal cytoplasm (axoplasm) from peripheral nerve is crucial for biochemical studies of many biological processes. In this article, we ...

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13.5K 조회수.  Weizmann Institute of Science. 우리는 myelin를 공개하고 나머지 축삭 - 풍부한 자료의 추출 다음 비 axonal 구조를 lyse에 hypotonic 매체 신경 fascicles과 부화 해부에 따라 성인 쥐의 좌골 신경에서 axoplasm 절연을위한 프로토콜을 보여줍니다.

비디오: Axoplasm Isolation from Rat Sciatic Nerve

Reproducible Mouse Sciatic Nerve Crush and Subsequent Assessment of Regeneration by Whole Mount Muscle Analysis

Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative response mounted by PNS neurons thereby possibly illuminating the failures of CNS regeneration1. Sciatic nerve crush (axonotmesis) is one of the most common models of peripheral nerve injury in rodents2. Crushing interrupts all axons but Schwann cell basal laminae are preserved so that regeneration is optimal3,4. This allows the investigator to study precisely the ability of a growing axon to interact with both the Schwann cell and basal laminae4. Rats have generally been the preferred animal models for experimental nerve crush. They are widely available and their lesioned sciatic nerve provides a reasonable approximation of human nerve lesions5,4. Though smaller in size than rat nerve, the mouse nerve has many similar qualities. Most importantly though, mouse models are increasingly valuable because of the wide availability of transgenic lines now allows for a detailed dissection of the individual molecules critical for nerve regeneration6, 7. Prior investigators have used multiple methods to produce a nerve crush or injury including simple angled forceps, chilled forceps, hemostatic forceps, vascular clamps, and investigator-designed clamps8,9,10,11,12. Investigators have also used various methods of marking the injury site including suture, carbon particles and fluorescent beads13,14,1. We describe our method to obtain a reproducibly complete sciatic nerve crush with accurate and persistent marking of the crush-site using a fine hemostatic forceps and subsequent carbon crush-site marking. As part of our description of the sciatic nerve crush procedure we have also included a relatively simple method of muscle whole mount we use to subsequently quantify regeneration.

In this report we describe a method to crush mouse sciatic nerve. This method uses readily available hemostatic forceps and easily and reproducibly produces complete sciatic nerve crush. In addition, we describe a method to prepare muscle whole mounts suitable for analysis of nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush.

전체 마운트 근육 분석에 의한 재현성 마우스 좌골 신경 크러시와 중생의 후속 평가

Regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is widely studied both for its relevance to human disease and to understand the robust regenerative ...

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신경과학

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurements on Mouse Sciatic Nerves

Electrophysiological studies allow a rational classification of various neuromuscular diseases and are of help, together with neuropathological techniques, in the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology1. Here we describe a method to perform electrophysiological studies on mouse sciatic nerves in vivo.
The animals are anesthetized with isoflurane in order to ensure analgesia for the tested mice and undisturbed working environment during the measurements that take about 30 min/animal. A constant body temperature of 37 &#176;C is maintained by a heating plate and continuously measured by a rectal thermo probe2. Additionally, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is routinely recorded during the measurements in order to continuously monitor the physiological state of the investigated animals.
Electrophysiological recordings are performed on the sciatic nerve, the largest nerve of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), supplying the mouse hind limb with both motoric and sensory fiber tracts. In our protocol, sciatic nerves remain in situ and therefore do not have to be extracted or exposed, allowing measurements without any adverse nerve irritations along with actual recordings. Using appropriate needle electrodes3 we perform both proximal and distal nerve stimulations, registering the transmitted potentials with sensing electrodes at gastrocnemius muscles. After data processing, reliable and highly consistent values for the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and the compound motor action potential (CMAP), the key parameters for quantification of gross peripheral nerve functioning, can be achieved.

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurements on Mouse Sciatic Nerves

Measurements of nerve conduction properties in vivo exemplify a powerful tool to characterize various animal models of neuromuscular diseases. Here, we present an easy and reliable protocol by which electrophysiological analysis on sciatic nerves of anesthetized mice can be performed.

마우스 좌골 신경에 생체 전기 생리 측정에서

Electrophysiological studies allow a rational classification of various neuromuscular diseases and are of help, together with neuropathological ...

Minimally-invasive Technique for Injection into Rat Optic Nerve

The rat optic nerve is a useful model for stem cell regeneration research. Direct injection into the rat optic nerve allows delivery into the central nervous system in a minimally-invasive surgery without bone removal. This technique describes an approach to visualization and direct injection of the optic nerve following minor fascial dissection from the orbital ridge, using a conjunctival traction suture to gently pull the eye down and out. Representative examples of an injected optic nerve show successful injection of dyed beads.

Direct injection into the rat optic nerve is useful for regenerative research. We demonstrate a minimally-invasive technique for direct injection into a rat optic nerve that does not involve opening the skull. Using this method, surgical complications are minimized and recovery is more rapid.

쥐 시신경에 주입을위한 최소 침습 기술

The rat optic nerve is a useful model for stem cell regeneration research. Direct injection into the rat optic nerve allows delivery into the central ...

Visual Evoked Potential Recording in a Rat Model of Experimental Optic Nerve Demyelination

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to monitor the disease course in the follow-up period. Changes in the VEP parameters closely correlate with pathological damage in the optic nerve. This protocol provides a detailed description about the rodent model of optic nerve microinjection, in which a partial demyelination lesion is produced in the optic nerve. VEP recording techniques are also discussed. Using skull implanted electrodes, we are able to acquire reproducible intra-session and between-session VEP traces. VEPs can be recorded on individual animals over a period of time to assess the functional changes in the optic nerve longitudinally. The optic nerve demyelination model, in conjunction with the VEP recording protocol, provides a tool to investigate the disease processes associated with demyelination and remyelination, and can potentially be employed to evaluate the effects of new remyelinating drugs or neuroprotective therapies.

Focal demyelination is induced in the optic nerve using lysolecithin microinjection. Visual evoked potentials are recorded via skull electrodes implanted over the visual cortex to examine the signal conduction along the visual pathway in vivo. This protocol details the surgical procedures underlying electrode implantation and optic nerve microinjection.

실험 시신경의 탈수 초화의 쥐 모델에서 시각 유발 전위 기록

The visual evoked potential (VEP) recording is widely used in clinical practice to assess the severity of optic neuritis in its acute phase, and to ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to Schwann Cells in the Rodent Sciatic Nerve by Electroporation

The formation of the myelin sheath by Schwann cells (SCs) is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses along axons in the peripheral nervous system. SC-selective genetic manipulation in living animals is a powerful technique for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SC myelination and demyelination in vivo. While knockout/knockin and transgenic mice are powerful tools for studying SC biology, these methods are costly and time consuming. Viral vector-mediated transgene introduction into the sciatic nerve is a simpler and less laborious method. However, viral methods have limitations, such as toxicity, transgene size constraints, and infectivity restricted to certain developmental stages. Here, we describe a new method that allows selective transfection of myelinating SCs in the rodent sciatic nerve using electroporation. By applying electric pulses to the sciatic nerve at the site of plasmid DNA injection, genes of interest can be easily silenced or overexpressed in SCs in both neonatal and more mature animals. Furthermore, this in vivo electroporation method allows for highly efficient simultaneous expression of multiple transgenes. Our novel technique should enable researchers to efficiently manipulate SC gene expression, and facilitate studies on SC development and function.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to Schwann Cells in the Rodent Sciatic Nerve by Electroporation

Here, we present an in vivo technique for gene transfer to Schwann cells (SCs) in the rodent sciatic nerve. This simple technique is useful for investigating signaling mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of myelinating SCs.

Electroporation에 의해 쥐 좌골 신경의 슈반 세포로 생체 내 유전자 전달에

The formation of the myelin sheath by Schwann cells (SCs) is essential for rapid conduction of nerve impulses along axons in the peripheral nervous ...

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Electrophysiology enables the objective assessment of peripheral nerve function in vivo. Traditional nerve conduction measures such as amplitude and latency detect chronic axon loss and demyelination, respectively. Axonal excitability techniques &#34;by threshold tracking&#34; expand upon these measures by providing information regarding the activity of ion channels, pumps and exchangers that relate to acute function and may precede degenerative events. As such, the use of axonal excitability in animal models of neurological disorders may provide a useful in vivo measure to assess novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe an experimental setup for multiple measures of motor axonal excitability techniques in the rat ulnar nerve.
The animals are anesthetized with isoflurane and carefully monitored to ensure constant and adequate depth of anesthesia. Body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate and saturation of oxygen in the blood are continuously monitored. Axonal excitability studies are performed using percutaneous stimulation of the ulnar nerve and recording from the hypothenar muscles of the forelimb paw. With correct electrode placement, a clear compound muscle action potential that increases in amplitude with increasing stimulus intensity is recorded. An automated program is then utilized to deliver a series of electrical pulses which generate 5 specific excitability measures in the following sequence: stimulus response behavior, strength duration time constant, threshold electrotonus, current-threshold relationship and the recovery cycle.
Data presented here indicate that these measures are repeatable and show similarity between left and right ulnar nerves when assessed on the same day. A limitation of these techniques in this setting is the effect of dose and time under anesthesia. Careful monitoring and recording of these variables should be undertaken for consideration at the time of analysis.

In Vivo Electrophysiological Measurement of the Rat Ulnar Nerve with Axonal Excitability Testing

Axonal excitability techniques provide a powerful tool to examine pathophysiology and biophysical changes that precede irreversible degenerative events. This manuscript demonstrates the use of these techniques on the ulnar nerve of anesthetized rats.

Vivo에서 Axonal 흥분 테스트 쥐 척 골 신경의 electrophysiological 측정

Electrophysiology enables the objective assessment of peripheral nerve function in vivo. Traditional nerve conduction measures such as amplitude and ...

Analysis of Immune Cells in Single Sciatic Nerves and Dorsal Root Ganglion from a Single Mouse Using Flow Cytometry

Nerve-resident immune cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential to maintaining neuronal integrity in a healthy nerve. The immune cells of the PNS are affected by injury and disease, affecting the nerve function and the capacity for regeneration. Neuronal immune cells are commonly analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF). While IF is essential for determining the location of the immune cells in the nerve, IF is only semi-quantitative and the method is limited to the number of markers that can be analyzed simultaneously and the degree of surface expression. In this study, flow cytometry was used for quantitative analysis of leukocyte infiltration into sciatic nerves or dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) of individual mice. Single cell analysis was performed using DAPI and several proteins were analyzed simultaneously for either surface or intracellular expression. Both sciatic nerves from one mouse that were treated according to this protocol generated &#8805; 30,000 single nucleated events. The proportion of leukocytes in the sciatic nerves, determined by expression of CD45, was approximately 5% of total cell content in the sciatic nerve and approximately 5-10% in the DRG. Although this protocol focuses primarily on the immune cell population within the PNS, the flexibility of flow cytometry to measure a number of markers simultaneously means that the other cells populations present within the nerve, such as Schwann cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, can also be analyzed using this method. This method therefore provides a new means for studying systemic effects on the PNS, such as neurotoxicology and genetic models of neuropathy or in chronic diseases, such as diabetes.

Quantitative analysis of cell content within the murine sciatic nerve is difficult due to the scarcity of the tissue. This protocol describes a method for tissue digestion and preparation that provides sufficient cells for flow cytometry analysis of immune cell populations from nerves of individual mice.

단일 좌 골 신경 및 Cytometry 사용 하 여 단일 마우스에서 지 루트 신경 절에 면역 세포의 분석

Nerve-resident immune cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are essential to maintaining neuronal integrity in a healthy nerve. The immune cells of ...

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial nerve can be manipulated along its entire length, from its intracranial segment to its extratemporal course. There are three primary types of nerve injury used for the experimental study of regenerative properties: nerve crush, transection, and nerve gap. The range of possible interventions is vast, including surgical manipulation of the nerve, delivery of neuroactive reagents or cells, and either central or end-organ manipulations. Advantages of this model for studying nerve regeneration include simplicity, reproducibility, interspecies consistency, reliable survival rates of the rat, and an increased anatomic size relative to murine models. Its limitations involve a more limited genetic manipulation versus the mouse model and the superlative regenerative capability of the rat, such that the facial nerve scientist must carefully assess time points for recovery and whether to translate results to higher animals and human studies. The rat model for facial nerve injury allows for functional, electrophysiological, and histomorphometric parameters for the interpretation and comparison of nerve regeneration. It thereby boasts tremendous potential toward furthering the understanding and treatment of the devastating consequences of facial nerve injury in human patients.

This protocol describes a reproducible approach to facial nerve surgery in the rat model, including descriptions of various inducible patterns of injury.

축축한 억제 및 재생을 연구하는 쥐 모델의 안면 신경 수술

This protocol describes consistent and reproducible methods to study axonal regeneration and inhibition in a rat facial nerve injury model. The facial ...

Use of In Vivo Single-fiber Recording and Intact Dorsal Root Ganglion with Attached Sciatic Nerve to Examine the Mechanism of Conduction Failure

Single-fiber recording has been a classical and effective electrophysiological technique over the last few decades because of its specific application for nerve fibers in the central and peripheral nervous systems. This method is particularly applicable to dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which are primary sensory neurons that exhibit a pseudo-unipolar structure of nervous processes. The patterns and features of the action potentials passed along axons are recordable in these neurons. The present study uses in vivo single-fiber recordings to observe the conduction failure of sciatic nerves in complete Freund&#8217;s adjuvant (CFA)-treated rats. As the underlying mechanism cannot be studied using in vivo single-fiber recordings, patch-clamp-recordings of DRG neurons are performed on preparations of intact DRG with the attached sciatic nerve. These recordings reveal a positive correlation between conduction failure and the rising slope of the after-hyperpolarization potential (AHP) of DRG neurons in CFA-treated animals. The protocol for in vivo single fiber-recordings allows the classification of nerve fibers via the measurement of conduction velocity and monitoring of abnormal conditions in nerve fibers in certain diseases. Intact DRG with attached peripheral nerve allows observation of the activity of DRG neurons in most physiological conditions. Conclusively, single-fiber recording combined with electrophysiological recording of intact DRGs is an effective method to examine the role of conduction failure during the analgesic process.

Single-fiber recording is an effective electrophysiological technique that is applicable to the central and peripheral nervous systems. Along with the preparation of intact DRG with the attached sciatic nerve, the mechanism of conduction failure is examined. Both protocols improve the understanding of the peripheral nervous system&#39;s relationship with pain.

전도 실패의 메커니즘을 검사하기 위해 연결된 Sciatic 신경을 가진 생체 내 단일 섬유 기록 및 손상되지 않은 등철 루트 신경절의 사용

Single-fiber recording has been a classical and effective electrophysiological technique over the last few decades because of its specific application for ...

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of sciatic nerve injury rodent models. In this protocol, we describe a novel kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture apparatus for functional evaluations using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. First, the rat is familiarized with treadmill walking. Markers are then attached to the designated bone landmarks and the rat is made to walk on the treadmill at the desired speed. Meanwhile, the posterior limb movements of the rat are recorded using four cameras. Depending on the software used, marker tracings are created using both automatic and manual modes and the desired data are produced after subtle adjustments. This method of kinematic analysis, which uses a 3D motion capture apparatus, offers numerous advantages, including superior precision and accuracy. Many more parameters can be investigated during the comprehensive functional evaluations. This method has several shortcomings that require consideration: The system is expensive, can be complicated to operate, and may produce data deviations due to skin shifting. Nevertheless, kinematic analysis using a 3D motion capture apparatus is useful for performing functional anterior and posterior limb evaluations. In the future, this method may become increasingly useful for generating accurate assessments of various traumas and diseases.

We introduce a kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional motion capture apparatus containing four cameras and data processing software for performing functional evaluations during fundamental research involving rodent models.

Sciatic 신경 호감 상해의 쥐 모형에 있는 기능 평가를 위한 3D 운동학 분석

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of ...