이 작품은 미시간의 어린이 병원에서 마취의 부서에 의해 자금입니다.

1. 장비 준비 <ol><li> propofol 주입을위한 의대 융합 펌프 </li><li> 가열 매트리스 아래에 nasotracheal 튜브 플레이스 </li><li> 범위에 카메라를 연결하고 방향을 확인 </li><li> 세 움직임이 범위를 통해 볼 수에 영향을 <ol><li> 에서 아웃. </li><li> 두 손으로 책략을 사용하여 회전. </li><li> 굴곡과 범위의 끝을 연장. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. 추가 장비 <ol><li> 펜타 닐 0.5-1.0 mcg / kg </li><li> 12F 붉은 고무 흡입 카테터 </li><li> 0.1-0.2 MG를 Glycopyrrolate </li><li> 금속 insufflation 훅 </li><li> Afrin 비강 스프레이 </li><li> 윤활유 </li><li> Lidocaine 2퍼센트 또는 나레스를 분사에 대한 4퍼센트 </li></ol> 3. 환자 준비 <ol><li> 자연 통풍을 유지 마스크 유도를 수행합니다. </li><li> IV를 시작하고 펜타 닐과 glycopyrrolate IV를 제공합니다. </li><li> propofol 볼러스 1 MG / kg을주고 시작 propofol 주입 200 mcg / kg / 분. </li><li> 학생의 팽창을 피하기 위해 Afrin을 분사하기 전에 테이프 눈. </li><li> 두 나레스에 스프레이 Afrin 및 lidocaine. </li><li> 마스크 Afrin를 배포하기 위해 환자를 환기하고 distally lidocaine. </li><li> 명백을 확인하는 두 나레스에 빨간색 고무 카테터 패스. </li><li> fiberoptic 범위에 대한 더 많은 특허 콧구멍을 선택합니다. </li><li> O 2 hypopharynx에 끝으로 다른 콧구멍에 빨간 고무 보관하십시오. </li><li> 회로에 빨간 고무 연결하고 O 2 개 중 2 L / 분 (hypopharynx에 높은 흐름을 insufflate하지 않음) 관리 insufflation 후크를 사용합니다. </li></ol> 4. 실제 Fiberoptic 삽관법 <ol><li> nasotracheal 튜브에서 커넥터를 가져가라. </li><li> 윤활 fiberoptic 범위까지 사전 튜브는 모든 방법입니다. </li><li> 알코올로 청소 fiberoptic 팁 </li><li> 코를 바닥에 따라 범위의 끝 부분에 약간의 곡선을 넣어. </li><li> 맹목적으로 후두에 fiberoptic를 스레드. </li><li> 어떤 인식할 해부학 구조를 찾습니다. 꼼짝마! </li><li> 필드의 중앙에 해부 구조를 가지고 거기에 그들을 유지. </li><li> 성대를 접근하면, propofol 1 MG / kg IV의 볼러스를 제공합니다. </li><li> 일단 코드를 통해 기관으로 아래로 회전합니다. </li><li> 카리나의 수준에 tracheal 반지를 따르십시오. </li><li> 당신이 1 MG / kg IV의 추가 propofol 볼러스을 요구할 수 있습니다. </li><li> fiberoptic 범위 팁이 중립 위치에 있는지 확인하십시오. </li><li> ETT를 스레드. ETT는 후두에 묶여 알려지면, 기관에 그것을 회전하는 튜브의 360 ° 회전을 제공합니다. </li></ol> 5. 대표 결과 이 비디오는 주민과 동문 및 재현성 쉽게 가르침을받을만한 것입니다 소아 환자에 선택 과목 fiberoptic 삽관법위한 효율적인 기법을 보여줍니다. 주요 열쇠는 항상 자연 통풍을 유지하는 것입니다. 손 전 좋은 장비 준비도 중요합니다.

<ol>
	<li>Kinouchi, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Management+of+difficult+pediatric+airway.">Management of difficult pediatric airway.</a> Masui. 55, 24-32 (2006).</li><li>Chen, Y. L., Wu, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Airway+management+of+patients+with+craniofacial+abnormalities:+10-year+experience+at+a+teaching+hospital+in+Taiwan.">Airway management of patients with craniofacial abnormalities: 10-year experience at a teaching hospital in Taiwan.</a> J Chin Med Assoc. 72, 468-470 (2009).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practice+guidelines+for+management+of+the+difficult+airway:+an+updated+report+by+the+American+Society+of+Anesthesiologists+Task+Force+on+Management+of+the+Difficult+Airway.">Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Management of the Difficult Airway.</a> Anesthesiology. 98, 1269-1277 (2003).</li><li>Fiadjoe, J., Stricker, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+difficult+airway+management:+current+devices+and+techniques.">Pediatric difficult airway management: current devices and techniques.</a> Anesthesiol Clin. 27, 185-195 (2009).</li><li>Wheeler, M., Roth, A. G., Dsida, R. M., Rae, B., Seshadri, R., Sullivan, C. L., Heffner, C. L., Cote, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Teaching+residents+pediatric+fiberoptic+intubation+of+the+trachea:+traditional+fiberscope+with+an+eyepiece+versus+a+video-assisted+technique+using+a+fiberscope+with+an+integrated+camera.">Teaching residents pediatric fiberoptic intubation of the trachea: traditional fiberscope with an eyepiece versus a video-assisted technique using a fiberscope with an integrated camera.</a> Anesthesiology. 101, 842-846 (2004).</li><li>Roth, A. G., Wheeler, M., Stevenson, G. W., Hall, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+a+rigid+laryngoscope+with+the+ultrathin+fibreoptic+laryngoscope+for+tracheal+intubation+in+infants.">Comparison of a rigid laryngoscope with the ultrathin fibreoptic laryngoscope for tracheal intubation in infants.</a> Can J Anaesth. 41, 1069-1073 (1994).</li><li>Ovassapian, A., Dykes, M. H., Golmon, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+training+programme+for+fibreoptic+nasotracheal+intubation.+Use+of+model+and+live+patients.">A training programme for fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation. Use of model and live patients.</a> Anaesthesia. 38, 795-798 (1983).</li><li>Stevenson, G. W., Roth, A. G., Wheeler, M., Hall, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+Olympus+LF-P+fibreoptic+laryngoscope+by+trainees+in+paediatric+anaesthesia.">Use of the Olympus LF-P fibreoptic laryngoscope by trainees in paediatric anaesthesia.</a> Anaesthesia. 51, (1996).</li><li>Taguchi, S., Kusunoki, S., Fukuda, H., Hamada, H., Kawamoto, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Difficult+tracheal+intubation+using+airway+scope+in+a+pediatric+patient+with+Hunter+syndrome.">Difficult tracheal intubation using airway scope in a pediatric patient with Hunter syndrome.</a> Masui. 58, 1278-1281 (2009).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

어려운 에어웨이와 소아 환자에서 Fiberoptic 삽관법은 어려운 작업 1,2 될 수 있으며, craniofacial dysmorphisms의 존재는 tracheal 삽관법 3 추가 도전을 선물한다. 그것은 firberoptic 범위의 끝의 작은 움직임의 점막을 감동의 위험을 실행 이후 fiberoptic의 조작이 더 어렵게 만들 소아 환자에서 주로하기 때문에 작은기도의 성인에 비해 소아 환자에서이 절차를 수행하기가 더 어렵습니다 nasophary...

<ul><li> propofol 주입을위한 의대 융합 펌프 </li><li> 펜타 닐 0.5-1.0 mcg / kg </li><li> 12F 붉은 고무 흡입 카테터 </li><li> 0.1-0.2 MG를 Glycopyrrolate </li><li> 금속 insufflation 훅 </li><li> Afrin 비강 스프레이 </li><li> 윤활유 </li><li> Lidocaine 2퍼센트 또는 나레스를 분사에 대한 4퍼센트 </li></ul>

guidelines for elective pediatric fiberoptic intubation

소아 환자에서 Fiberoptic 삽관법는 종종 특히 syndromic 환자 즉, 피에르 로빈 증후군의 어려운기도가 필요합니다. 환기가 높은 대사율 주로 중단되면 작은 아기는 매우 빠르게 desaturate 것입니다. 우리는 절차를 통해 자발적인 호흡을 유지하면서 안전 fiberoptic 삽관법을 수행하는 지침을 설명합니다. propofol 펌프, 펜타 닐, glycopyrrolate, 빨간색 고무 카테 테르, 금속 insuflation 훅, afrin, 윤활유 및 lidocaine 스프레이의 사용을 필요로하는 단계가 표시됩니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation at JoVE.com

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

우리는 자연 통풍을 유지하면서 소아 환자에서 안전하고 효율적인 선택 fiberoptic 삽관법을 수행하는 지침을 설명합니다.

선택 소아 Fiberoptic 삽관법에 대한 지침

Fiberoptic intubation in pediatric patients is often required especially in difficult airways of syndromic patients i.e. Pierre Robin Syndrome. Small ...

guidelines-for-elective-pediatric-fiberoptic-intubation

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

17.3K 조회수.  St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. 우리는 자연 통풍을 유지하면서 소아 환자에서 안전하고 효율적인 선택 fiberoptic 삽관법을 수행하는 지침을 설명합니다.

비디오: Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

A Novel Rescue Technique for Difficult Intubation and Difficult Ventilation

We describe a novel non surgical technique to maintain oxygenation and ventilation in a case of difficult intubation and difficult ventilation, which works especially well with poor mask fit.
Can not intubate, can not ventilate" (CICV) is a potentially life threatening situation. In this video we present a simulation of the technique we used in a case of CICV where oxygenation and ventilation were maintained by inserting an endotracheal tube (ETT) nasally down to the level of the naso-pharynx while sealing the mouth and nares for successful positive pressure ventilation.
A 13 year old patient was taken to the operating room for incision and drainage of a neck abcess and direct laryngobronchoscopy. After preoxygenation, anesthesia was induced intravenously. Mask ventilation was found to be extremely difficult because of the swelling of the soft tissue. The face mask could not fit properly on the face due to significant facial swelling as well. A direct laryngoscopy was attempted with no visualization of the larynx. Oxygen saturation was difficult to maintain, with saturations falling to 80%. In order to oxygenate and ventilate the patient, an endotracheal tube was then inserted nasally after nasal spray with nasal decongestant and lubricant. The tube was pushed gently and blindly into the hypopharynx. The mouth and nose of the patient were sealed by hand and positive pressure ventilation was possible with 100% O2 with good oxygen saturation during that period of time. Once the patient was stable and well sedated, a rigid bronchoscope was introduced by the otolaryngologist showing extensive subglottic and epiglottic edema, and a mass effect from the abscess, contributing to the airway compromise. The airway was secured with an ETT tube by the otolaryngologist.This video will show a simulation of the technique on a patient undergoing general anesthesia for dental restorations.

We describe a technique to maintain oxygenation and ventilation using an endotracheal tube inserted nasally to the level of the naso-pharynx while sealing the mouth and nares for successful positive pressure ventilation.

어려운 삽관법 어려운 환기를위한 소설 구조 기술

We describe a novel non surgical technique to maintain oxygenation and ventilation in a case of difficult intubation and difficult ventilation, which ...

연구

의학

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or expensive animal. One of the reasons that this is not done more routinely is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper we demonstrate a procedure that eliminates one of the major hurdles associated with this intubation, that of visualizing the trachea during the entire time of intubation. The approach uses a 0.5 mm fiberoptic light source that serves as an introducer to direct the intubation cannula into the mouse trachea. We show that it is possible to use this procedure to measure lung mechanics in individual mice over a time course of at least several weeks. The technique can be set up with relatively little expense and expertise, and it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice, thereby minimizing the number of mice needed and increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.

This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.

마우스 폐 삽관 법의 간단한 방법

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Intubation-mediated Intratracheal (IMIT) Instillation: A Noninvasive, Lung-specific Delivery System

Respiratory disease studies typically involve the use of murine models as surrogate systems. However, there are significant physiologic differences between the murine and human respiratory systems, especially in their upper respiratory tracts (URT). In some models, these differences in the murine nasal cavity can have a significant impact on disease progression and presentation in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) when using intranasal instillation techniques, potentially limiting the usefulness of the mouse model to study these diseases. For these reasons, it would be advantageous to develop a technique to instill bacteria directly into the mouse lungs in order to study LRT disease in the absence of involvement of the URT. We have termed this lung specific delivery technique intubation-mediated intratracheal (IMIT) instillation. This noninvasive technique minimizes the potential for instillation into the bloodstream, which can occur during more invasive traditional surgical intratracheal infection approaches, and limits the possibility of incidental digestive tract delivery. IMIT is a two-step process in which mice are first intubated, with an intermediate step to ensure correct catheter placement into the trachea, followed by insertion of a blunt needle into the catheter to mediate direct delivery of bacteria into the lung. This approach facilitates a &#62;98% efficacy of delivery into the lungs with excellent distribution of reagent throughout the lung. Thus, IMIT represents a novel approach to study LRT disease and therapeutic delivery directly into the lung, improving upon the ability to use mice as surrogates to study human respiratory disease. Furthermore, the accuracy and reproducibility of this delivery system also makes it amenable to Good Laboratory Practice Standards (GLPS), as well as delivery of a wide range of reagents which require high efficiency delivery to the lung.

Intubation-mediated Intratracheal IMIT Instillation: A Noninvasive, Lung-specific Delivery System

Intubation-mediated intratracheal (IMIT) instillation of reagents is an excellent, noninvasive method for studying respiratory disease, as well as a method for instilling therapeutic reagents directly into the lung. It is a rapid and highly reproducible method which is suitable for preclinical testing.

삽관 매개 기관 내 (IMIT) 떨어 뜨림 : 비 침습적, 폐 별 전달 시스템

Respiratory disease studies typically involve the use of murine models as surrogate systems. However, there are significant physiologic differences ...

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

This article presents a rapid and simple method for administering bleomycin directly into the mouse trachea via intubation. Key advantages of this method are that it is highly reproducible, easy to master, and does not require specialized equipment or lengthy recovery times.

마우스의기도 신속 삽관 용 개선 된 방법

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus

Ultrasound is a safe bedside imaging tool that obviates the use of ionizing radiation diagnostic procedures. Due to its convenience, the lung ultrasound has received increasing attention from neonatal physicians. Nevertheless, clear reference standards and guideline limits are needed for accurate application of this diagnostic modality. This document aims to summarize expert opinions and to provide precise guidance to help facilitate the use of the lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases.

Lung ultrasound is a noninvasive and valuable tool for bedside evaluation of neonatal lung diseases. However, a relative lack of reference standards, protocols and guidelines may limit its application. Here, we aim to develop a standardized neonatal lung ultrasound diagnostic protocol to be used in clinical decision-making.

프로토콜 및 국제 전문가 합의에 따라 신생아 폐 질병 진단 포인트의 케어 폐 초음파에 대 한 지침

Ultrasound is a safe bedside imaging tool that obviates the use of ionizing radiation diagnostic procedures. Due to its convenience, the lung ultrasound ...

Repeated Orotracheal Intubation in Mice

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ventral neck for direct confirmation of cannula placement in the trachea. The relative difficulty or the tissue trauma induced to the subject by such procedures can be an impediment to an investigator&#8217;s ability to perform longitudinal studies. This article illustrates a technique in which physical manipulation of the mouse following the use of a depilatory to remove hair from the ventral neck permits transcutaneous visualization of the trachea for orotracheal intubation regardless of degree of skin pigmentation. This method is innocuous to the subject and easily achieved with a limited understanding of murine anatomy. This refined approach facilitates repeated intubation, which may be necessary for monitoring progression of disease or instillation of treatments. Using this method may result in a reduction of the number of animals and technical skill required to measure lung function in mouse models of respiratory disease.

The goal of this article is to describe a refined method of intubation of the laboratory mouse. The method is noninvasive and, therefore, ideal for studies that require serial monitoring of respiratory function and/or instillation of treatments into the lung.

마우스에서 반복된 Orotracheal 삽관

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ...

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical characteristics, which is further complicated in the case of the newborn. Of the different methods of advanced airway management, endotracheal intubation is less aggressive than tracheostomy, and is more feasible than supraglottic management given the lack of supraglottic devices of such a small size. As direct glottis visualization is very difficult in animals this size, this blind intubation model is presented as an effective alternative, especially for experiments requiring prolonged anesthesia. Using this method, we performed blind intubations with a 90% success rate.

We describe a technique of endotracheal intubation in newborn rabbits after esophageal catheterization with a gastric tube.

신생아 토끼의 맹인 내트라큐어 삽관

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical ...

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway or high ventilation pressures. Endotracheal intubation is a challenging skill,&#160;requiring a minimum number of successful endotracheal intubations to achieve a high success rate under optimal conditions, which is often unachievable for non-anaesthesiology researchers. Due to the specific porcine airway anatomy, a difficult airway can usually be assumed. The impossibility of establishing a secure airway can result in injury, adverse events, or death of the laboratory animal. Using a prospective, randomized, controlled evaluation approach, it has been shown that fiberoptic-assisted endotracheal intubation takes longer but has a higher first-pass success rate than conventional intubation without causing clinically relevant drops in oxygen saturation. This model presents a standardized regimen for endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, providing a secured airway, especially for researchers who are inexperienced in the technique of endotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy. This procedure is expected to minimize animal suffering and unnecessary animal losses.

The use of pigs in research has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, pigs are characterized by difficult airway anatomy. By demonstrating how to perform endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, the present protocol aims to further increase laboratory animals' safety to avoid animal suffering and unnecessary death.

돼지의 안전한 기도 관리를 위한 표준화된 모델로 유연한 삽관 내시경을 사용한 기관내 삽관

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway ...

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Animal Model After Cardiac Arrest

Pediatric Animal Model of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Prolonged Circulatory Arrest

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation, with about one million births impacted worldwide per year. Comprehensive investigation of this disease requires appropriate and validated animal models. Piglets are commonly used for translational research due to their analogous anatomy and physiology. This work aimed to describe and validate a neonatal piglet model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with circulatory and cardiac arrest (CA) as a tool for studying severe brain damage and other complications of cardiac surgery. In addition to including a list of materials, this work provides a roadmap for other investigators to plan and execute this protocol. After experienced practitioners performed several trials, the representative results of the model demonstrated a 92% success rate, with failures attributed to small piglet size and variant vessel anatomy. Furthermore, the model allowed practitioners to select from a wide variety of experimental conditions, including varying times in CA, temperature alterations, and pharmacologic interventions. In summary, this method uses materials readily available in most hospital settings, is reliable and reproducible, and can be widely employed to enhance translational research in children undergoing heart surgery.

저자 스포트라이트: 신생아 자돈 모델을 사용한 소아 심장 수술 시뮬레이션

This protocol describes a neonatal porcine model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), with circulatory and cardiac arrest as a tool for studying severe brain damage and other complications secondary to CPB.

장기간의 순환 정지 후 체외 심폐 소생술의 소아 동물 모델

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation, with about one million births impacted worldwide per year. Comprehensive ...