이 프로젝트는 MIT에서 기술 혁신에 대한 Deshpande 센터 (RK와 JMK)와 화학 및 생물 분판 프로그램을 통해 RK로 NSF 경력 보너스 0,952,493에 의해 지원되었다. 우리는 솔저 Nanotechnologies (외설) 및 시설의 사용을위한 MIT의 마이크로 기술 연구소 (MTL)에 대한 연구소 주셔서 감사합니다.

1. 롤링 HL60 세포 1.1. 문양의 기판 제작. <ol><li> 골드 코팅 유리 슬라이드에 PEG 분자의 자기 조립 monolayers을 (샘스) 교체하기 위해 microcontact 인쇄 (μCP) 4-7 사용 : α = 10의 경사 각도와 수용체의 패턴을 정의 microcontact 인쇄 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 우표를 조작 SU - 8 성형 공정에 의해 °. 20 분 피라 냐는 물고 기지 너한테 솔루션 (황산의 혼합 3시 1분 30 % 과산화수소로)와 금 표면을 청소하고 사용하기 전에 24.5 ° C에서 풍부한 디 물로 표면을 씻어. 에탄올의 5mM PEG 솔루션 잉크 PDMS 스탬프를. 20 분 동안 공중에 우표를 건조시킵니다. 부드럽게 40 초에 대한 황금의 표면에 도장을 넣고 금 표면과 스탬프 사이 좋은 연락 방법이 있는지 확인하십시오. 초과 압력이 필요하지 않습니다. 에탄올로 표면을 씻어 N 2의 흐름에 따라 그것을 건조. </li><li> 24.5에서 3 시간 동안 재관류 챔버 (전자 현미경 과학)를 사용 ° C 패턴 P - selectin과 함께 남아있는 지역. P - selectin 솔루션 (15 μg / DPBS에 ML) 내에 기판을 품어 풍부한 DPBS로 표면을 씻어. </li><li> Backfill 1 H를위한 BSA (DPBS 1 MG / ML)로 표면이 아닌 특정 상호 작용을 차단합니다. 풍부한 DPBS로 표면을 씻어. </li></ol> 1.2. 세포는 흐름 회의소에서 실험 롤링. <ol><li> 직사각형 흐름 챔버의 패턴 표면을 통해 HL60 세포 (~ 10 5 셀 / ML (); 폭 W = 1.0 cm, 길이 = 6cm, Glycotech, Inc의 높이 H = 0.0127 cm)의 정지를 흐름 24.5에서 ° C. 0.5 dyn / cm 2 (~ 0.05 PA) 주변에 대응하는 전단 응력과 75 μL / 분 유량을 생성하기 위해 주사기 펌프 (세계 정밀 계측기, SP230IW)를 사용합니다. τ 비행기 Poiseuille 흐름 방정식 판매량 유량입니다 Q μ는 동점도 (0.001002 아빠들)입니다 τ는 = 6μQ/wh 2를 사용하여 전단 응력을 계산, W는 흐름 챔버의 넓이이며, H는의 높이입니다 흐름 챔버. </li><li> 300 기간이 일반적으로 초당 1 프레임의 속도로, 4를 사용하여 접착제 P - selectin 기판과 상호 작용을 압연 HL60 세포를 기록하기 위해 장착된 카메라 (Andor iXon 885) × 목적으로 거꾸로 현미경 (니콘 TE2000 - U)를 사용하여 S. 각 전단 응력의 크기와 패턴 경사 각도 세 독립적인 실험을 수행합니다. 각 실험에서 얻은 평균 값을 의미 및 표준 편차로 제시 데​​이터입니다. </li><li> 데이터 분석. 패턴 라인 가장자리를 따라 트랙을 생성하는 프리웨어 8 추적 입자를 이용한 사용자 정의 Matlab (Mathworks, 주식 회사) 프로그램으로 이미지 시퀀스를 분석합니다. P - selectin 밴드의 끝부분까지 연장 트랙이 선택 두 개의 직선 세그먼트 장착되어 있습니다 - 흐름에 부합 하나, 패턴 가장자리에 부합 다른. 이 두 세그먼트는 다음 가장자리에 속도를 압연하고, 일반 지역에 속도를 압연, 가장자리 추적 길이를 계산하는 데 사용됩니다. </li></ol> 2. 대표 결과 : <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2640/2640fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 그림 (A)는 4 × 목표를 사용하여 접착제 P - selectin 기판과 HL60 압연 상호 작용의 동영상 변환 현미경 이미지 중 하나를 보여줍니다. 밝고 어두운 지역은 각각, P - selectin 수용체와 PEG 지역과 일치합니다. 그림 (B)는 맞춤형 Matlab 프로그램을 사용하여 얻은 트랙을 보여줍니다. 가장자리 경사 각도는 10 °와 전단 응력은 0.5 dyn / cm 2이었다. 에지 추적 길이, L E, 변위, D, 그리고 모서리에 각각 밴드, V E와 V P, 내부 압연 판매율이 (C - 1) 그림에 설명되어 있습니다. 그림은 (C - 2) 보여줍니다 에지 추적 길이 분포 (기록된 세포의 수를.) Insets은 L E의 평균 가치와 가장자리에 압연 속도 (V E)를 표시하고 경사 각도에서 밴드 (V P) 내부 α = 10 ° 및 0.5 dyn / cm 2 주위의 유체 전단 응력의 ​​크기. 오차 막대는 하나의 표준 편차, N = 각 조건 3 복제 실험 (3 복제 표면). 나타냅니다

<ol>
	<li>Karnik, R., Hong, S., Zhang, H., Mei, Y., Anderson, D. G., Karp, J. M., Langer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanomechanical+control+of+cell+rolling+in+two+dimensions+through+surface+Patterning+of+receptors.">Nanomechanical control of cell rolling in two dimensions through surface Patterning of receptors.</a> Nano Lett. 8 (4), 1153-1158 (2008).</li><li>Lee, C. H., Bose, S., Van Vliet, K. J., Karp, J. M., Karnik, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Examining+Lateral+Displacement+of+HL60+Cells+Rolling+on+Asymmetric+P-selectin+Patterns.">Examining Lateral Displacement of HL60 Cells Rolling on Asymmetric P-selectin Patterns.</a> Langmuir. 27 (1), 240-249 (2011).</li><li>Norman, K. E., Moore, K. L., McEver, R. P., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukocyte+rolling+in-vivo+is+mediated+by+p-selectin+glycoprotein+ligand-1.">Leukocyte rolling in-vivo is mediated by p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.</a> Blood. 86 (12), 4417-4421 (1995).</li><li>Bernard, A., Delamarche, E., Schmid, H., Michel, B., Bosshard, H. R., Biebuyck, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Printing+patterns+of+proteins.">Printing patterns of proteins.</a> Langmuir. 14 (9), 2225-2229 (1998).</li><li>James, C. D., Davis, R. C., Kam, L., Craighead, H. G., Isaacson, M., Turner, J. N., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterned+protein+layers+on+solid+substrates+by+thin+stamp+microcontact+printing.">Patterned protein layers on solid substrates by thin stamp microcontact printing.</a> Langmuir. 14 (4), 741-744 (1998).</li><li>Mrksich, M., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+self-assembled+monolayers+to+understand+the+interactions+of+man-made+surfaces+with+proteins+and+cells.">Using self-assembled monolayers to understand the interactions of man-made surfaces with proteins and cells.</a> Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure. 25, 55-78 (1996).</li><li>Tan, J. L., Tien, J., Chen, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microcontact+printing+of+proteins+on+mixed+self-assembled+monolayers.">Microcontact printing of proteins on mixed self-assembled monolayers.</a> Langmuir. 18 (2), 519-523 (2002).</li><li>Lee, D., King, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microcontact+Printing+of+P-Selectin+Increases+the+Rate+of+Neutrophil+Recruitment+Under+Shear+Flow.">Microcontact Printing of P-Selectin Increases the Rate of Neutrophil Recruitment Under Shear Flow.</a> Biotechnology Progress. 24 (5), 1052-1059 .</li><li>Greenberg, A. W., Hammer, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+separation+mediated+by+differential+rolling+adhesion.">Cell separation mediated by differential rolling adhesion.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 73 (2), 111-124 (2001).</li><li>Higuchi, A., Tsukamoto, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+separation+of+hepatocytes+and+fibroblasts+through+surface-modified+polyurethane+membranes.">Cell separation of hepatocytes and fibroblasts through surface-modified polyurethane membranes.</a> J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A. 71A (3), 470-479 (2004).</li><li>Alexeev, A., Verberg, R., Balazs, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterned+surfaces+segregate+compliant+microcapsules.">Patterned surfaces segregate compliant microcapsules.</a> Langmuir. 23 (3), 983-987 (2007).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

우리는 microcontact 인쇄 2를 사용 가공 비대칭 수용체 - 패턴 표면에 세포 회전 궤도를 조사하기 위해 프로토콜을 설명합니다. PEG와 P - selectin 영역 사이의 명확한 대비를 보여주는 패턴 표면의 광학 현미경 이미지는 스탬핑이 성공적인지 여부를 확인하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 샤프, 직선 가장자리는 스탬핑이 잘 수행하면 볼 수 있습니다. 하드 스탬프 누르면 패턴의 정밀도를 제한 스탬?...

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Human promyelocytic leukemia cells</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ATCC</td>
<td>CCL-240</td>
<td>HL60 cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gold-coated glass slides</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>EMF</td>
<td>TA134</td>
<td>Gold slides</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>(1-Mercaptoundec-11-yl)tetra(ethylene glycol)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>674508</td>
<td>PEG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Recombinant human P-selectin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>R&amp;D Systems Inc.</td>
<td>ADP3-050</td>
<td>P-selectin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Rockland Immunochemicals, Inc.</td>
<td>BSA-50</td>
<td>BSA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mediatech Inc.</td>
<td>21-030</td>
<td>DPBS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sulfuric acid </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>339741</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>316989</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

studying cell rolling trajectories on asymmetric receptor patterns

비대칭 수용체 패턴에 압연에 의해 흐름에 직교 세포의 측면 변위는 세포 1 라벨이없는 분리 및 분석을위한 새로운 장치의 개발을위한 기회를 제공합니다. 이러한 장치는 지속적인 흐름 분리, 또는 다른 셀 또는 phenotypes 수용체 표현의 수준을 구별하기 접착력을 조절 수용체 패턴 측면 변위를 사용할 수 있습니다. 수용체 - 패턴 기판의 셀 압연 궤도의 본질을 이해하는 것은 기판과 같은 장치의 설계 기술이 필요합니다. 여기, 우리는 세포 압연 접착력 2를 지원 비대칭 수용체 패턴에 셀 압연의 탄도를 연구를위한 프로토콜을 보여줍니다. P - selectin 수용체의 잘 정의된, μm의 규모 패턴이 흐름 챔버에 통합되었습니다 골드 코팅 슬라이드에 microcontact 인쇄를 사용하여 가공되었습니다. PSGL - 1 리간드 3 표현 HL60 세포 무늬 라인의 들판을 가로질러 거듭하고 거꾸로 명시야 현미경에 시각되었습니다. 세포는 측면 편향 1 결과 패턴의 경사 가장자리를 따라 굴러 및 추적. 각 세포는 일반적으로 패턴 가장자리를 따라 일정한 거리 (모서리 추적 길이로 정의)를 압연 가장자리에서 분리하고, 다운 스트림 패턴 reattached. 이 분리가 어려운 흐름 챔버의 출구 입구에서 세포의 전체 궤적을 추적할 수 있습니다 있지만, 입자 추적 소프트웨어는 그들이 하나의 수용체에 이동하는 때 시간 동안 세포의 압연의 탄도를 분석하고 항복하는 데 사용된 - 패턴 라인. 궤도는 다음 셀 롤링 판매율과 다른 패턴으로 각 셀의 가장자리 추적 길이의 배포판을 얻기 위해 조사되었다. 이 프로토콜은 수용체 패턴에 세포 회전 궤도를 quantifying과 패턴 각도 및 전단 응력 등이 엔지니어링 매개 변수를 관련된 유용합니다. 이러한 데이터는 레이블이없는 세포 분리 및 분석을위한 microfluidic 장치의 설계에 유용합니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Cell Rolling Trajectories on Asymmetric Receptor Patterns at JoVE.com

Studying Cell Rolling Trajectories on Asymmetric Receptor Patterns

우리는 비대칭 수용체 - 패턴 기판에서 셀을 회전 궤도를 관찰하고 분석하기 위해 프로토콜을 설명합니다. 결과 데이터는 레이블이없는 세포 분리 및 분석을위한 수용체 - 패턴 기판의 엔지니어링하는 데 유용합니다.

비대칭 수용체 패턴에 셀 롤링의 탄도를 공부

Lateral displacement of cells orthogonal to a flow stream by rolling on asymmetric receptor patterns presents an opportunity for development of new ...

studying-cell-rolling-trajectories-on-asymmetric-receptor-patterns

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Bioengineering

9.5K 조회수.  MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 우리는 비대칭 수용체 - 패턴 기판에서 셀을 회전 궤도를 관찰하고 분석하기 위해 프로토콜을 설명합니다. 결과 데이터는 레이블이없는 세포 분리 및 분석을위한 수용체 - 패턴 기판의 엔지니어링하는 데 유용합니다.

비디오: Studying Cell Rolling Trajectories on Asymmetric Receptor Patterns

Microfabrication of Nanoporous Gold Patterns for Cell-material Interaction Studies

Nanostructured materials with feature sizes in tens of nanometers have enhanced the performance of several technologies, including fuel cells, biosensors, biomedical device coatings, and drug delivery tools. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by a nano-scale self-assembly process, is a relatively new material that exhibits large effective surface area, high electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. These properties have made np-Au an attractive material to scientific community. Most studies on np-Au employ macro-scale specimens and focus on fundamental science of the material and its catalytic and sensor applications. The macro-scale specimens limit np-Au's potential in miniaturized systems, including biomedical devices. In order to address these issues, we initially describe two different methods to micropattern np-Au thin films on rigid substrates. The first method employs manually-produced stencil masks for creating millimeter-scale np-Au patterns, while the second method uses lift-off photolithography to pattern sub-millimeter-scale patterns. As the np-Au thin films are obtained by sputter-deposition process, they are compatible with conventional microfabrication techniques, thereby amenable to facile integration into microsystems. These systems include electrically-addressable biosensor platforms that benefit from high effective surface area, electrical conductivity, and gold-thiol-based surface bioconjugation. We describe cell culture, immunostaining, and image processing techniques to quantify np-Au's interaction with mammalian cells, which is an important performance parameter for some biosensors. We expect that the techniques illustrated here will assist the integration of np-Au in platforms at various length-scales and in numerous applications, including biosensors, energy storage systems, and catalysts.

We report on techniques to micropattern nanoporous gold thin films via stencil printing and photolithography, as well as methods to culture cells on the microfabricated patterns. In addition, we describe image analysis methods to characterize morphology of the material and the cultured cells using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy techniques.

세포 물질의 상호 작용 연구를위한 나노 기공 골드 패턴의 미세

Nanostructured materials with feature sizes in tens of nanometers have enhanced the performance of several technologies, including fuel cells, biosensors, ...

연구

생체공학

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of interest following intravenous or intraarterial infusion. Consequently, increasing cell homing is currently studied as a strategy to improve cell therapy. Cell rolling on the vascular endothelium is an important step in the process of cell homing and can be probed in-vitro using a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC). However, this is an extremely tedious, low throughput assay, with poorly controlled flow conditions. Instead, we used a multi-well plate microfluidic system that enables study of cellular rolling properties in a higher throughput under precisely controlled, physiologically relevant shear flow1,2. In this paper, we show how the rolling properties of HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells on P- and E-selectin-coated surfaces as well as on cell monolayer-coated surfaces can be readily examined. To better simulate inflammatory conditions, the microfluidic channel surface was coated with endothelial cells (ECs), which were then activated with tumor necrosis factor-&#945; (TNF-&#945;), significantly increasing interactions with HL-60 cells under dynamic conditions. The enhanced throughput and integrated multi-parameter software analysis platform, that permits rapid analysis of parameters such as rolling velocities and rolling path, are important advantages for assessing cell rolling properties in-vitro. Allowing rapid and accurate analysis of engineering approaches designed to impact cell rolling and homing, this platform may help advance exogenous cell-based therapy.

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

This study used a multi-well plate microfluidic system, significantly increasing throughput of cell rolling studies under physiologically relevant shear flow. Given the importance of cell rolling in the multi-step cell homing cascade and the importance of cell homing following systemic delivery of exogenous populations of cells in patients, this system offers potential as a screening platform to improve cell-based therapy.

의 체계적인 분석<em&gt; 체외</em멀티 웰 플레이트 미세 유체 시스템을 사용하여&gt; 셀 롤링

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of ...

Electronic Tongue Generating Continuous Recognition Patterns for Protein Analysis

In current protocol, a combinatorial approach has been developed to simplify the design and production of sensing materials for the construction of electronic tongues (eT) for protein analysis. By mixing a small number of simple and easily accessible molecules with different physicochemical properties, used as building blocks (BBs), in varying and controlled proportions and allowing the mixtures to self-assemble on the gold surface of a prism, an array of combinatorial surfaces featuring appropriate properties for protein sensing was created. In this way, a great number of cross-reactive receptors can be rapidly and efficiently obtained. By combining such an array of combinatorial cross-reactive receptors (CoCRRs) with an optical detection system such as surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), the obtained eT can monitor the binding events in real-time and generate continuous recognition patterns including 2D continuous evolution profile (CEP) and 3D continuous evolution landscape (CEL) for samples in liquid. Such an eT system is efficient for discrimination of common purified proteins.

A novel approach is described for construction of electronic tongue (eT), which greatly simplifies the design and production of sensing materials, and allows the eT to generate continuous evolution profiles and landscapes for samples in liquid. The obtained eT is efficient for common protein analysis such as discrimination.

단백질 분석을위한 지속적인 인식 패턴을 생성하는 전자 혀

In current protocol, a combinatorial approach has been developed to simplify the design and production of sensing materials for the construction of ...

Fluorescence Biomembrane Force Probe: Concurrent Quantitation of Receptor-ligand Kinetics and Binding-induced Intracellular Signaling on a Single Cell

Membrane receptor-ligand interactions mediate many cellular functions. Binding kinetics and downstream signaling triggered by these molecular interactions are likely affected by the mechanical environment in which binding and signaling take place. A recent study demonstrated that mechanical force can regulate antigen recognition by and triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR). This was made possible by a new technology we developed and termed fluorescence biomembrane force probe (fBFP), which combines single-molecule force spectroscopy with fluorescence microscopy. Using an ultra-soft human red blood cell as the sensitive force sensor, a high-speed camera and real-time imaging tracking techniques, the fBFP is of ~1 pN (10-12 N), ~3 nm and ~0.5 msec in force, spatial and temporal resolution. With the fBFP, one can precisely measure single receptor-ligand binding kinetics under force regulation and simultaneously image binding-triggered intracellular calcium signaling on a single live cell. This new technology can be used to study other membrane receptor-ligand interaction and signaling in other cells under mechanical regulation.

We describe a technique for concurrently measuring force-regulated single receptor-ligand binding kinetics and real-time imaging of calcium signaling in a single T lymphocyte.

형광 생체막 포스 프로브 : 하나의 세포에서 수용체 - 리간드 속도론의 동시 정량 및 바인딩에 의한 세포 내 신호

Membrane receptor-ligand interactions mediate many cellular functions. Binding kinetics and downstream signaling triggered by these molecular interactions ...

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for Intracellular Targeting Applications

Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter cellular signaling and gene expression. In a previous investigation, the synthesis of ultra-small solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical drug delivery and biomarker detection applications was demonstrated. SLNs are a well-studied example of a nanoparticle delivery system that has emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle. In this study, SLNs were loaded with a fluorescent dye and used as a model to investigate particle-cell interactions. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method was used for the synthesis of ultra-small populations of biocompatible nanoparticles. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was utilized in order to establish appropriate dosing levels prior to the nanoparticle-cell interaction studies. Furthermore, primary human dermal fibroblasts and mouse dendritic cells were exposed to dye-loaded SLN over time and the interactions with respect to toxicity and particle uptake were characterized using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. This study demonstrated that ultra-small SLNs, as a nanoparticle delivery system, are suitable for intracellular targeting of different cell types.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles SLNs for Intracellular Targeting Applications

In this study, a method for synthesizing ultra-small populations of biocompatible nanoparticles was described, as well as several in vitro methods by which to assess their cellular interactions.

고체 지질 나노 입자 (SLNs) 세포 내 타겟팅을위한 응용 프로그램

Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter ...

Studying the Stoichiometry of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Intact Cells using Correlative Microscopy

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of whole cells in hydrated state. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) were coupled to EGFR via a two-step labeling protocol, providing an efficient and specific protein labeling, while avoiding label-induced clustering of the receptor. Fluorescence microscopy provided overview images of the cellular locations of the EGFR. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) detector was used to detect the QD labels with nanoscale resolution. The resulting correlative images provide data of the cellular EGFR distribution, and the stoichiometry at the single molecular level in the natural context of the hydrated intact cell. ESEM-STEM images revealed the receptor to be present as monomer, as homodimer, and in small clusters. Labeling with two different QDs, i.e.,&#160;one emitting at 655 nm and at 800 revealed similar characteristic results.

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative light- and electron microscopy of whole cells in hydrated state. The label contained fluorescent quantum dots. The protocol can be used to study the stoichiometry of EGFR at the single molecule level.

상호 현미경을 사용하여 본래 세포의 표피 성장 인자 수용체의 화학 양론을 공부

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative fluorescence ...

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The lack of relevant in vitro neural models is an important obstacle on medical progress for neuropathologies. Establishment of relevant cellular models is crucial both to better understand the pathological mechanisms of these diseases and identify new therapeutic targets and strategies. To be pertinent, an in vitro model must reproduce the pathological features of a human disease. However, in the context of neurodegenerative disease, a relevant in vitro model should provide neural cell replacement as a valuable therapeutic opportunity. 
Such a model would not only allow screening of therapeutic molecules but also can be used to optimize neural protocol differentiation [for example, in the context of transplantation in Parkinson's disease (PD)]. This study describes two in vitro protocols of 1) human glioblastoma development within a human neural organoids (NO) and 2) neuron dopaminergic (DA) differentiation generating a three-dimensional (3D) organoid. For this purpose, a well-standardized protocol was established that allows the production of size-calibrated neurospheres derived from human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation. The first model can be used to reveal molecular and cellular events occurring during in glioblastoma development within the neural organoid, while the DA organoid not only represents a suitable source of DA neurons for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease but also can be used for drug testing.

This study introduces and describes protocols to derive two specific human neural organoids&#160;as a relevant and accurate model for studying 1) human glioblastoma development within human neural organoids exclusively in humans and 2) neuron dopaminergic differentiation generating a three-dimensional organoid.

뇌암과 신경 퇴행성 질환을 연구하기위한 인간의 신경 오르가노이드

The lack of relevant in vitro neural models is an important obstacle on medical progress for neuropathologies. Establishment of relevant cellular models ...

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

The persistent inflammatory host response to an implanted biomaterial, known as the foreign body reaction, is a significant challenge in the development and implementation of biomedical devices and tissue engineering constructs. Macrophages, an innate immune cell, are key players in the foreign body reaction because they remain at the implant site for the lifetime of the device, and are commonly studied to gain an understanding of this detrimental host response. Many biomaterials researchers have shown that adsorbed protein layers on implanted materials influence macrophage behavior, and subsequently impact the host response. The methods in this paper describe an in vitro model using adsorbed protein layers containing cellular damage molecules on polymer biomaterial surfaces to assess macrophage responses. An NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 reporter macrophage cell line and the associated colorimetric alkaline phosphatase assay were used as a rapid method to indirectly examine NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 transcription factor activity in response to complex adsorbed protein layers containing blood proteins and damage-associated molecular patterns, as a model of the complex adsorbed protein layers formed on biomaterial surfaces in vivo.

This protocol provides researchers with a rapid, indirect method of measuring TLR-dependent NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 transcription factor activity in a murine macrophage cell line in response to a variety of polymeric surfaces and adsorbed protein layers that model the biomaterial implant microenvironment.

고분자 표면에 흡착 된 단백질 층에 유료 수용체 매개 NF-kB / AP-1 신호를 검사하는 대식 세포 분석

The persistent inflammatory host response to an implanted biomaterial, known as the foreign body reaction, is a significant challenge in the development ...

A Human 3D Extracellular Matrix-Adipocyte Culture Model for Studying Matrix-Cell Metabolic Crosstalk

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of cellular function. The ECM plays a particularly important role in adipose tissue function in obesity, and alterations in adipose tissue ECM deposition and composition are associated with metabolic disease in mice and humans. Tractable in vitro models that permit dissection of the roles of the ECM and cells in contributing to global tissue phenotype are sparse. We describe a novel 3D in vitro model of human ECM-adipocyte culture that permits study of the specific roles of the ECM and adipocytes in regulating adipose tissue metabolic phenotype. Human adipose tissue is decellularized to isolate ECM, which is subsequently repopulated with preadipocytes that are then differentiated within the ECM into mature adipocytes. This method creates ECM-adipocyte constructs that are metabolically active and retain characteristics of the tissues and patients from which they are derived. We have used this system to demonstrate disease-specific ECM-adipocyte crosstalk in human adipose tissue. This culture model provides a tool for dissecting the roles of the ECM and adipocytes in contributing to global adipose tissue metabolic phenotype and permits study of the role of the ECM in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis.

We describe a 3D human extracellular matrix-adipocyte in vitro culture system that permits dissection of the roles of the matrix and adipocytes in contributing to adipose tissue metabolic phenotype.

매트릭스 세포 대사 크로스토크 연구를 위한 인간 3D 세포외 세포외 매트릭스-세포세포 배양 모델

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of ...

In Vitro 3D Cell-Cultured Arterial Models for Studying Vascular Drug Targeting Under Flow

The use of three-dimensional (3D) models of human arteries, which are designed with the correct dimensions and anatomy, enables the proper modeling of various important processes in the cardiovascular system. Recently, although several biological studies have been performed using such 3D models of human arteries, they have not been applied to study vascular targeting. This paper presents a new method to fabricate real-sized, reconstructed human arterial models using a 3D printing technique, line them with human endothelial cells (ECs), and study particle targeting under physiological flow. These models have the advantage of replicating the physiological size and conditions of blood vessels in the human body using low-cost components. This technique may serve as a new platform for studying and understanding drug targeting in the cardiovascular system and may improve the design of new injectable nanomedicines. Moreover, the presented approach may provide significant tools for the study of targeted delivery of different agents for cardiovascular diseases under patient-specific flow and physiological conditions.

In Vitro 3D Cell-Cultured Arterial Models for Studying Vascular Drug Targeting Under Flow

Here, we present a new protocol to study and map the targeted deposition of drug carriers to endothelial cells in fabricated, real-sized, three-dimensional human artery models under physiological flow. The presented method may serve as a new platform for targeting drug carriers within the vascular system.

유동 하에서 혈관 약물 표적화 연구를 위한 체외 3D 세포 배양 동맥 모델

The use of three-dimensional (3D) models of human arteries, which are designed with the correct dimensions and anatomy, enables the proper modeling of ...