저자는 우리 실험실에이 기술을 소개하는 Vasia Vagin 감사합니다.

<ol><li> 검은 배경과 유리 현미경 슬라이드 만들기 : 현미경 슬라이드와 같은 크기 20 # 백서 컷. 슬라이드 크기 용지 검은 색상의 한쪽 (예, 샤피) 영구 마커를 사용합니다. 검은 측면에 흰색 접착제 (엘머의)를 적용하고 슬라이드에 종이를 준수합니다. 슬라이드 활용할 수 있습니다. 사용 어 &quot;라벨 테이프 (Fisherbrand)가, 장소에서 문제를 해결하기 위해 CO 2 비행 패드로, 최대 현미경 슬라이드, 유리 쪽을 확보. </li><li> 0~3일 오래된 남성의 파리를 수집합니다. </li><li> 얼음 통을 준비, 호수 (PBS), 해부 바늘을 인산 버퍼. </li><li> CO 2의 스트림을 사용하여 50-100 파리 마취시키다과 현미경 슬라이드 근처에 날아 패드로 병이나 유리병에서 그들을 전송. </li><li> 피펫 ~ 현미경 슬라이드 중간에 드롭 50 μl 얼음처럼 차가운 PBS. </li><li> 부드럽게과 남성 파리를 데리러 해부 바늘 수영 PBS의 드롭에 바늘 장소 그걸로 비행의 PBS, 부드러운 터치 복부 측면 (날개 근처 즉,)로 해부 바늘. </li><li> 확고하게 아래로 밀어, 흉부와 복부 사이의 비행 가운데 하나 주사를 놓으십시오. 여섯 번째 (A6) 그리고 일곱 번째 (A7) 복부 세그먼트 (바닥에서 두 번째와 세 번째 줄무늬) 사이의 다른 바늘을 플레이스, 멀리 흉부에서 복부를 가져옵니다. </li><li> 떨어져 특히 다른 기관, 창자에서 testes을 괴롭혀. 특히 흰색 돌연변이에 testes과 용기 비슷. 주요 차이점은 항상 쌍으로 와서 testes 해당되며 각 testis는 나선형 패턴을 보유하고 용기를보다 색상이 더 흰색이다. </li><li> 폴리 프로필렌의 microcentrifuge 관에서 얼음처럼 차가운 PBS에 testes를 저장합니다. </li></ol> 대표 결과 : <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2641/2641fig1.jpg" alt="그림 1" /> 그림 1. flybase.org/reports/FBim0000074.html에서 남성의 생식 시스템의 도설보기. Flybase 저작자 :... &quot;밀러 (1950) 페이지에서 508의 그림 38 후 A. 밀러 Drosophila melanogaster의 성충의 내부 해부학과 조직학 M. Demerec, 편집기, Drosophila, 6 장, 페이지 420의 생물학 - 534. 콜드 스프링 하버 연구소 보도 자료, 팩시밀리 판, 1994. 콜드 스프링 하버 연구소 보도 자료에 의해 ​​저작권 1994. 콜드 스프링 하버 연구소 (CSHL)에서 친절한 허가 보도와 함께 사용 참조. <a href="http://www.cshlpress.com">http://www.cshlpress.com을</a> . &quot;

<ol>
	<li>Singh, S. R., Hou, S. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunohistological+Techniques+for+Studying+the+Drosophila+Male+Germline+Stem+Cell.">Immunohistological Techniques for Studying the Drosophila Male Germline Stem Cell.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 450, 45-59 (2008).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

우리는 성인 남자 Drosophila melanogaster에서 testes을 분리하는 프로토콜을 제공합니다. 기술은 하나 두 손으로 조정이 필요하기 때문에, 기술은 연습이 포함되어 있습니다.

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Dissecting needle</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>S17346</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Micro Slides, Plain </td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>12-553</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Microscope Light</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Schott-Fostec</td>
<td>KO-1500</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>CO2 pad</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
<td>59-172</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Benchtop Flowbuddy Complete System</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
<td>59-122WCU</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Bubble Humidifier</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Salter Labs</td>
<td>7100</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ball filler needle</td>
<td>Tool</td>
<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
<td>54-119</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>&frac34;&#x201D; Label Tape</td>
<td>Supply</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>15-901-5B</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
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isolation of drosophila melanogaster testes

Drosophila melanogaster의 testes은 줄기 세포 유지 보수 및 차별화, 감수 분열, 그리고 소마 germline 상호 작용 연구를위한 중요한 모델을 제공합니다. Testes는 일반적으로 0-3일 pupal 사건에서 eclosion 후 성인 남성으로부터 격리됩니다. 야생 형 파리의 testes 쉽게 그들이 노란색이기 때문에 다른 조직의 구별하지만 흰색 돌연변이 파리의 testes은 실험실 실험에 대한 일반적인 유전적 배경은 파리 창자로 모양과 색상이 모두 비슷합니다. 검은 배경과 유리 현미경 슬라이드에 절개를 수행하면 상당히 쉽게 testes을 식별합니다. Testes는 해부 바늘을 사용하여 파리에서 제거됩니다. testes의 해부에 대한 집게를 사용하는 프로토콜에 비해, 우리의 방법은 잘 연습 개인 400-600 testes을 항복, 시간 당 200-300 야생 형 파리에서 testes을 해부하다 수 있도록, 훨씬 빠른 것입니다. 흰색 벌레 또는 testes 크기를 줄일 돌연변이에서 Testes는 해부하다 일반적으로 시간당 200-400 testes를 얻을 수 어렵습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes at JoVE.com

Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

Drosophila melanogaster의 testes 신속하게하고 효율적으로 해부 바늘을 사용하여 성인 남성에서 격리 수 있습니다. 연습, 하나는 쉽게 하나 또는 두 일 이내에 항체 또는 효소 기반 assays 높은 처리량 시퀀싱 이상의 전통적인 분자 생물학의 방법으로 DNA 또는 RNA의 분석 또는 단백질의 충분한 testes의 양을 분리 수 있습니다.

의 분리 Drosophila melanogaster Testes

The testes of Drosophila melanogaster provide an important model for the study of stem cell maintenance and differentiation, meiosis, and soma-germline ...

isolation-of-drosophila-melanogaster-testes

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

32.3K 조회수.  University of Massachusetts Medical School. Drosophila melanogaster의 testes 신속하게하고 효율적으로 해부 바늘을 사용하여 성인 남성에서 격리 수 있습니다. 연습, 하나는 쉽게 하나 또는 두 일 이내에 항체 또는 효소 기반 assays 높은 처리량 시퀀싱 이상의 전통적인 분자 생물학의 방법으로 DNA 또는 RNA의 분석 또는 단백질의 충분한 testes의 양을 분리 수 있습니다.

비디오: Isolation of Drosophila melanogaster Testes

Dissection of Larval CNS in Drosophila Melanogaster

The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood.  One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of various novel and marker proteins.  Staining of whole larvae is impractical because the tough cuticle prevents antibodies from penetrating inside the body cavity.  In order to stain these tissues it is necessary to dissect the animal prior to fixing and staining.  In this article we demonstrate how to dissect Drosophila larvae without damaging the CNS.  Begin by tearing the larva in half with a pair of fine forceps, and then turn the cuticle "inside-out" to expose the CNS.  If the dissection is performed carefully the CNS will remain attached to the cuticle.  We usually keep the CNS attached to the cuticle throughout the fixation and staining steps, and only completely remove the CNS from the cuticle just prior to mounting the samples on glass slides.  We also show some representative images of a larval CNS stained with Eve, a transcription factor expressed in a subset of neurons in the CNS.  The article concludes with a discussion of some of the practical uses of this technique and the potential difficulties that may arise.

In this article we demonstrate how to dissect the central nervous system from third instar Drosophila larvae.

Drosophila Melanogaster에서 애벌레 CNS의 해부

The central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila larvae is complex and poorly understood.  One way to investigate the CNS is to use immunohistochemistry to ...

연구

생물학

High-Resolution Video Tracking of Locomotion in Adult Drosophila Melanogaster

Flies provide an important model for studying complex behavior due to the plethora of genetic tools available to researchers in this field. Studying locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster relies on the ability to be able to quantify changes in motion during or in response to a given task. For this reason, a high-resolution video tracking system, such as the one we describe in this paper, is a valuable tool for measuring locomotion in real-time. Our protocol involves the use of an initial air pulse to break the flies momentum, followed by a thirty second filming period in a square chamber. A tracking program is then used to calculate the instantaneous speed of each fly within the chamber in 10 msec increments. Analysis software then compiles this data, and outputs a variety of parameters such as average speed, max speed, time spent in motion, acceleration, etc. This protocol will discuss proper feeding and management of flies for behavioral tasks, handling flies without anesthetization or immobilization, setting up a controlled environment, and running the assay from start to finish.

The study of complex locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster is dependent upon the ability to quantify changes in a given fly's movement. This article demonstrates how to do this using a high-resolution tracking system.

성인 Drosophila Melanogaster의 로코의 고해상도 비디오 추적

Flies provide an important model for studying complex behavior due to the plethora of genetic tools available to researchers in this field.  Studying ...

Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies

We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained and restrained whole larvae. For direct control of the environment around the heart another approach utilizes the dissected larvae and removal of the internal organs in order to bathe the heart in desired compounds. The exposed heart also allows membrane potentials to be monitored which can give insight of the ionic currents generated by the myocytes and for electrical conduction along the heart tube. These approaches have various advantages and disadvantages for future experiments that are discussed. The larval heart preparation provides an additional model besides the Drosophila skeletal NMJ to investigate the role of intracellular calcium regulation on cellular function. Learning more about the underlying ionic currents that shape the action potentials in myocytes in various species, one can hope to get a handle on the known ionic dysfunctions associated to specific genes responsible for various diseases in mammals.

Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies

We present various ways to monitor heart function in the larva of Drosophila for assessing questions dealing with the function of gap junctions, ion channel mutations, modulation of pacemaker activity and pharmacological studies.

애벌레의 모니터링 심장​​ 기능 Drosophila melanogaster 생리 연구

We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained  and  ...

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we present a protocol for the mounting of Drosophila melanogaster embryos and subsequent live imaging of fluorescently labeled hemocytes, the embryonic macrophages of this organism. Using the Gal4-uas system1 we drive the expression of a variety of genetically encoded, fluorescently tagged markers in hemocytes to follow their developmental dispersal throughout the embryo. Following collection of embryos at the desired stage of development, the outer chorion is removed and the embryos are then mounted in halocarbon oil between a hydrophobic, gas-permeable membrane and a glass coverslip for live imaging. In addition to gross migratory parameters such as speed and directionality, higher resolution imaging coupled with the use of fluorescent reporters of F-actin and microtubules can provide more detailed information concerning the dynamics of these cytoskeletal components.

Live Imaging Of Drosophila melanogaster Embryonic Hemocyte Migrations

Drosophila hemocytes disperse over the entirety of the developing embryo. This protocol demonstrates how to mount and image these migrations using embryos with fluorescently labelled hemocytes.

라이브 영상 Drosophila melanogaster 배아 Hemocyte 마이 그 레이션

Many studies address cell migration using in vitro methods, whereas the physiologically relevant environment is that of the organism itself. Here we ...

Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster

In Drosophila melanogaster, as in other insects, a waxy layer on the outer surface of the cuticle, composed primarily of hydrocarbon compounds, provides protection against desiccation and other environmental challenges. Several of these cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) compounds also function as semiochemical signals, and as such mediate pheromonal communications between members of the same species, or in some instances between different species, and influence behavior. Specialized cells referred to as oenocytes are regarded as the primary site for CHC synthesis. However, relatively little is known regarding the involvement of the oenocytes in the regulation of the biosynthetic, transport, and deposition pathways contributing to CHC output. Given the significant role that CHCs play in several aspects of insect biology, including chemical communication, desiccation resistance, and immunity, it is important to gain a greater understanding of the molecular and genetic regulation of CHC production within these specialized cells. The adult oenocytes of D. melanogaster are located within the abdominal integument, and are metamerically arrayed in ribbon-like clusters radiating along the inner cuticular surface of each abdominal segment. In this video article we demonstrate a dissection technique used for the preparation of oenocytes from adult D. melanogaster. Specifically, we provide a detailed step-by-step demonstration of (1) how to fillet prepare an adult Drosophila abdomen, (2) how to identify the oenocytes and discern them from other tissues, and (3) how to remove intact oenocyte clusters from the abdominal integument. A brief experimental illustration of how this preparation can be used to examine the expression of genes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis is included. The dissected preparation demonstrated herein will allow for the detailed molecular and genetic analysis of oenocyte function in the adult fruit fly.

Dissection of Oenocytes from Adult Drosophila melanogaster

In insects, the oenocytes produce cuticular hydrocarbon compounds. These compounds protect against desiccation and facilitate chemical communication. Here we demonstrate a dissection technique used to isolate the oenocytes from adult Drosophila melanogaster, and illustrate how this preparation can be utilized to study genes involved in hydrocarbon synthesis.

성인에서 Oenocytes의 해부 Drosophila melanogaster</em

In Drosophila melanogaster, as in other insects, a waxy layer on the outer surface of the cuticle, composed primarily of hydrocarbon compounds, provides ...

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Aging is a phenomenon that results in steady physiological deterioration in nearly all organisms in which it has been examined, leading to reduced physical performance and increased risk of disease. Individual aging is manifest at the population level as an increase in age-dependent mortality, which is often measured in the laboratory by observing lifespan in large cohorts of age-matched individuals. Experiments that seek to quantify the extent to which genetic or environmental manipulations impact lifespan in simple model organisms have been remarkably successful for understanding the aspects of aging that are conserved across taxa and for inspiring new strategies for extending lifespan and preventing age-associated disease in mammals.
The vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an attractive model organism for studying the mechanisms of aging due to its relatively short lifespan, convenient husbandry, and facile genetics. However, demographic measures of aging, including age-specific survival and mortality, are extraordinarily susceptible to even minor variations in experimental design and environment, and the maintenance of strict laboratory practices for the duration of aging experiments is required. These considerations, together with the need to practice careful control of genetic background, are essential for generating robust measurements. Indeed, there are many notable controversies surrounding inference from longevity experiments in yeast, worms, flies and mice that have been traced to environmental or genetic artifacts1-4. In this protocol, we describe a set of procedures that have been optimized over many years of measuring longevity in Drosophila using laboratory vials. We also describe the use of the dLife software, which was developed by our laboratory and is available for download (<a href="http://sitemaker.umich.edu/pletcherlab/software">http://sitemaker.umich.edu/pletcherlab/software</a>). dLife accelerates throughput and promotes good practices by incorporating optimal experimental design, simplifying fly handling and data collection, and standardizing data analysis. We will also discuss the many potential pitfalls in the design, collection, and interpretation of lifespan data, and we provide steps to avoid these dangers.

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model organism for exploring the molecular basis of longevity regulation. This protocol will discuss the steps involved in generating a reproducible, population-based measurement of longevity as well as potential pitfalls and how to avoid them.

의 수명 측정<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Aging is a phenomenon that results in steady physiological deterioration in nearly all organisms in which it has been examined, leading to reduced ...

Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis: Live and Fixed Preparations of Drosophila Testes

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model system that has been widely used to elucidate a variety of biological processes. For example, studies of both the female and male germ lines of Drosophila have contributed greatly to the current understanding of meiosis as well as stem cell biology. Excellent protocols are available in the literature for the isolation and imaging of Drosophila ovaries&#160;and testes3-12. Herein, methods for the dissection and preparation of Drosophila testes for microscopic analysis are described with an accompanying video demonstration. A protocol for isolating testes from the abdomen of adult males and preparing slides of live tissue for analysis by phase-contrast microscopy as well as a protocol for fixing and immunostaining testes for analysis by fluorescence microscopy are presented. These techniques can be applied in the characterization of Drosophila mutants that exhibit defects in spermatogenesis as well as in the visualization of subcellular localizations of proteins.

Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis: Live and Fixed Preparations of Drosophila Testes

Methods for isolating and preparing Drosophila testes samples (live and fixed) for imaging by phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy are described herein.&#160;

정자의 세포 학적 분석 : 라이브와 고정 준비<em&gt; 초파리</em&gt; 고환

Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model system that has been widely used to elucidate a variety of biological processes. For example, studies of both ...

Imaging Through the Pupal Case of Drosophila melanogaster

The longstanding use of Drosophila as a model for cell and developmental biology has yielded an array of tools. Together, these techniques have enabled analysis of cell and developmental biology from a variety of methodological angles. Live imaging is an emerging method for observing dynamic cell processes, such as cell division or cell motility. Having isolated mutations in uncharacterized putative cell cycle proteins it became essential to observe mitosis in situ using live imaging. Most live imaging studies in Drosophila have focused on the embryonic stages that are accessible to manipulation and observation because of their small size and optical clarity. However, in these stages the cell cycle is unusual in that it lacks one or both of the gap phases. By contrast, cells of the pupal wing of Drosophila have a typical cell cycle and undergo a period of rapid mitosis spanning about 20 hr of pupal development. It is easy to identify and isolate pupae of the appropriate stage to catch mitosis in situ. Mounting intact pupae provided the best combination of tractability and durability during imaging, allowing experiments to run for several hours with minimal impact on cell and animal viability. The method allows observation of features as small as, or smaller than, fly chromosomes. Adjustment of microscope settings and the details of mounting, allowed extension of the preparation to visualize membrane dynamics of adjacent cells and fluorescently labeled proteins such as tubulin. This method works for all tested fluorescent proteins and can capture submicron scale features over a variety of time scales. While limited to the outer 20 &#181;m of the pupa with a conventional confocal microscope, this approach to observing protein and cellular dynamics in pupal tissues in vivo may be generally useful in the study of cell and developmental biology in these tissues.

Imaging Through the Pupal Case of Drosophila melanogaster

This paper demonstrates the use of a fast scanning confocal microscope to image cell behavior directly through the puparium. By leaving the pupal case intact, this method allows observation and measurement of dynamic cell processes at a stage of Drosophila development that is difficult to study directly.

의 번데기 케이스를 통해서 영상<em&gt; 초파리</em

The longstanding use of Drosophila as a model for cell and developmental biology has yielded an array of tools. Together, these techniques have enabled ...

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster

A significant portion of post-embryonic development in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, takes place within a set of sac-like structures called imaginal discs. These discs give rise to a high percentage of adult structures that are found within the adult fly. Here we describe a protocol that has been optimized to recover these discs and prepare them for analysis with antibodies, transcriptional reporters and protein traps. This procedure is best suited for thin tissues like imaginal discs, but can be easily modified for use with thicker tissues such as the larval brain and adult ovary. The written protocol and accompanying video will guide the reader/viewer through the dissection of third instar larvae, fixation of tissue, and treatment of imaginal discs with antibodies. The protocol can be used to dissect imaginal discs from younger first and second instar larvae as well. The advantage of this protocol is that it is relatively short and it has been optimized for the high quality preservation of the dissected tissue. Another advantage is that the fixation procedure that is employed works well with the overwhelming number of antibodies that recognize Drosophila proteins. In our experience, there is a very small number of sensitive antibodies that do not work well with this procedure. In these situations, the remedy appears to be to use an alternate fixation cocktail while continuing to follow the guidelines that we have set forth for the dissection steps and antibody incubations.

Dissection and Immunostaining of Imaginal Discs from Drosophila melanogaster

The adult structures of Drosophila are derived from sac-like structures called imaginal discs. Analysis of these discs provides insight into many developmental processes including tissue determination, compartment boundary establishment, cell proliferation, cell fate specification, and planar cell polarity. This protocol is used to prepare imaginal discs for light/fluorescent microscopy.

해부하고, 상상 디스크의 면역 염색에서<em&gt; 초파리</em

A significant portion of post-embryonic development in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, takes place within a set of sac-like structures called ...

Maintenance of a Drosophila melanogaster Population Cage

Large quantities of DNA, RNA, proteins and other cellular components are often required for biochemistry and molecular biology experiments. The short life cycle of Drosophila enables collection of large quantities of material from embryos, larvae, pupae and adult flies, in a synchronized way, at a low economic cost. A major strategy for propagating large numbers of flies is the use of a fly population cage. This useful and common tool in the Drososphila community is an efficient way to regularly produce milligrams to tens of grams of embryos, depending on uniformity of developmental stage desired. While a population cage can be time consuming to set up, maintaining a cage over months takes much less time and enables rapid collection of biological material in a short period. This paper describes a detailed and flexible protocol for the maintenance of a Drosophila melanogaster population cage, starting with 1.5 g of harvested material from the previous cycle.

Maintenance of a Drosophila melanogaster Population Cage

This manuscript reports a detailed protocol for culturing, on a regular basis, a population of Drosophila melanogaster using a fly population cage.

(A)의 유지 보수<em&gt; 노랑 초파리</em&gt; 인구 케이지

Large quantities of DNA, RNA, proteins and other cellular components are often required for biochemistry and molecular biology experiments. The short life ...