베테랑 담당 부서에서 메리트 그랜트와 건강의 국립 연구소의 NHLBI에서 T32-HL098062 그랜트는이 작업을 지원했다. 우리는 기꺼이 랜돌프 H. Hasting, MD, 박사의 조언을 인정하고자하는 그리고 조언과 VA 샌디에고 헬스 케어 시스템의 수의학 단위의 지원.

1. 동물 준비 <ol><li> (작은 마우스는 전문가에 의해 삽관 할 수있다) 8 주 이내에 세 이상 20g 생쥐를 얻습니다. </li><li> 마취 <ol><li> 복강 preanesthetic으로 케타민과 자일 라진 20 ㎎ / ㎏, 각, 생쥐를 주입한다. (이 용량은 완전히 마우스를 마취하기에 충분하지만, 기계 환기에 삽관 후 안전한 전송을 용이하게한다.) 그러나, 투여 량의 조정 기관의 수의사와 협의하여 마취 반응에 따라 필요할 수 있습니다.) </li><li> 90 ~ 120 초 동안 유도 챔버에서 3.5 % 이소 플루 란 / 산소와 마우스에서 마취를 유도한다. </li><li> 주의 깊게 호흡을 관찰합니다. 그것은 이하 45 이상 BPM에 점진적으로 둔화 될 전망. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. 삽관을위한 준비 <ol><li> 유도 챔버에서 마우스를 제거하고 단단하게 목덜미. </li><li> 신사에 쿠션 미세 집게를 사용하여LY 입에서 혀를 확장합니다. </li><li> 두 손가락 사이에 혀를 잡고 부드러운 힘을 주면 혀의 확장을 유지한다. </li><li> 상하 운동과 이경의 검경에 마우스를 위로 당기십시오. </li><li> 단단히 scruffing 동안 이경의 눈을 통해보고 혀와 목덜미에 부드럽게 마우스를 올려. </li><li> 성대 살펴보십시오. 그들은이 시간에 쉽게 볼 수 있어야합니다. laryngis의 aditus (후두 구멍의 구조)는 상대적으로 흰색을 찾아야한다. 각각의 호흡과 코드의 움직임이 있어야합니다. 코드가 이동하지 않거나 불완전하게 시각화하는 경우, 약간 동물을 회전하고 부드럽게 목을 hyperextend. </li><li> 지배적 인 손으로 연필처럼, 카테터의 끝을 관통 PE10 튜브의 1cm 길이로, 카테터에 20 G, 1을 누른 상태에서 검경의 측면에 삽입합니다. PE 튜브는 탐침이나 소식 자 역할을합니다. </li><li> PE10의 TUBI 직접NG 성대를 통해 (탐침)와 허브까지 PE 튜브에 20 G 카테터 (기관 내 튜브를) 진행은 아래 앞니의 수준에 있습니다. 빨리이 탐침을 제거합니다. </li><li> 조심스럽게 검경 떨어져 동물을 가지고 실험을하는 동안 전신 마취를 유지하기 위해 연속 2 % 이소 플루 란 (isoflurane)와 인공 호흡기에 동물을 배치하여 튜브의 위치를​​ 확인합니다. 삽관을 확인하는 PEEP 트랩을 통과 만료 된 공기 (기포)를 시각화. 식도 삽관 몇 거품이 발생할 수 있지만, 그와 같은 발음 또는 기관 내 삽관과 같은 일치하지 않을 수 있습니다. 또한, 음의 굴절을위한기도 압력 추적 (그림 1)을 관찰한다. 이 튜브의 적절한 배치를 확인합니다. 대안 적으로, IV 튜빙에 소량의 물을 배치하고는 ET 튜브에 연결한다. 호흡 2 마우스와의 움직임을 확인. 식도 삽관, P의 경우ressure 추적은 상당히 높은 압력과 부정적인 편향을 발표 할 예정이다. 기말 CO 2가 도움이 될 것입니다 있지만, 기술적으로이 작은 갯벌 볼륨 (~ 200 μL)이 매우 비쌀 할 수있는 장비 주어 매우 어려울 것입니다. 설명하는 간단한 기술은 완전히 충분하고 훨씬 저렴합니다. 이소 플루 란 마취를 사용할 수없는 경우, 모든 절차가 일반적인 마취 자일 라진 20 ㎎ / kg과 함께 케타민 80-120 ㎎ / kg을 사용하여 수행 될 수있다. </li></ol> 3. 대체 기술 : 직접 후두경 이경 기술로는 주로 폐에 연구 물질의 직접 떨어 뜨림에, 다른 목적을 위해 쉬움 사용됩니다. <ol><li> 유도 챔버에서 90 ~ 120 초 동안 3.5 %에서이 절차에 혼자 이소 플루 란과 동물의 마취를 유도한다. </li><li> 단단히 두개골의 기지에서 동물의 목덜미에 부드럽게 혀를 연장미세 집게로. </li><li> 동물이 더 뽑아 할 수 없을 때까지 부드럽게 혀를 잡고 똑바로 검경에 수정되지 않은 동물을 잡아 당깁니다. </li><li> 성대는 단독으로이 기술에 의해 가장 자주 시각화하지만, 동물 및 전체보기로 그들을 가져 하이퍼 확장 목을 회전 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 성문에 instillate를 포함하는 겔로드 피펫을 사전 유체를 주입. 검경은 하인두와 씰을 만들고 있기 때문에 마우스가 코드를 통해 이동하지 않는 잔여 액체를 대기음됩니다. 이것은 쉽게 rhonchorous 의해 확인이 호흡 할 때 유체가 폐에 완전히 분산 될 때까지 마우스를 지금 만드는 소리. </li><li> 대안 적으로, 액체 뒤에서 공기 러스와 유체의 50 μl를 함유하는 0.5 ㎖ 주사기에 PE10 튜브를 연결한다. 0.5 cm의 성대를 통해주의 깊게 PE 튜브를 사전 천천히기도에 내용을 방출. 그러나, 하부기도에 가끔 외상은 U 발생샘플을 더 잘 전달하지 않고이 기술을 노래. </li></ol>

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저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이익이 없다는 것을 선언합니다.

이 보고서에서 우리는 비 외상성과 같은 동물에서 반복적으로 사용할 수있는 마우스를 삽관하는 간단하고 신뢰할 수있는 기술을 설명합니다. 이 기술은 겸손한 합계 구입하실 수 있습니다 간단한 실험실이나 의료 장비를 수행 할 수 있습니다. 원래 스팅 및 동료 (4)에 의해보고 된 직접적인 후두경의 기술은, 다양한 용도로도 이용 될 수 있지만 주로 정확하게 하부 호흡기에 시험 물질을 ?...

실험실 마우스 생물학 한테 진찰 Pathobiology의 주요 포유류의 모델로 거의 모든 종을 대신하게했다. 실험실 마우스는 명확하고 광범위하게 인간의 질병의 모델로서 가치가있을 것으로 나타났다 인간 생물학 및 질병에 대한 우리의 이해의 발전에 귀중한 입증 된 가장 작은 포유류의 종입니다. 짧은 임신 기간의 시간과 실질적으로 낮은 비용으로는 생물 의학 연구에서 일반적인 도구로 널 (null)과 형질 전환 마우스의 개발과 연구를 허용했다. 그러나, 평균 실험실 마우스 (20 ~ 25 g)을의 크기는 결과적으로 연구자에 큰 포유 동물 종을 연구, 생리 학적 또는 외과 적 기반 연구에 자신의 연구를 제한하고있다. 이 연구에 마우스를 사용하는 장애는 깊은 마취 생리적 측정 또는 광범위한 수술을 허용하는 삽관 기술로 발생하는 어려움이다. 기관 절개 1 TE 표준으로 사용되었다필요하기 때문에이 기술과 겸손 기술을 수행하는보다 쉽게​​ 대신 삽관의 chnique. 그러나, 기관 절개술은 만성 또는 복구 수술 연구에 도움이되지 않습니다; 따라서, 급성 실험에 한한다. 기관 절개술은 또한 염증이나 민감한 생리적 반사 신경이 중요 한 연구에서 교란 변수가 될 수 있습니다. 우리 연구실은 다른 연구자에 의해 설명 된 기술의 대부분을 시도하고 여러 가지 이유로 그 불충분 함을 발견했습니다. 기관 절개도이다 외상성 출혈 및기도 염증을 유도한다. 훨씬 더 문제가 그것에서 실질적으로 반복 될 수 있다는 것이다. 장비 겸손한 투자를 필요로하는 많은 상대적으로 비 침습적 기술은 충분히 신뢰할 수 없습니다. 다른 기술은 장비가 특정 응용 프로그램에서 작동하는지 몰라도 정당화하기 어려운 고가의 장비를 필요로합니다. 따라서, 우리는 더 이상 t을 요구하지 않는 비 외상성 기술을 개발하기 위해 노력한 특수 장비의 소극적인 투자는 빠르게 달성 될 수 있고, 안정적으로, 만성 모델에서 반복 될 수 있고, 많은 수의 동물에서 사용될 수있다. 여기에서 우리는 이러한 기술을보고합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="706">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;width:411px;">Operating Otoscope Head</td>
			<td style="width:144px;">Welch Allyn</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:83px;">21700</td>
			<td style="width:69px;">&#160;$188.98</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Otoscope Handle</td>
			<td>Welch Allyn</td>
			<td align="right">71000</td>
			<td>&#160;$112.20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Reuseable Speculum</td>
			<td>Welch Allyn</td>
			<td align="right">22002</td>
			<td>&#160;$ 3.98</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Fine Forceps</td>
			<td>Miltex</td>
			<td>18-779</td>
			<td>&#160;$107.18</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;">Small clamp stand to hold otoscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="17">
			<td height="17" style="height:17px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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endotracheal intubation in mice via direct laryngoscopy using an otoscope

마우스는 야생형 및 유전자 변형 모두는 현재 생물 의학 연구의 주요 포유류의 모델입니다. 삽관 및 기계적 환기 깊은 마취 또는 폐 기능의 측정에 따라 수술을 필요로 전체 동물 실험을 위해 필요합니다. 기관 절개술은 기계 환기를 허용하는이 마우스에서기도 삽관을위한 표준이다. Orotracheal 삽관 때문에 상당한 기술적 어려움이나 고도의 전문과 고가의 장비에 대한 요구 사항의보고되었지만 성공적으로 많은 연구에 사용되지 않았습니다. 여기서 우리는 2.0 mm 검경 장착 이경을 사용하여 기관 내 튜브로 20 G 정맥 카테터를 사용하여 직접 후두경의 기술을보고합니다. 우리는 삽관과 생쥐의 폐 기능의 정확한 평가를 수행하기 위해 광범위하고 안정적​​으로이 기술을 사용하고 있습니다. 이 기술은 경험이 풍부한 손에 본질적으로 동물 손실, 안전 입증했다. 또한,이 기술만성 모델 마우스의 반복 된 연구에 사용할 수 있습니다.

위의 기술을 가진 삽관 법은 안정적이고 빠르다. 기관 내 튜브의 적절한 배치는 쉽게의 침수 호기 사지에서 배출 가스 버블 링을 관찰에 의해 확인 된 인공 호흡기 회로 (일반적으로 PEEP 트랩에서) (그림 1)를 추적기도 압력에 부정적인 편향의. 기도 압력 추적에 부정적인 편향은 가장 신뢰할 수 있습니다. 기타 호기 인공 호흡기 회로 (2)에 연결 정맥 튜브의 작은 액체 방울의 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope at JoVE.com

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

우리는 2.0 mm 검경과 이경을 사용하여 직접 후두경을 통해 마우스에서 기관 내 삽관을위한 간단하고 신뢰할 수있는, 그리고 상대적으로 저렴한 방법을 개발했습니다. 이 기술은 atraumatic이고 만성 실험에서 반복 측정에 사용될 수있다. 우리는 우수한 기관 절개 또는 이전에 비수술 적 방법을보고 찾을 수 있습니다.

마우스의 기관 내 삽관<em&gt;를 통해</em이경 사용&gt; 직접 후두경

Mice, both wildtype and transgenic, are the principal mammalian model in biomedical research currently. Intubation and mechanical ventilation are ...

endotracheal-intubation-mice-via-direct-laryngoscopy-using-an

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

30.8K 조회수.  VA San Diego Healthcare System.  우리는 2.0 mm 검경과 이경을 사용하여 직접 후두경을 통해 마우스에서 기관 내 삽관을위한 간단하고 신뢰할 수있는, 그리고 상대적으로 저렴한 방법을 개발했습니다. 이 기술은 atraumatic이고 만성 실험에서 반복 측정에 사용될 수있다. 우리는 우수한 기관 절개 또는 이전에 비수술 적 방법을보고 찾을 수 있습니다. 

비디오: Endotracheal Intubation in Mice via Direct Laryngoscopy Using an Otoscope

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules that regulate HSCs. In these transplant model systems, the function of HSCs is determined by the ability of these cells to engraft and reconstitute lethally irradiated recipient mice. Commonly, the donor cell contribution/engraftment is measured by antibodies to donor- specific cell surface proteins using flow cytometry. However, this method heavily depends on the specificity and the ability of the cell surface marker to differentiate donor-derived cells from recipient-originated cells, which may not be available for all mouse strains. Considering the various backgrounds of genetically modified mouse strains in the market, this cell surface/ flow cytometry-based method has significant limitations especially in mouse strains that lack well-defined surface markers to separate donor cells from congenic recipient cells. Here, we reported a PCR-based technique to determine donor cell engraftment/contribution in transplant recipient mice. We transplanted male donor bone marrow HSCs to lethally irradiated congenic female mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points post transplantation. Bone marrow samples were obtained at the end of the experiments. Genomic DNA was isolated and the Y chromosome specific gene, Zfy1, was amplified using quantitative Real time PCR. The engraftment of male donor-derived cells in the female recipient mice was calculated against standard curve with known percentage of male vs. female DNAs. Bcl2 was used as a reference gene to normalize the total DNA amount. Our data suggested that this approach reliably determines donor cell engraftment and provides a useful, yet simple method in measuring hematopoietic cell reconstitution in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Our method can be routinely performed in most laboratories because no costly equipment such as flow cytometry is required.

Determining donor cell engraftment presents a challenge in mouse bone marrow transplant models that lack well-defined phenotypical markers. We described a methodology to quantify male donor cell engraftment in female transplant recipient mice. This method can be used in all mouse strains for the study of HSC functions.

경쟁 손쥐 골수 이식 모델에서 기증자 세포 Engraftment를 확인하려면 수량 실시간 PCR을 사용하여

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

연구

의학

A Simple Method of Mouse Lung Intubation

A simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or expensive animal. One of the reasons that this is not done more routinely is that it is relatively difficult, despite there being several published studies that describe ways to achieve it. In this paper we demonstrate a procedure that eliminates one of the major hurdles associated with this intubation, that of visualizing the trachea during the entire time of intubation. The approach uses a 0.5 mm fiberoptic light source that serves as an introducer to direct the intubation cannula into the mouse trachea. We show that it is possible to use this procedure to measure lung mechanics in individual mice over a time course of at least several weeks. The technique can be set up with relatively little expense and expertise, and it can be routinely accomplished with relatively little training. This should make it possible for any laboratory to routinely carry out this intubation, thereby allowing longitudinal studies in individual mice, thereby minimizing the number of mice needed and increasing the statistical power by using each mouse as its own control.

This paper describes a striaghforward and efficient method of intubating mice for pulmonary function measurements or pulmonary instillation, that allows the mice to recover and be studied at later times. The procedure involves an inexpensive fiberoptic light source that directly illuminates the trachea.

마우스 폐 삽관 법의 간단한 방법

A  simple procedure to intubate mice for pulmonary function measurements would  have several advantages in longitudinal studies with limited numbers or  ...

Heterotopic Mucosal Engrafting Procedure for Direct Drug Delivery to the Brain in Mice

Delivery of therapeutics into the brain is impeded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which restricts the passage of polar and high molecular weight compounds from the bloodstream and into brain tissue. Some direct delivery success in humans has been achieved via implantation of transcranial catheters; however this method is highly invasive and associated with numerous complications. A less invasive alternative would be to dose the brain through a surgically implanted, semipermeable membrane such as the nasal mucosa that is used to repair skull base defects following endoscopic transnasal tumor removal surgery in humans. Drug transfer though this membrane would effectively bypass the BBB and diffuse directly into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Inspired by this approach, a surgical approach in mice was developed that uses a donor septal mucosal membrane engrafted over an extracranial surgical BBB defect. This model has been shown to effectively allow the passage of high molecular weight compounds into the brain. Since numerous drug candidates are incapable of crossing the BBB, this model is valuable for performing preclinical testing of novel therapies for neurological and psychiatric diseases.

A mouse model of human endoscopic skull base reconstruction has been developed that creates a semipermeable interface between the brain and nose using nasal mucosal grafts. This method allows researchers to study delivery to the central nervous system of high molecular weight therapeutics which are otherwise excluded by the blood-brain barrier when administered systemically.

쥐의 뇌에 직접 약물 전달 이소성 점막 Engrafting 절차

Delivery of therapeutics into the brain is impeded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which restricts the passage of polar and high ...

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

This article presents a rapid and simple method for administering bleomycin directly into the mouse trachea via intubation. Key advantages of this method are that it is highly reproducible, easy to master, and does not require specialized equipment or lengthy recovery times.

마우스의기도 신속 삽관 용 개선 된 방법

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

Inducing Acute Lung Injury in Mice by Direct Intratracheal Lipopolysaccharide Instillation

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. Various approaches have been described, such as the inhalation of aerosolized LPS as well as nasal or intratracheal instillation. The presented protocol describes a detailed step-by-step procedure to induce ALI in mice by direct intratracheal LPS instillation and perform FACS analysis of blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and lung tissue. After intraperitoneal sedation, the trachea is exposed and LPS is administered via a 22 G venous catheter. A robust and reproducible inflammatory reaction with leukocyte invasion, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and disruption of the alveolo-capillary barrier is induced within hours to days, depending on the LPS dosage used. Collection of blood samples, BAL fluid, and lung harvesting, as well as the processing for FACS analysis, are described in detail in the protocol. Although the use of the sterile LPS is not suitable to study pharmacologic interventions in infectious diseases, the described approach offers minimal invasiveness, simple handling, and good reproducibility to answer mechanistic immunological questions. Furthermore, dose titration as well as the use of alternative LPS preparations or mouse strains allow modulation of the clinical effects, which can exhibit different degrees of ALI severity or early vs. late onset of disease symptoms.

Presented here is a step-by-step procedure to induce acute lung injury in mice by direct intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation and to perform FACS analysis of blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Minimal invasiveness, simple handling, good reproducibility, and titration of disease severity are advantages of this approach.

직접 경포당증 주입에 의해 마우스에 있는 심각한 폐 상해를 유도하는

Airway administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a common way to study pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury (ALI) in small animal models. ...

Repeated Orotracheal Intubation in Mice

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ventral neck for direct confirmation of cannula placement in the trachea. The relative difficulty or the tissue trauma induced to the subject by such procedures can be an impediment to an investigator&#8217;s ability to perform longitudinal studies. This article illustrates a technique in which physical manipulation of the mouse following the use of a depilatory to remove hair from the ventral neck permits transcutaneous visualization of the trachea for orotracheal intubation regardless of degree of skin pigmentation. This method is innocuous to the subject and easily achieved with a limited understanding of murine anatomy. This refined approach facilitates repeated intubation, which may be necessary for monitoring progression of disease or instillation of treatments. Using this method may result in a reduction of the number of animals and technical skill required to measure lung function in mouse models of respiratory disease.

The goal of this article is to describe a refined method of intubation of the laboratory mouse. The method is noninvasive and, therefore, ideal for studies that require serial monitoring of respiratory function and/or instillation of treatments into the lung.

마우스에서 반복된 Orotracheal 삽관

The literature describes several methods for mouse intubation that either require visualization of the glottis through the oral cavity or incision in the ...

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical characteristics, which is further complicated in the case of the newborn. Of the different methods of advanced airway management, endotracheal intubation is less aggressive than tracheostomy, and is more feasible than supraglottic management given the lack of supraglottic devices of such a small size. As direct glottis visualization is very difficult in animals this size, this blind intubation model is presented as an effective alternative, especially for experiments requiring prolonged anesthesia. Using this method, we performed blind intubations with a 90% success rate.

We describe a technique of endotracheal intubation in newborn rabbits after esophageal catheterization with a gastric tube.

신생아 토끼의 맹인 내트라큐어 삽관

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical ...

Direct Drug Delivery to Kidney via the Renal Artery

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research field. Accumulation of drugs in certain organs may give rise to adverse and unwanted effects, depending on the nature of injectate. To minimize spillover and/or accumulation in other tissues, the herein described method directs the formulation into the renal artery bloodstream by inserting a catheter in the infra renal aorta, just below where it branches into the renal artery, resulting in the kidney as first reached organ and distributing of formulation throughout the kidney.
This manuscript provides a detailed description of the method, as well as its challenges and difficulties. It guides the experimenter to become skillful with this type of microsurgery that requires accuracy under sterile conditions. Speed is crucial for minimizing the ischemia and practicing the procedure will increase the chance of successful injections without adverse effects. By modulating the time between injection and reperfusion as well as the injected volume, the risk of spillover to other organs is mitigated. 
Note that this technique is suitable for single dosing strategies.

This manuscript describes a method for targeted delivery to a single kidney via a catheter placed in the infrarenal abdominal aorta in the mouse.

신장 동맥을 통해 신장에 직접 약물 전달

There is a need for directed injections to enable increased and specific renal exposure for efficient evaluation of drug targets in the renal research ...

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway or high ventilation pressures. Endotracheal intubation is a challenging skill,&#160;requiring a minimum number of successful endotracheal intubations to achieve a high success rate under optimal conditions, which is often unachievable for non-anaesthesiology researchers. Due to the specific porcine airway anatomy, a difficult airway can usually be assumed. The impossibility of establishing a secure airway can result in injury, adverse events, or death of the laboratory animal. Using a prospective, randomized, controlled evaluation approach, it has been shown that fiberoptic-assisted endotracheal intubation takes longer but has a higher first-pass success rate than conventional intubation without causing clinically relevant drops in oxygen saturation. This model presents a standardized regimen for endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, providing a secured airway, especially for researchers who are inexperienced in the technique of endotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy. This procedure is expected to minimize animal suffering and unnecessary animal losses.

The use of pigs in research has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, pigs are characterized by difficult airway anatomy. By demonstrating how to perform endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, the present protocol aims to further increase laboratory animals' safety to avoid animal suffering and unnecessary death.

돼지의 안전한 기도 관리를 위한 표준화된 모델로 유연한 삽관 내시경을 사용한 기관내 삽관

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Non-survival Rat 모델을 위한 기관절개술 기반 기관내 삽관 프로토콜

Endotracheal Intubation via Tracheotomy and Subsequent Thoracotomy in Rats for Non-Survival Applications

Endotracheal intubation and subsequent ventilation are often basic requirements for translational research in rat models for various interventions that require controlled or high ventilation pressures or access to the thoracic cavity and organs. Conventional endoorotracheal intubation using the anatomically existing route through the mouth is well suited for survival experiments. However, this procedure poses some challenges, including generally higher levels of the required experience and technical skill, more advanced equipment, and greater time effort with relevant intubation failure rates and complications such as tracheal perforation, temporary systemic hypooxygenation, and relevant aerial leakage.
This manuscript, therefore, presents a detailed step-by-step protocol for endotracheal intubation through tracheotomy in non-survival rat models when guaranteed intubation success, constant oxygenation levels, high ventilation pressures, or open thoracotomy are required.
The protocol emphasizes the importance of meticulous surgical technique to ensure consistent and reliable outcomes, especially for researchers who are inexperienced or lack routine in the technique of endoorotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy. This procedure is, therefore, expected to minimize animal suffering and unnecessary animal losses.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Non-survival 응용 프로그램을 위한 쥐의 기관절개술을 통한 기관내 삽관 및 후속 흉곽절개술

Here we introduce a standardized procedure for endotracheal intubation via tracheotomy followed by thoracotomy in rats, aimed at enhancing the precision and reproducibility of non-survival applications requiring invasive ventilation and exposure of thoracic organs in in vivo rat models.

Non-survival 응용 프로그램을 위한 쥐의 기관절개술을 통한 기관내 삽관 및 후속 흉곽절개술

Endotracheal intubation and subsequent ventilation are often basic requirements for translational research in rat models for various interventions that ...