This work was funded by grants from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG4179 to A.N.), the National Institutes of Health (NIH R01NS073425 and R01NS074870 to A.N.) and the National Science Foundation (A.N.). We thank Dr. Frank Kirchhoff (University of Saarland, Homburg Germany) for providing PLPDsRed transgenic mice. We thank Youfen Sun for her assistance in maintaining the transgenic mouse colony.

주 : 모든 동물의 절차는 지침을 따르고 코네티컷 대학의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)에 의해 승인되었습니다. 참고 : YFP 기자 20 (JAX 번호 006148) 선이 각각 사용되었다 : NG2cre 18 구성 적 (JAX # 008533)와 NG2creER 16 유도 이러한 실험 (JAX 번호 008538)의 경우 형질 전환 마우스는 19 (JAX은 # 003920) 또는 gtRosa26 / EG Z에 교차 화상 NG2 세포 및 그 자손. 희소 돌기 아교 세포로 성숙 화상, PLPDsRed 트랜스 제닉 마우스 (21)를 사용 하였다. 일관성 생존을 위해, 조각까지 전뇌와 소뇌 모두에서 출생 일 10 생쥐에서 분리 할 수​​ 있습니다. 1 조각 준비 <ol><li> 문화 후드에서 여섯 잘 접시에 조직 배양 삽입을 배치하고 (시약 섹션에서 레시피) 1 ml의 슬라이스 문화 매체를 추가 할 수 있습니다. 5 %와 37 ° C에서 해부하기 전에 CO 2 적어도 2 시간을 세포 배양 인큐베이터에서 접시를 넣습니다. </li><li> 70 % 에탄올에서 모든 도구와 조직 초퍼 멸균. </li><li> 이전 해부의 시작 적어도 15 분 동안 얼음에 95 % O 2, 5 % CO 2와 버블 해부 버퍼 (시약 섹션에서 레시피). </li><li> 승인 된 동물 프로토콜에 따라 5 ~ 10 분 동안 얼음에 배치하여 마우스 새끼를 마취. 쥐 꼬리와 발가락 핀치에 응답하지 않는 것을 확인하여 마취의 적절한 깊이를 확인하라. </li><li> 동물 프로토콜을 다음 예리한 가위를 사용하여 동물을 참살. 빨리 첫번째 살균 도구를 사용하여 횡 절개 다음에 시상 컷을하여 전뇌와 소뇌를 통해 두개골을 제거합니다. 조심스럽게 옆으로 조직을 압연하여 뇌와 소뇌의 복부 표면에서 두개골 신경을 잘라. </li><li> 얼음처럼 차가운 산소 해부 버퍼를 포함하는 멸균 35mm 접시에 조직을 배치합니다. </li><li> 면도날을 사용하여, 소뇌 및 전뇌 단절. 그런 다음 중간 시상 컷 죽을반구를 분리 우 전뇌와 소뇌. </li><li> 수동 조직 헬기와 전뇌와 소뇌의 300 μm의 두께의 관상 및 시상 부분을 잘라. 참고 : 수동 조직 헬기 아가로 오스 삽입 할 필요없이 문화 부화 해부에서 신속하게 처리 할 수​​ 있습니다. 앞서 설명한 바와 같이 9 vibratome도 사용될 수있다. </li><li> 얼음에 갓 버블 차가운 해부 버퍼로 분리 된 조각을 전송합니다. </li><li> 작은 해부를 사용하거나 개별 섹션을 분리하고 배양 삽입과 여섯 잘 요리를 미리 배양로 전송 주걱 무게. </li><li> 일회용 전송 피펫 또는 P 200 피펫 팁을 사용하여 문화 삽입물의 표면에서 초과 해부 버퍼를 제거합니다. 세 전뇌 또는 세 소뇌 조각에 두 하나의 문화 삽입에 배치 할 수 있습니다. 참고 : 전뇌 문화와 일치하는 결과를 얻기 위해서 (때문에)는 전방에게 뇌량의 3 분의 1에 걸쳐 조각을 위해 이상적입니다동일한 슬라이스에 모두 회색과 흰색 문제 영역을 공부하기 위해 (그림 1A). 각 동물은 일반적으로 6 전뇌 슬라이스와 6 소뇌 조각을 얻을 수 있습니다. </li><li> 인큐베이터에있는 여섯 잘 접시를 놓고 다음 일 일일 슬라이스 준비 후 슬라이스 매체의 ML 슬라이스 고정 될 때까지 다른 모든 일에 슬라이스 매체를 교체합니다. </li><li> 실험에 따라, 문화 5-7 일 후에 조각을 사용합니다. 처음 몇 일 후에 투명하게 조각을 사용하여 요철이 불투명 한 영역을 가지고 그 사람들을 버린다. 참고 : 슬라이스 내에서 불투명 한 영역은 눈으로 볼 수 있으며, 위상차에서 어두운 세포의 덩어리로 나타납니다. 기술이 습득 한 후에, 죽은 불투명 조각 조각 미만 1-5%에서는 거의 발생하지 않는다. </li></ol> NG2의 세포 분열 및 희소 돌기 아교 세포 분화 2 타임 랩스 영상 참고 : 경제의 제로 성장 생쥐 16 : 우리가 NG2cre를 사용 NG2 세포의 증식과 분화의 시간 경과 이미징을 수행하려면NG2 세포 및 그 자손 (도 1C-E)에서 EGFP를 발현한다. 이 줄 리포터 발현 즉시 적어도 4주의 기간 동안 후 단면 슬라이스 라이브 GFP + 세포의 이미지를 획득 할 수있을만큼 충분히 튼튼하다. 깨끗한 이미지는 문화의 첫 번째 3-5일을 통해 발생하는 슬라이스의 초기 숱이 기간 이후에 얻을 수있다. <ol><li> 실험을하는 동안, 37 ° C에서 세포 배양 인큐베이터에서 조각을 유지하고 시간의 짧은 기간 만 제거 (슬라이스 미만 15 분), 육 웰 플레이트 동안 영상에 뚜껑을 유지. </li><li> 디지털 카메라를 구비 한 반전 된 형광 현미경을 사용하여, 10 배 대물 렌즈를 사용하여 첫 번째 시점에서 이미지를 캡처. 참고 : 처음 지점이 실험에 의해 달라지며 조각이 제조되었다 일 또는 후 어느 시점이 될 수 있습니다. </li><li> 슬라이스의 두 회색과 흰색 물질 분야에서 시점 일에 여러 지역의 이미지를 캡처합니다. 주 일슬라이스 내의 특정하여 도시 및 후속 이미징 세션에 사용할 수있는 이미지에 개략적 위치를 매핑하여 전자 묘화 영역. 유용한 랜드 마크 백질 책자의 조각 및 / 또는 방향의 모서리를 포함 할 수 있습니다. 콘텐츠 각 시점에서 각 조각에 위치 4-8. </li><li> 4-6 시간 간격으로 연속 된 이미지를 캡처 NG2의 세포 분열 및 희소 돌기 아교 세포의 분화, 이상적 통해 5~7일 검사하는. </li><li> 모든 지역의 최종 이미지를 캡처하여 즉시 조각을 수정. 다음 조각 위에 다른 하나를 가하여, 문화 삽입의 바닥 (0.1M L-라이신 0.01 M 나트륨 메타 요오드와 4 % PFA) 고정액의 한 ML을 추가합니다. 그것은 막에서 분리 할 수​​ 있습니다로 슬라이스에 직접 정착 물총 않도록주의하십시오. 30 분 동안 조직을 수정하고 4 절에 설명 된대로 발달 단계 특정 마커를 사용하여 면역 조직 화학 진행합니다. </li><li> 0.2 M 인산 나트륨 완충액 3 × 10m 씻을 조각인치 1-3일 0.2 M 인산 나트륨 완충액에서 4 ° C에서 필요한 저장하기 전에 조각은 면역 염색한다면 이상적으로 24 시간 내에 염색을 수행합니다. 희소 돌기 아교 세포 (그림 2D-F)로 분화 한 세포의 비율을 결정하기 위해 4 장에 아래와 같이 면역 조직 화학 염색을 진행합니다. </li></ol> 슬라이스 문화에 유도 성 기자 형질 전환 마우스를 사용 NG2 세포 자손의 3 운명 매핑 주 : 문화 특정 시점에서 NG2 세포의 운명을 추적하기 위해, 유도 NG2creER : YFP 트랜스 제닉 마우스를 사용할 수있다. <ol><li> 배지에 에탄올 100 나노 4OHT 추가하여 Cre 호텔 재조합 및 리포터 발현을 유도한다. NOTE : 리포터 양성 세포는 모든 NG2 세포 단계에서 세포 것이다 ~ 20-25% YFP + NG2 + / NG2 + 세포의 유도 효율이 시점에서 1~2일 내에 표시한다 (도 2A-C) </li><li> 수정하고 슬라이스를 씻어상이한 시점에서의 각종 조작 후 (섹션 2.5 및 2.6에 기재되어 있음). </li></ol> 4 슬라이스 면역 조직 화학 <ol><li> 메스를 사용하여 삽입에서 부착 된 조각 세포막을 잘라. </li><li> 멤브레인 픽업시 슬라이스의 조성물을 방해하지 않도록주의하면서, 핀셋의 세트를 이용하여 24 웰 플레이트에 함유하는 인산염 완충 식염수 (PBS) 중 각각의 웰에 조각을 전송. </li><li> 1 시간 동안 PBS에서 5 % 정상 염소 혈청 (NGS)와 0.1 % 트리톤 - X100을 포함 차단 솔루션과 24 웰 플레이트에 조각을 전송합니다. </li><li> 4 ° C에서 PBS에서 5 % NGS에 / 차 항체 O에서 N을 슬라이스를 품어. NG2 세포 단계에서 세포를 식별하기위한, 그리고 NG2 PDGFRα 대한 항체를 사용. 희소 돌기 아교 세포 분화를 확인하기위한, 선종 성 용종증 콜라이 항원에 대한 항체를 사용하여 (APC; 클론을 CC1). </li><li> PBS 3 X15의 분에서 두 번째 일 세척 슬라이스에서 다음 차 antibo에 품다RT에서 1 시간 동안 PBS 중 5 %에​​서 NGS 죽는다. PBS 3 X15 최소의 조각을 세척하고 슬라이드에 탑재합니다. 멤브레인 대물과 조직 사이되지 않도록 슬라이드 대향 조각 위로 막 마운트. </li></ol>

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G., Scheller, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+reef+coral+fluorescent+proteins+in+the+central+nervous+system+of+transgenic+mice.">Expression of reef coral fluorescent proteins in the central nervous system of transgenic mice.</a> Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience. 30 (3), 291-303 (2005).</li><li>Nave, K. -. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myelination+and+support+of+axonal+integrity+by+glia.">Myelination and support of axonal integrity by glia.</a> Nature. 468 (7321), 244-252 (2010).</li><li>Rivers, L. E., Young, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PDGFRA/NG2+glia+generate+myelinating+oligodendrocytes+and+piriform+projection+neurons+in+adult+mice.">PDGFRA/NG2 glia generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and piriform projection neurons in adult mice.</a> Nature Neuroscience. 11 (12), 1392-1401 (2008).</li><li>Dimou, L., Simon, C., Kirchhoff, F., Takebayashi, H., Gotz, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progeny+of+Olig2-expressing+progenitors+in+the+gray+and+white+matter+of+the+adult+mouse+cerebral+cortex.">Progeny of Olig2-expressing progenitors in the gray and white matter of the adult mouse cerebral cortex.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (41), 10434-10442 (2008).</li><li>Kang, S. H., Fukaya, M., Yang, J. K., Rothstein, J. D., Bergles, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NG2++CNS+glial+progenitors+remain+committed+to+the+oligodendrocyte+lineage+in+postnatal+life+and+following+neurodegeneration.">NG2+ CNS glial progenitors remain committed to the oligodendrocyte lineage in postnatal life and following neurodegeneration.</a> Neuron. 68 (4), 668-681 (2010).</li><li>Ioannidou, K., Anderson, K. I., Strachan, D., Edgar, J. M., Barnett, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-lapse+imaging+of+the+dynamics+of+CNS+glial-axonal+interactions+in+vitro+and+ex+vivo.">Time-lapse imaging of the dynamics of CNS glial-axonal interactions in vitro and ex vivo.</a> PloS one. 7 (1), e30775 (2012).</li><li>Ghoumari, A. M., Baulieu, E. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=GSK3&#946;+negatively+regulates+oligodendrocyte+differentiation+and+myelination+in+vivo.">GSK3&#946; negatively regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in vivo.</a> Glia. 59 (4), 540-553 (2011).</li><li>Hussain, R., El-Etr, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progesterone+and+nestorone+facilitate+axon+remyelination:+a+role+for+progesterone+receptors.">Progesterone and nestorone facilitate axon remyelination: a role for progesterone receptors.</a> Endocrinology. 152 (10), 3820-3831 (2011).</li><li>Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G., Stelzer, E. H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+third+dimension+bridges+the+gap+between+cell+culture+and+live+tissue.">The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue.</a> Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 8 (10), 839-845 (2007).</li><li>Lubetzki, C., Demerens, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Even+in+culture,+oligodendrocytes+myelinate+solely+axons.">Even in culture, oligodendrocytes myelinate solely axons.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (14), 6820-6824 (1993).</li><li>Demerens, C., Stankoff, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+myelination+in+the+central+nervous+system+by+electrical+activity.">Induction of myelination in the central nervous system by electrical activity.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (18), 9887-9892 (1996).</li><li>Wood, P. M., Bunge, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+that+sensory+axons+are+mitogenic+for+Schwann+cells.">Evidence that sensory axons are mitogenic for Schwann cells.</a> Nature. 256 (5519), 662-664 (1975).</li><li>Stevens, B., Tanner, S., Fields, R. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+myelination+by+specific+patterns+of+neural+impulses.">Control of myelination by specific patterns of neural impulses.</a> The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (22), 9303-9311 (1998).</li><li>Stevens, B., Porta, S., Haak, L. L., Gallo, V., Fields, R. 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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests

중추 신경계의 수초화 효율적으로 신경 세포의 통신 및 축삭의 생존 22 필수적이다. 25 - 대부분의 뇌 영역 16,23의 거주 인구를 유지하면서 NG2 세포는 지속적으로 성인에 myelinating 희소 돌기 아교 세포를 생성합니다. 이러한 세포의 분화를 조절 일부 유전 및 분자 메커니즘을 설명했지만 많이 발견되고 남아있다. Organotypic 슬라이스 배양 인해 해부학 영역, 세포 외 환경의 쉬?...

4 - 중추 신경계 Organoytpic 슬라이스 배양 semiintact 시스템 (1)의 뉴런 및 신경교 세포 생물학을 연구하는데 매우 유용한 것으로 입증되었다. 9 - 이러한 문화를 채택하고 세포 외 환경의 조작을 반복 장기 라이브 세포 이미징에 대한 쉬운 접근과 전기 생리 레코딩 (5)이 기본으로 해리 된 세포 배양의 많은 혜택을 유지하기가 비교적 간단하다. 또한, 슬라이스 배양 3 차원 조직 cytoarchitecture 지역 신경 연결을 유지하고, 가장 중요한 세포 유형은 시스템에 존재한다. 이러한 특성은 세포와 환경의 상호 작용으로 단일 세포의 행동과 생리를 조사하기 위해 이들 문화에 고유 한 편리한 시스템을 확인합니다. NG2 세포 증식 및 m을 계속 생성 포유류의 중추 신경계에서 신경교 세​​포 집단이다배아 및 출생 후의 개발 10 동안 희소 돌기 아교 세포를 yelinating. 이들은 광범위 해리 일차 세포 배양에서 연구되었으며, NG2 형광 단백질의 세포 특이 식 트랜스 제닉 마우스 라인의 최근의 발전은 급성 슬라이스 제제의 생체 내 거동 매핑 및 전기 생리 레코딩에서 촉진했다. 비록 이러한 연구와 거의 NG2 세포 증식 및 희소 돌기 아교 세포의 분화의 시간적 역학에 대해 공지되어있다. 해리 된 세포 배양 물을 광범위하게 약리 유전 조작에 대하여 설비를 위해 사용되지만, 그것은 세포의 미세 환경의 컨텍스트를 유지하는 것이 바람직하다 특히 다른 뇌 영역에서 이들 세포의 기능 차이를 질의에 적합하지 않다. 슬라이스 배양 세포 약리 조작에 대한 의무이며, 희소 돌기 아교 세포의 수초화 (11, 12)을 조사하기 위해 사용 된 간단한 대안을 제공(LPC)을 lysolecithin 또는 항체 약물 치료 15를 통해 탈수 초화 13, 14, 및 재유 수화 유도를 유도 한 후 신경근 응답. 방법은 조사 및 라이브 영상 및 고정 조직 (또는 postfixation) 전뇌와 소뇌에서 모두 촬영 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화의 NG2 세포의 증식 및 희소 돌기 아교 세포의 분화의 분석 설명을 수행 할 수 있습니다. 이 16 분할 한 후 NG2 세포 세포의 운명을 연구하고 성장 인자 유도 NG2 세포 증식 17 인 지역, 연령 의존적 차이를 발견하는데 사용될 수있는 강력한 방법이다. 이 상대적으로 간단한 기술은 또한 고유 및 / 또는 환경이 아교 세포의 생리학 및 신경 세포의 활동이나 수초의 손상에 대한 반응을 조절하는 메커니즘을 세포를 조사하기 위해 광범위하게 액세스 할 수 있습니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Slice Culture Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Minimum Essential Medium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11090</td>
			<td>50%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14175</td>
			<td>25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H-4034</td>
			<td>25mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td>1mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>I6634</td>
			<td>1mg/L</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A-0278</td>
			<td>0.4mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30074.03</td>
			<td>25%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Titrate to pH 7.22 with NaOH, filter with bottle top filter, and store at 4 degrees Celsius</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dissection Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td>124mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5405</td>
			<td>3.004mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KH2PO4</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5655</td>
			<td>1.25mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgSO4 (anhydrous)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7506</td>
			<td>4.004mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2 2H2O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C7902</td>
			<td>2mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaHCO3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td>26mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7021</td>
			<td>10mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A-0278</td>
			<td>2.0mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenosine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4036</td>
			<td>0.075mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Filter with bottle top filter and store at 4 degrees Celsius, oxygenate with 95%O2 5%CO2 before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Other Reagents and Supplies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-hydroxy tamoxifen (4OHT)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H7904</td>
			<td>100nM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td>EM Sciences</td>
			<td>19200</td>
			<td>4%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Lysine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L-6027</td>
			<td>0.1M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Metaperiodate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S-1878</td>
			<td>0.01M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti NG2 antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon (Millipore)</td>
			<td>AB5320</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti CC1 antibody</td>
			<td>Calbiochem (Millipore)</td>
			<td>OP80</td>
			<td>1:200</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti Ki67 antibody</td>
			<td>Vision Biosystems</td>
			<td>NCL-Ki67-MM1</td>
			<td>1:300</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti NeuN antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon (Millipore)</td>
			<td>MAB377</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Species specific secondary antibodies</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Goat Serum (NGS)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.10%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting medium with DAPI</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millicell culture membrane inserts 0.45&#956;m pore size</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>PICM03050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bottle top filters</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>09-740-25E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>95% O2 5% CO2 gas mix</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile six well plates</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting (hippocampal) or weighing spatulas</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manual or automatic tissue chopper</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Razor blades</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable transfer pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35mm and 60mm sterile Petri dishes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Phase Microscope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar Flow Hood</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Culture Incubator</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted Fluorescence Microcope</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

organotypic slice cultures to study oligodendrocyte dynamics and myelination

NG2 발현 세포 (polydendrocytes, 희소 돌기 아교 세포 전구 세포)는 중추 신경계에서 주요한 넷째 신경교 세​​포 집단이다. 배아 및 출생 후의 개발하는 동안 그들은 적극적으로 증식 myelinating 희소 돌기 아교 세포를 생성합니다. 이 세포는 일반적으로 기본 해리 문화, 신경 세포 공 배양 연구, 고정 조직되었다. 새로 사용 가능한 트랜스 제닉 마우스 선이 배양 시스템은 전뇌와 소뇌 모두 회색과 백질 영역에 희소 돌기 아교 세포 계통 세포의 증식과 분화를 조사하는데 사용될 수있는 슬라이스. 슬라이스 문화는 출생 초기 마우스에서 준비가되어 1 개월까지에 대한 문화에 보관됩니다. 이 조각은 세포의 행동과 상호 작용을 조사하기 위해 배양 기간 동안 여러 번 이미지를 만들 수 있습니다. 이 방법은 NG2의 세포 분열의 시각화와의 상세한 분석을 가능하게하고있는 동안 희소 돌기 아교 세포의 분화로 이어지는 단계 지역별 의존 할 수 있습니다천만에 NG2 세포 및 희소 돌기 아교 세포 기능 이질성. 이는 생체 내에서 밀접 발견 유사한 셀룰러 환경에서 시간 경과에 영향을 미치는 이러한 세포 및 극한 외부 신호를 조사하는데 사용될 수있는 강력한 기술이다.

대표 데이터의 예는 다음과 같습니다 P8 NG2cre의 전뇌와 소뇌에서 모두 슬라이스 문화를 사용하여 획득 한 것을 : 경제의 제로 성장, NG2creER : YFP를 형질 전환 마우스 라인을 PLPDsRed. NG2 세포 전뇌와 소뇌 조각 (그림 1B-D, 비디오 1) 이러한 세포의 표현형 일 동안 이미지를 만들 수는 고정 후 결정 NG2와 CC1 항체 (그림 1E)과 면역 염색 할 수 있습니다. 이미징 사는 또한 세포 증식?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination at JoVE.com

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

A technique to study NG2 cells and oligodendrocytes using a slice culture system of the forebrain and cerebellum is described. This method allows examination of the dynamics of proliferation and differentiation of cells within the oligodendrocyte lineage where the extracellular environment can be easily manipulated while maintaining tissue cytoarchitecture.

Organotypic 슬라이스는 문화 희소 돌기 아교 세포 역학 및 수초화을 공부하기

NG2 expressing cells (polydendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells) are the fourth major glial cell population in the central nervous system. During ...

organotypic-slice-cultures-to-study-oligodendrocyte-dynamics

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

18.2K 조회수.  University of Connecticut. A technique to study NG2 cells and oligodendrocytes using a slice culture system of the forebrain and cerebellum is described. This method allows examination of the dynamics of proliferation and differentiation of cells within the oligodendrocyte lineage where the extracellular environment can be easily manipulated while maintaining tissue cytoarchitecture.

비디오: Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

The Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Culture Model for Examining Neuronal Injury

Organotypic hippocampal slice culture is an in vitro method to examine mechanisms of neuronal injury in which the basic architecture and composition of the hippocampus is relatively preserved 1. The organotypic culture system allows for the examination of neuronal, astrocytic and microglial effects, but as an ex vivo preparation, does not address effects of blood flow, or recruitment of peripheral inflammatory cells. To that end, this culture method is frequently used to examine excitotoxic and hypoxic injury to pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, but has also been used to examine the inflammatory response. Herein we describe the methods for generating hippocampal slice cultures from postnatal rodent brain, administering toxic stimuli to induce neuronal injury, and assaying and quantifying hippocampal neuronal death.

The organoptypic hippocampal slice culture model is an in vitro model used to examine neuronal injury in a variety of paradigms. In this article, we describe the methods for generating slice cultures and quantifying neuronal injury.

의 연결을 부상을 검사에 대한 Organotypic Hippocampal 슬라이스 문화 모델

Organotypic hippocampal slice culture is an in vitro method to examine mechanisms of neuronal injury in which the basic architecture and composition of ...

연구

신경과학

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures

The hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation 1. Hippocampal neurons can modify the strength of their connections after brief periods of strong activation. This phenomenon, known as long-term potentiation (LTP) can last for hours or days and has become the best candidate mechanism for learning and memory 2. In addition, the well defined anatomy and connectivity of the hippocampus 3 has made it a classical model system to study synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity4.
As our understanding of the physiology of hippocampal synapses grew and molecular players became identified, a need to manipulate synaptic proteins became imperative. Organotypic hippocampal cultures offer the possibility for easy gene manipulation and precise pharmacological intervention but maintain synaptic organization that is critical to understanding synapse function in a more naturalistic context than routine culture dissociated neurons methods.
Here we present a method to prepare and culture hippocampal slices that can be easily adapted to other brain regions. This method allows easy access to the slices for genetic manipulation using different approaches like viral infection 5,6 or biolistics 7. In addition, slices can be easily recovered for biochemical assays 8, or transferred to microscopes for imaging 9 or electrophysiological experiments 10.

We describe a method to prepare organotypic hippocampal slices that can be easily adapted to other brain regions. Brain slices are laid on porous membranes and culture media is allowed to form an interface. This method preserves the gross architecture of the hippocampus for up to 2 weeks in culture.

Organotypic Hippocampal 슬라이스 문화

The hippocampus, a component of the limbic system, plays important roles in long-term memory and spatial navigation 1. Hippocampal neurons can modify the ...

Organotypic Cerebellar Cultures: Apoptotic Challenges and Detection

Organotypic cultures of neuronal tissue were first introduced by Hogue in 1947 1,2 and have constituted a major breakthrough in the field of neuroscience. Since then, the technique was developed further and currently there are many different ways to prepare organotypic cultures. The method presented here was adapted from the one described by Stoppini et al. for the preparation of the slices and from Gogolla et al. for the staining procedure 3,4.
A unique feature of this technique is that it allows you to study different parts of the brain such as hippocampus or cerebellum in their original structure, providing a big advantage over dissociated cultures in which all the cellular organization and neuronal networks are disrupted. In the case of the cerebellum it is even more advantageous because it allows the study of Purkinje cells, extremely difficult to obtain as dissociated primary culture. This method can be used to study certain developmental features of the cerebellum in vitro, as well as for electrophysiological and pharmacological experiments in both wild type and mutant mice.
The method described here was designed to study the effect of apoptotic stimuli such as Fas ligand in the developing cerebellum, using TUNEL staining to measure apoptotic cell death. If TUNEL staining is combined with cell type specific markers, such as Calbindin for Purkinje cells, it is possible to evaluate cell death in a cell population specific manner. The Calbindin staining also serves the purpose of evaluating the quality of the cerebellar cultures.

This method describes the generation of organotypic cerebellar cultures and the effect of certain apoptotic stimuli on the viability of different cerebellar cell types.

Organotypic 소뇌 문화 : Apoptotic 도전과 감지

Organotypic cultures of neuronal tissue were first introduced by Hogue in 1947 1,2 and have constituted a major breakthrough in the field of neuroscience. ...

Whole Cell Recording from an Organotypic Slice Preparation of Neocortex

We have been studying the expression and functional roles of voltage-gated potassium channels in pyramidal neurons from rat neocortex. Because of the lack of specific pharmacological agents for these channels, we have taken a genetic approach to manipulating channel expression. We use an organotypic culture preparation (16) in order to maintain cell morphology and the laminar pattern of cortex. We typically isolate acute neocortical slices at postnatal days 8-10 and maintain the slices in culture for 3-7 days. This allows us to study neurons at a similar age to those in our work with acute slices and minimizes the development of exuberant excitatory connections in the slice. We record from visually-identified pyramidal neurons in layers II/III or V using infrared illumination (IR-) and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) with whole cell patch clamp in current- or voltage-clamp. We use biolistic (Gene gun) transfection of wild type or mutant potassium channel DNA to manipulate expression of the channels to study their function. The transfected cells are easily identified by epifluorescence microscopy after co-transfection with cDNA for green fluorescent protein (GFP). We compare recordings of transfected cells to adjacent, untransfected neurons in the same layer from the same slice.

This is a protocol to prepare and maintain a neocortical slice preparation in organotypic culture for the purpose of making electrical recordings from pyramidal neurons.

네크로 텍스의 Organotypic 슬라이스 준비에서 전체 셀 녹음

We have been studying the expression and functional roles of voltage-gated potassium channels in pyramidal neurons from rat neocortex.  Because of the ...

Multi-electrode Array Recordings of Neuronal Avalanches in Organotypic Cultures

The cortex is spontaneously active, even in the absence of any particular input or motor output. During development, this activity is important for the migration and differentiation of cortex cell types and the formation of neuronal connections1. In the mature animal, ongoing activity reflects the past and the present state of an animal into which sensory stimuli are seamlessly integrated to compute future actions. Thus, a clear understanding of the organization of ongoing i.e. spontaneous activity is a prerequisite to understand cortex function. 
Numerous recording techniques revealed that ongoing activity in cortex is comprised of many neurons whose individual activities transiently sum to larger events that can be detected in the local field potential (LFP) with extracellular microelectrodes, or in the electroencephalogram (EEG), the magnetoencephalogram (MEG), and the BOLD signal from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The LFP is currently the method of choice when studying neuronal population activity with high temporal and spatial resolution at the mesoscopic scale (several thousands of neurons). At the extracellular microelectrode, locally synchronized activities of spatially neighbored neurons result in rapid deflections in the LFP up to several hundreds of microvolts. When using an array of microelectrodes, the organizations of such deflections can be conveniently monitored in space and time. 
Neuronal avalanches describe the scale-invariant spatiotemporal organization of ongoing neuronal activity in the brain2,3. They are specific to the superficial layers of cortex as established in vitro4,5, in vivo in the anesthetized rat 6, and in the awake monkey7. Importantly, both theoretical and empirical studies2,8-10 suggest that neuronal avalanches indicate an exquisitely balanced critical state dynamics of cortex that optimizes information transfer and information processing.
In order to study the mechanisms of neuronal avalanche development, maintenance, and regulation, in vitro preparations are highly beneficial, as they allow for stable recordings of avalanche activity under precisely controlled conditions. The current protocol describes how to study neuronal avalanches in vitro by taking advantage of superficial layer development in organotypic cortex cultures, i.e. slice cultures, grown on planar, integrated microelectrode arrays (MEA; see also 11-14).

A robust way to study neuronal avalanches, i.e. scale-invariant spatio-temporal activity bursts, indicative of critical state dynamics in cortex. Avalanches emerge spontaneously in developing superficial layers of cultured cortex which allows for long-term measurements of the activity with planar integrated multi-electrode arrays (MEA) under precisely controlled conditions.

Organotypic 문화에의 연결을 눈사태의 다중 전극 어레이 레코딩

The cortex is spontaneously active, even in the absence of any particular input or motor output.  During development, this activity is important for the ...

Derivation of Enriched Oligodendrocyte Cultures and Oligodendrocyte/Neuron Myelinating Co-cultures from Post-natal Murine Tissues

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications for understanding the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cellular development is commonly studied with primary cell culture models. Primary cell culture facilitates the evaluation of a given cell type by providing a controlled environment, free of the extraneous variables that are present in vivo. While OL cultures derived from rats have provided a vast amount of insight into OL biology, similar efforts at establishing OL cultures from mice has been met with major obstacles. Developing methods to culture murine primary OLs is imperative in order to take advantage of the available transgenic mouse lines. 
Multiple methods for extraction of OPCs from rodent tissue have been described, ranging from neurosphere derivation, differential adhesion purification and immunopurification 1-3. While many methods offer success, most require extensive culture times and/or costly equipment/reagents. To circumvent this, purifying OPCs from murine tissue with an adaptation of the method originally described by McCarthy &amp; 
de Vellis 2 is preferred. This method involves physically separating OPCs from a mixed glial culture derived from neonatal rodent cortices. The result is a purified OPC population that can be differentiated into an OL-enriched culture. This approach is appealing due to its relatively short culture time and the unnecessary requirement for growth factors or immunopanning antibodies. 
While exploring the mechanisms of OL development in a purified culture is informative, it does not provide the most physiologically relevant environment for assessing myelin sheath formation. Co-culturing OLs with neurons would lend insight into the molecular underpinnings regulating OL-mediated myelination of axons. For many OL/neuron co-culture studies, dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) have proven to be the neuron type of choice. They are ideal for co-culture with OLs due to their ease of extraction, minimal amount of contaminating cells, and formation of dense neurite beds. While studies using rat/mouse myelinating xenocultures have been published 4-6, a method for the derivation of such OL/DRGN myelinating co-cultures from post-natal murine tissue has not been described. Here we present detailed methods on how to effectively produce such cultures, along with examples of expected results. These methods are useful for addressing questions relevant to OL development/myelinating function, and are useful tools in the field of neuroscience.

This article describes methods to derive enriched populations of murine oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in primary culture, which differentiate to produce mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). In addition, this report describes techniques to produce murine myelinating co-cultures by seeding mouse OPCs onto a neurite bed of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs).

포스트 - 나탈 Murine 조직의 공동 문화를 Myelinating 풍부한 Oligodendrocyte 문화와 Oligodendrocyte / 신경 세포의 유도

Identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying OL development is not only critical to furthering our knowledge of OL biology, but also has implications ...

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

The mouse is an excellent model organism to study mammalian brain development due to the abundance of molecular and genetic data. However, the developing mouse brain is not suitable for easy manipulation and imaging in vivo since the mouse embryo is inaccessible and opaque. Organotypic slice cultures of embryonic brains are therefore widely used to study murine brain development in vitro. Ex-vivo manipulation or the use of transgenic mice allows the modification of gene expression so that subpopulations of neuronal or glial cells can be labeled with fluorescent proteins. The behavior of labeled cells can then be observed using time-lapse imaging. Time-lapse imaging has been particularly successful for studying cell behaviors that underlie the development of the cerebral cortex at late embryonic stages 1-2. Embryonic organotypic slice culture systems in brain regions outside of the forebrain are less well established. Therefore, the wealth of time-lapse imaging data describing neuronal cell migration is restricted to the forebrain 3,4. It is still not known, whether the principles discovered for the dorsal brain hold true for ventral brain areas. In the ventral brain, neurons are organized in neuronal clusters rather than layers and they often have to undergo complicated migratory trajectories to reach their final position. The ventral midbrain is not only a good model system for ventral brain development, but also contains neuronal populations such as dopaminergic neurons that are relevant in disease processes. While the function and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons has been investigated in great detail in the adult and ageing brain, little is known about the behavior of these neurons during their differentiation and migration phase 5. We describe here the generation of slice cultures from the embryonic day (E) 12.5 mouse ventral midbrain. These slice cultures are potentially suitable for monitoring dopaminergic neuron development over several days in vitro. We highlight the critical steps in generating brain slices at these early stages of embryonic development and discuss the conditions necessary for maintaining normal development of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. We also present results from time lapse imaging experiments. In these experiments, ventral midbrain precursors (including dopaminergic precursors) and their descendants were labeled in a mosaic manner using a Cre/loxP based inducible fate mapping system 6.

Organotypic Slice Cultures of Embryonic Ventral Midbrain: A System to Study Dopaminergic Neuronal Development in vitro

A method to generate organotypic slices from the E12.5 murine embryonic midbrain is described. The organotypic slice cultures can be used to observe the behavior of dopaminergic neurons or other ventral midbrain neurons.

배아 복부 Midbrain의 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화 : Dopaminergic의 연결을 개발 연구하는 시스템 체외에서</em

The  mouse is an excellent model organism to study mammalian brain development due  to the abundance of molecular and genetic data. However, the ...

The Analysis of Purkinje Cell Dendritic Morphology in Organotypic Slice Cultures

Purkinje cells are an attractive model system for studying dendritic development, because they have an impressive dendritic tree which is strictly oriented in the sagittal plane and develops mostly in the postnatal period in small rodents 3. Furthermore, several antibodies are available which selectively and intensively label Purkinje cells including all processes, with anti-Calbindin D28K being the most widely used. For viewing of dendrites in living cells, mice expressing EGFP selectively in Purkinje cells 11 are available through Jackson labs. Organotypic cerebellar slice cultures cells allow easy experimental manipulation of Purkinje cell dendritic development because most of the dendritic expansion of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is actually taking place during the culture period 4. We present here a short, reliable and easy protocol for viewing and analyzing the dendritic morphology of Purkinje cells grown in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. For many purposes, a quantitative evaluation of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is desirable. We focus here on two parameters, dendritic tree size and branch point numbers, which can be rapidly and easily determined from anti-calbindin stained cerebellar slice cultures. These two parameters yield a reliable and sensitive measure of changes of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree. Using the example of treatments with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA and the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) we demonstrate how differences in the dendritic development are visualized and quantitatively assessed. The combination of the presence of an extensive dendritic tree, selective and intense immunostaining methods, organotypic slice cultures which cover the period of dendritic growth and a mouse model with Purkinje cell specific EGFP expression make Purkinje cells a powerful model system for revealing the mechanisms of dendritic development.

We present a protocol that permits to view and to quantitatively asses the morphology of the dendritic tree of individual Purkinje cells grown in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures. This protocol is intended to promote studies on the mechanisms of Purkinje cell dendritic development.

Organotypic 슬라이스 문화의 Purkinje 세포 수지상의 형태학의 분석

Purkinje cells are an attractive model system for studying dendritic development, because they have an impressive dendritic tree which is strictly ...

The Analysis of Neurovascular Remodeling in Entorhino-hippocampal Organotypic Slice Cultures

Ischemic brain injury is among the most common and devastating conditions compromising proper brain function and often leads to persisting functional deficits in the affected patients. Despite intensive research efforts, there is still no effective treatment option available that reduces neuronal injury and protects neurons in the ischemic areas from delayed secondary death. Research in this area typically involves the use of elaborate and problematic animal models. Entorhino-hippocampal organotypic slice cultures challenged with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) are established in&#160;vitro models which mimic cerebral ischemia. The novel aspect of this study is that changes of the brain blood vessels are studied in addition to neuronal changes and the reaction of both the neuronal compartment and the vascular compartment can be compared and correlated. The methods presented in this protocol substantially broaden the potential applications of the organotypic slice culture approach. The induction of OGD or hypoxia alone can be applied by rather simple means in organotypic slice cultures and leads to reliable and reproducible damage in the neural tissue. This is in stark contrast to the complicated and problematic animal experiments inducing stroke and ischemia in vivo. By broadening the analysis to include the study of the reaction of the vasculature could provide new ways on how to preserve and restore brain functions. The slice culture approach presented here might develop into an attractive and important tool for the study of ischemic brain injury and might be useful for testing potential therapeutic measures aimed at neuroprotection.

A protocol for entorhino-hippocampal organotypic slice cultures, which allows reproducing many aspects of ischemic brain injury, is presented. By studying changes of the neurovasculature in addition to changes in the neurons, this protocol is a versatile tool to study plastic changes in neural tissue after injury.

에서 신경 혈관 리모델링의 분석 Entorhino - 해마 Organotypic 슬라이스 문화

Ischemic brain injury is among the most common and devastating conditions compromising proper brain function and often leads to persisting functional ...

Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures As a Model to Study Neuroprotection and Invasiveness of Tumor Cells

In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), the morphological and functional characteristics of both neurons and glial cells are well preserved. This model is suitable for addressing different research questions that involve studies on neuroprotection, electrophysiological experiments on neurons, neuronal networks or tumor invasion. The hippocampal architecture and neuronal activity in multisynaptic circuits are well conserved in OHSC, even though the slicing procedure itself initially lesions and leads to formation of a glial scar. The scar formation alters presumably the mechanical properties and diffusive behavior of small molecules, etc. Slices allow the monitoring of time dependent processes after brain injury without animal surgery, and studies on interactions between various brain-derived cell types, namely astrocytes, microglia and neurons under both physiological and pathological conditions. An ambivalent aspect of this model is the absence of blood flow and immune blood cells. During the progression of the neuronal injury, migrating immune cells from the blood play an important role. As those cells are missing in slices, the intrinsic processes in the culture may be observed without external interference. Moreover, in OHSC the composition of the medium-external environment is precisely controlled. A further advantage of this method is the lower number of sacrificed animals compared to standard preparations. Several OHSC can be obtained from one animal making simultaneous studies with multiple treatments in one animal possible. For these reasons, OHSC are well suited to analyze the effects of new protective therapeutics after tissue damage or during tumor invasion. 
The protocol presented here describes a preparation method of OHSC that allows generating highly reproducible, well preserved slices that can be used for a variety of experimental research, like neuroprotection or tumor invasion studies.

Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC) represent an in vitro model that simulates the in vivo situation very well. Here we describe a vibratome-based improved slicing protocol to obtain high quality slices for use in assessing the neuroprotective potential of novel substances or the biological behavior of tumor cells.

Organotypic Hippocampal 슬라이스 문화 연구 Neuroprotection 및 종양 세포의 침입을 모델로

In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSC), the morphological and functional characteristics of both neurons and glial cells are well preserved. ...