Name: mechanical vessel injury in zebrafish embryos
Uploaded: 2015-02-17T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 38 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Drs. Stephen Wilson and Lisa Wilsbacher for helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NIH HL054737.

참고 : 제브라 피쉬를 사용하는 절차는 UCSF의 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회에 의해 승인되었습니다. 도구 1. 준비 <ol><li> 핀 홀더에 특징점 핀을 삽입하고 핀을 고정. </li><li> 좋은 팁 집게를 사용하여 조심스럽게 약간의 훅을 만들기 위해 핀의 끝을 구부리십시오. </li><li> 조작 부상 중에 배아 안정화, 펜치를 이용한 인슐린 주사기에 장착 ½ 인치 28 게이지 바늘 끝을 구부리. </li></ol> 부상에 대한 제브라 피쉬 배아 2. 준비 <ol><li> 제브라 피쉬의 번식 쌍을 설정하고 이전에 (22)과 같이 계란 물 (60ug / mL의 수족관 염)에서 계란을 수집합니다. </li><li> 배아는 약 melanization을 방지하기 위해 8 시간 포스트 수정 (HPF) 때 달걀 물에 0.003 % N-페닐 티오 (PTU)를 추가합니다. </li><li> 좋은 팁 집게를 사용하기 전에 실험에 Dechorionate 이일 포스트 수정 (DPF) 배아. <br/&gt; 참고 : 순환이 시작된 후 태아가 언제 부상을 입을 수 있습니다. 여기에 제시된 데이터는 배아 DPF 2이지만, 기술이 성공적 5 DPF까지 배아 적용되었다. </li><li> 0.02 % 버퍼링 -3- 아미노 벤조산 (Tricaine) 조작 이전에 약 10 분으로 배아를 마취. </li></ol> 3. 기계 선박 태아의 부상 <ol><li> 전송 피펫을 사용하여 해부 실체 현미경에 우울증 슬라이드에 마취 된 배아를 전송합니다. </li><li> 지배적 인 손으로 배아를 조작 주사기 바늘의 짧은 평평한면을 사용하여, 바늘에서 떨어져 대향 복부 표면과 측면에 위치 배아. </li><li> 팁과 특징점 핀이 비뇨 생식기 개방에 물고기 후방의 복부 표면에 직접 지적 놓습니다. 약간의 각도에서 특징점 핀의 위치를 같은 곡선 팁은 꼬리 정맥 (그림 1 &lt;에 직접 주피 관통 할 수 있는지/ strong&gt;을). </li><li> 배아를 조작 주사기 바늘을 이용하여 정맥 내로 약간 핀 후크 핀에 배아를 두드려 특징점 핀 꼬리 정맥을 관통. </li><li> 주사기 바늘을 이용하여 용기 내의 작은 눈물을 만들 떨어진 특징점 핀으로부터 배아를 당긴다. 주 : 성공적인 부상 정맥에서 즉시 출혈이 발생합니다. </li></ol> 지혈 4. 분석 <ol><li> 눈에 띄게이 절차 혈액 세포를 순환 만 배아를 선택합니다. </li><li> 즉시 특징점 핀이 용기로부터 인출 될 때 타이머를 시작하도록 준비한다. </li><li> 즉시 출혈량 상처 시각화 될 수 타이머를 시작. 상처에서 출혈이 중단되면, 타이머를 중지하고 출혈 시간으로 총 시간을 기록한다. 응고 억제하면 더 이상 가시적 순환 혈액 세포가 없을 때까지의 시간을 기록한다. </li></ol> 상처 치유 5. 분석 <ol><li> 전송 POS현미경 유리 바닥 이미징 요리 상 t-부상 동물. </li><li> 계란 물의 대부분을 제거합니다. </li><li> ºC (42) 사이에 45로 가열하고 0.02 % Tricaine 보충 아가로 오스 계란 물에 용해 0.3-1.2 % 저 융점의 배아를 커버. </li><li> 집게를 사용하여 자신의 양쪽에 위치 배아. </li><li> 아가로 오스의 온도가 내려 가면, 달걀 물에 0.02 %의 Tricaine와 접시를 채운다. </li><li> 시야, 표면 형광 또는 공 초점 현미경을 사용하여 이미지를 획득. </li><li> 집게를 사용하여 아가로 오스에서 배아를 제거하고 달걀 물로 다시 전송합니다. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

지브라 피쉬 10 부상 레이저 부상 13-15, 레이저 유발 혈전증 (16), 및 상피의 상처를 포함한 다양한 유형의 모델로서 성공적으로 사용되어왔다. 우리는 실행할 간단하며 실시간 현미경에 매우 의무가 생체 내 모델에서 부상 제어 기계적 상처를 생성하는 방법을보고한다. 신속한 지혈하고 측정 응답 및 비디오와 t​​imelapse에 현미경을 사용하여 모니터링 할 수 재현성...

Zebrafish have been used extensively to study a variety of topics in vascular biology, including vascular development, angiogenesis, and hematopoietic development and pathology1-3. Embryos develop a functional circulation as well as leukocytes and other components of the innate immune system by 1 day post fertilization (dpf) 1,4,5. The conservation of the inflammatory and leukocyte response to injury has made the zebrafish embryo an informative model for such diverse inflammatory processes as tuberculous infection, enterocolitis, and tissue regeneration6-9. Zebrafish embryos have been used to study injury-related inflammation particularly in the context of epithelial wounding and the neutrophil response10,11. Injury to the embryo results in a highly conserved cellular response from cells at the injury site and the innate immune cells recruited to respond to the injury and regulate its resolution11,12. Other injury models have used focused laser pulses to spatially localize injury to specific cell types including neurons, muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes13-15. 
Zebrafish embryos have been used as a model to study hemostasis and thrombosis in conditions of pharmacological and genetic manipulation, using both mechanical and laser-induced thrombus formation16-19. Components of the coagulation cascade appear to be well-conserved and transgenics have allowed for detailed studies of thrombocyte and fibrin deposition at the site of coagulation17,20,21. The procedure presented in this paper complements these methods by providing a system for studying mechanical vessel injury resulting in vessel breach, thrombus formation and resolution, and vessel repair.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Minutia Pins</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>26002-10</td><td>Tip diameter 0.0125 mm, rod diameter 0.1 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Pin Holder</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>26016-12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 Fine Tip Forceps</td><td>Fine Science Tools</td><td>11254-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass Depression Slide</td><td>Aquatic Eco-Systems</td><td>M30</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Low Melting Agarose</td><td>Lonza&amp;nbsp;</td><td>50081</td><td>Preheated to 42 &amp;ordm; C</td></tr><tr><td>N-Phenylthiourea (PTU)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>P7629</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-aminobenzoic acid (Tricaine)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>E10521</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hirudin</td><td>Sigma Aldrich</td><td>H7016</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass bottom imaging dishes</td><td>Mattek</td><td>P35G-1.5-14-C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>SZH10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescence microscope</td><td>Zeiss</td><td>Axio Observer</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aquarium salts</td><td>Instant Ocean</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin syringe with 28.5 G needle</td><td>Becton Dickinson&amp;nbsp;</td><td>329461</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

mechanical vessel injury in zebrafish embryos

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes. External development and optical transparency make these embryos especially amenable to microscopy, and numerous transgenic lines that label specific cell types with fluorescent proteins are available, making the zebrafish embryo an ideal system for visualizing the interaction of vascular, hematopoietic, and other cell types during injury and repair in vivo. Forward and reverse genetics in zebrafish are well developed, and pharmacological manipulation is possible. We describe a mechanical vascular injury model using micromanipulation techniques that exploits several of these features to study responses to vascular injury including hemostasis and blood vessel repair. Using a combination of video and timelapse microscopy, we demonstrate that this method of vascular injury results in measurable and reproducible responses during hemostasis and wound repair. This method provides a system for studying vascular injury and repair in detail in a whole animal model.

기계 혈관 손상은 배아 (- C도 2A), DPF (2) 상에 수행 하였다. 신속하고 신뢰성있는 응집 부상 응답 결과 (도 2D)를 출혈 중단 시간에 의해 측정. 응고 반응의 차이를 측정 할 수 있는지 여부를 결정하기 위해, 항응고제 히 루딘은 (대 직전 (5-10 NL을 물에 용해 히 루딘 μL 당 1 단위)을 상처에 퀴비에의 덕트 내로 주입하여 배아 투여했다 퀴비에의 덕트에 주사의 데모는, 이전 조?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos

This article describes a method for creating a mechanical vessel injury in zebrafish embryos. This injury model provides a platform for studying hemostasis, injury-related inflammation, and wound healing in an organism ideally suited for real-time microscopy.

Zebrafish의 태아에서 기계 선박 부상

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes.  External development ...

mechanical-vessel-injury-in-zebrafish-embryos

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

7.2K 조회수.  University of California. This article describes a method for creating a mechanical vessel injury in zebrafish embryos. This injury model provides a platform for studying hemostasis, injury-related inflammation, and wound healing in an organism ideally suited for real-time microscopy. 

비디오: Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos

Microbead Implantation in the Zebrafish Embryo

The zebrafish has emerged as a valuable genetic model system for the study of developmental biology and disease. Zebrafish share a high degree of genomic conservation, as well as similarities in cellular, molecular, and physiological processes, with other vertebrates including humans. During early ontogeny, zebrafish embryos are optically transparent, allowing researchers to visualize the dynamics of organogenesis using a simple stereomicroscope. Microbead implantation is a method that enables tissue manipulation through the alteration of factors in local environments. This allows researchers to assay the effects of any number of signaling molecules of interest, such as secreted peptides, at specific spatial and temporal points within the developing embryo. Here, we detail a protocol for how to manipulate and implant beads during early zebrafish development.

The zebrafish is an excellent model system for genetic and developmental studies. Bead implantation is a valuable tissue manipulation technique that can be used to interrogate developmental mechanisms by introducing alterations in local cellular environments. This protocol describes how to perform microbead implantation in the zebrafish embryo.

Zebrafish의 배아에 주입 마이크로 비드

The zebrafish has emerged as a valuable genetic model system for the study of developmental biology and disease. Zebrafish share a high degree of genomic ...

연구

발생학

Induction of Myocardial Infarction in Adult Zebrafish Using Cryoinjury

The mammalian heart is incapable of significant regeneration following an acute injury such as myocardial infarction1. By contrast, urodele amphibians and teleost fish retain a remarkable capacity for cardiac regeneration with little or no scarring throughout life2,3. It is not known why only some non-mammalian vertebrates can recreate a complete organ from remnant tissues4,5. To understand the molecular and cellular differences between regenerative responses in different species, we need to use similar approaches for inducing acute injuries.
In mammals, the most frequently used model to study cardiac repair has been acute ischemia after a ligation of the coronary artery or tissue destruction after cryoinjury6,7. The cardiac regeneration in newts and zebrafish has been predominantly studied after a partial resection of the ventricular apex2,3. Recently, several groups have established the cryoinjury technique in adult zebrafish8-10. This method has a great potential because it allows a comparative discussion of the results obtained from the mammalian and non-mammalian species.
Here, we present a method to induce a reproducible disc-shaped infarct of the zebrafish ventricle by cryoinjury. This injury model is based on rapid freezing-thawing tissue, which results in massive cell death of about 20% of cardiomyocytes of the ventricular wall. First, a small incision was made through the chest with iridectomy scissors to access the heart. The ventricular wall was directly frozen by applying for 23-25 seconds a stainless steel cryoprobe precooled in liquid nitrogen. To stop the freezing of the heart, fish water at room temperature was dropped on the tip of the cryoprobe. The procedure is well tolerated by animals, with a survival rate of 95%.
To characterize the regenerative process, the hearts were collected and fixed at different days after cryoinjury. Subsequently, the specimen were embedded for cryosectioning. The slides with sections were processed for histological analysis, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence. This undertaking enhances our understanding of the factors that are required for the regenerative plasticity in the zebrafish, and provide new insights into the machinery of cardiac regeneration. A conceptual and molecular understanding of heart regeneration in zebrafish will impact both developmental biology and regenerative medicine.

Zebrafish represents a valuable model to study the mechanisms of heart regeneration in vertebrates. Here, we present a protocol for induction of a heart infarct in adult zebrafish using cryoinjury. This method results in massive cell death within 20% of the ventricular wall, similar to that observed in mammalian infarcts.

성인 Zebrafish에서 심근 경색의 유도는 Cryoinjury 사용

The mammalian heart is incapable of significant regeneration following an acute injury such as myocardial infarction1. By contrast, urodele amphibians and ...

의학

Displacement Analysis of Myocardial Mechanical Deformation (DIAMOND) Reveals Segmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Function in Embryonic Zebrafish

Zebrafish are increasingly utilized as a model organism for cardiomyopathies and regeneration. Current methods evaluating cardiac function fail to reliably detect segmental mechanics and are not readily feasible in zebrafish. Here we present a semiautomated, open-source method for the quantitative assessment of four-dimensional (4D) segmental cardiac function: displacement analysis of myocardial mechanical deformation (DIAMOND). Transgenic embryonic zebrafish were imaged in vivo using a light-sheet fluorescence microscopy system with 4D cardiac motion synchronization. Acquired 3D digital hearts were reconstructed at end-systole and end-diastole, and the ventricle was manually segmented into binary datasets. Then, the heart was reoriented and isotropically resampled along the true short axis, and the ventricle was evenly divided into eight portions (I&#8211;VIII) along the short axis. Due to the different resampling planes and matrices at end-systole and end-diastole, a transformation matrix was applied for image registration to restore the original spatial relationship between the resampled systolic and diastolic image matrices. After image registration, the displacement vector of each segment from end-systole to end-diastole was calculated based on the displacement of mass centroids in three dimensions (3D). DIAMOND shows that basal myocardial segments adjacent to the atrioventricular canal undergo the highest mechanical deformation and are the most susceptible to doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury. Overall, DIAMOND provides novel insights into segmental cardiac mechanics in zebrafish embryos beyond traditional ejection fraction (EF) under both physiological and pathological conditions.

Displacement Analysis of Myocardial Mechanical Deformation DIAMOND Reveals Segmental Heterogeneity of Cardiac Function in Embryonic Zebrafish

The goal of this protocol is to detail a novel method for the assessment of segmental cardiac function in embryonic zebrafish under both physiological and pathological conditions.

심근 기계 변형의 변위 분석 (DIAMOND) 배아 제브라피시에 있는 심장 기능의 분할 이질성을 제시합니다

Zebrafish are increasingly utilized as a model organism for cardiomyopathies and regeneration. Current methods evaluating cardiac function fail to ...

Stab Wound Injury of the Zebrafish Adult Telencephalon: A Method to Investigate Vertebrate Brain Neurogenesis and Regeneration

Adult zebrafish have an amazing capacity to regenerate their central nervous system after injury. To investigate the cellular response and the molecular mechanisms involved in zebrafish adult central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and repair, we developed a zebrafish model of adult telencephalic injury.
In this approach, we manually generate an injury by pushing an insulin syringe needle into the zebrafish adult telencephalon. At different post injury days, fish are sacrificed, their brains are dissected out and stained by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization (ISH) with appropriate markers to observe cell proliferation, gliogenesis, and neurogenesis. The contralateral unlesioned hemisphere serves as an internal control. This method combined for example with RNA deep sequencing can help to screen for new genes with a role in zebrafish adult telencephalon neurogenesis, regeneration, and repair.

To shed light on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish adult neurogenesis and regeneration, we developed a protocol for invasive surgery causing mechanical injuries in the zebrafish adult telencephalon and subsequent monitoring of changes in the stabbed hemisphere by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization.

Zebrafish의 성인 Telencephalon의 자상 부상 : 척추 동물의 뇌 신경 발생과 재생을 조사하는 방법

Adult zebrafish have an amazing capacity to regenerate their central nervous system after injury. To investigate the cellular response and the molecular ...

신경과학

A Simple and Effective Transplantation Device for Zebrafish Embryos

Classical embryological manipulations, such as removing cells and transplanting cells within or between embryos, are powerful techniques to study complex developmental processes. Zebrafish embryos are ideally suited for these manipulations since they are easily accessible, relatively large in size, and transparent. However, previously developed devices for cell removal and transplantation are cumbersome to use or expensive to purchase. In contrast, the transplantation device presented here is economical, easy to assemble, and simple to use. In this protocol, we first introduce the handling of the transplantation device as well as its assembly from commercially and widely available parts. We then present three applications for its use: generation of ectopic clones to study signal dispersal from localized sources, extirpation of cells to produce size-reduced embryos, and germline transplantation to generate maternal-zygotic mutants. Finally, we show that the tool can also be used for embryological manipulations in other species such as the Japanese rice fish medaka.

Embryological manipulations such as extirpation and transplantation of cells are important tools to study early development. This protocol describes a simple and effective transplantation device to perform these manipulations in zebrafish embryos.

Zebrafish 배아를 위한 간단하고 효과적인 이식 장치

Classical embryological manipulations, such as removing cells and transplanting cells within or between embryos, are powerful techniques to study complex ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>제브라피시 심장의 자성 구슬을 사용한 생체 내 기계형질 도입 연구

Manipulating Mechanical Forces in the Developing Zebrafish Heart Using Magnetic Beads

Mechanical forces continuously provide feedback to heart valve morphogenetic programs. In zebrafish, cardiac valve development relies on heart contraction and physical stimuli generated by the beating heart. Intracardiac hemodynamics, driven by blood flow, emerge as fundamental information shaping the development of the embryonic heart. Here, we describe an effective method to manipulate mechanical forces in vivo by grafting a 30 &#181;m to 60 &#181;m diameter magnetic bead in the cardiac lumen. The insertion of the bead is conducted through microsurgery in anesthetized larvae without perturbing heart function and enables artificial alteration of the boundary conditions, thereby modifying flow forces in the system. As a result, the presence of the bead amplifies the mechanical forces experienced by endocardial cells and can directly trigger mechanical stimulus-dependent calcium influx. This approach facilitates the investigation of mechanotransduction pathways that govern heart development and can provide insights into the role of mechanical forces in cardiac valve morphogenesis.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>저자 스포트라이트: 제브라피시 심장 형성에 관련된 기계적 힘 이해

This protocol outlines a method for grafting a magnetic bead into the developing zebrafish heart through microsurgery, enabling the manipulation of mechanical forces in vivo and triggering mechanical stimulus-dependent calcium influx in endocardial cells.

자성 구슬을 사용하여 발달 중인 제브라피시 심장의 기계적 힘 조작

Mechanical forces continuously provide feedback to heart valve morphogenetic programs. In zebrafish, cardiac valve development relies on heart contraction ...

Laser-inflicted Injury of Zebrafish Embryonic Skeletal Muscle

Various experimental approaches have been used in mouse to induce muscle injury with the aim to study muscle regeneration, including myotoxin injections (bupivacaine, cardiotoxin or notexin), muscle transplantations (denervation-devascularization induced regeneration), intensive exercise, but also murine muscular dystrophy models such as the mdx mouse (for a review of these approaches see 1). In zebrafish, genetic approaches include mutants that exhibit muscular dystrophy phenotypes (such as runzel2 or sapje3) and antisense oligonucleotide morpholinos that block the expression of dystrophy-associated genes4. Besides, chemical approaches are also possible, e.g. with Galanthamine, a chemical compound inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, thereby resulting in hypercontraction, which eventually leads to muscular dystrophy5. However, genetic and pharmacological approaches generally affect all muscles within an individual, whereas the extent of physically inflicted injuries are more easily controlled spatially and temporally1. Localized physical injury allows the assessment of contralateral muscle as an internal control. Indeed, we recently used laser-mediated cell ablation to study skeletal muscle regeneration in the zebrafish embryo6, while another group recently reported the use of a two-photon laser (822 nm) to damage very locally the plasma membrane of individual embryonic zebrafish muscle cells7.
Here, we report a method for using the micropoint laser (Andor Technology) for skeletal muscle cell injury in the zebrafish embryo. The micropoint laser is a high energy laser which is suitable for targeted cell ablation at a wavelength of 435 nm. The laser is connected to a microscope (in our setup, an optical microscope from Zeiss) in such a way that the microscope can be used at the same time for focusing the laser light onto the sample and for visualizing the effects of the wounding (brightfield or fluorescence). The parameters for controlling laser pulses include wavelength, intensity, and number of pulses.
Due to its transparency and external embryonic development, the zebrafish embryo is highly amenable for both laser-induced injury and for studying the subsequent recovery. Between 1 and 2 days post-fertilization, somitic skeletal muscle cells progressively undergo maturation from anterior to posterior due to the progression of somitogenesis from the trunk to the tail8, 9. At these stages, embryos spontaneously twitch and initiate swimming. The zebrafish has recently been recognized as an important vertebrate model organism for the study of tissue regeneration, as many types of tissues (cardiac, neuronal, vascular etc.) can be regenerated after injury in the adult zebrafish10, 11.

The method presented here comprises the precise injury of live zebrafish embryos with high-energy laser pulses and the subsequent analysis of these injuries and their recovery with time. We also show how genetically labeled single or groups of skeletal muscle cells can be tracked during and after laser light induced damage.

Zebrafish 배아 골격근의 레이저 쏜 부상

Various experimental approaches have been used in mouse to induce muscle injury with the aim to study muscle regeneration, including myotoxin injections ...

생물학

Imaging and 3D Reconstruction of Cerebrovascular Structures in Embryonic Zebrafish

Zebrafish are a powerful tool to study developmental biology and pathology in vivo. The small size and relative transparency of zebrafish embryos make them particularly useful for the visual examination of processes such as heart and vascular development. In several recent studies transgenic zebrafish that express EGFP in vascular endothelial cells were used to image and analyze complex vascular networks in the brain and retina, using confocal microscopy. Descriptions are provided to prepare, treat and image zebrafish embryos that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), and then generate comprehensive 3D renderings of the cerebrovascular system. Protocols include the treatment of embryos, confocal imaging, and fixation protocols that preserve EGFP fluorescence. Further, useful tips on obtaining high-quality images of cerebrovascular structures, such as removal the eye without damaging nearby neural tissue are provided. Potential pitfalls with confocal imaging are discussed, along with the steps necessary to generate 3D reconstructions from confocal image stacks using freely available open source software.

Imaging of cerebrovascular development in larval zebrafish is described. Techniques to facilitate 3D imaging and modify cerebrovascular development using chemical treatments are also provided.

이미징 및 배아 제브라 피쉬의 뇌 혈관 구조의 3 차원 재구성

Zebrafish are a powerful tool to study developmental biology and pathology in vivo.  The small size and relative transparency of zebrafish embryos make ...

Zebrafish의 태아에서 기계 선박 부상

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

Zebrafish의 배아에 주입 마이크로 비드

성인 Zebrafish에서 심근 경색의 유도는 Cryoinjury 사용

심근 기계 변형의 변위 분석 (DIAMOND) 배아 제브라피시에 있는 심장 기능의 분할 이질성을 제시합니다

Zebrafish의 성인 Telencephalon의 자상 부상 : 척추 동물의 뇌 신경 발생과 재생을 조사하는 방법

Zebrafish 배아를 위한 간단하고 효과적인 이식 장치

자성 구슬을 사용하여 발달 중인 제브라피시 심장의 기계적 힘 조작

자성 구슬을 사용하여 발달 중인 제브라피시 심장의 기계적 힘 조작

자성 구슬을 사용하여 발달 중인 제브라피시 심장의 기계적 힘 조작

Zebrafish 배아 골격근의 레이저 쏜 부상

이미징 및 배아 제브라 피쉬의 뇌 혈관 구조의 3 차원 재구성