AP is grateful to Imperial College London for a PhD studentship via the Frankland Chair endowment. Johnson Matthey plc are also thanked for the loan of the precious metal salts used in this work.

참고 : 흄 후드에서 모든 합성을 수행, 단지 적절한 안전 문제가 확인되었습니다하고 조치들을 방지하기 위해 촬영 후. 개인 보호 장비는 실험실 코트, 장갑과 보안경을 포함하고 항상 착용해야합니다. N, N 1. 합성, N 트리스 (diphenylphosphinomethylene) 아민, N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3 (N -triphos 박사) (1) <ol><li> (200)는 오븐 건조 ml의 슈 렝크 플라스크 이중 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 라인에 3 개의 연속 진공 질소 사이클을 질소 하에서 디 페닐 (하이드 록시 메틸렌) 포스 염화 (11) (6.99 g, 24.7 mmol)을과 장소를 추가합니다. </li><li> hydroxymethene에 포스 포늄 클로라이드 염으로 전환을 위해 1 시간 동안 실온에서 탈기 된 메탄올 (30 ㎖) 및 트리 에틸 아민 (9.5 ㎖, 68.1 밀리몰)를 첨가하고, 교반한다. 이어서, 메탄올 (2 M, 4.1 ㎖, 8.2 밀리몰)를 탈기 된 암모니아 용액을 첨가. </li><li> 환류하에 2 시간 동안 반응 혼합물을 가열되는 동안 리간드 백색 고체로서 침전된다. </li><li> N -triphos 박사 리간드 최적 순도 단시간 위에 공기에서 산화에 안정하지만, 질소 하에서 캐뉼라 여과 (26)을 통해 용매를 제거하고, 분석적으로 순수한 생성물을 수득 탈기 된 메탄올 (3 × 10 ㎖)로 세정 하고, 질소 분위기하에 저장한다. </li></ol> 2. 합성의 Ru (CO) 2 {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P] (2) <ol><li> (200) 오븐 건조 ㎖로 쉬 렌크 플라스크에, 세 개의 연속 진공 질소 사이클을 질소 하에서 N -Triphos 박사 (1.0 g, 1.63 mmol)을 [의 Ru 3 (CO) 12] (347 ㎎, 0.54 mmol)을 첨가하고, 장소를 추가 이중 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 라인. </li><li> 건조, 탈기 톨루엔 30 ML을 추가하고 12 시간 동안 환류 혼합물을 가지고. </li><li> 이 12 시간 환류 한 후, 두 번째 쉬 렌크 플라스크에 캐 뉼러를 통해 솔루션을 필터링반응 과정 중에 형성 금속 루테늄의 소량을 제거합니다. </li><li> 단지의 침전을 유도하기 위해, 트랩을 냉각 액체 질소가 장착 된 듀얼 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 줄을 사용하여 진공 상태에서 약 10 ml의 용매의 양을 줄일 수 있습니다. </li><li> 완전한 재용가 발생할 때까지 오일 욕에서 부드럽게 (80-90 °의 C)를 가열하여 침전물을 재결정하고, 쉴 렌크 플라스크를 오일 욕으로부터 열을 제거하지만, 허용함으로써 RT 후속의 서냉은 잠긴 상태로 유지. 주황색 고체 결정 성을 제공하는 O / N을 남겨주세요. </li><li> 다른 오븐 상등액 캐뉼라 여과를 통해 X 선 회절에 적합한 주황색 결정이 쉬 렌크 플라스크를 건조 격리. 다음에, 진공 O / N에서 건조하고, 탈기 톨루엔 (2 X 5 mL)과 함께 건조 된 결정을 헹군다. 별도의 슈 렝크 플라스크에 결합 된 상층 액과 세척액을 저장합니다. </li><li> 결합 된 상층 액과 세척 용액에서 결정의 두 번째 배치를 구합니다단계 2.5 및 2.6과 유사한 방법에 의해 재결정 S 반응의 전체 수율을 향상시킬 수있다. </li><li> 공기에 노출이 산화 된 탄산 복잡한 느린 변환에 이르게으로 질소에서 복잡한 저장 (아래 참조). </li></ol> 3. 합성의 Ru (CO 3) (CO) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P] (3) <ol><li> 200㎖의 쉬 렝크 플라스크에 부분적으로 용해 된 오렌지색 현탁액을 생성하기 위해 2 (280 ㎎, 0.364 mmol) 및 톨루엔 5 mL를 추가한다. </li><li> 10 분 동안 반응 혼합물을 통해 초당 2-3 방울의 속도로 상기 현탁액과 기포 산소로 산소 벌룬에 부착 된 바늘을 삽입한다. </li><li> 오렌지색 침전물이 형성됨으로, 공기에서 여과하여 수집하고 공기 중에서 안정 자유 유동 오렌지색 분말을 수득 진공에서 톨루엔 (2 X 5 mL) 및 디 에틸 에테르 (2 × 5 ml) 및 건조로 세척 하였다. </li><li> X 선 diffr 적합한 결정을 성장하기 위해서는동작은 천천히 유리 병의 측면을 실행하려면이 용매를 허용하여 위에 유리 병 및 레이어 3 ㎖ 톨루엔 3 ㎖ 디클로로 메탄 (3) 100 mg을 용해. <ol><li> 결정을 취득하기 위해서이 O / N을 남겨주세요. 상등액을 경사 분리하고, 톨루엔 (2 × 3 mL) 및 디 에틸 에테르 (2 × 3 ml)로 세척하여 결정을 분리. 이중 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 라인에 진공 건조. </li></ol></li></ol> 4. 합성의 Ru (H) 2 (CO) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P] (4) <ol><li> 건조 20ml에 3 (763 ㎎, 0.953 밀리몰)의 용액을 준비 THF를 탈기시키고 질소의 양압 (0.2 바)하에 100 ㎖ 오토 클레이브 엔지니어 고압 반응기를 주입. </li><li> 100 % 수소 원자로 헤드 스페이스 가스를 변경하고 2 시간 동안 교반하면서 100 ° C로 다음, 실온에서 15 줄에 열을 가압. 주의! 모든 안전 절차를 확인 높은 사용하는 경우에 부착 된압력 시스템! </li><li> RT로 냉각시킨 후, 조심스럽게 반응기 헤드 스페이스에 과량의 수소 기체를 배기하고 질소로 변경. </li><li> 질소하에 100 ㎖ 쉬 렌크 플라스크에, 반응 용액을 전송하고, 캐 뉼러를 통해 이중 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 라인 필터의 재접속 후에 건조 20 ㎖로 희석시키고, 메탄올 탈기. </li><li> 액체 질소 장착 이중 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 라인을 사용하여, 진공하에 용매를 제거는 오렌지색 분말을 수득 트랩을 냉각시켰다. 건조, 탈기 된 메탄올 (3 × 5 ml) 및 건조하여 오렌지색 분말이 세탁, 디 에틸 에테르 (3 × 5 ㎖) 건조시키고, 진공에서 탈기. </li><li> X 선 회절 분석에 적합한 결정을 O 성장 / N의 건조 등 체적 량 계층화 (4)의 건조 포화 탈기 톨루엔 용액으로부터 메탄올을 탈기. </li><li> 질소에서 복잡한을 저장합니다. </li></ol> RUH 2 (CO) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P [5. 반응(4) NH 4 PF (6)과 레 불린 산으로 <ol><li> 건조 2ml의 4의 용액 (48.4 ㎎, 65.2 μmol)을 준비, 오븐에서 톨루엔을 쉴 렌크 플라스크를 건조시키고, (아세토 니트릴 (65.0 μmol, 10.6 mg)을 NH 4 PF (6)의 교반 용액에 주사기를 통해 추가 2 탈기 ml)에 별도의 오븐에서 쉬 렌크 플라스크를 건조. </li><li> 2 시간 동안 실온에서 반응 혼합물을 교반한다. 이후, (착체 중간체 [RUH (CO) (의 MeCN) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P]를 수득 트랩을 액체 질소 장착 이중 매니 폴드 쉬 렌크 라인을 냉각 된 사용, 용매를 진공하에 제거하여 5). </li><li> 건조로 세척, 갈색 분말로서 복소 5를 분리 진공에서 헥산 (3 x 3 mL) 및 무수 탈기. </li><li> (5) 0.5 ml의 용액에 아세톤 - 탈기 D (6)의 0.5 ml의 (93.0 μmol, 1.43 당량. 10.8 ㎎)을 레 불린 산을 추가 아세톤 D-6 탈기. 사용하여 2 분 동안 반응 혼합물을 교반소용돌이 교반기. </li><li> 기록 1 H 30 P {1} H 반응 16 시간 반응을 관찰하기위한 모든 시간의 NMR 스펙트럼. (27) </li></ol>

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A. 206 (1-2), 185-192 (2003).</li><li>Wesselbaum, S., vom Stein, T., Klankermayer, J., Leitner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogenation+of+Carbon+Dioxide+to+Methanol+by+Using+a+Homogeneous+Ruthenium&#8211;Phosphine+Catalyst.">Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol by Using a Homogeneous Ruthenium&#8211;Phosphine Catalyst.</a> Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 51 (30), 7499-7502 (2012).</li><li>Fillol, J. L., Kruckenberg, A., Scherl, P., Wadepohl, H., Gade, L. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stitching+Phospholanes+Together+Piece+by+Piece:+New+Modular+Di-+and+Tridentate+Stereodirecting+Ligands.">Stitching Phospholanes Together Piece by Piece: New Modular Di- and Tridentate Stereodirecting Ligands.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 17 (50), 14047-14062 (2011).</li><li>Rodr&#237;guez, L. -. I., Roth, T., Fillol, J. L., Wadepohl, H., Gade, L. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+More+Gold&#8211;The+More+Enantioselective:+Cyclohydroaminations+of+&#947;-Allenyl+Sulfonamides+with+Mono+Bis-,+and+Trisphospholane+Gold(I)+Catalysts.">The More Gold&#8211;The More Enantioselective: Cyclohydroaminations of &#947;-Allenyl Sulfonamides with Mono Bis-, and Trisphospholane Gold(I) Catalysts.</a> Chem. Eur. J. 18 (12), 3721-3728 (2012).</li><li>Scherl, P., Wadepohl, H., Gade, L. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogenation+and+Silylation+of+a+Double-Cyclometalated+Ruthenium+Complex:+Structures+and+Dynamic+Behavior+of+Hydrido+and+Hydridosilicate+Ruthenium+Complexes.">Hydrogenation and Silylation of a Double-Cyclometalated Ruthenium Complex: Structures and Dynamic Behavior of Hydrido and Hydridosilicate Ruthenium Complexes.</a> Organometallics. 32 (15), 4409-4415 (2013).</li><li>Bennett, B. K., Richmond, T. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inexpensive,+Disposable+Cannula+Filtration+Device.">An Inexpensive, Disposable Cannula Filtration Device.</a> J. Chem. Educ. 75 (8), 1034 (1998).</li><li>Judd, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proton+NMR+Basics.">Proton NMR Basics.</a> J. Chem. Educ. 72 (8), 706 (1995).</li><li>Rhodes, L. F., Venanzi, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ruthenium(II)-Assisted+Borohydride+Reduction+of+Acetonitrile.">Ruthenium(II)-Assisted Borohydride Reduction of Acetonitrile.</a> Inorg. Chem. 26 (16), 2692-2695 (1987).</li><li>Bakhmutov, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In-depth+NMR+and+IR+study+of+the+proton+transfer+equilibrium+between+[{MeC(CH2PPh2)3}Ru(CO)H2]+and+hexafluoroisopropanol.">In-depth NMR and IR study of the proton transfer equilibrium between [{MeC(CH2PPh2)3}Ru(CO)H2] and hexafluoroisopropanol.</a> Can. J. Chem. 79, 479-489 (2001).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

여기서 우리는 세자리 포스 핀 리간드의 합성 및 루테늄 착체의 효율적인 합성을위한 일련의 과정을 설명 하였다. N -triphos 박사 리간드 (1)을 용이하게 최소한의 워크 - 업 과정과 고 수율로 제조 할 수있다. 이러한 유형의 리간드를 합성하는 데 사용이 인계 니히 반응은 매우 일반적이며, P-R-원자에 상이한기를 갖는 다른 유도체 리간드에 사용될 수있다. 10-12,15-18</su...

루테늄 포스 계 복합체는 가장 널리 연구 및 화학적 다목적 분자량 촉매의 일부이다. 1-9는 일반적으로 루테늄 촉매 복합체의 전자 sterics, 형상 및 용해도를 지시 모노 - 또는 바이 덴 테이트 리간드를 포함하고있는 뿌리깊은 촉매 활성에 미치는 영향. 그들은 금속 중심 인 여러 도너의 더 큰 효과로 인해 킬레이트 금속 중심에 더 큰 안정성을 부여하는 것으로 알려진대로 다 자리 포스 시스템은 널리 이하, 촉매 작용을 위해 연구되었다. 이러한 안정화 촉매의 무결성을 보장 유리할 수있다 가혹한 반응 조건 (높은 온도와 압력) 같은 리간드의 복잡한 안정화 특성에 따라, 그러나, 촉매에 대한 바람직하지 않을 수 있습니다. 우리 10-12 및 13-18 등이 복잡한 얼굴 COOR 안정성을 부여하기위한 하나의 이러한 조사 하였다 다 자리 포스 핀 리간드 시스템dination 형상은 세 포스 아암이 잠재적 세자리 리간드를 형성 혀끝 브리징 질소 원자에 부착되는 소위 N -triphos 리간드 시리즈이다. 이들 특정 리간드에 주요 특징 중 하나는, 따라서, 그들이 기반 인 쉽게 구할 차 포스 발 니히 반응 (도 1)을 통해 합성 될 수 있다는 것을 용이 한 방법이다 높은 수율로 보통 제조 할 수있는 R-기의 다양한 포스 최소한의 작업 위로. 이 방법의 전반적인 목표는 다음 촉매 응용 프로그램에 액세스 할 수 있습니다 N -triphos 리간드를 갖춘 디 하이드 단지를 루테늄있는 손쉬운 경로를 제공하는 것이다. 최근, RU-triphos 계 복합체는 레 불린 산, 19, 20 11, 21 바이오 에스테르 및 높은 가치 화학 이산화탄소 22 바이오 매스 유래 제품의 수소화 반응을위한 촉매로서 주목 받고있다. 유리할 것이다로, 또는 이미 그들은 같은 N -triphos 리간드로, 액세스 합성 쉽게 특히,보고 시스템보다 더 적극적 중 하나입니다 RU-triphos 파생 상품의 범위를 확장합니다. 대부분의 연구 탄소 중심의 아날로그은 일반적으로 상대적으로 낮은 합성을 앓고 및 준비 적응력 쉽게 N -triphos 리간드는 달리, 높은 공기에 민감한 금속 붕소 시약을 포함한다. 10-18 N -triphos 리간드는 몰리브덴, 텅스텐, 루테늄, 로듐 및 금 단지 9 개의 출판물에서보고 된로, 상대적으로 과소 조사 남아있다. 이 독특한 화합물의 큰 숫자와 함께 각각 50과 900의 기사가되는 붕소 및 탄소 중심의 유사체, 완전히 대조적이다. 우리 같은 프로 키랄 올레핀 (23)의 비대칭 촉매 수소화에 그럼에도 불구하고, 단지를 포함하는 N의 -triphos 찾은 응용 프로그램LL N의 비대칭 cyclohydroamination는 γ-알레 닐 설폰 아미드를 -protected. (24) 또한, 부분 조정 phospholane를 특징으로 부피가 큰 N -triphos 리간드에 의해 조정 루테늄 착체는 실란, 유기 규소 화학의 발전에 중요한 단계를 활성화하는 것으로 확인되었다. (25) 촉매의 지속적인 연구 프로그램의 일환으로, 우리는 루테늄 N -triphos 박사의 precatalysts의 범위를 준비하고 자신의 화학 양 론적 반응과 촉매 가능성을 조사하기 위해 노력했다. N -triphos 박사가 처음 25 년 전에보고 된 몰리브덴 단지, 자신의 응용 프로그램에도 불구하고 촉매하거나 조사하지 않았습니다. 이 작품은 일반적으로 저개발에도 불구하고, 복잡한 안정성 많은 바람직한 특징을 가지고 N -triphos 발판의 적용 가능성을 보여줍니다. 여기에서 우리는 합성 경로 및 특성의에보고촉매 수소화 반응에 응용 프로그램을 찾을 수 있습니다 루테늄 N -triphos 박사 단지의 시리즈.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Methanol</td><td></td><td></td><td>Obtained from in-house solvent purification system: Innovative Technology, inc &quot;pure solv&quot; drying tower. Stored in ampules over activated molecular sieves under nitrogen.</td></tr><tr><td>Toluene</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethyl Ether</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tetrahydrofuran (THF)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>d&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;-Acetone</td><td>VWR</td><td>VWRC87152.0011</td><td>Store in fridge</td></tr><tr><td>Triethylamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>TO886-1L</td><td>Distilled and stored over activated molecular sieves under N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>2 M Ammonia solution in methanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>341428-100ML</td><td>Solution comes in a &quot;Sure-Seal&quot; bottle</td></tr><tr><td>NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;PF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>216593-5G</td><td>Store in desiccator</td></tr><tr><td>Levulinic Acid</td><td>Acros Organics</td><td>125142500</td><td>Solid but melts close to room temperature</td></tr><tr><td>3 &amp;Aring; Molecular sieves</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>LO5359</td><td>Activate by heating over night under vacuum</td></tr><tr><td>Schlenk flasks</td><td>GPE</td><td>Custom design</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dual-manifold Schlenk line</td><td>GPE</td><td>Custom design</td><td>Dual-manifold of i) N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; that has been passed through a silica drying column and ii) vacuum.</td></tr><tr><td>Rotary vacuum pump</td><td>Edwards</td><td>RV3 A652-01-903</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 ml Autoclave Engineer&#039;s high pressure reactor</td><td>Autoclave Engineer</td><td>Custon design</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Vortex Stirrer</td><td>VWR</td><td>444-1378</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of a series of ruthenium n-triphosph complexes

여기서 우리는 질소 대기 하에서 메탄올 중 암모니아와 hydroxylmethylene 포스 전구체의 인계 니히 반응을 통해 세자리 포스 핀 리간드 N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3 (N -triphos 박사) (1)의 합성을보고한다. N -triphos 박사 리간드 환류의 약 1 시간 후 상기 용액으로부터 석출 질소하에 캐뉼라 여과 간단한 절차를 통해 분석적으로 순수 분리 할 수있다. 환류 [의 Ru 3 (CO) 12]과 N -triphos 박사 리간드의 반응은 리간드 복합체에 CO 가스의 진화를 보여 깊은 붉은 솔루션을 제공한다. 복잡한 [의 Ru (CO) 2 {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P] (2) 실온으로 냉각에 고립 된 오렌지 결정. P 31} {1 H NMR 스펙트럼은 더 낮은 주파수에서 단일 피크 특성을 보였다자유 리간드에 비해. 산소와의 복합체 (2)의 톨루엔 용액의 반응은 탄산 착체 [Ru로 (CO 3) (CO) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P]의 순시 침전 결과 (3) 공기 안정로서 고체 오렌지. 고압 반응기에서의 수소 3~15 하에서 바이어서 수소화 디히 착체 [RUH 2 (CO) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P (4), 완전히 X으로 특성화되었다 준 γ 선 결정학 및 NMR 스펙트럼에 의해 행 하였다. 단지 3 및도 4는 잠재적으로 레 불린 산 (LA) 등의 바이오 매스 유래의 제품을 포함하는 수소화 반응의 범위에 유용한 촉매 전구체이다. 단지 4 깔끔하게 NH 4 PF 6 - ({N을 [Ru로 수득 (CO) 양성자 공급원 첨가제의 존재하에 반응 LA였다CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P {CH 3 CO (CH 2) 2 CO 2 H} -κ 2 O] (PF 6) (6).

N -triphos 박사 리간드 (1) 및 루테늄 착체 시리즈 :의 Ru (CO) 2 {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P (2), [Ru로 (CO 3) (CO) {N (CH 2 PPH 2) 3} -κ 3 P] (3) [Ru로 (H) 2 (CO) {N (PPH 2 CH 2) 3} -κ 3 P] (4) 1 H를 통해 특징으로하고, 13 C {...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes at JoVE.com

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

루테늄 포스 핀 복합체는 널리 균질 촉매 수소화 반응에 사용된다. N -triphos 리간드 N (CH 2 PPH 2) (3)을 담지 세자리 신규 한 루테늄 착물의 시리즈의 합성이보고되어있다. 또한, 레 불린 산 디히 Ru- N -triphos 착체의 화학 양 론적 반응을 설명한다.

루테늄의 시리즈의 합성, 특성 및 반응성<em&gt; N</em&gt; -triphos<sup&gt; 박사</sup&gt; 단지

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the ...

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

12.1K 조회수.  Imperial College London.  루테늄 포스 핀 복합체는 널리 균질 촉매 수소화 반응에 사용된다. N -triphos 리간드 N (CH 2 PPH 2) (3)을 담지 세자리 신규 한 루테늄 착물의 시리즈의 합성이보고되어있다. 또한, 레 불린 산 디히 Ru- N -triphos 착체의 화학 양 론적 반응을 설명한다. 

비디오: The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Dichloro-bis(aminophosphine) complexes of palladium with the general formula of [(P{(NC5H10)3-n(C6H11)n})2Pd(Cl)2] (where n = 0-2), belong to a new family of easy accessible, very cheap, and air stable, but highly active and universally applicable C-C cross-coupling catalysts with an excellent functional group tolerance. Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium [(P(NC5H10)3)2Pd(Cl)2] (1), the least stable complex within this series towards protons; e.g. in the form of water, allows an eased nanoparticle formation and hence, proved to be the most active Heck catalyst within this series at 100 &#176;C and is a very rare example of an effective and versatile catalyst system that efficiently operates under mild reaction conditions. Rapid and complete catalyst degradation under work-up conditions into phosphonates, piperidinium salts and other, palladium-containing decomposition products assure an easy separation of the coupling products from catalyst and ligands. The facile, cheap, and rapid synthesis of 1,1',1"-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine and 1 respectively, the simple and convenient use as well as its excellent catalytic performance in the Heck reaction at 100 &#176;C make 1 to one of the most attractive and greenest Heck catalysts available.
We provide here the visualized protocols for the ligand and catalyst syntheses as well as the reaction protocol for Heck reactions performed at 10 mmol scale at 100 &#176;C and show that this catalyst is suitable for its use in organic syntheses.

Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-phosphinetriyltripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium [(P(NC5H10)3)2Pd(Cl)2] (1) is an easy accessible, cheap, and air stable, but highly active Heck catalyst with an excellent functional group tolerance that efficiently operates under mild reaction conditions to give the coupling products in very high yields.

온화한 반응 조건 하에서 팔라듐 - 디클로로 {비스 [(phosphinetriyl) tripiperidine 1,1 &#39;, 1 &#39;&#39;]} 의해 촉매 Mizoroki-헥 크로스 커플 링 반응

Dichloro-bis(aminophosphine) complexes of palladium with the general formula of [(P{(NC5H10)3-n(C6H11)n})2Pd(Cl)2] (where n = 0-2), belong to a new family ...

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화학

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. Isonicotinic acid, or its derivatives, are coupled to variable length diaminoalkane chains under an inert atmosphere in anhydrous DMF or DMSO with the use of a weak base, triethylamine, and a coupling agent, 1-propylphosphonic anhydride. The products precipitate from solution upon formation or can be precipitated by the addition of water. If desired, the ligands can be further purified by recrystallization from hot water. Dinuclear platinum complex synthesis using the bispyridine ligands is done in hot water using transplatin. The most informative of the chemical characterization techniques to determine the structure and gross purity of both the bispyridine ligands and the final platinum complexes is 1H NMR with particular analysis of the aromatic region of the spectra (7-9 ppm). The platinum complexes have potential application as anticancer agents and the synthesis method can be modified to produce trinuclear and other multinuclear complexes with different hydrogen bonding functionality in the bridging ligand.

This protocol describes the use of amide coupling reactions of isonicotinic acid and diaminoalkanes to form bridging ligands suitable for use in the synthesis of multinuclear platinum complexes, which combine aspects of the anticancer drugs BBR3464 and picoplatin.

이핵 항암제로 플래티넘 비스 피리딘 계 리간드와 이들 착물의 합성 아미드 커플 링 반응

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. ...

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal&#8211;Organic Complex Array

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as Ru(II), Pt(II), and Rh(III). The compound, named as a water-soluble metal-organic complex array (WSMOCA), is obtained through 1) the conventional solution-chemistry-based preparation of the corresponding metal complex monomers having a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acid moiety and 2) their sequential coupling together with other water-soluble organic building units on the surface-functionalized polymeric resin by following the procedures originally developed for the solid-phase synthesis of polypeptides, with proper modifications. Traces of reactions determined by mass spectrometric analysis at the representative coupling steps in stage 2 confirm the selective construction of a predetermined sequence of metal centers along with the peptide backbone. The WSMOCA cleaved from the resin at the end of stage 2 has a certain level of solubility in aqueous media dependent on the pH value and/or salt content, which is useful for the purification of the compound.

A potential general method for the synthesis of water-soluble multimetallic peptidic arrays containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers is presented.

수용성 유기 금속 복합 어레이의 합성

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of a water-soluble multimetallic peptidic array containing a predetermined sequence of metal centers such as ...

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. Detailed and generalized protocols are also presented for testing the catalytic activity of such complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Representative results are shown for the catalytic activity of the four complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions. For each of the reactions investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction, qualifying them as promising candidates for catalysis of many carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The protocols presented are general enough to be adapted for the synthesis, purification and catalytic activity testing of new palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. The complexes were tested for catalytic activity in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. For each reaction investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction.

보장<em&gt; N</em&gt; - 헤테로 사이 클릭 카벤 착물 : 벤즈 이미 다 졸리움 염으로부터의 합성 및 탄소 - 탄소 결합 형성 반응에서의 촉매 활성

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from ...

Synthesis and Evaluation of a Ruthenium-based Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Inhibitor

We detail the synthesis and purification of a mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, [(OH2)(NH3)4Ru(&#181;-O)Ru(NH3)4(OH2)]5+. The optimized synthesis of this compound commences from [Ru(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 in 1 M NH4OH in a closed container, yielding a green solution. Purification is accomplished with cation-exchange chromatography. This compound is characterized and verified to be pure by UV-vis and IR spectroscopy. The mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitory properties are assessed in permeabilized HeLa cells by fluorescence spectroscopy.

A protocol for the synthesis, purification, and characterization of a ruthenium-based inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uptake is presented. A procedure to evaluate its efficacy in permeabilized mammalian cells is demonstrated.

합성 및 루 테 늄 기반 미토 콘 드리 아 칼슘 통풍 관 억제 물의 평가

We detail the synthesis and purification of a mitochondrial calcium uptake inhibitor, [(OH2)(NH3)4Ru(&#181;-O)Ru(NH3)4(OH2)]5+. The optimized synthesis of ...

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Decomposition of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with rhodium(II) acetate dimer in the presence of alcohols forms synthetically versatile N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides, which react under a variety of conditions to afford useful N- and O-containing compounds. Acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols or thiols to N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide-containing phthalans provides access to ketals and thioketals, respectively. Selective reduction of the vinyl group in N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide-containing phthalans via hydrogenation yields the corresponding phthalan in good yield, whereas reduction with sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminumhydride generates a ring-opened phenethylamine analogue. Because the N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamide functional group is synthetically versatile, but often hydrolytically unstable, this protocol emphasizes key techniques in preparing, handling, and reacting these pivotal substrates in several useful transformations.

Preparation of N-2-alkoxyvinylsulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Representative experimental procedures for the synthesis of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides and subsequent conversion to phthalan and phenethylamine derivatives are presented in detail.

N의 준비-(2-alkoxyvinyl) sulfonamides N-토실기-1,2,3-triazoles 및 후속 변환 대체 Phthalans 및 Phenethylamines에서

Decomposition of N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with rhodium(II) acetate dimer in the presence of alcohols forms synthetically versatile ...

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by Gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles

Chemotherapy often involves broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents with many side effects and limited targeting. Corroles are a class of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles that exhibit differential cytostatic and cytotoxic properties in specific cell lines, depending on the identities of the chelated metal and functional groups. The unique behavior of functionalized corroles towards specific cell lines introduces the possibility of targeted chemotherapy.
Many anticancer drugs are evaluated by their ability to inhibit RNA transcription. Here we present a step-by-step protocol for RNA transcription in the presence of known and potential inhibitors. The evaluation of the RNA products of the transcription reaction by gel electrophoresis and UV-Vis spectroscopy provides information on inhibitive properties of potential anticancer drug candidates and, with modifications to the assay, more about their mechanism of action.
Little is known about the molecular mechanism of action of corrole cytotoxicity. In this experiment, we consider two corrole compounds: gallium(III) 5,10,15-(tris)pentafluorophenylcorrole (Ga(tpfc)) and freebase analogue 5,10,15-(tris)pentafluorophenylcorrole (tpfc). An RNA transcription assay was used to examine the inhibitive properties of the corroles. Five transcription reactions were prepared: DNA treated with Actinomycin D, triptolide, Ga(tpfc), tpfc at a [complex]:[template DNA base] ratio of 0.01, respectively, and an untreated control.
The transcription reactions were analyzed after 4 hr using agarose gel electrophoresis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. There is clear inhibition by Ga(tpfc), Actinomycin D, and triptolide.
This RNA transcription assay can be modified to provide more mechanistic detail by varying the concentrations of the anticancer complex, DNA, or polymerase enzyme, or by incubating the DNA or polymerase with the complexes prior to RNA transcription; these modifications would differentiate between an inhibition mechanism involving the DNA or the enzyme. Adding the complex after RNA transcription can be used to test whether the complexes degrade or hydrolyze the RNA. This assay can also be used to study additional anticancer candidates.

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by GalliumIII and H3 5,10,15-trispentafluorophenylcorroles

Gallium(III) 5,10,15-(tris)pentafluorophenylcorrole and its freebase analogue exhibit low micromolar cell cytotoxicity. This manuscript describes an RNA transcription reaction, imaging RNA with an ethidium bromide-stained gel, and quantifying RNA with UV-Vis spectroscopy, in order to assess transcription inhibition by corroles and demonstrates a straightforward method of evaluating anticancer candidate properties.

<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 효소 분석은 갈륨 (III) 및 H에 의해 전사 억제를 측정하기 위해<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; 5,10,15 트리스 (펜타 플루오로 페닐) corroles

Chemotherapy often involves broad-spectrum cytotoxic agents with many side effects and limited targeting. Corroles are a class of tetrapyrrolic ...

생체공학

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

A highly efficient transition metal catalyst removal method is developed. The water-soluble catalyst contains a newly-designed NHC ligand for the catalyst removal via host-guest interactions. The new NHC ligand possesses an adamantyl (guest) tethered linear ethylene glycol units for hydrophobic inclusion into the cavity of a &#946;-cyclodextrin (&#946;-CD) host compound. The new NHC ligand was applied to a Ru-based olefin metathesis catalyst. The Ru catalyst demonstrated excellent activity in representative ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions in aqueous media as well as organic solvent, CH2Cl2. After the reaction was complete, the lingering Ru residue was removed from the aqueous solution with the efficiency of more than 99% (53 ppm of Ru residue) by simple filtration utilizing a host-guest interaction between insoluble silica-grafted &#946;-CD (host) and the adamantyl moiety (guest) on the catalyst. The new Ru catalyst also demonstrated high removal efficiency via extraction when the reaction is run in organic solvent by partitioning the crude reaction mixture between layers of diethyl ether and water. In this way, the catalyst stays in aqueous layer only. In organic layer, the residual Ru amount was only 0.14 ppm in the RCM reactions of diallyl compounds.

A removable water-soluble N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand in aqueous media via host-guest interaction has been developed. We demonstrated representative olefin metathesis reactions in water as well as in dichloromethane. Via either host-guest interaction or extraction, the residual ruthenium (Ru) catalyst was as low as 0.14 ppm after the reaction.

호스트-게스트 상호 작용을 통해 수성 매체에서 수용 성 루 테 늄 올레 Metathesis 촉매의 다른 유형의 제거

A highly efficient transition metal catalyst removal method is developed. The water-soluble catalyst contains a newly-designed NHC ligand for the catalyst ...

Photogeneration of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Application in Photoinduced Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

We report a method to generate the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) under UV-irradiation at 365 nm to characterize IMes and determine the corresponding photochemical mechanism. Then, we describe a protocol to perform ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in solution and in miniemulsion using this NHC-photogenerating system. To photogenerate IMes, a system comprising 2-isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) as the sensitizer and 1,3-dimesitylimidazolium tetraphenylborate (IMesH+BPh4-) as the protected form of NHC is employed. IMesH+BPh4- can be obtained in a single step by anion exchange between 1,3-dimesitylimidazolium chloride and sodium tetraphenylborate. A real-time steady-state photolysis setup is described, which hints that the photochemical reaction proceeds in two consecutive steps: 1) ITX triplet is photo-reduced by the borate anion and 2) subsequent proton transfer takes place from the imidazolium cation to produce the expected NHC IMes. Two separate characterization protocols are implemented. Firstly, CS2 is added to the reaction media to evidence the photogeneration of NHC through formation of the IMes-CS2 adduct. Secondly, the amount of NHC released in situ is quantified using acid-base titration. The use of this NHC photo-generating system for the ROMP of norbornene is also discussed. In solution, a photopolymerization experiment is conducted by mixing ITX, IMesH+BPh4-, [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 and norbornene in CH2Cl2, then irradiating the solution in a UV reactor. In a dispersed medium, a monomer miniemulsion is first formed then irradiated inside an annular reactor to produce a stable poly(norbornene) latex.

We describe a protocol to photogenerate N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) by UV irradiation of a 2-isopropylthioxanthone/imidazolium tetraphenylborate salt system. Methods to characterize the photoreleased NHC and elucidate the photochemical mechanism are proposed. The protocols for ring-opening metathesis photopolymerization in solution and miniemulsion illustrate the potential of this 2-component NHC photogenerating system.

N-이종 환 식 Carbenes의 Photogeneration: Photoinduced 반지 개통 Metathesis 중 합에 응용

We report a method to generate the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) under UV-irradiation at 365 nm to characterize IMes ...

ARL Spectral Fitting as an Application to Augment Spectral Data via Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis and Color Analysis

The ARL Spectral Fitting application provides a free, publicly accessible, and fully transparent method for performing Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis (FCLSA) on spectral data, in addition to CIE color coordinate determination and basic spectral processing. While some of the features may be found in commercial software or in programs made by&#160;academic research groups, we believe that ARL Spectral Fitting is the only application that possesses all three of the aforementioned attributes.
This program is intended as a standalone, GUI-based application for use by an average laboratory researcher without requiring any coding knowledge or proprietary software. In addition to the standalone executable hosted on ARL GitHub, the associated MATLAB files are available for use and further development.
FCLSA augments the information found in luminescence spectra, providing meaningful insight into the relationship between the ground and excited states of a photoluminescent species. This insight is achieved by modeling spectra with two versions (modes) of an equation that are characterized by either four or six parameters, depending on which mode is used. Once optimized, the value of each of these parameters can be used to gain insight into the molecule, as well as to perform further analysis (for example, the free energy content of the excited-state molecule). This application provides tools for easy by-hand fitting of imported data, as well as two methods for optimizing this fit-damped least-squares fitting, powered by the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and derivative-free fitting utilizing the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Furthermore, estimations of sample color can be performed and reported in CIE and RGB coordinates.

This protocol introduces Franck-Condon Lineshape Analyses (FCLSA) of emission spectra and serves as a tutorial for the use of ARL Spectral Fitting software. The open-source software provides an easy and intuitive way to perform advanced analysis of emission spectra including excited state energy calculations, CIE color coordinate determination, and FCLSA.

프랑크-콘돈 선모양 분석 및 색상 분석을 통해 스펙트럼 데이터를 보강하기 위한 응용 프로그램으로서의 ARL 스펙트럼 피팅

The ARL Spectral Fitting application provides a free, publicly accessible, and fully transparent method for performing Franck-Condon Lineshape Analysis ...

루테늄의 시리즈의 합성, 특성 및 반응성

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