Name: fabrication and operation of a nano-optical conveyor belt
Uploaded: 2015-08-26T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 10 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Professor Yuzuru Takashima at the University of Arizona for discussions on optical imaging, Mr. Karl Urbanek for assistance with high power lasers, and Max Yuen for discussions of Brownian motion. The authors send further thanks to Professor Kenneth Crozier at Harvard University for helpful discussions on optical trapping experiments. Funding was provided in part by the United States National Science Foundation (award number 1028372).

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

NOCB는 기존의 초점 빔 기술에 대한 긴 가능한 입자를 수송하는 강력한 트래핑 힘과 능력을 갖춘 플라즈몬 접근의 작은 함정의 크기를 결합합니다. NOCB 고유 시스템의 트래핑 및 전송 특성은 표면 패터닝의 결과가 아닌 조명 빔을 성형하는. 제공된 조명은 충분히 밝고 편광 또는 파장은, 변조 될 수있는 입자가 파지 표면 상에 복잡한 프로토콜을 이동시킬 수있다. 우리는 NOCB도 신속하게 정렬 자신?...

캡처, 심문 및 단일 나노 입자의 조작은 나노 기술의 중요성을 성장의이다. 광학 핀셋이 될 수 있도록 단일 DNA 분자 (4)과의 기계적 특성의 측정으로 획기적인 실험을 사용하도록 설정 한 분자 생물학 1-4, 5-7 화학 및 나노 조립 7-10에서 실험 특히 성공적인 조작 기술이되었다 그들의 광학 특성 11,12 의한 세포의 선별. 이러한 국경에 발견은 더 작은 시스템의 연구를 열어, 그들은 새로운 실질적으로 유익한 제품과 기술의 엔지니어링에 대한 방법을 확인합니다. 차례로, 이러한 경향은 새로운 기술들이 더 작고 기초 입자를 조작 할 필요가 구동한다. 또한, 의견 생화학 시험을 가지고 위해 더 저렴하고 더 작은 패키지에서 이러한 기능을 수행하기 위해 &#39;랩 온어 칩&#39;장치를 구축 할 수있다 푸시실험실, 의료 및 기타 목적으로 13, 14의 필드에. 불행하게도, 종래의 광 트래핑 (COT)는 나노 기술의 증가하는 요구 사항을 모두 충족 할 수 없습니다. COT 광 강도와 전자계 에너지 구배의 높은 국부 피크를 만드는 단단한 포커스에 레이저 광을 가지고 높은 개구 수 (NA)의 대물 렌즈를 사용하는 메커니즘을 동작한다. 이러한 에너지 밀도 구배는 일반적으로 초점의 중심을 향해 그들을 흡입 광 산란 입자에 힘을가 순. 작은 입자를 트래핑 높은 광 출력 또는 엄격한 초점을 필요로한다. 그러나, 광 빔의 초점이 초점 스폿의 최소 크기를 제한하고, 에너지 밀도 구배에 상한을 둔다 회절 원리 순종. 효율적으로 COT 수없는 함정 작은 물체를하고, 침대는, 트래핑 해상도를 문제 근접한 입자 사이에 차별이이 두 즉각적인 결과가제한은 &#39;지방 손가락&#39;문제로 알려져 있습니다. 또한, COT 여러 입자 트래핑 구현은 급격히 광 트래핑 시스템의 비용과 복잡성을 증가 빔 스티어링 광학 또는 공간 광 변조기들, 시스템 구성 요소를 필요로한다. 종래의 광 집속 빔의 근본적인 한계를 회피하는 하나의 방법은, 파 필드에서, 대신 근접장 광학 전자기 에너지의 기울기를 악용하는 전파했다. 니어 필드는 기하 급수적으로 떨어져 전자기장의 소스는 매우 이러한 소스 지역화뿐만 아니라 것을 의미 붕괴뿐만 아니라 에너지 밀도가 매우 높은 구배를 나타낸다. 이러한 나비 넥타이 구멍, 나노 기둥 및 C 모양의 조각으로 나노 금속 공진기의 근처 필드는 거의 infr에 더 골드와 실버의 플라즈몬 작용에 의해 강화 된 전자기 에너지의 특별한 농도를 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다ared 및 광학 파장. 이러한 공진기는 고효율 및 해상도 15-22에서 매우 작은 입자를 트랩하는데 사용되어왔다. 이 기술은 작은 입자를 포착하는데 효과적 입증되었지만, 그것은 또한 근거리 시스템 원방 시스템 또는 마이크로 유체와 인터페이스 할 경우에 필요한 상당한 범위에 걸쳐 입자를 운반하는 능력에 제한되는 것으로 입증되었다. 최근 우리의 그룹은이 문제에 대한 해결책을 제시하고있다. 공진기가 서로 매우 가까이에 위치하는 경우, 입자는 원칙적으로 표면으로부터 방출되지 않고 다음 한 근접장 광학 트랩에서 마이그레이션 할 수 있습니다. 인접한 트랩 별도로 온 오프 할 수있는 경우에 전송의 방향을 결정할 수있다. 각 공진기는 그 이웃과는 상이한 편광 또는 빛의 파장에 민감되는 세 개 이상의 어드레스 가능한 공진기의 선형 배열은, nanoparti 수송, 광학 컨베이어 벨트로 작동칩에 여러 미크론의 거리에 사이클 사용. 제자리에 입자를 보유 할 수 있지만, 또한 패턴의 트랙을 따라 빠른 속도로 이동할 수 있으며, 수집 또는 입자를 분산뿐만로서 소위 &#39;나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트&#39;(NOCB)는, 플라즈몬 공진 트래핑 기법들 중 고유 혼합을 대기하고, 심지어 자신의 이동성 (23)와 같은 속성별로 정렬. 이들 기능 모두는 빔 스티어링 광학 필요없이, 조명의 편광 또는 파장을 조절함으로써 제어된다. 근접장 광 트랩으로, 해상도를 포착 NOCB 종래 집속 광 빔 트랩보다 높다, 그래서 근접해있는 입자를 구분할 수있다; 그것이 잘 포착에 광을 집중하는 금속 나노 구조물을 사용하기 때문에 전력 효율이며, 이러한 높은 NA 대물 비싼 광학 부품을 필요로하지 않는다. 또한, 많은 NOCBs 높은 패킹 덴에서 병렬로 동작 될 수있다1200 (23)을 통해 개구 SITY는, 동일 기판 상에, 그리고 1 W의 전력을 구동 할 수있다. 우리는 최근에 부드럽게 앞뒤로 4.5 μm의 트랙 (24)를 따라 나노 입자를 추진, 제 1 편광 중심 NOCB을 증명하고있다. 이 문서에서는 광학적 장치를 설계하고 제조하는 데 필요한 단계를 제시하여 활성화하고 상기 전송 실험을 재현. 우리는이 기술이 더 널리 사용할 수 있도록하는 마이크로 유체, 원거리 광학 및 나노 장치 및 실험 사이의 크기의 격차를 해소하는 데 도움이되기를 바랍니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>HSQ e-beam resist</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>XR-1541-006</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PMMA</td><td>MicroChem</td><td>950A2 M230002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fast curing optical adhesive</td><td>Norland Optical Adhesive</td><td>NOA 81</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescent carboxyl microspheres</td><td>Bangs Laboratories</td><td>FC02F, FC03F</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fluorescent carboxylate-modified microspheres</td><td>Molecular Probes</td><td>F-8888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Quartz slide</td><td>SPI Supplies</td><td>1020-AB</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inverted fluorescent microscope</td><td>Nikon</td><td>ECLIPSE TE2000-U</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nd:YAG laser</td><td>Lightwave Electronics</td><td>221-HD-V04</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>sCMOS camera</td><td>PCO</td><td>EDGE55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CCD camera</td><td>Watec</td><td>WAT-120N</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zero-order half-wave plate</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td>WPH05M-1064</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T8787</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Distilled water</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10977-023</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Si Wafer</td><td>Silicon Quest International</td><td>708069</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Optical lenses</td><td>Thorlabs</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication and operation of a nano-optical conveyor belt

작은 입자에 힘을 함정에 초점을 맞춘 레이저 빔을 사용 발휘하는 기술은 지난 몇 년 동안 나노 생물과 물리 과학의 많은 중요한 발견을 가능하게했다. 이 분야에서 진전을보다 쉽게​​ 배포하고 널리 사용할 수 있습니다 도구, 더 작은 시스템의 더 큰 규모의 추가 연구를 초대합니다. 불행히도, 회절의 기본 법칙 트랩하기 어려운 지름이 반 파장보다 작은 입자를 만드는 레이저 빔의 초점 스폿의 최소 크기를 제한하고, 일반적으로 하나의 절반보다 더 가깝게되는 입자 사이에 차별 연산자 방지 -wavelength. 이것은 많은 밀접하게 이격 된 나노 입자의 광학 조작을 배제하고, 광 - 기계 시스템의 해상도를 제한한다. 또한, 집중 빔을 사용하여 조작이 매우 부피가 크고 비용이 많이들 수 있습니다 빔 형성 또는 스티어링 광학 필요합니다. 해결하기 위해종래의 광 트래핑 연구실의 시스템 확장 성에서 제한이 칩을 가로 질러 이동하는 입자를 근접장 광학을 이용하는 대안적인 방법을 고안했다. 대신 원거리에 레이저 빔의 초점을 맞추는, 플라즈몬 공진 근접장 광은 회절의 제한을 극복하고 높은 해상도로 입자를 조작하는 데 필요한 로컬 광 강도 향상을 생성한다. 밀접 간격 공진기는 컨베이어 벨트와 같은 방식으로 다음에 한에서 입자의 핸드 오프를 중재 해결할 수 있습니다 강력한 광학 트랩을 생산하고 있습니다. 여기서는 디자인 플라즈몬 C 형 공진기 및 방법 초해 나노 조작 및 수송을 달성하기 편광 된 레이저 광으로 조작하는 패터닝 금 표면을 이용하여 컨베이어 벨트를 제조하는 방법을 설명한다. 나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트 칩은 리소그래피 기술을 사용하여 제조 및 패키징 쉽게 분산 될 수있다.

도 7은 최종 장치의 그림이다. 1cm X 1cm의 금 표면의 중심에 거의 직각 도면으로부터 알 수있는 CSE 및 반송 패턴,의 행렬이다. (6)는 최종 디바이스에서 예시 CSE 패턴의 주사 전자 현미경 사진이다도. 길이 나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트는 5㎛ 건너 여행 390 nm의 폴리스티렌 비드의 입자 운동은도 9에 도시되어있다. 곡선은 레이저 편?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt at JoVE.com

Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

The scalability and resolution of conventional optical manipulation techniques are limited by diffraction. We circumvent the diffraction limit and describe a method of optically transporting nanoparticles across a chip using a gold surface patterned with a path of closely spaced C-shaped plasmonic resonators.

나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트의 제작 및 운영

The technique of using focused laser beams to trap and exert forces on small particles has enabled many pivotal discoveries in the nanoscale biological ...

fabrication-and-operation-of-a-nano-optical-conveyor-belt

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11.5K 조회수.  Stanford University. The scalability and resolution of conventional optical manipulation techniques are limited by diffraction. We circumvent the diffraction limit and describe a method of optically transporting nanoparticles across a chip using a gold surface patterned with a path of closely spaced C-shaped plasmonic resonators.

비디오: Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

A Method to Fabricate Disconnected Silver Nanostructures in 3D

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating metal patterns on a submicron scale requires a combination of nanofabrication tools and several material processing steps. For example, steps to create planar metal structures using ultraviolet photolithography and electron-beam lithography can include sample exposure, sample development, metal deposition, and metal liftoff. To create 3D metal structures, the sequence is repeated multiple times. The complexity and difficulty of stacking and aligning multiple layers limits practical implementations of 3D metal structuring using standard nanofabrication tools. Femtosecond-laser direct-writing has emerged as a pre-eminent technique for 3D nanofabrication.1,2 Femtosecond lasers are frequently used to create 3D patterns in polymers and glasses.3-7 However, 3D metal direct-writing remains a challenge. Here, we describe a method to fabricate silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm. The method enables the fabrication of patterns not feasible using other techniques, such as 3D arrays of disconnected silver voxels.8 Disconnected 3D metal patterns are useful for metamaterials where unit cells are not in contact with each other,9 such as coupled metal dot10,11or coupled metal rod12,13 resonators. Potential applications include negative index metamaterials, invisibility cloaks, and perfect lenses.
In femtosecond-laser direct-writing, the laser wavelength is chosen such that photons are not linearly absorbed in the target medium. When the laser pulse duration is compressed to the femtosecond time scale and the radiation is tightly focused inside the target, the extremely high intensity induces nonlinear absorption. Multiple photons are absorbed simultaneously to cause electronic transitions that lead to material modification within the focused region. Using this approach, one can form structures in the bulk of a material rather than on its surface.
Most work on 3D direct metal writing has focused on creating self-supported metal structures.14-16 The method described here yields sub-micrometer silver structures that do not need to be self-supported because they are embedded inside a matrix. A doped polymer matrix is prepared using a mixture of silver nitrate (AgNO3), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and water (H2O). Samples are then patterned by irradiation with an 11-MHz femtosecond laser producing 50-fs pulses. During irradiation, photoreduction of silver ions is induced through nonlinear absorption, creating an aggregate of silver nanoparticles in the focal region. Using this approach we create silver patterns embedded in a doped PVP matrix. Adding 3D translation of the sample extends the patterning to three dimensions.

Femtosecond-laser direct-writing is frequently used to create three-dimensional (3D) patterns in polymers and glasses. However, patterning metals in 3D remains a challenge. We describe a method for fabricating silver nanostructures embedded inside a polymer matrix using a femtosecond laser centered at 800 nm.

3D로 연결이 끊긴 실버 Nanostructures를 조작하는 방법

The standard nanofabrication toolkit includes  techniques primarily aimed at creating 2D patterns in dielectric media. Creating  metal patterns on a ...

연구

공학

Optical Trapping of Nanoparticles

Optical trapping is a technique for immobilizing and manipulating small objects in a gentle way using light, and it has been widely applied in trapping and manipulating small biological particles. Ashkin and co-workers first demonstrated optical tweezers using a single focused beam1. The single beam trap can be described accurately using the perturbative gradient force formulation in the case of small Rayleigh regime particles1. In the perturbative regime, the optical power required for trapping a particle scales as the inverse fourth power of the particle size. High optical powers can damage dielectric particles and cause heating. For instance, trapped latex spheres of 109 nm in diameter were destroyed by a 15 mW beam in 25 sec1, which has serious implications for biological matter2,3.
A self-induced back-action (SIBA) optical trapping was proposed to trap 50 nm polystyrene spheres in the non-perturbative regime4. In a non-perturbative regime, even a small particle with little permittivity contrast to the background can influence significantly the ambient electromagnetic field and induce a large optical force. As a particle enters an illuminated aperture, light transmission increases dramatically because of dielectric loading. If the particle attempts to leave the aperture, decreased transmission causes a change in momentum outwards from the hole and, by Newton's Third Law, results in a force on the particle inwards into the hole, trapping the particle. The light transmission can be monitored; hence, the trap can become a sensor. The SIBA trapping technique can be further improved by using a double-nanohole structure.
The double-nanohole structure has been shown to give a strong local field enhancement5,6. Between the two sharp tips of the double-nanohole, a small particle can cause a large change in optical transmission, thereby inducing a large optical force. As a result, smaller nanoparticles can be trapped, such as 12 nm silicate spheres7 and 3.4 nm hydrodynamic radius bovine serum albumin proteins8. In this work, the experimental configuration used for nanoparticle trapping is outlined. First, we detail the assembly of the trapping setup which is based on a Thorlabs Optical Tweezer Kit. Next, we explain the nanofabrication procedure of the double-nanohole in a metal film, the fabrication of the microfluidic chamber and the sample preparation. Finally, we detail the data acquisition procedure and provide typical results for trapping 20 nm polystyrene nanospheres.

The following setup approach details low power optical trapping of dielectric nanoparticles using a double-nanohole in metal film.

나노 입자의 광학 트래핑

Optical trapping is a technique for immobilizing and manipulating small objects in a gentle way using light, and it has been widely applied in trapping ...

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, density and stoichiometry by a proper control of the plasma plume expansion dynamics. Such versatility can be exploited to produce nanostructured films from compact and dense to nanoporous characterized by a hierarchical assembly of nano-sized clusters. In particular we describe the detailed methodology to fabricate two types of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films as transparent electrodes in photovoltaic devices: 1) at low O2 pressure, compact films with electrical conductivity and optical transparency close to the state of the art transparent conducting oxides (TCO) can be deposited at room temperature, to be compatible with thermally sensitive materials such as polymers used in organic photovoltaics (OPVs); 2) highly light scattering hierarchical structures resembling a forest of nano-trees are produced at higher pressures. Such structures show high Haze factor (&gt;80%) and may be exploited to enhance the light trapping capability. The method here described for AZO films can be applied to other metal oxides relevant for technological applications such as TiO2, Al2O3, WO3 and Ag4O4.

We describe the experimental method to deposit nanostructured oxide thin films by nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas. By using this method Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films, from compact to hierarchically structured as nano-tree forests, can be deposited.

의 제작 펄스 레이저 증착에 의해 투명 실시 산화물 나노 설계

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including microresonators. However, because of the increased acoustic radiative losses during direct liquid immersion of optomechanical devices, almost all published optomechanical experiments have been performed in solid phase. This paper discusses a recently introduced hollow microfluidic optomechanical resonator. Detailed methodology is provided to fabricate these ultra-high-Q microfluidic resonators, perform optomechanical testing, and measure radiation pressure-driven breathing mode and SBS-driven whispering gallery mode parametric vibrations. By confining liquids inside the capillary resonator, high mechanical- and optical- quality factors are simultaneously maintained.

Parametric optomechanical excitations have recently been experimentally demonstrated in microfluidic optomechanical resonators by means of optical radiation pressure and stimulated Brillouin scattering. This paper describes the fabrication of these microfluidic resonators along with methodologies for generating and verifying optomechanical oscillations.

제작 및 미세 유체 광​​ 기계 발진기의 테스트

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process being used in order to maintain exquisite control over both feature size and feature density. Here, we demonstrate a method for tracking atomically resolved and controlled structures from initial template definition through final nanostructure metrology, opening up a pathway for top-down atomic control over nanofabrication. Hydrogen depassivation lithography is the first step of the nanoscale fabrication process followed by selective atomic layer deposition of up to 2.8 nm of titania to make a nanoscale etch mask. Contrast with the background is shown, indicating different mechanisms for growth on the desired patterns and on the H passivated background. The patterns are then transferred into the bulk using reactive ion etching to form 20 nm tall nanostructures with linewidths down to ~6 nm. To illustrate the limitations of this process, arrays of holes and lines are fabricated. The various nanofabrication process steps are performed at disparate locations, so process integration is discussed. Related issues are discussed including using fiducial marks for finding nanostructures on a macroscopic sample and protecting the chemically reactive patterned Si(100)-H surface against degradation due to atmospheric exposure.

We report a protocol for combining the atomic metrology of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope for surface patterning with selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Reactive Ion Etching. Using a robust process involving numerous atmospheric exposures and transport, 3D nanostructures with atomic metrology are fabricated.

원자 추적 가능한 나노 구조 제작

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process ...

Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation

We present a protocol for fabricating 1-D Photonic Crystal (PhC) cavities on subwavelength-diameter tapered optical fibers, optical nanofibers, using femtosecond laser-induced ablation. We show that thousands of periodic nano-craters are fabricated on an optical nanofiber by irradiating with just a single femtosecond laser pulse. For a typical sample, periodic nano-craters with a period of 350 nm and with diameter gradually varying from 50 - 250 nm over a length of 1 mm are fabricated on a nanofiber with diameter around 450 - 550 nm. A key aspect of such a nanofabrication is that the nanofiber itself acts as a cylindrical lens and focuses the femtosecond laser beam on its shadow surface. Moreover, the single-shot fabrication makes it immune to mechanical instabilities and other fabrication imperfections. Such periodic nano-craters on nanofiber, act as a 1-D PhC and enable strong and broadband reflection while maintaining the high transmission out of the stopband. We also present a method to control the profile of the nano-crater array to fabricate apodized and defect-induced PhC cavities on the nanofiber. The strong confinement of the field, both transverse and longitudinal, in the nanofiber-based PhC cavities and the efficient integration to the fiber networks, may open new possibilities for nanophotonic applications and quantum information science.

We present a protocol for fabricating 1-D photonic crystal cavities on subwavelength diameter silica fibers (optical nanofibers) using femtosecond laser-induced ablation.

펨토초 레이저에 의한 절제를 사용하여 나노 섬유에 1-D 광자 크리스탈 캐비티의 제작

We present a protocol for fabricating 1-D Photonic Crystal (PhC) cavities on subwavelength-diameter tapered optical fibers, optical nanofibers, using ...

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

Electron and x-ray magnetic microscopies allow for high-resolution magnetic imaging down to tens of nanometers. However, the samples need to be prepared on transparent membranes which are very fragile and difficult to manipulate. We present processes for the fabrication of samples with magnetic micro- and nanostructures with spin configurations forming magnetic vortices suitable for Lorentz transmission electron microscopy and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy studies. The samples are prepared on silicon nitride membranes and the fabrication consists of a spin coating, UV and electron-beam lithography, the chemical development of the resist, and the evaporation of the magnetic material followed by a lift-off process forming the final magnetic structures. The samples for the Lorentz transmission electron microscopy consist of magnetic nanodiscs prepared in a single lithography step. The samples for the magnetic x-ray transmission microscopy are used for time-resolved magnetization dynamic experiments, and magnetic nanodiscs are placed on a waveguide which is used for the generation of repeatable magnetic field pulses by passing an electric current through the waveguide. The waveguide is created in an extra lithography step.

A protocol for the fabrication of magnetic micro- and nanostructures with spin configurations forming magnetic vortices suitable for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (MTXM) studies is presented.

자기 소용돌이 연구 전송 현미경 검사 법 기술을 사용 하 여 실리콘 질 화 막에 자석 Nanostructures의 제조

Electron and x-ray magnetic microscopies allow for high-resolution magnetic imaging down to tens of nanometers. However, the samples need to be prepared ...

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and artificial nanomotors and may provide new routes towards single cell analysis, studies of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and mechanical actuation of nanoscale systems. A facile way to drive rotation is to use focused circularly polarized laser light in optical tweezers. Using this approach, metallic nanoparticles can be operated as highly efficient scattering-driven rotary motors spinning at unprecedented rotation frequencies in water.
In this protocol, we outline the construction and operation of circularly-polarized optical tweezers for nanoparticle rotation and describe the instrumentation needed for recording the Brownian dynamics and Rayleigh scattering of the trapped particle. The rotational motion and the scattering spectra provides independent information on the properties of the nanoparticle and its immediate environment. The experimental platform has proven useful as a nanoscopic gauge of viscosity and local temperature, for tracking morphological changes of nanorods and molecular coatings, and as a transducer and probe of photothermal and thermodynamic processes.

Plasmonic gold nanorods can be trapped in liquids and rotated at kHz frequencies using circularly-polarized optical tweezers. Introducing tools for Brownian dynamics analysis and light scatteringspectroscopy leads to a powerful system for research and application in numerous fields of science.

The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and ...

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with solid-cladding devices, capillary oscillations are not restricted, allowing the fiber walls to move and vibrate. The fiber is constructed by a high direct current (DC) voltage of several thousand volts (kV) between two water reservoirs that creates a floating water thread, known as a water bridge. Through the choice of micropipettes, it is possible to control the maximal diameter and length of the fiber. Optical fiber couplers, at both sides of the bridge, activate it as an optical waveguide, allowing researchers to monitor the water fiber capillary body waves through transmission modulation and, therefore, deducing changes in surface tension.
Co-confining two important wave types, capillary and electromagnetic, opens a new path of research in the interactions between light and liquid-wall devices. Water-walled microdevices are a million times softer than their solid counterparts, accordingly improving the response to minute forces.

This protocol describes the design and manufacture of a water bridge and its activation as a water fiber. The experiment demonstrates that capillary resonances of the water fiber modulate its optical transmission.

물으로 만든 광섬유의 설계 및 제조

In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with ...

Fabrication of Nanoheight Channels Incorporating Surface Acoustic Wave Actuation via Lithium Niobate for Acoustic Nanofluidics

Controlled nanoscale manipulation of fluids is known to be exceptionally difficult due to the dominance of surface and viscous forces. Megahertz-order surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices generate tremendous acceleration on their surface, up to 108 m/s2, in turn responsible for many of the observed effects that have come to define acoustofluidics: acoustic streaming and acoustic radiation forces. These effects have been used for particle, cell, and fluid manipulation at the microscale, although more recently SAW has been used to produce similar phenomena at the nanoscale through an entirely different set of mechanisms. Controllable nanoscale fluid manipulation offers a broad range of opportunities in ultrafast fluid pumping and biomacromolecule dynamics useful for physical and biological applications. Here, we demonstrate nanoscale-height channel fabrication via room-temperature lithium niobate (LN) bonding integrated with a SAW device. We describe the entire experimental process including nano-height channel fabrication via dry etching, plasma-activated bonding on lithium niobate, the appropriate optical setup for subsequent imaging, and SAW actuation. We show representative results for fluid capillary filling and fluid draining in a nanoscale channel induced by SAW. This procedure offers a practical protocol for nanoscale channel fabrication and integration with SAW devices useful to build upon for future nanofluidics applications.

We demonstrate fabrication of nanoheight channels with the integration of surface acoustic wave actuation devices upon lithium niobate for acoustic nanofluidics via liftoff photolithography, nano-depth reactive ion etching, and room-temperature plasma surface-activated multilayer bonding of single-crystal lithium niobate, a process similarly useful for bonding lithium niobate to oxides.

음향 나노 유체학용 리튬 니오바테를 통한 표면 음향파 작동을 통합한 나노높이 채널 제조

Controlled nanoscale manipulation of fluids is known to be exceptionally difficult due to the dominance of surface and viscous forces. Megahertz-order ...

나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트의 제작 및 운영

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

3D로 연결이 끊긴 실버 Nanostructures를 조작하는 방법

나노 입자의 광학 트래핑

의 제작 펄스 레이저 증착에 의해 투명 실시 산화물 나노 설계

제작 및 미세 유체 광 기계 발진기의 테스트

원자 추적 가능한 나노 구조 제작

펨토초 레이저에 의한 절제를 사용하여 나노 섬유에 1-D 광자 크리스탈 캐비티의 제작

자기 소용돌이 연구 전송 현미경 검사 법 기술을 사용 하 여 실리콘 질 화 막에 자석 Nanostructures의 제조

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

물으로 만든 광섬유의 설계 및 제조

음향 나노 유체학용 리튬 니오바테를 통한 표면 음향파 작동을 통합한 나노높이 채널 제조

나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트의 제작 및 운영

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

3D로 연결이 끊긴 실버 Nanostructures를 조작하는 방법

나노 입자의 광학 트래핑

의 제작 펄스 레이저 증착에 의해 투명 실시 산화물 나노 설계

제작 및 미세 유체 광​​ 기계 발진기의 테스트

원자 추적 가능한 나노 구조 제작

펨토초 레이저에 의한 절제를 사용하여 나노 섬유에 1-D 광자 크리스탈 캐비티의 제작

자기 소용돌이 연구 전송 현미경 검사 법 기술을 사용 하 여 실리콘 질 화 막에 자석 Nanostructures의 제조

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

물으로 만든 광섬유의 설계 및 제조

음향 나노 유체학용 리튬 니오바테를 통한 표면 음향파 작동을 통합한 나노높이 채널 제조

제작 및 미세 유체 광 기계 발진기의 테스트