The authors would like to thank Professor Yuzuru Takashima at the University of Arizona for discussions on optical imaging, Mr. Karl Urbanek for assistance with high power lasers, and Max Yuen for discussions of Brownian motion. The authors send further thanks to Professor Kenneth Crozier at Harvard University for helpful discussions on optical trapping experiments. Funding was provided in part by the United States National Science Foundation (award number 1028372).

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

NOCB는 기존의 초점 빔 기술에 대한 긴 가능한 입자를 수송하는 강력한 트래핑 힘과 능력을 갖춘 플라즈몬 접근의 작은 함정의 크기를 결합합니다. NOCB 고유 시스템의 트래핑 및 전송 특성은 표면 패터닝의 결과가 아닌 조명 빔을 성형하는. 제공된 조명은 충분히 밝고 편광 또는 파장은, 변조 될 수있는 입자가 파지 표면 상에 복잡한 프로토콜을 이동시킬 수있다. 우리는 NOCB도 신속하게 정렬 자신?...

캡처, 심문 및 단일 나노 입자의 조작은 나노 기술의 중요성을 성장의이다. 광학 핀셋이 될 수 있도록 단일 DNA 분자 (4)과의 기계적 특성의 측정으로 획기적인 실험을 사용하도록 설정 한 분자 생물학 1-4, 5-7 화학 및 나노 조립 7-10에서 실험 특히 성공적인 조작 기술이되었다 그들의 광학 특성 11,12 의한 세포의 선별. 이러한 국경에 발견은 더 작은 시스템의 연구를 열어, 그들은 새로운 실질적으로 유익한 제품과 기술의 엔지니어링에 대한 방법을 확인합니다. 차례로, 이러한 경향은 새로운 기술들이 더 작고 기초 입자를 조작 할 필요가 구동한다. 또한, 의견 생화학 시험을 가지고 위해 더 저렴하고 더 작은 패키지에서 이러한 기능을 수행하기 위해 &#39;랩 온어 칩&#39;장치를 구축 할 수있다 푸시실험실, 의료 및 기타 목적으로 13, 14의 필드에. 불행하게도, 종래의 광 트래핑 (COT)는 나노 기술의 증가하는 요구 사항을 모두 충족 할 수 없습니다. COT 광 강도와 전자계 에너지 구배의 높은 국부 피크를 만드는 단단한 포커스에 레이저 광을 가지고 높은 개구 수 (NA)의 대물 렌즈를 사용하는 메커니즘을 동작한다. 이러한 에너지 밀도 구배는 일반적으로 초점의 중심을 향해 그들을 흡입 광 산란 입자에 힘을가 순. 작은 입자를 트래핑 높은 광 출력 또는 엄격한 초점을 필요로한다. 그러나, 광 빔의 초점이 초점 스폿의 최소 크기를 제한하고, 에너지 밀도 구배에 상한을 둔다 회절 원리 순종. 효율적으로 COT 수없는 함정 작은 물체를하고, 침대는, 트래핑 해상도를 문제 근접한 입자 사이에 차별이이 두 즉각적인 결과가제한은 &#39;지방 손가락&#39;문제로 알려져 있습니다. 또한, COT 여러 입자 트래핑 구현은 급격히 광 트래핑 시스템의 비용과 복잡성을 증가 빔 스티어링 광학 또는 공간 광 변조기들, 시스템 구성 요소를 필요로한다. 종래의 광 집속 빔의 근본적인 한계를 회피하는 하나의 방법은, 파 필드에서, 대신 근접장 광학 전자기 에너지의 기울기를 악용하는 전파했다. 니어 필드는 기하 급수적으로 떨어져 전자기장의 소스는 매우 이러한 소스 지역화뿐만 아니라 것을 의미 붕괴뿐만 아니라 에너지 밀도가 매우 높은 구배를 나타낸다. 이러한 나비 넥타이 구멍, 나노 기둥 및 C 모양의 조각으로 나노 금속 공진기의 근처 필드는 거의 infr에 더 골드와 실버의 플라즈몬 작용에 의해 강화 된 전자기 에너지의 특별한 농도를 나타내는 것으로 밝혀졌다ared 및 광학 파장. 이러한 공진기는 고효율 및 해상도 15-22에서 매우 작은 입자를 트랩하는데 사용되어왔다. 이 기술은 작은 입자를 포착하는데 효과적 입증되었지만, 그것은 또한 근거리 시스템 원방 시스템 또는 마이크로 유체와 인터페이스 할 경우에 필요한 상당한 범위에 걸쳐 입자를 운반하는 능력에 제한되는 것으로 입증되었다. 최근 우리의 그룹은이 문제에 대한 해결책을 제시하고있다. 공진기가 서로 매우 가까이에 위치하는 경우, 입자는 원칙적으로 표면으로부터 방출되지 않고 다음 한 근접장 광학 트랩에서 마이그레이션 할 수 있습니다. 인접한 트랩 별도로 온 오프 할 수있는 경우에 전송의 방향을 결정할 수있다. 각 공진기는 그 이웃과는 상이한 편광 또는 빛의 파장에 민감되는 세 개 이상의 어드레스 가능한 공진기의 선형 배열은, nanoparti 수송, 광학 컨베이어 벨트로 작동칩에 여러 미크론의 거리에 사이클 사용. 제자리에 입자를 보유 할 수 있지만, 또한 패턴의 트랙을 따라 빠른 속도로 이동할 수 있으며, 수집 또는 입자를 분산뿐만로서 소위 &#39;나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트&#39;(NOCB)는, 플라즈몬 공진 트래핑 기법들 중 고유 혼합을 대기하고, 심지어 자신의 이동성 (23)와 같은 속성별로 정렬. 이들 기능 모두는 빔 스티어링 광학 필요없이, 조명의 편광 또는 파장을 조절함으로써 제어된다. 근접장 광 트랩으로, 해상도를 포착 NOCB 종래 집속 광 빔 트랩보다 높다, 그래서 근접해있는 입자를 구분할 수있다; 그것이 잘 포착에 광을 집중하는 금속 나노 구조물을 사용하기 때문에 전력 효율이며, 이러한 높은 NA 대물 비싼 광학 부품을 필요로하지 않는다. 또한, 많은 NOCBs 높은 패킹 덴에서 병렬로 동작 될 수있다1200 (23)을 통해 개구 SITY는, 동일 기판 상에, 그리고 1 W의 전력을 구동 할 수있다. 우리는 최근에 부드럽게 앞뒤로 4.5 μm의 트랙 (24)를 따라 나노 입자를 추진, 제 1 편광 중심 NOCB을 증명하고있다. 이 문서에서는 광학적 장치를 설계하고 제조하는 데 필요한 단계를 제시하여 활성화하고 상기 전송 실험을 재현. 우리는이 기술이 더 널리 사용할 수 있도록하는 마이크로 유체, 원거리 광학 및 나노 장치 및 실험 사이의 크기의 격차를 해소하는 데 도움이되기를 바랍니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>HSQ e-beam resist</td>
			<td>Dow Corning</td>
			<td>XR-1541-006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PMMA</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td>950A2 M230002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fast curing optical adhesive</td>
			<td>Norland Optical Adhesive</td>
			<td>NOA 81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescent carboxyl microspheres</td>
			<td>Bangs Laboratories</td>
			<td>FC02F, FC03F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescent carboxylate-modified microspheres</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>F-8888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quartz slide</td>
			<td>SPI Supplies</td>
			<td>1020-AB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>ECLIPSE TE2000-U</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nd:YAG laser</td>
			<td>Lightwave Electronics</td>
			<td>221-HD-V04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sCMOS camera</td>
			<td>PCO</td>
			<td>EDGE55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCD camera</td>
			<td>Watec</td>
			<td>WAT-120N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zero-order half-wave plate</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>WPH05M-1064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Distilled water</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10977-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si Wafer</td>
			<td>Silicon Quest International</td>
			<td>708069</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical lenses</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication and operation of a nano-optical conveyor belt

작은 입자에 힘을 함정에 초점을 맞춘 레이저 빔을 사용 발휘하는 기술은 지난 몇 년 동안 나노 생물과 물리 과학의 많은 중요한 발견을 가능하게했다. 이 분야에서 진전을보다 쉽게​​ 배포하고 널리 사용할 수 있습니다 도구, 더 작은 시스템의 더 큰 규모의 추가 연구를 초대합니다. 불행히도, 회절의 기본 법칙 트랩하기 어려운 지름이 반 파장보다 작은 입자를 만드는 레이저 빔의 초점 스폿의 최소 크기를 제한하고, 일반적으로 하나의 절반보다 더 가깝게되는 입자 사이에 차별 연산자 방지 -wavelength. 이것은 많은 밀접하게 이격 된 나노 입자의 광학 조작을 배제하고, 광 - 기계 시스템의 해상도를 제한한다. 또한, 집중 빔을 사용하여 조작이 매우 부피가 크고 비용이 많이들 수 있습니다 빔 형성 또는 스티어링 광학 필요합니다. 해결하기 위해종래의 광 트래핑 연구실의 시스템 확장 성에서 제한이 칩을 가로 질러 이동하는 입자를 근접장 광학을 이용하는 대안적인 방법을 고안했다. 대신 원거리에 레이저 빔의 초점을 맞추는, 플라즈몬 공진 근접장 광은 회절의 제한을 극복하고 높은 해상도로 입자를 조작하는 데 필요한 로컬 광 강도 향상을 생성한다. 밀접 간격 공진기는 컨베이어 벨트와 같은 방식으로 다음에 한에서 입자의 핸드 오프를 중재 해결할 수 있습니다 강력한 광학 트랩을 생산하고 있습니다. 여기서는 디자인 플라즈몬 C 형 공진기 및 방법 초해 나노 조작 및 수송을 달성하기 편광 된 레이저 광으로 조작하는 패터닝 금 표면을 이용하여 컨베이어 벨트를 제조하는 방법을 설명한다. 나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트 칩은 리소그래피 기술을 사용하여 제조 및 패키징 쉽게 분산 될 수있다.

도 7은 최종 장치의 그림이다. 1cm X 1cm의 금 표면의 중심에 거의 직각 도면으로부터 알 수있는 CSE 및 반송 패턴,의 행렬이다. (6)는 최종 디바이스에서 예시 CSE 패턴의 주사 전자 현미경 사진이다도. 길이 나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트는 5㎛ 건너 여행 390 nm의 폴리스티렌 비드의 입자 운동은도 9에 도시되어있다. 곡선은 레이저 편?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt at JoVE.com

Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

The scalability and resolution of conventional optical manipulation techniques are limited by diffraction. We circumvent the diffraction limit and describe a method of optically transporting nanoparticles across a chip using a gold surface patterned with a path of closely spaced C-shaped plasmonic resonators.

나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트의 제작 및 운영

The technique of using focused laser beams to trap and exert forces on small particles has enabled many pivotal discoveries in the nanoscale biological ...

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11.5K 조회수.  Stanford University. The scalability and resolution of conventional optical manipulation techniques are limited by diffraction. We circumvent the diffraction limit and describe a method of optically transporting nanoparticles across a chip using a gold surface patterned with a path of closely spaced C-shaped plasmonic resonators.

비디오: Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

Fabrication, Densification, and Replica Molding of 3D Carbon Nanotube Microstructures

The introduction of new materials and processes to microfabrication has, in large part, enabled many important advances in microsystems, lab-on-a-chip devices, and their applications. In particular, capabilities for cost-effective fabrication of polymer microstructures were transformed by the advent of soft lithography and other micromolding techniques 1, 2, and this led a revolution in applications of microfabrication to biomedical engineering and biology. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to fabricate microstructures with well-defined nanoscale surface textures, and to fabricate arbitrary 3D shapes at the micro-scale. Robustness of master molds and maintenance of shape integrity is especially important to achieve high fidelity replication of complex structures and preserving their nanoscale surface texture. The combination of hierarchical textures, and heterogeneous shapes, is a profound challenge to existing microfabrication methods that largely rely upon top-down etching using fixed mask templates. On the other hand, the bottom-up synthesis of nanostructures such as nanotubes and nanowires can offer new capabilities to microfabrication, in particular by taking advantage of the collective self-organization of nanostructures, and local control of their growth behavior with respect to microfabricated patterns. 
Our goal is to introduce vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which we refer to as CNT "forests", as a new microfabrication material. We present details of a suite of related methods recently developed by our group: fabrication of CNT forest microstructures by thermal CVD from lithographically patterned catalyst thin films; self-directed elastocapillary densification of CNT microstructures; and replica molding of polymer microstructures using CNT composite master molds. In particular, our work shows that self-directed capillary densification ("capillary forming"), which is performed by condensation of a solvent onto the substrate with CNT microstructures, significantly increases the packing density of CNTs. This process enables directed transformation of vertical CNT microstructures into straight, inclined, and twisted shapes, which have robust mechanical properties exceeding those of typical microfabrication polymers. This in turn enables formation of nanocomposite CNT master molds by capillary-driven infiltration of polymers. The replica structures exhibit the anisotropic nanoscale texture of the aligned CNTs, and can have walls with sub-micron thickness and aspect ratios exceeding 50:1. Integration of CNT microstructures in fabrication offers further opportunity to exploit the electrical and thermal properties of CNTs, and diverse capabilities for chemical and biochemical functionalization 3.

We present methods for fabrication of patterned microstructures of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their use as master molds for production of polymer microstructures with organized nanoscale surface texture. The CNT forests are densified by condensation of solvent onto the substrate, which significantly increases their packing density and enables self-directed formation of 3D shapes.

3D 카본 나노튜브 Microstructures의 제조, Densification 및 복제 성형

The introduction of new materials and processes to microfabrication has, in large part, enabled many important advances in microsystems, lab-on-a-chip ...

연구

공학

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing

This paper discusses fluorescent core microcavity-based sensors that can operate in a microfluidic analysis setup. These structures are based on the formation of a fluorescent quantum-dot (QD) coating on the channel surface of a conventional microcapillary. Silicon QDs are especially attractive for this application, owing in part to their negligible toxicity compared to the II-VI and II-VI compound QDs, which are legislatively controlled substances in many countries. While the ensemble emission spectrum is broad and featureless, an Si-QD film on the channel wall of a capillary features a set of sharp, narrow peaks in the fluorescence spectrum, corresponding to the electromagnetic resonances for light trapped within the film. The peak wavelength of these resonances is sensitive to the external medium, thus permitting the device to function as a refractometric sensor in which the QDs never come into physical contact with the analyte. The experimental methods associated with the fabrication of the fluorescent-core microcapillaries are discussed in detail, as well as the analysis methods. Finally, a comparison is made between these structures and the more widely investigated liquid-core optical ring resonators, in terms of microfluidic sensing capabilities.

Fluorescent-core microcavity sensors employ a high-index quantum-dot coating in the channel of silica microcapillaries. Changes in the refractive index of fluids pumped into the capillary channel cause shifts in the microcavity fluorescence spectrum that can be used to analyze the channel medium.

Refractometric 감지 용 형광 코어 Microcavities의 합성 및 운영

This paper discusses  fluorescent core microcavity-based sensors that can operate in a microfluidic  analysis setup. These structures are based on the ...

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we present the fabrication protocol for a multilayered SAW acoustic counterflow device. The device is fabricated starting from a lithium niobate (LN) substrate onto which two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and appropriate markers are patterned. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel cast on an SU8 master mold is finally bonded on the patterned substrate. Following the fabrication procedure, we show the techniques that allow the characterization and operation of the acoustic counterflow device in order to pump fluids through the PDMS channel grid. We finally present the procedure to visualize liquid flow in the channels. The protocol is used to show on-chip fluid pumping under different flow regimes such as laminar flow and more complicated dynamics characterized by vortices and particle accumulation domains.

In this video we first describe fabrication and operation procedures of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) acoustic counterflow device. We then demonstrate an experimental setup that allows for both qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis of complex flows within the SAW pumping device.

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including microresonators. However, because of the increased acoustic radiative losses during direct liquid immersion of optomechanical devices, almost all published optomechanical experiments have been performed in solid phase. This paper discusses a recently introduced hollow microfluidic optomechanical resonator. Detailed methodology is provided to fabricate these ultra-high-Q microfluidic resonators, perform optomechanical testing, and measure radiation pressure-driven breathing mode and SBS-driven whispering gallery mode parametric vibrations. By confining liquids inside the capillary resonator, high mechanical- and optical- quality factors are simultaneously maintained.

Parametric optomechanical excitations have recently been experimentally demonstrated in microfluidic optomechanical resonators by means of optical radiation pressure and stimulated Brillouin scattering. This paper describes the fabrication of these microfluidic resonators along with methodologies for generating and verifying optomechanical oscillations.

제작 및 미세 유체 광​​ 기계 발진기의 테스트

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an elastomeric dielectric membrane sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The large actuation strains of these transducers when used as actuators (over 300% area strain) and their soft and compliant nature has been exploited for a wide range of applications, including electrically tunable optics, haptic feedback devices, wave-energy harvesting, deformable cell-culture devices, compliant grippers, and propulsion of a bio-inspired fish-like airship. In most cases, DETs are made with a commercial proprietary acrylic elastomer and with hand-applied electrodes of carbon powder or carbon grease. This combination leads to non-reproducible and slow actuators exhibiting viscoelastic creep and a short lifetime. We present here a complete process flow for the reproducible fabrication of DETs based on thin elastomeric silicone films, including casting of thin silicone membranes, membrane release and prestretching, patterning of robust compliant electrodes, assembly and testing. The membranes are cast on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a water-soluble sacrificial layer for ease of release. The electrodes consist of carbon black particles dispersed into a silicone matrix and patterned using a stamping technique, which leads to precisely-defined compliant electrodes that present a high adhesion to the dielectric membrane on which they are applied.

This manuscript shows the fabrication process for the manufacture of dielectric elastomer soft actuators based on silicone membranes. The three key stages of production are presented in detail: blade casting of thin silicone membranes; pad printing of compliant electrodes; and the assembly of all the components.

실리콘 엘라스토머 계 유전 액츄에이터 제조 공정

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must be smaller than the incident wavelength of sound and the width of the fluidic channels are typically tens to hundreds of micrometers across, acoustofluidic devices typically use ultrasonic waves generated from a piezoelectric transducer pulsating at high frequencies (in the megahertz range). At characteristic frequencies that depend on the geometry of the device, it is possible to induce the formation of standing waves that can focus particles along desired fluidic streamlines within a bulk flow. Here, we describe a method for the fabrication of acoustophoretic devices from common materials and clean room equipment. We show representative results for the focusing of particles with positive or negative acoustic contrast factors, which move towards the pressure nodes or antinodes of the standing waves, respectively. These devices offer enormous practical utility for precisely positioning large numbers of microscopic entities (e.g., cells) in stationary or flowing fluids for applications ranging from cytometry to assembly.

Acoustofluidic devices use ultrasonic waves within microfluidic channels to manipulate, concentrate and isolate suspended micro and nanoscopic entities. This protocol describes the fabrication and operation of such a device supporting bulk acoustic standing waves to focus particles in a central streamline without the aid of sheath fluids.

제조 및 Acoustofluidic 장치의 작동은 입자의 초점 쉬스에 대한 대량 음향 서 파도 지원

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for the detection of faint astrophysical signatures, as well as for quantum computing applications and materials characterization. In this paper, procedures are presented for the fabrication and characterization of thin-film superconducting microwave resonators. The fabrication methodology allows for the realization of superconducting transmission-line resonators with features on both sides of an atomically smooth single-crystal silicon dielectric. This work describes the procedure for the installation of resonator devices into a cryogenic microwave testbed and for cool-down below the superconducting transition temperature. The set-up of the cryogenic microwave testbed allows one to do careful measurements of the complex microwave transmission of these resonator devices, enabling the extraction of the properties of the superconducting lines and dielectric substrate (e.g., internal quality factors, loss and kinetic inductance fractions), which are important for device design and performance.

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for detection of light, quantum computing applications and materials characterization. This work presents a detailed procedure for fabrication and characterization of superconducting microwave resonator scattering parameters.

초전도 공진기의 제조 및 특성

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each thermoplastic of interest. Solvent bonding is a simple and versatile method that can be used to fabricate devices from a variety of plastics. An appropriate solvent is added between two device layers to be bonded, and heat and pressure are applied to the device to facilitate the bonding. By using an appropriate combination of solvent, plastic, heat, and pressure, the device can be sealed with a high quality bond, characterized as having high bond coverage, bond strength, optical clarity, durability over time, and low deformation or damage to microfeature geometry. We describe the procedure for bonding devices made from two popular thermoplastics, poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA), and cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), as well as a variety of methods to characterize the quality of the resulting bonds, and strategies to troubleshoot low quality bonds. These methods can be used to develop new solvent bonding protocols for other plastic-solvent systems.

Solvent bonding is a simple and versatile method for fabricating thermoplastic microfluidic devices with high quality bonds. We describe a protocol to achieve strong, optically clear bonds in PMMA and COP microfluidic devices that preserve microfeature details, by a judicious combination of pressure, temperature, an appropriate solvent, and device geometry.

PMMA의 제조 및 COP 미세 유체 장치에 대한 솔벤트 본딩

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each ...

Construction and Operation of a Light-driven Gold Nanorod Rotary Motor System

The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and artificial nanomotors and may provide new routes towards single cell analysis, studies of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and mechanical actuation of nanoscale systems. A facile way to drive rotation is to use focused circularly polarized laser light in optical tweezers. Using this approach, metallic nanoparticles can be operated as highly efficient scattering-driven rotary motors spinning at unprecedented rotation frequencies in water.
In this protocol, we outline the construction and operation of circularly-polarized optical tweezers for nanoparticle rotation and describe the instrumentation needed for recording the Brownian dynamics and Rayleigh scattering of the trapped particle. The rotational motion and the scattering spectra provides independent information on the properties of the nanoparticle and its immediate environment. The experimental platform has proven useful as a nanoscopic gauge of viscosity and local temperature, for tracking morphological changes of nanorods and molecular coatings, and as a transducer and probe of photothermal and thermodynamic processes.

Plasmonic gold nanorods can be trapped in liquids and rotated at kHz frequencies using circularly-polarized optical tweezers. Introducing tools for Brownian dynamics analysis and light scatteringspectroscopy leads to a powerful system for research and application in numerous fields of science.

The possibility to generate and measure rotation and torque at the nanoscale is of fundamental interest to the study and application of biological and ...

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices can be implemented as part of a robust platform capable of making simultaneous complementary measurements. The primary challenge created by the combination of these two techniques is the mismatch in refractive index between the materials traditionally used to make microfluidic devices and the aqueous solutions typically used in biomedicine. This mismatch can create optical artifacts near the channel or device edges. One solution is to reduce the refractive index of the material used to fabricate the device by using a fluorinated polymer such as MY133-V2000 whose refractive index is similar to that of water (n = 1.33). Here, the construction of a microfluidic device made out of MY133-V2000 using soft lithography techniques is demonstrated, using O2 plasma in conjunction with an acrylic holder to increase the adhesion between the MY133-V2000 fabricated device and the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The device is then tested by incubating it filled with cell culture media for 24 h to demonstrate the ability of the device to maintain cell culture conditions during the course of a typical imaging experiment. Finally, quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is used to measure the distribution of mass within the live adherent cells in the microchannel. This way, the increased precision, enabled by fabricating the device from a low index of refraction polymer such as MY133-V2000 in lieu of traditional soft lithography materials such as PDMS, is demonstrated. Overall, this approach for fabricating microfluidic devices can be readily integrated into existing soft lithography workflows in order to reduce optical artifacts and increase measurement precision.

This protocol describes the fabrication of microfluidic devices from MY133-V2000 to eliminate artifacts that often arise in microchannels due to the mismatching refractive indices between microchannel structures and an aqueous solution. This protocol uses an acrylic holder to compress the encapsulated device, improving adhesion both chemically and mechanically.

생물 의학 마이크로 대 한 굴절 인덱스 일치 장치 제조

The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices ...

Methods Article

나노 광학 컨베이어 벨트의 제작 및 운영