Name: micropatterning and assembly of 3d microvessels
Uploaded: 2016-09-09T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 13 min 5 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels at JoVE.com

저자는 줄기 세포 및 재생 의학뿐만 아니라 워싱턴 대학에서 워싱턴 나노 제조 시설에 대한 연구소의 린과 마이크 가비 이미징 연구실을 인정하고 싶습니다. 그들은 또한 건강의 국립 연구소의 재정 지원을 인정 (YZ에) DP2DK102258을 부여하고, 교육과 (MAR에) T32HL007312 (SSK 및 MAR에) T32EB001650을 부여합니다.

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저자는 공개 아무것도 없어.

엔지니어링 미세 혈관은 내강 형상, 유체 역학적 힘, 멀티 세포의 상호 작용 등의 생리 학적 특성이 존재하고 조정할 수있는 시험 관내 모델이다. 플랫폼이 유형은 모델 및 생체 외 배양 조건은 당해 미세의 것과 일치 할 수있는 다양한 상황에 내피 거동을 연구 할 수있는 기능을 제공하는 것을 강력하다. 예를 들어, 혈관 내피 세포와 같은 프로세스를 구동하는기구는, 다른 기관 등의...

각 장기 미세 혈관은 조직 미세 정의 조직 항상성을 유지하고 염증, 투자율, 혈전증과 섬유소 용해 1,2- 규제 돕는다. 5 - 미세 혈관 내피 세포, 특히 따라서 혈류와 주위 조직과의 계면은 유체 역학적 힘과 순환 사이토 카인 및 호르몬 3과 같은 자극에 응답하여 혈관 및 장기의 기능을 조절하는 데 중요한 역할을한다. 내피 세포, 혈액 사이의 상세한 상호 작용을 이해하고, 주변 조직의 미세 혈관 생물학 및 질병 진행의 연구에 중요하다. 생체 내 미세 혈관 구조에 요점을 되풀이하고 6,7를 작동하지 않습니다 시험관 도구 제한에 의해 그러나, 이러한 상호 작용을 연구의 진행을 방해하고있다. 결과적으로, 필드 및 치료의 발전은 비용이 많이 들고 시간 -에 크게​​ 의존하고10 - 종종 인간 팔의 성공을 번역하는 데 실패 동물 모델을 소비. 생체 내 모델 질환 메커니즘 및 혈관의 기능 연구에 귀중한 반면, 그들은 복잡한 종종 개인 휴대 생화학의 정확한 제어 및 생물 물리학 적 큐 부족하다. 몸 전체 혈관 최적화 관류 및 영양소 전송 동시에 11을 제공하는 광대 한 모세관 침대와 함께 성숙한 계층 구조를 보유하고있다. 처음에, 초기 개발 12, 13 중 계층 분기 네트워크 재구성 원시적 총으로 혈관 형성된다. 이러한 프로세스에 관련된 신호들의 많은 웰 (14)은 이해되지만 - 16는 혈관 패턴 (15)을 결정하는 방법 등 어려운 남아있다. 차례로, 조직 혈관 망을 설계하기 위해 시험 관내에서이 과정을 recapitulating은 꿀벌이n은 어렵다. 많은 기존의 체외 플랫폼은 두 가지 차원 내피 세포 배양으로, 같은 다세포 근접, 세 가지 차원 내강 구조, 흐름, 그리고 세포 외 기질과 같은 중요한 특성 부족, 혈관을 모델링합니다. 3D 하이드로 겔 튜브 형성 분석 (콜라겐 또는 섬유소) 17-19 또는 침공 분석 (20, 21)은 다른 혈관 17, 22 또는 조직 세포 유형 (23) 3D와의 상호 작용에서 내피 세포의 기능을 연구하는 데 사용되었다. 그러나 이러한 분석의 루멘은 상호, 혈역학 적 흐름, 적절한 관류 부족 조립. 또한, 이들 관 형성 분석법 (24) 내의 혈관 회귀 성향이 수행 될 수있다 기능 연구의 정도를 제한 장기간 배양 및 성숙을 방지한다. 따라서, 적절하게 모델링 할 수 미세 혈관 네트워크 욕실의 체외 플랫폼을 설계 할 수있는 싹 트는 필요가있다특성 dothelial 장기 배양 할 수있다. 혈관 공학 기법 다양한 혈관 질환 환자의 대체 의료용 또는 바이 영향 선박 년간 나왔다. 폴리에틸렌 테레 프탈레이트 (PET), 폴리 테트라 플루오로 에틸렌 (의 ePTFE)과 같은 합성 재료로 제조 대경 용기 장기 개통 (평균 95 %의 개통 5 년) 25 상당한 치료 성공이 있었다. 작은 직경의 합성 이식은 (&lt;6mm) 일반적으로 내막 증식 및 혈소판 (26)과 같은 합병증에 직면하지만 - 조직이 생체 물질로 만든 작은 직경 이식을 설계 (28)는, 상당한 진전 (29, 30)을 만들었습니다. 이러한 종류의 발전에도 불구하고, 마이크로에 설계 선박의 반칙으로 남아있다. 충분히 미세 혈관을 모델링하기 위해, SUF 복잡한 네트워크 패턴을 생성 할 필요가있다ficient 기계적 강도 및 개방성 실질 세포 및 세포 개조 모두 영양소 투과를 허용하는 매트릭스 조성물을 유지한다. (34) -이 프로토콜은 조정 가능한 및 제어 미세 환경 (31) 설정 생체 내에서 기본을 모방 한 새로운 인공 관류 혈관 네트워크를 제공합니다. 기술 된 방법은 100 μm의 순서에 직경 엔지니어링 미세 혈관을 생성합니다. 엔지니어링 미세 혈관은 내가 하이드로 겔 콜라겐 소프트 타입에 포함 된 미세 유체 채널을 통해 내피 세포를 관류에 의해 제조된다. 이 시스템은 오픈 내강 구조와 패턴 네트워크를 생성 다세포 상호 작용을 복제, 세포 외 기질 성분을 조절하고, 생리 학적으로 관련 혈류 역학적 힘을 적용 할 수있는 능력을 보유하고 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Wafer Fabrication&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AutoGlow Plasma System</td><td>AutoGlow</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Headway Spin Coater</td><td>Headway Research, Inc&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PWM32 Spin Coater&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ABM Contact Aligner</td><td>AB-M</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alpha Step Profilometer</td><td>Tencor</td><td>Alpha Step 200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SU-8 Developer</td><td>Microchem</td><td>Y020100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SU-8 Resist</td><td>Microchem</td><td>SU-8 2000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8&quot; silicon wafer</td><td>Wafer World Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tabletop Micro Pattern Generator</td><td>Heidelberg Instruments</td><td>&amp;mu;PG 101</td><td>For generation of photomask</td></tr><tr><td>Hot plate</td><td>VWR</td><td>97042-646</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ispropyl alcohol</td><td>Avantor Performance Materials</td><td>9088</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dishes (120 x 120 mm, square)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>Z617679</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trichloro(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>MKBG3805V</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer base and curing agent</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>Sylgard 184</td><td>Mixed at 10:1 (w/w)</td></tr><tr><td>Vacuum desiccator</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>Z119024-1EA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Oven</td><td>VWR</td><td>9120976</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Device Fabrication and Culture&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)</td><td>Plexiglas</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corona Treater</td><td>Electro-Technic Products, Inc.</td><td>BD-20</td><td>Handheld device for plasma treatment of PMMA devices and PDMS molds</td></tr><tr><td>Soldering Iron</td><td>Weller&amp;nbsp;</td><td>WTCPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stainless Steel Truss Head Slotted Machine Screw</td><td>McMaster-Carr&amp;nbsp;</td><td>91785A096</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stainless steel dowel pins</td><td>McMaster-Carr&amp;nbsp;</td><td>93600A060</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tweezers&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltex</td><td>24-572</td><td>Any similar tweezers may be used</td></tr><tr><td>Spatula (Micro Spoon)</td><td>Electron Microscopy Services</td><td>62410-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Screw driver</td><td></td><td></td><td>Any flat head screwdriver may be used, autoclaved</td></tr><tr><td>Glass coverslips (22 x 22 mm)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>12-542B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bleach</td><td>Clorox</td><td>4460030966</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dishes (150 x 25 mm)</td><td>Corning</td><td>430599</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dishes (100 x 20 mm)</td><td>Corning</td><td>2909</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cotton, cut into 1 cm x 3 cm pieces</td><td></td><td></td><td>Autoclaved</td></tr><tr><td>Polyethyleneimine (PEI)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P3143</td><td>Dilute to 1% in cell culture grade water</td></tr><tr><td>Glutaraldehyde</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G6257</td><td>Dilute to 0.1% in cell culture grade water</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td></td><td></td><td>Autoclaved DI H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td></tr><tr><td>Type I collagen, dissolved in 0.1% acetic acid</td><td></td><td></td><td>Isolated from rat tails as described in Rajan &lt;i&gt;et. al.&lt;/i&gt; 2006 (ref #37)</td></tr><tr><td>1 ml syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309659</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 ml syringe</td><td>BD</td><td>309604</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml conical tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>352097</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30 ml conical tubes</td><td>Corning</td><td>352098</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>M199 10x Media&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>11825-015</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 N NaOH (sterile)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>415413</td><td>Dilute to 1 N in cell culture grade water</td></tr><tr><td>HUVECs</td><td>Lonza</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Endothelial growth media</td><td>Lonza</td><td>CC-3124</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin</td><td>Corning</td><td>25-052-CI</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td><td>Thermofisher Scientific</td><td>10082147</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dextran from Leuconostoc spp. (70&amp;nbsp;kDa)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>31390</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td><td>Corning</td><td>21-031-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hemocytometer</td><td>Hausser Scientific Co.</td><td>3200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gel loading tips</td><td>VWR</td><td>37001-152</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18 G Blunt Fill Needle</td><td>BD&amp;nbsp;</td><td>305180</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20 G Stainless Steel Dispensing Needle</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>75165A123</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tygon 1/32&amp;rdquo; ID, 3/32&quot; OD Silicon Tubing</td><td>Cole-Parmer</td><td>EW-95702-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1/16&quot; Tube-to-tube Coupling</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>5116K165</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>90&amp;deg; Elbow Connectors, Tube-to-Tube</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>5121K901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Luer Lock Coupling (Female, 1/16&quot; ID)</td><td>McMaster-Carr</td><td>51525K211</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastic Forceps, with Jaw Grips</td><td>Electron Microscopy Services</td><td>72971</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dual Syringe Pump</td><td>Harvard Apparatus</td><td>70-4505</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5 ml Polystyrene Round-bottom tube</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>14-959-2A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Device Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Formaldehyde</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F8775</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A8806-5G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T-9284</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rabbit anti-hCD31</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab32457</td><td>1:25 working dilution</td></tr><tr><td>FITC conjugated anti-von Willebrand Factor antibody</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab8822</td><td>1:100 working dilution</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-rabbit 568 secondary antibody</td><td>Thermofisher Scientific</td><td>A-11011</td><td>1:100 working dilution</td></tr><tr><td>Hoescht</td><td>Thermofisher Scientific</td><td>H1399</td><td>Resuspended in DMSO</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium cacodylate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C0250</td><td>To make 0.2 M cacodylate buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>VWR International</td><td>BDH1164-4LP</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40 kDa FITC-conjugated Dextran</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>FD40S&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Additional Culture Reagents&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CHIR-99021</td><td>Selleck Chem</td><td>S2924</td><td>Small molecule GSK-3 inhibitor</td></tr><tr><td>Human recombinant VEGF</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>100-20</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human recombinant bFGF</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>AF-100-18B</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

micropatterning and assembly of 3d microvessels

시험관 플랫폼에서, 내피 세포 및 혈관 생물학은 주로 2D 내피 세포 배양으로 제한됩니다 공부 폴리머 또는 유리 기반의 기판과 하이드로 겔 기반 관 형성 분석과 챔버 흐름. 이러한 분석은, 유익한 동안, 혈관 기능 조절에 중요​​한 역할을 루멘 형상, 적절한 세포 외 기질 및 다세포 근접, 요점을 되풀이하지 않습니다. 이 논문은 100 ㎛의 정도의 직경을 갖는 엔지니어링 혈관을 생성하는 사출 성형 방법을 설명한다. 미세 혈관은 내가 하이드로 겔 콜라겐 기본 유형에 포함 미세 유체 채널 내피 세포를 파종하여 제조된다. 형성 채널 이전에 콜라겐 매트릭스 내에 실질 세포를 통합함으로써, 특정 조직의 미세 환경을 모델링하고 공부하실 수 있습니다. 유체 역학적 특성 및 미디어 조성물의 추가 변조 원하는 미세 환경 내에서 복잡한 혈관 기능을 제어 할 수 있습니다.이 플랫폼은 혈관 주위 세포 모집, 혈액 내피 세포의 상호 작용, 흐름 응답 및 조직 미세 혈관의 상호 작용 연구를 위해 수 있습니다. 엔지니어링 미세 혈관은 혈관 틈새 시장의 개별 구성 요소의 영향을 분리 할 수​​있는 기능을 제공하고 정확하게 건강과 질병에 모두 혈관 생물학을 연구하기 위해 화학적, 기계적, 생물학적 특성을 제어 할 수 있습니다.

조작 된 선박 플랫폼은 내가 매트릭스 천연 콜라겐 유형에 내장 된 기능성 미세 혈관을 생성하고 체외에서 세포 생물 물리학 및 생화학 적 환경의 꽉 제어 할 수 있습니다. 설계 미세 혈관을 제조하기 위해, 인간 제대 정맥 내피 세포 (HUVECs를이)가 특허 루멘과 합류 내피 세포를 형성하기 위해 부착 콜라겐 포함 된 미세 유체 네트워크를 통해 관류한다. 도 1A-C?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels at JoVE.com

Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

이 논문은 내피 세포의 생리 학적 특성을 요점을 되풀이 미세 혈관을 설계하는 사출 성형 방법을 제공한다. 미세 유체 기반의 공정은 흐름, 세포 성분, 형상, 생화학 그라디언트로 테일러 조건과 특허 3 차원 혈관 네트워크를 생성합니다. 제조 공정 및 잠재적 응용 예들이 설명된다.

미세화 및 3D 미세 혈관의 조립

In vitro platforms to study endothelial cells and vascular biology are largely limited to 2D endothelial cell culture, flow chambers with polymer or glass ...

micropatterning-and-assembly-of-3d-microvessels

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

11.7K 조회수.  University of Washington.  이 논문은 내피 세포의 생리 학적 특성을 요점을 되풀이 미세 혈관을 설계하는 사출 성형 방법을 제공한다. 미세 유체 기반의 공정은 흐름, 세포 성분, 형상, 생화학 그라디언트로 테일러 조건과 특허 3 차원 혈관 네트워크를 생성합니다. 제조 공정 및 잠재적 응용 예들이 설명된다. 

비디오: Micropatterning and Assembly of 3D Microvessels

Process of Making Three-dimensional Microstructures using Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material fabrication techniques are able to mimic the complexity of these structures while maintaining scalability. The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is able to do so. This process uses sacrificial fibers as a template to form hollow, cylindrical microchannels embedded within a matrix. Tin (II) oxalate (SnOx) is embedded within poly(lactic) acid (PLA) fibers which facilitates the use of this process. The SnOx catalyzes the depolymerization of the PLA fibers at lower temperatures. The lactic acid monomers are gaseous at these temperatures and can be removed from the embedded matrix at temperatures that do not damage the matrix. Here we show a method for aligning these fibers using micromachined plates and a tensioning device to create complex patterns of three-dimensionally arrayed microchannels. The process allows the exploration of virtually any arrangement of fiber topologies and structures.

The Vaporization of a Sacrificial Component (VaSC) process is used to fabricate microvascular structures. This procedure uses sacrificial poly(lactic) acid fibers to form hollow microchannels with precise 3D geometric positioning provided by laser micromachined guide plates.

희생 구성 요소의 증발을 사용하여 세 가지 차원 미세 만들기의 과정

Vascular structures in natural systems are able to provide high mass transport through high surface areas and optimized structure. Few synthetic material ...

연구

공학

A Microfluidic Device with Groove Patterns for Studying Cellular Behavior

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior. This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel and a bottom microgrooved substrate. To fabricate the microgrooved channels, a top poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold containing the impression of the microfluidic channels was aligned and bonded to a microgrooved substrate. Using this device, mouse fibroblast cells were immobilized and patterned within microgrooved substrates (25, 50, 75, and 100 &mu;m wide). To study apoptosis in a microfluidic device, media containing hydrogen peroxide, Annexin V, and propidium iodide was perfused into the fluidic channel for 2 hours. We found that cells exposed to the oxidative stress became apoptotic. These apoptotic cells were confirmed by Annexin V that bound to phosphatidylserine at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane during the apoptosis process. Using this microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns, the apoptosis process was observed in real-time and analyzed by using an inverted microscope containing an incubation chamber (37&deg;C, 5% CO2). Therefore, this microfluidic device incorporated with microgrooved substrates could be useful for studying the cellular behavior and performing high-throughput drug screening.

We describe a protocol for the fabrication of microfluidic devices that can enable cell capture and culture. In this approach patterned microstructures such as grooves within microfluidic channels are used to create low shear stress regions within which cell can dock.

세포 행동 유학을위한 그루브 패턴 Microfluidic 장치

We describe a microfluidic device with microgrooved patterns for studying cellular behavior.  This microfluidic platform consists of a top fluidic channel ...

생물학

Microfabrication of Chip-sized Scaffolds for Three-dimensional Cell cultivation

Using microfabrication technologies is a prerequisite to create scaffolds of reproducible geometry and constant quality for three-dimensional cell cultivation. These technologies offer a wide spectrum of advantages not only for manufacturing but also for different applications. The size and shape of formed cell clusters can be influenced by the exact and reproducible architecture of the microfabricated scaffold and, therefore, the diffusion path length of nutrients and gases can be controlled.1 This is unquestionably a useful tool to prevent apoptosis and necrosis of cells due to an insufficient nutrient and gas supply or removal of cellular metabolites.
Our polymer chip, called CellChip, has the outer dimensions of 2 x 2 cm with a central microstructured area. This area is subdivided into an array of up to 1156 microcontainers with a typical dimension of 300 m edge length for the cubic design (cp- or cf-chip) or of 300 m diameter and depth for the round design (r-chip).2
So far, hot embossing or micro injection moulding (in combination with subsequent laborious machining of the parts) was used for the fabrication of the microstructured chips. Basically, micro injection moulding is one of the only polymer based replication techniques that, up to now, is capable for mass production of polymer microstructures.3 However, both techniques have certain unwanted limitations due to the processing of a viscous polymer melt with the generation of very thin walls or integrated through holes. In case of the CellChip, thin bottom layers are necessary to perforate the polymer and provide small pores of defined size to supply cells with culture medium e.g. by microfluidic perfusion of the containers.
In order to overcome these limitations and to reduce the manufacturing costs we have developed a new microtechnical approach on the basis of a down-scaled thermoforming process. For the manufacturing of highly porous and thin walled polymer chips, we use a combination of heavy ion irradiation, microthermoforming and track etching. In this so called "SMART" process (Substrate Modification And Replication by Thermoforming) thin polymer films are irradiated with energetic heavy projectiles of several hundred MeV introducing so-called "latent tracks" Subsequently, the film in a rubber elastic state is formed into three dimensional parts without modifying or annealing the tracks. After the forming process, selective chemical etching finally converts the tracks into cylindrical pores of adjustable diameter.

We present two processes for the microfabrication of porous polymer chips for three-dimensional cell cultivation. The first one is hot embossing combined with a solvent vapour welding process. The second one uses a recently developed microthermoforming process combined with ion track technology leading to a significant simplification of manufacture.

입체 세포 배양을위한 칩 크기의 공사장 공중 발판의 Microfabrication

Using microfabrication technologies is a prerequisite to create scaffolds of reproducible geometry and constant quality for three-dimensional cell ...

Capillary-based Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Size-controllable Formation of Monodisperse Microdroplets

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. W/O microdroplets have recently been used in powerful methods that enable miniaturized chemical experiments. Therefore, developing a versatile method to yield monodisperse W/O microdroplets is needed. We have developed a method for generating monodisperse W/O microdroplets based on a capillary-based centrifugal axisymmetric co-flowing microfluidic device. We succeeded in controlling the size of microdroplets by adjusting the capillary orifice. Our method requires equipment that is easier-to-use than with other microfluidic techniques, requires only a small volume (0.1-1 &#181;l) of sample solution for encapsulation, and enables the production of hundreds of thousands number of W/O microdroplets per second. We expect this method will assist biological studies that require precious biological samples by conserving the volume of the samples for rapid quantitative analysis biochemical and biological studies.

Here, we demonstrate a simple production method for size-controllable, monodisperse, water-in-oil (W/O) microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal microfluidic device. This method requires only a small sample volume and enables high-yield production. We expect this method will be useful for rapid biochemical and cellular analyses.

단 분산 미세 방울의 크기가 제어 형성을위한 모세관 기반 원심 미세 유체 장치

Here, we demonstrate a simple method for the rapid production of size-controllable, monodisperse, W/O microdroplets using a capillary-based centrifugal ...

Formation of Biomembrane Microarrays with a Squeegee-based Assembly Method

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are heterogeneous mixtures of many types of lipids, contain membrane-bound proteins and are decorated with carbohydrates. In some experiments, it is desirable to decouple the biophysical or biochemical properties of the lipid bilayer from those of the natural membrane. Such cases call for the use of model systems such as giant vesicles, liposomes or supported lipid bilayers (SLBs). Arrays of SLBs are particularly attractive for sensing applications and mimicking cell-cell interactions. Here we describe a new method for forming SLB arrays. Submicron-diameter SiO2 beads are first coated with lipid bilayers to form spherical SLBs (SSLBs). The beads are then deposited into an array of micro-fabricated submicron-diameter microwells. The preparation technique uses a "squeegee" to clean the substrate surface, while leaving behind SSLBs that have settled into microwells. This method requires no chemical modification of the microwell substrate, nor any particular targeting ligands on the SSLB. Microwells are occupied by single beads because the well diameter is tuned to be just larger than the bead diameter. Typically, more 75% of the wells are occupied, while the rest remain empty. In buffer SSLB arrays display long-term stability of greater than one week. Multiple types of SSLBs can be placed in a single array by serial deposition, and the arrays can be used for sensing, which we demonstrate by characterizing the interaction of cholera toxin with ganglioside GM1. We also show that phospholipid vesicles without the bead supports and biomembranes from cellular sources can be arrayed with the same method and cell-specific membrane lipids can be identified.

Supported lipid bilayers and natural membrane particles are convenient systems that can approximate the properties of cell membranes and be incorporated in a variety of analytical strategies. Here we demonstrate a method for preparing microarrays composed of supported lipid bilayer-coated SiO2 beads, phospholipid vesicles or natural membrane particles.

스퀴지 기반의 조립 방법과 생체막 마이크로 어레이의 형성

Lipid bilayer membranes form the plasma membranes of cells and define the boundaries of subcellular organelles. In nature, these membranes are ...

생체공학

Lipid Bilayer Vesicle Generation Using Microfluidic Jetting

Bottom-up synthetic biology presents a novel approach for investigating and reconstituting biochemical systems and, potentially, minimal organisms. This emerging field engages engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists to design and assemble basic biological components into complex, functioning systems from the bottom up. Such bottom-up systems could lead to the development of artificial cells for fundamental biological inquiries and innovative therapies1,2. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) can serve as a model platform for synthetic biology due to their cell-like membrane structure and size. Microfluidic jetting, or microjetting, is a technique that allows for the generation of GUVs with controlled size, membrane composition, transmembrane protein incorporation, and encapsulation3. The basic principle of this method is the use of multiple, high-frequency fluid pulses generated by a piezo-actuated inkjet device to deform a suspended lipid bilayer into a GUV. The process is akin to blowing soap bubbles from a soap film. By varying the composition of the jetted solution, the composition of the encompassing solution, and/or the components included in the bilayer, researchers can apply this technique to create customized vesicles. This paper describes the procedure to generate simple vesicles from a droplet interface bilayer by microjetting.

Microfluidic jetting against a droplet interface lipid bilayer provides a reliable way to generate vesicles with control over membrane asymmetry, incorporation of transmembrane proteins, and encapsulation of material. This technique can be applied to study a variety of biological systems where compartmentalized biomolecules are desired.

미세 유체 제트를 사용하여 지질 이중층 소포 세대

Bottom-up synthetic biology presents a novel approach for investigating and reconstituting biochemical systems and, potentially, minimal organisms. This ...

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Controlled patterning of microorganisms into defined spatial arrangements offers unique possibilities for a broad range of biological applications, including studies of microbial physiology and interactions. At the simplest level, accurate spatial patterning of microorganisms would enable reliable, long-term imaging of large numbers of individual cells and transform the ability to quantitatively study distance-dependent microbe-microbe interactions. More uniquely, coupling accurate spatial patterning and full control over environmental conditions, as offered by microfluidic technology, would provide a powerful and versatile platform for single-cell studies in microbial ecology. 
This paper presents a microfluidic platform to produce versatile and user-defined patterns of microorganisms within a microfluidic channel, allowing complete optical access for long-term, high-throughput monitoring. This new microfluidic technology is based on capillarity-assisted particle assembly and exploits the capillary forces arising from the controlled motion of an evaporating suspension inside a microfluidic channel to deposit individual microsized objects in an array of traps microfabricated onto a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. Sequential depositions generate the desired spatial layout of single or multiple types of micro-sized objects, dictated solely by the geometry of the traps and the filling sequence. 
The platform has been calibrated using colloidal particles of different dimensions and materials: it has proven to be a powerful tool to generate diverse colloidal patterns and perform surface functionalization of trapped particles. Furthermore, the platform was tested on microbial cells, using Escherichia coli cells as a model bacterium. Thousands of individual cells were patterned on the surface, and their growth was monitored over time. In this platform, the coupling of single-cell deposition and microfluidic technology allows both geometric patterning of microorganisms and precise control of environmental conditions. It thus opens a window into the physiology of single microbes and the ecology of microbe-microbe interactions, as shown by preliminary experiments.

We present a technology that uses capillarity-assisted assembly in a microfluidic platform to pattern micro-sized objects suspended in a liquid, such as bacteria and colloids, into prescribed arrays on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate.

순차모세혈관 보조 어셈블리를 통한 미생물 및 미생물 입자의 패터닝

Controlled patterning of microorganisms into defined spatial arrangements offers unique possibilities for a broad range of biological applications, ...

Image-guided, Laser-based Fabrication of Vascular-derived Microfluidic Networks

This detailed protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation for the fabrication of vascular-derived microfluidic networks embedded in PEGDA hydrogels. Here, we describe the creation of virtual masks that allow for image-guided laser control; the photopolymerization of a micromolded PEGDA hydrogel, suitable for microfluidic network fabrication and pressure head-driven flow; the setup and use of a commercially available laser scanning confocal microscope paired with a femtosecond pulsed Ti:S laser to induce hydrogel degradation; and the imaging of fabricated microfluidic networks using fluorescent species and confocal microscopy. Much of the protocol is focused on the proper setup and implementation of the microscope software and microscope macro, as these are crucial steps in using a commercial microscope for microfluidic fabrication purposes that contain a number of intricacies. The image-guided component of this technique allows for the implementation of 3D image stacks or user-generated 3D models, thereby allowing for creative microfluidic design and for the fabrication of complex microfluidic systems of virtually any configuration. With an expected impact in tissue engineering, the methods outlined in this protocol could aid in the fabrication of advanced biomimetic microtissue constructs for organ- and human-on-a-chip devices. By mimicking the complex architecture, tortuosity, size, and density of in vivo vasculature, essential biological transport processes can be replicated in these constructs, leading to more accurate in vitro modeling of drug pharmacokinetics and disease.

This protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation to fabricate vascular-derived, biomimetic microfluidic networks embedded in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. These biomimetic microfluidic systems may be useful for tissue engineering applications, generation of in vitro disease models, and fabrication of advanced "on-a-chip" devices.

혈관 유래 미세 유체 네트워크의 이미지 유도, 레이저 기반의 제조

This detailed protocol outlines the implementation of image-guided, laser-based hydrogel degradation for the fabrication of vascular-derived microfluidic ...

A Versatile Method of Patterning Proteins and Cells

Substrate and cell patterning techniques are widely used in cell biology to study cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions. Conventional patterning techniques work well only with simple shapes, small areas and selected bio-materials. This article describes a method to distribute cell suspensions as well as substrate solutions into complex, long, closed (dead-end) polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels using negative pressure. This method enables researchers to pattern multiple substrates including fibronectin, collagen, antibodies (Sal-1), poly-D-lysine (PDL), and laminin. Patterning of substrates allows one to indirectly pattern a variety of cells. We have tested C2C12 myoblasts, the PC12 neuronal cell line, embryonic rat cortical neurons, and amphibian retinal neurons. In addition, we demonstrate that this technique can directly pattern fibroblasts in microfluidic channels via brief application of a low vacuum on cell suspensions. The low vacuum does not significantly decrease cell viability as shown by cell viability assays. Modifications are discussed for application of the method to different cell and substrate types. This technique allows researchers to pattern cells and proteins in specific patterns without the need for exotic materials or equipment and can be done in any laboratory with a vacuum.

This report describes a simple, easy to perform technique, using low pressure vacuum, to fill microfluidic channels with cells and substrates for biological research.

패터닝 단백질과 세포의 다목적 방법

Substrate and cell patterning techniques are widely used in cell biology to study cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions. Conventional patterning ...

Control of Cell Geometry through Infrared Laser Assisted Micropatterning

Micropatterning is an established technique in the cell biology community used to study connections between the morphology and function of cellular compartments while circumventing complications arising from natural cell-to-cell variations. To standardize cell shape, cells are either confined in 3D molds or controlled for adhesive geometry through adhesive islands. However, traditional micropatterning techniques based on photolithography and deep UV etching heavily depend on clean rooms or specialized equipment. Here we present an infrared laser assisted micropatterning technique (microphotopatterning) modified from Doyle et al. that can be conveniently set up with commercially available imaging systems. In this protocol, we use a Nikon A1R MP+ imaging system to generate micropatterns with micron precision through an infrared (IR) laser that ablates preset regions on poly-vinyl alcohol coated coverslips. We employ a custom script to enable automated pattern fabrication with high efficiency and accuracy in systems not equipped with a hardware autofocus. We show that this IR laser assisted micropatterning (microphotopatterning) protocol results in defined patterns to which cells attach exclusively and take on the desired shape. Furthermore, data from a large number of cells can be averaged due to the standardization of cell shape. Patterns generated with this protocol, combined with high resolution imaging and quantitative analysis, can be used for relatively high throughput screens to identify molecular players mediating the link between form and function.

The protocol presented here enables automated fabrication of micropatterns that standardizes cell shape to study cytoskeletal structures within mammalian cells. This user-friendly technique can be set up with commercially available imaging systems and does not require specialized equipment inaccessible to standard cell biology laboratories.

적외선 레이저 보조 마이크로패터닝을 통한 세포 지오메트리 제어

Micropatterning is an established technique in the cell biology community used to study connections between the morphology and function of cellular ...