The authors have nothing to acknowledge.

모든 절차를 검토하고 충남 대학교 병원의 임상 시험 심사위원회의 승인을했다. 초음파 1. 측정 <ol><li> 환자의 자세를 설정합니다. <ol><li> 침대에 두 팔과 더불어, 앙와위에서 환자의 팔을 놓습니다. </li></ol></li><li> 환자의 상지의 측정 위치를 결정합니다. <ol><li> 손목 주름의 중간 지점에 마크 내측 팔꿈치의 수준 측면 epicondyles와 펜으로 bicipital 홈 사이의 중간 점. </li><li> 펜을 사용하여 직접 통치자에 의해이 세 점을 연결합니다. 상단과 팔뚝 (그림 1)에있는 두 개의 대상 영역을 표시합니다. <ol><li> 팔꿈치와 bicipital 홈 사이의 선을 따라 팔꿈치 지점에 인접 부분, 10cm의 근위부를 표시합니다. </li><li> 팔꿈치와 손목 사이의 선을 따라 팔꿈치 포인트의 말단 부분, 10cm의 말단을 표시합니다. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 상지의 피하 조직과 근육의 두께를 측정한다. 절차는 당업자 소노 그래퍼가 수행되어야한다. <ol><li> 초음파 시스템에서 전환합니다. 키보드를 통해 연부 조직의 2D 모드를 입력합니다. 5cm에 깊이를 설정합니다. <ol><li> 14L5 선형 배열 변환기를 선택합니다. </li><li> 초음파 변환기에 충분한 젤을 적용합니다. 피하 조직에 초점을 맞 춥니 다. </li></ol></li><li> 상지 복부 축에 수직 초음파 변환기를 놓습니다. 짧은 축보기를 사용하십시오. 겔의 두께는 적어도 1cm이고, 연조직 형상이 왜곡하지 않은 이미지를 캡처. </li><li> 근육 및 피하 조직의 두께를 측정한다. <ol><li> 초음파 시스템의 키보드를 통해 소프트웨어의 교정기를 선택하여 선을 그립니다 </li><li> 가장 높은 지점에 뼈의 경계에서 가장 높은 지점에서 거리로 정의 근육의 두께를 측정근막의 경계 부분에 (그림 2). </li><li> 근막에 피부로부터의 거리로 정의 피하 조직의 두께를 측정한다. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> BCRL하는 초음파 2. 임상 응용 프로그램 <ol><li> 기준선에서의 상지의 피하 조직과 근육의 두께를 측정한다. <ol><li> 단계 1에 도시 된 순서로베이스 라인 측정을 수행한다. </li></ol></li><li> 0.5 kg 아령 (14)를 사용하는 대가로 일련의를 수행하기 위해 환자를 지시한다. <ol><li> 환자에게 압축 스타킹 또는 착용 다층 붕대를 제공합니다. 0.5 kg 아령을 선택합니다. </li><li> 다음 순서로 PRES을 수행하기 위해 환자를 지시한다 : (1) 아령, (2) 삼두근 확장, (3) 한 팔 굽혀 오버 행 (4) 이두근 컬, (5) 아령 측면 인상 및 비행 (6 ) 앞으로 팔을 들어 올려 (그림 3). <ol><li> 6를 완료하기 위해 환자 지시운동을 하루에 두 번, 다음 일정에있어서, 상기 1 차 주 동안 5 회, 2 차 주 동안 10 회, 제 3 회 주 동안 15 회, 4 번째 주 동안 20 회, 25 회 5 일 -8 일 주 (그림 4) 동안 각. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 기존 치료에 비해 PRE의 치료 효과를 확인하기 위해 초음파를 사용합니다. <ol><li> 4 주와 8 주에 피하 조직 및 상지의 근육의 두께를 측정한다. 단계 1에 도시 한 순서로 측정을 수행한다. </li></ol></li><li> 기준 4 주, 8 주 후에 피하 조직과 근육의 두께를 계산한다. </li><li> 데이터를 분석 할 수 있습니다. <ol><li> 페어링 t의 -test를 사용하여 두 팔 사이의 차이를 비교한다. 반복 - 측정 ANOVA를 이용하여 피하 조직과 근육 두께의 변화를 비교. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

BCRL의 평가는 팔 둘레 테이프 측정 물 변위 측정 bioimpedance 분광법 perometry (광전자 volumeter), 림프, 임상 진단, 또는 환자가 스스로보고 팽윤 등 다양한 방법을 통해 수행 될 수있다. 그러나 BCRL의 측정에 대한 기준은 없습니다; 치료의 진단 기간 병원에 따라 여러 가지 방법으로 경험적으로 결정될 수있다. 임상 적으로, 줄자로 팔 둘레를 측정하는 가장 인기있는 편리한 방법입?...

림프 부종은 체액 저류 및 조직이 손상 림프 시스템 1, 2에 의해 단백질이 풍부한 인한 부종 지역화의 조건으로 정의된다. 림프 부종이 진행됨에 따라, 섬유 세포 및 / 또는 지방 세포는 피부와 피하 조직과 세균 및 진균 감염 3,4으로 증가 취약점의 질감의 변화를 선도하는, 영향을받는 지역에 확산. 사지의 여러 부분에서 이러한 변화의 관찰은 더 심각와 림프 부종의 정도를 규명 할 수있다. subfascial 림프 시스템은 더 epifascial 림프계보다 림프 부종의 정도에 기여한다. 최근의 연구는 주로 림프 부종 5,6의 진단에서 초음파의 사용에 초점을 맞추고있다. 초음파는 연부 조직의 특성을 관찰하기 위해 상대적으로 저렴한 방법이다. 이전의 연구는 림프 부종 확실 t 비교하여 초음파 진단을 할 수 있다고보고그 피부 및 피하 조직의 두께 또한 임상 설정 7,8에서 피하 조직의 적합성을 평가함으로써. 또한, 초음파 검사가 널리 때문에 쉬운 접근성, 방사선 노출에 안전, 쌈 5,6의 병원에서 사용된다. 이러한 장점에도 불구하고, 림프 부종에 대한 초음파에 대한 연구뿐만 아니라 치료 적 개입의 평가에 진단에 초점을 맞추고있다. 따라서, 현재의 연구에 BCRL PRE의 효과를 아는데 초음파의 유용성뿐만 아니라 결정하는 목표이지만 초음파 치료 효능을 확인의 후속 테스트와 같은 임상 적 의의를 가지고 있는지 여부도. 본 연구는 림프 부종을 조사하기 위해 수행 초음파에 대한 프로토콜을 확립 하였다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ACUSON S2000</td>
			<td>Siemens</td>
			<td>10041461</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eco Gel 99</td>
			<td>Seung Won Medical Corp.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ultrasonographic evaluation of breast cancer-related lymphedema

림프 부종은 유방암 수술 후 가장 흔한 합병증의 하나이다. 이 림프 부종에 대한 다양한 진단 도구가 있지만 표준 방법은 아직 존재하지 않는다. 진보적 인 저항 운동 (PRE)를 추가 붓기없이 림프 부종을 개선 할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 근육 및 피하 조직의 두께의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 초음파를 이용하여 림프 부종의 PRE의 치료 효과를 보였다. 피하 조직의 두께는 비 PRE 군보다 PRE기를 더 감소 하였다. 초음파 널리 때문에 쉬운 접근성, 안전성, 경제성의 많은 병원에서 사용된다. 초음파 진단 및 유방암 관련 림프 부종 (BCRL)에 치료 효과를 판정하기위한 최선의 도구 중 하나이다.

이 연구는 BCRL으로 진단 된 32 명의 환자를 포함했다. 근육 및 피하 조직 및 근위 및 원위 상지의 둘레의 두께는 기준선 4 주 및 PRE 후 8주 측정 하였다. 시험관 줄자와 상지의 둘레를 측정 한 다음, 근육 내 및 피하 조직의 두께를 초음파로 측정 하였다. 환자 임의로 PRE 기 및 비 PRE 그룹으로 나누었다. 참가자는 측정 및 평가 세션 전에 자신의 그룹 할당을 공개하지 않을 생각...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema at JoVE.com

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema

진단 및 추적 검사에 대한이 연구 활용 초음파 유방암 관련 림프 부종 (BCRL)에서 진보적 인 저항 운동 (PRE)의 치료 효능을 확인합니다. 초음파 진단 및 림프 부종의 치료를 위해 효과적으로 적용 할 수있다.

유방암 관련 림프 부종의 초음파 평가

Lymphedema is one of the most common complications after breast cancer surgery. There are many diagnostic tools for lymphedema, but no standard method yet ...

ultrasonographic-evaluation-of-breast-cancer-related-lymphedema

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

9.1K 조회수.  Chungnam National University Hospital (CNUH).  진단 및 추적 검사에 대한이 연구 활용 초음파 유방암 관련 림프 부종 (BCRL)에서 진보적 인 저항 운동 (PRE)의 치료 효능을 확인합니다. 초음파 진단 및 림프 부종의 치료를 위해 효과적으로 적용 할 수있다. 

비디오: Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema

Utilizing Functional Genomics Screening to Identify Potentially Novel Drug Targets in Cancer Cell Spheroid Cultures

The identification of functional driver events in cancer is central to furthering our understanding of cancer biology and indispensable for the discovery of the next generation of novel drug targets. It is becoming apparent that more complex models of cancer are required to fully appreciate the contributing factors that drive tumorigenesis in vivo and increase the efficacy of novel therapies that make the transition from pre-clinical models to clinical trials.
Here we present a methodology for generating uniform and reproducible tumor spheroids that can be subjected to siRNA functional screening. These spheroids display many characteristics that are found in solid tumors that are not present in traditional two-dimension culture. We show that several commonly used breast cancer cell lines are amenable to this protocol. Furthermore, we provide proof-of-principle data utilizing the breast cancer cell line BT474, confirming their dependency on amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 and mutation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA) when grown as tumor spheroids. Finally, we are able to further investigate and confirm the spatial impact of these dependencies using immunohistochemistry.

Identifying novel drug targets that transition from pre-clinical testing to human trials is a scientific priority. To that end, here we describe a functional genomics approach for examining the impact of gene depletion on cancer cell line spheroids, which more appropriately model human cancers in vivo.

기능 유전체학에게 검사를 활용하여 암 세포 회전 타원체 문화에 잠재적으로 소설 약 표적을 식별하는

The identification of functional driver events in cancer is central to furthering our understanding of cancer biology and indispensable for the discovery ...

연구

암 연구학

Invasive Behavior of Human Breast Cancer Cells in Embryonic Zebrafish

In many cases, cancer patients do not die of a primary tumor, but rather because of metastasis. Although numerous rodent models are available for studying cancer metastasis in vivo, other efficient, reliable, low-cost models are needed to quickly access the potential effects of (epi)genetic changes or pharmacological compounds. As such, we illustrate and explain the feasibility of xenograft models using human breast cancer cells injected into zebrafish embryos to support this goal. Under the microscope, fluorescent proteins or chemically labeled human breast cancer cells are transplanted into transgenic zebrafish embryos, Tg (fli:EGFP), at the perivitelline space or duct of Cuvier (Doc) 48 h after fertilization. Shortly afterwards, the temporal-spatial process of cancer cell invasion, dissemination, and metastasis in the living fish body is visualized under a fluorescent microscope. The models using different injection sites, i.e., perivitelline space or Doc are complementary to one another, reflecting the early stage (intravasation step) and late stage (extravasation step) of the multistep metastatic cascade of events. Moreover, peritumoral and intratumoral angiogenesis can be observed with the injection into the perivitelline space. The entire experimental period is no more than 8 days. These two models combine cell labeling, micro-transplantation, and fluorescence imaging techniques, enabling the rapid evaluation of cancer metastasis in response to genetic and pharmacological manipulations.

Here, we describe xenograft zebrafish models using two different injection sites, i.e., perivitelline space and duct of Cuvier, to investigate the invasive behavior and to assess the intravasation and extravasation potential of human breast cancer cells, respectively.

배아 Zebrafish의 인간 유방암 세포의 침략 행동

In many cases, cancer patients do not die of a primary tumor, but rather because of metastasis. Although numerous rodent models are available for studying ...

Live-imaging of Breast Epithelial Cell Migration After the Transient Depletion of TIP60

The wound-healing assay is efficient and one of the most economical ways to study cell migration in vitro. Conventionally, images are taken at the beginning and end of an experiment using a phase-contrast microscope, and the migration abilities of cells are evaluated by the closure of wounds. However, cell movement is a dynamic phenomenon, and a conventional method does not allow for tracking single-cell movement. To improve current wound-healing assays, we use live-cell imaging techniques to monitor cell migration in real time. This method allows us to determine the cell migration rate based on a cell tracking system and provides a clearer distinction between cell migration and cell proliferation. Here, we demonstrate the use of live-cell imaging in wound-healing assays to study the different migration abilities of breast epithelial cells influenced by the presence of TIP60. As cell motility is highly dynamic, our method provides more insights into the processes of wound healing than a snapshot of wound closure taken with the traditional imaging techniques used for wound-healing assays.

Here, we present the real-time monitoring of cell migration in a wound-healing assay using TIP60-depleted MCF10A breast epithelial cells. The implementation of live-cell imaging techniques in our protocol allows us to analyze and visualize single-cell movement in real time and across time.

TIP60의 과도 한 소모 후 유 방 상피 세포 이동의 라이브 영상

The wound-healing assay is efficient and one of the most economical ways to study cell migration in vitro. Conventionally, images are taken at the ...

Evaluating the Role of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer-related Fatigue

Fatigue is a common and debilitating condition that affects most cancer patients. To date, fatigue remains poorly characterized with no diagnostic test to objectively measure the severity of this condition. Here we describe an optimized method for assessing mitochondrial function of PBMCs collected from fatigued cancer patients. Using a compact extracellular flux system and sequential injection of respiratory inhibitors, we examined PBMC mitochondrial functional status by measuring basal mitochondrial respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and energy phenotype, which describes the preferred energy pathway to respond to stress. Fresh PBMCs are readily available in the clinical setting using standard phlebotomy. The entire assay described in this protocol can be completed in less than 4 hours without the involvement of complex biochemical techniques. Additionally, we describe a normalization method that is necessary for obtaining reproducible data. The simple procedure and normalization methods presented allow for repeated sample collection from the same patient and generation of reproducible data that can be compared between time points to evaluate potential treatment effects.

Our goal was to develop a practical protocol to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction associated with fatigue in cancer patients. This innovative protocol is optimized for clinical use involving only standard phlebotomy and basic laboratory procedures.

암 관련 피로에 미토 콘 드리 아 기능의 역할 평가

Fatigue is a common and debilitating condition that affects most cancer patients. To date, fatigue remains poorly characterized with no diagnostic test to ...

Establishment and Characterization of Three Afatinib-resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma PC-9 Cell Lines Developed with Increasing Doses of Afatinib

Acquired resistance to molecular target inhibitors is a severe problem in cancer therapy. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in most countries. The discovery of "oncogenic driver mutations," such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations, and subsequent development of molecular targeted agents of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, and osimertinib) have dramatically altered lung cancer treatment in recent decades. However, these drugs are still not effective in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carrying EGFR-activating mutations. Following acquired resistance, the systemic progression of NSCLC remains a significant obstacle in treating patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Here, we present a stepwise dose escalation method for establishing three independent acquired afatinib-resistant cell lines from NSCLC PC-9 cells harboring EGFR-activating mutations of 15-base pair deletions in EGFR exon 19. Methods for characterizing the three independent afatinib-resistance cell lines are briefly presented. The acquired resistance mechanisms to EGFR TKIs are heterogeneous. Therefore, multiple cell lines with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs must be examined. Ten to twelve months are required to obtain cell lines with acquired resistance using this stepwise dose escalation approach. The discovery of novel acquired resistance mechanisms will contribute to the development of more effective and safe therapeutic strategies.

A method for establishing afatinib-resistance cell lines from lung adenocarcinoma PC-9 cells was developed, and resistant cells were characterized. The resistant cells can be used to investigate epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistance mechanisms, applicable for patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

아파티닙 내성 폐 선암 종 PC-9 세포주 의 설립 및 특성은 아파티닙의 증가 복용량으로 개발

Acquired resistance to molecular target inhibitors is a severe problem in cancer therapy. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in ...

Differentiation of Mouse Breast Epithelial HC11 and EpH4 Cells

Cadherins play an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation as well as neoplasia. Here we describe the origins and methods of the induction of differentiation of two mouse breast epithelial cell lines, HC11 and EpH4, and their use to study complementary stages of mammary gland development and neoplastic transformation.
The HC11 mouse breast epithelial cell line originated from the mammary gland of a pregnant Balb/c mouse. It differentiates when grown to confluence attached to a plastic Petri dish surface in medium containing fetal calf serum and Hydrocortisone, Insulin and Prolactin (HIP medium). Under these conditions, HC11 cells produce the milk proteins &#946;-casein and whey acidic protein (WAP), similar to lactating mammary epithelial cells, and form rudimentary mammary gland-like structures termed &#34;domes&#34;.
The EpH4 cell line was derived from spontaneously immortalized mouse mammary gland epithelial cells isolated from a pregnant Balb/c mouse. Unlike HC11, EpH4 cells can fully differentiate into spheroids (also called mammospheres) when cultured under three-dimensional (3D) growth conditions in HIP medium. Cells are trypsinized, suspended in a 20% matrix consisting of a mixture of extracellular matrix proteins produced by Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells, plated on top of a layer of concentrated matrix coating a plastic Petri dish or multiwell plate, and covered with a layer of 10% matrix-containing HIP medium. Under these conditions, EpH4 cells form hollow spheroids that exhibit apical-basal polarity, a hollow lumen, and produce &#946;-casein and WAP.
Using these techniques, our results demonstrated that the intensity of the cadherin/Rac signal is critical for the differentiation of HC11 cells. While Rac1 is necessary for differentiation and low levels of activated RacV12 increase differentiation, high RacV12 levels block differentiation while inducing neoplasia. In contrast, EpH4 cells represent an earlier stage in mammary epithelial differentiation, which is inhibited by even low levels of RacV12.

We describe techniques for differentiation induction of two breast epithelial lines, HC11 and EpH4. While both require fetal calf serum, insulin, and prolactin to produce milk proteins, EpH4 cells can fully differentiate into mammospheres in three-dimensional culture. These complementary models are useful for signal transduction studies of differentiation and neoplasia.

마우스 유방 상피 HC11 및 EpH4 세포의 분화

Cadherins play an important role in the regulation of cell differentiation as well as neoplasia. Here we describe the origins and methods of the induction ...

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. When compared to patients with less aggressive breast tumors, the 5-year survival rate of TNBC patients is 77% due to their characteristic drug-resistant phenotype and metastatic burden. Toward this end, murine models have been established aimed at identifying novel therapeutic strategies limiting TNBC tumor growth and metastatic spread. This work describes a practical guide for the TNBC orthotopic model where MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suspended in a basement membrane matrix are implanted in the fourth mammary fat pad, which closely mimics the cancer cell behavior in humans. Measurement of tumors by caliper, lung metastasis assessment via in vivo and ex vivo imaging, and molecular detection are discussed. This model provides an excellent platform to study therapeutic efficacy and is especially suitable for the study of the interaction between the primary tumor and distal metastatic sites.

This work presets an advanced protocol to accurately assess tumor loading by detection of green fluorescent protein and bioluminescence signals as well as the integration of quantitative molecular detection technique.

정형외 유방암 모델을 사용하여 삼중 음성 유방암 을 연구

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with limited therapeutic options. When compared to patients with less ...

Measuring the Motor Aspect of Cancer-Related Fatigue using a Handheld Dynamometer

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is commonly reported by patients both during and after receiving treatment for cancer. Current CRF diagnoses rely on self-report questionnaires which are subject to report and recall biases. Objective measurements using a handheld dynamometer, or handgrip device, have been shown in recent studies to correlate significantly with subjective self-reported fatigue scores. However, variations of both the handgrip fatigue test and fatigue index calculations exist in the literature. The lack of standardized methods limits the utilization of the handgrip fatigue test in the clinical and research settings. In this study, we provide detailed methods for administering the physical fatigue test and calculating the fatigue index. These methods should supplement existing self-reported fatigue questionnaires and help clinicians assess fatigue symptom severity in an objective and quantitative manner.

Simple and accessible methods were developed to measure the motor aspect of cancer-related fatigue objectively and quantitatively. We describe, in detail, ways to administer the physical fatigue test using a simple handgrip device as well as methods to calculate fatigue indices.

핸드헬드 동력계를 사용하여 암 관련 피로의 모터 측면 측정

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is commonly reported by patients both during and after receiving treatment for cancer. Current CRF diagnoses rely on ...

Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

Preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic response are critical for translational breast cancer research. Immortalized cell lines are easy to grow and genetically modify to study molecular mechanisms, yet the selective pressure from cell culture often leads to genetic and epigenetic alterations over time. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models faithfully recapitulate the heterogeneity and drug response of human breast tumors. PDX models exhibit a relatively short latency after orthotopic transplantation that facilitates the investigation of breast tumor biology and drug response. The transplantable genetically engineered mouse models allow the study of breast tumor immunity. The current protocol describes the method to orthotopically transplant breast tumor fragments into the mammary fat pad followed by drug treatments. These preclinical models provide valuable approaches to investigate breast tumor biology, drug response, biomarker discovery and mechanisms of drug resistance.

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and transplantable genetically engineered mouse models faithfully recapitulate human disease and are preferred models for basic and translational breast cancer research. Here, a method is described to orthotopically transplant breast tumor fragments into the mammary fat pad to study tumor biology and evaluate drug response.

유방암을 위한 전임상 모형으로 유방 종양의 정형소 이식

Preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic response are critical for translational breast cancer research. ...

Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of death for women. Despite more than $700 million invested in BC research annually, 97% of candidate BC drugs fail clinical trials. Therefore, new models are needed to improve our understanding of the disease. The NIH Microphysiological Systems (MPS) program was developed to improve the clinical translation of basic science discoveries and promising new therapeutic strategies. Here we present a method for generating MPS for breast cancers (BC-MPS). This model adapts a previously described approach of culturing primary human white adipose tissue (WAT) by sandwiching WAT between adipose-derived stem cell sheets (ASC)s. Novel aspects of our BC-MPS include seeding BC cells into non-diseased human breast tissue (HBT) containing native extracellular matrix, mature adipocytes, resident fibroblasts, and immune cells; and sandwiching the BC-HBT admixture between HBT-derived ASC sheets. The resulting BC-MPS is stable in culture ex vivo for at least 14 days. This model system contains multiple elements of the microenvironment that influence BC including adipocytes, stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. Thus BC-MPS can be used to study the interactions between BC and its microenvironment. 
We demonstrate the advantages of our BC-MPS by studying two BC behaviors known to influence cancer progression and metastasis: 1) BC motility and 2) BC-HBT metabolic crosstalk. While BC motility has previously been demonstrated using intravital imaging, BC-MPS allows for high-resolution time-lapse imaging using fluorescence microscopy over several days. Furthermore, while metabolic crosstalk was previously demonstrated using BC cells and murine pre-adipocytes differentiated into immature adipocytes, our BC-MPS model is the first system to demonstrate this crosstalk between primary human mammary adipocytes and BC cells in vitro.

This protocol describes the construction of an in vitro microphysiological system for studying breast cancer using primary human breast tissue with off the shelf materials.

미생물 시스템을 사용하여 인간 유방 조직에서 유방암 모델링

Breast cancer (BC) remains a leading cause of death for women. Despite more than $700 million invested in BC research annually, 97% of candidate BC drugs ...