저자는 Zebrafish International Resource Center의 Dr. Katy Murray를 인정하고자합니다. 프로토콜에 대한 도움을 준 CCHMC의 Stacey Huppert 박사와 Kari Huppert 박사; 및 CCHMC 수의 진료 서비스를 제공합니다. 이 연구는 NIH 보조금 R00AA020514와 CCHMC의 소아과 유전체 센터 (CY) 연구 보조금에 의해 지원되었습니다. 그것은 또한 신시내티의 소화기 질환 연구 핵심 센터의 NIH 교부금 P30 DK078392 (통합 형태 골격)에 의해 부분적으로 지원되었다.

<ol>
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K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolving+frequency+and+outcomes+of+liver+transplantation+based+on+etiology+of+liver+disease.">Evolving frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation based on etiology of liver disease.</a> Transplantation. 95 (5), 755-760 (2013).</li><li>Louvet, A., Mathurin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alcoholic+liver+disease:+mechanisms+of+injury+and+targeted+treatment.">Alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment.</a> Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12 (4), 231-242 (2015).</li><li>Ki, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-22+treatment+ameliorates+alcoholic+liver+injury+in+a+murine+model+of+chronic-binge+ethanol+feeding:+role+of+signal+transducer+and+activator+of+transcription+3.">Interleukin-22 treatment ameliorates alcoholic liver injury in a murine model of chronic-binge ethanol feeding: role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.</a> Hepatology. 52 (4), 1291-1300 (2010).</li><li>Tsuchiya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interstrain+differences+in+liver+injury+and+one-carbon+metabolism+in+alcohol-fed+mice.">Interstrain differences in liver injury and one-carbon metabolism in alcohol-fed mice.</a> Hepatology. 56 (1), 130-139 (2012).</li><li>Koteish, A., Yang, S., Lin, H., Huang, X., Diehl, A. 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N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Animal+Model+for+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease+in+Zebrafish.">Development of an Animal Model for Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish.</a> Zebrafish. , (2015).</li><li>Passeri, M. J., Cinaroglu, A., Gao, C., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+steatosis+in+response+to+acute+alcohol+exposure+in+zebrafish+requires+sterol+regulatory+element+binding+protein+activation.">Hepatic steatosis in response to acute alcohol exposure in zebrafish requires sterol regulatory element binding protein activation.</a> Hepatology. 49 (2), 443-452 (2009).</li><li>Tsedensodnom, O., Vacaru, A. M., Howarth, D. L., Yin, C., Sadler, K. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+bHLH+transcription+factor+Hand2+marks+hepatic+stellate+cells+in+zebrafish:+Analysis+of+stellate+cell+entry+into+the+developing+liver.">The bHLH transcription factor Hand2 marks hepatic stellate cells in zebrafish: Analysis of stellate cell entry into the developing liver.</a> Hepatology. , (2012).</li><li>Lassen, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+cloning,+baculovirus+expression,+and+tissue+distribution+of+the+zebrafish+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+2.">Molecular cloning, baculovirus expression, and tissue distribution of the zebrafish aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.</a> Drug Metab Dispos. 33 (5), 649-656 (2005).</li><li>Reimers, M. J., Hahn, M. E., Tanguay, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+zebrafish+alcohol+dehydrogenases+share+common+ancestry+with+mammalian+class+I,+II,+IV,+and+V+alcohol+dehydrogenase+genes+but+have+distinct+functional+characteristics.">Two zebrafish alcohol dehydrogenases share common ancestry with mammalian class I, II, IV, and V alcohol dehydrogenase genes but have distinct functional characteristics.</a> J Biol Chem. 279 (37), 38303-38312 (2004).</li><li>Zhang, C., Ellis, J. L., Yin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+signaling+facilitates+liver+repair+from+acute+ethanol-induced+injury+in+zebrafish.">Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling facilitates liver repair from acute ethanol-induced injury in zebrafish.</a> Dis Model Mech. , (2016).</li><li>Vonghia, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+alcohol+intoxication.">Acute alcohol intoxication.</a> Eur J Intern Med. 19 (8), 561-567 (2008).</li><li>Wittekind, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traditional+staining+for+routine+diagnostic+pathology+including+the+role+of+tannic+acid.+1.+Value+and+limitations+of+the+hematoxylin-eosin+stain.">Traditional staining for routine diagnostic pathology including the role of tannic acid. 1. Value and limitations of the hematoxylin-eosin stain.</a> Biotech Histochem. 78 (5), 261-270 (2003).</li><li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Zebrafish Book: A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). , (2007).</li><li>Theise, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathology+of+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Histopathology of alcoholic liver disease.</a> Clinical Liver Disease. 2 (2), (2013).</li><li>Lorent, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Jagged-mediated+Notch+signaling+disrupts+zebrafish+biliary+development+and+generates+multi-organ+defects+compatible+with+an+Alagille+syndrome+phenocopy.">Inhibition of Jagged-mediated Notch signaling disrupts zebrafish biliary development and generates multi-organ defects compatible with an Alagille syndrome phenocopy.</a> Development. 131 (22), 5753-5766 (2004).</li><li>Huang, M., Xu, J., Shin, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Ethanol-induced+Fibrotic+Liver+Model+in+Zebrafish+to+Study+Progenitor+Cell-mediated+Hepatocyte+Regeneration.">Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration.</a> J Vis Exp. (111), (2016).</li><li>Paredes, J. F., Lopez-Olmeda, J. F., Martinez, F. J., Sanchez-Vazquez, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Daily+rhythms+of+lipid+metabolic+gene+expression+in+zebra+fish+liver:+Response+to+light/dark+and+feeding+cycles.">Daily rhythms of lipid metabolic gene expression in zebra fish liver: Response to light/dark and feeding cycles.</a> Chronobiol Int. 32 (10), 1438-1448 (2015).</li><li>Meeker, N. D., Hutchinson, S. A., Ho, L., Trede, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+isolation+of+PCR-ready+genomic+DNA+from+zebrafish+tissues.">Method for isolation of PCR-ready genomic DNA from zebrafish tissues.</a> Biotechniques. 43 (5), 610-614 (2007).</li><li>van der Velden, Y. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+serine-threonine+kinase+LKB1+is+essential+for+survival+under+energetic+stress+in+zebrafish.">The serine-threonine kinase LKB1 is essential for survival under energetic stress in zebrafish.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (11), 4358-4363 (2011).</li></ol>

저자는 경쟁적인 금전적 이해 관계가 없다고 선언합니다.

현재의 프로토콜은 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서의 급성 에탄올 처리 및 H &amp; E 염색으로 인한 조직 병리학 적 분석을위한 상세한 절차를 기술한다. 급성 에탄올 치료는 제브라 피쉬 간이 알코올 대사 효소를 발현하기 시작하기 때문에 수정 후 96 시간 이내에 시행해야합니다 13 . 2 % 에탄올은 유충이 13 , 14 를 견딜 수있는 최대 투여 량입니...

알코올 과다 복용으로 인한 알코올 중독 (Alcoholic Liver Disease, ALD)은 알코올과 관련된 이환율 및 사망률의 주요 원인입니다. 미국에서는 간 질환으로 인한 사망의 거의 절반이 알코올 1 을 포함하고 있으며 ALD는 간 이식 3 건 중 거의 1 건을 담당하고 있습니다 2 . ALD는 광범위한 스펙트럼을 가지고 있습니다. 간세포는 과도한 지질 축적으로 특징 지어지며, 과도한 음주의 초기 단계에서 발생하며 알코올 사용을 중단하면 되돌릴 수 있습니다. 유전 적 및 환경 적 요인의 영향과 지속적인 알코올 섭취로 인해 간 지방증은 알콜 성 간염으로 진행될 수 있으며 결국에는 간경변 3이 될 수 있습니다. 설치류 ALD 모델을 이용한 연구는 질병에 대한 상당한 통찰력을 제공해 왔지만 제한이있다 (참고 문헌 3 에서 검토). 알코올 다이어트의 경구 섭취는 설치류에서 지방증을 일으 킵니다 4 ,/ sup&gt; 5 . 염증과 섬유화의 발달에는 침략적이고 기술적 인 도전 인 제 2 모욕 6 , 7 또는 만성 위 내 주입이 필요합니다 8 , 9 . 텔레스트로 제브라 피쉬는 또한 만성 및 급성 알코올 치료 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 에 대한 반응으로 간 손상을 일으 킵니다. 특히, 유생 제브라 피쉬는 급성 알코올성 간 손상 10 , 11 , 13 , 15 를 연구 할 수있는 매력적인 보완 모델 유기체를 대표합니다. 제브라 피쉬 간은 기능적이며 에탄올 대사에 중요한 효소를 4 일까지 생산합니다s post-fertilization (dpf) 13 , 16 , 17. 에탄올은 물에 직접 첨가 할 수 있으며 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올에 노출하면 제브라 피쉬 애벌레 13 , 15 에서 간 지방증과 섬유화 반응을 유도하기에 충분합니다. 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올로 처리하면 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서 조직 에탄올 농도가 80 mM이되는 것으로보고되었습니다. 다른 사람들은 애벌레가이 농도를 용인하고 처리 된 동물에서 보이는 간 표현형이 에탄올 노출에 특유하다는 것을 보여주었습니다 11 , 13 , 15 , 18 . 그러나 80 mM은 사람에게 거의 치사되기 때문에 에탄올 처리 된 제브라 피쉬의 간 조직학을 평가하고인간과 생리적 인 연관성을 찾으십시오. 빠른 제브라 피쉬 애벌레의 외부 발달과 반투명은 실시간 및 고정 표본에서 간 내의 알코올 작용을 특성화하는 것을 가능하게합니다. 세포 유형 특이 적 형광 형질 전환 계통의 이용 가능성과 공 촛점 현미경 검사법의 최근 진보는 급성 에탄올 치료 11,15에 대한 반응으로 간세포 유형이 형태 및 행동을 어떻게 변화시키는 지에 대한 연구를 용이하게한다. 그러나 형광 형질 감염 제브라 피쉬의 공 촛점 이미징은 간 조직학을 연구 할 때 Hematoxylin과 Eosin (H &amp; E) 염색을 완전히 대체 할 수 없습니다. 트랜스 제닉 제브라 피쉬를 사용하여 모든 간 세포 유형을 동시에 표시하려면 개개의 트랜스 제닉 라인을 생성해야하며, 각 트랜스 제닉 라인은 고유 한 형광 단이있는 간 세포 유형을 표시합니다. 같은 물고기에 다른 형질 전환 배경을 도입하는 것은 breedin을 필요로한다.g 세대가 필요하며, 이는 많은 시간과 비용이 소요됩니다. 세포 외 기질 성분을 검출하기 위해서는 추가적인 면역 형광 염색이 필요합니다. 반면에 H &amp; E 염색법은 모든 간세포 유형과 세포 외 기질 성분을 동시에 표시하여 간의 개요를 제공합니다 20 . 또한 간세포 폐사, 지방증, 섬유증과 같은 간 질환의 여러 병리학 적 특징을 쉽게 알 수 있습니다. H &amp; E는 포유류의 간 조직학에서 일상적인 얼룩이지만, 제브라 피쉬 간 연구에 일반적으로 사용되지는 않으며 프로토콜이 잘 확립되지 않습니다. 이 연구는 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서의 급성 에탄올 처리 및 H &amp; E 염색을 사용한 후속 조직 검사를위한 프로토콜을 설명합니다. H &amp; E 염색 프로토콜은 간 개발 및 기능에 대한 모든 연구에 사용될 수 있습니다. 또한, 파라핀 절편은 면역 조직 화학뿐만 아니라 다른 특수한 역에 사용될 수 있습니다trichrome stain, reticulin stain 등 간 병리학 적 특징.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1137">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">1.5 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">E &#38; K Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">280150</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>89039-664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>89039-658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">95% ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Labs, Inc.</td>
			<td>2801</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td>10010A</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Research Products International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9012-36-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Aluminum jar rack holder</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5300JRK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bacteriological petri dishes with lid</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>351029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Biopsy pads</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Simport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M476.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Charged slides</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Clear mounting media</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8310-16</td>
			<td>Can be substituted with other clear mounting media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Commercial sea salts</td>
			<td>Instant Ocean</td>
			<td>SS15-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Disposable microtome blades</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4280L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>Leica Mz 95</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Enclosed tissue processor</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>ASP300 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Eosin-Phloxine stain set</td>
			<td>Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td>1082A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Ethyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E7023</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Formaldehyde solution, ACS reagent, 37 WT. % in H20, contains 10-15% methanol as stabilizer (to prevent polymerization)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>252549</td>
			<td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Formalin, Buffered, 10%</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SF100-4</td>
			<td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Graduated media bottle</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16159-520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Harris hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Poly Scientific R&#38;D Corp.</td>
			<td>s212</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Histology molds</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sakura Finetek USA Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Hot plate/Stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">47751-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A144</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">97058-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Insulin syringes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">BD Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BD-309301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:645px;">Inverted compound microscope</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Carl Zeiss Microscopy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">491912-9850-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isopropanol</td>
			<td>Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td>12094E</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Methylene blue</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9140</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td colspan="2">Leica Jung BioCut 2035&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nutating mixer</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>82007-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P6148-1KG</td>
			<td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Pasteur pipet</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">53283-916</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Pipette pump (10 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">53502-233</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium phosphate, monobasic (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td>Grainger</td>
			<td>4A807</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Slide Staining Kit</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5300KIT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</td>
			<td>Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td>S318-500</td>
			<td>Very hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium phosphate, dibasic (Na2HPO4)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3264</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Stainless steel strainer (5 inch diameter)</td>
			<td>Adaptive Science Tools</td>
			<td>L0906045in</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Tissue cassettes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Simport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M505.12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Tissue embedding center</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sakura Finetek USA Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#5100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue wipers, 1-Ply</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>06666A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Transfer pipets</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">137117M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tricaine powder/Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate salt</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5040</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris base, primary standard and buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Wash bottle, low-density polyethylene, wide mouth</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Nalge Nunc International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2402-0750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Xylenes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">X3S-4</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

histological analyses of acute alcoholic liver injury in zebrafish

알콜 성 간 질환 (ALD)은 급성 또는 만성 알코올 남용으로 인한 간 손상을 의미합니다. 그것은 알코올 관련 이환 및 사망의 주요 원인 중 하나이며 미국에서 2 백만 명이 넘는 사람들에게 영향을 미칩니다. 알콜로 유발 된 간 손상의 근본적인 세포 및 분자 메커니즘에 대한 더 나은 이해는 ALD에 효과적인 치료법을 개발하는 데 중요합니다. Zebrafish의 유충은 2 % 에탄올에 24 시간 방치 한 후 간 지방증과 섬유화를 나타내어 급성 알코올 중독 손상 연구에 유용합니다. 이 연구는 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서 급성 에탄올 처리를위한 절차를 설명하고 그것이 간 혈관의 지방증과 붓기를 유발한다는 것을 보여줍니다. 제브라 피쉬 애벌레 간 조직 학적 분석을 위해 최적화 된 Hematoxylin 및 Eosin (H &amp; E) 염색에 대한 자세한 프로토콜도 설명합니다. H &amp; E 얼룩에는 면역 형광보다 몇 가지 독특한 이점이 있습니다.er 세포 및 세포 외 성분을 동시에 검출 할 수 있고 지방증 및 섬유증과 같은 간 손상을 용이하게 검출 할 수있다. 유전 독성 및 바이러스 유발 간 손상 및 유전성 간 질환에 대한 제브라 피쉬 사용의 증가를 감안할 때이 프로토콜은 이러한 모든 연구에서 수행 된 조직 학적 분석을위한 참고 자료로 사용됩니다.

10 % 완충 포르말린과 4 % 파라 포름 알데히드 (PFA)는 조직학 관행에 사용되는 가장 보편적 인 고정물의 두 가지입니다. 그러나, 그들은 제브라 피쉬 간 조직에 대한 최적의 고정 결과를 제공하지 않습니다 ( 그림 1 및 표 1 ). 10 % 포르말린 또는 4 % PFA로 고정하면 수축이 생겨 간과 주변 조직 사이에 큰 틈이 생깁니다 ( 그림 1A...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

이 프로토콜은 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올로 치료 zebrafish의 유충에서 간 조직 분석을 설명합니다. 이러한 급성 에탄올 처리는 간 지방증 및 간 혈관계의 팽창을 초래한다.

Zebrafish에서의 급성 알코올성 간 손상의 조직 학적 분석

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related ...

histological-analyses-of-acute-alcoholic-liver-injury-in-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

14.2K 조회수.  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.  이 프로토콜은 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올로 치료 zebrafish의 유충에서 간 조직 분석을 설명합니다. 이러한 급성 에탄올 처리는 간 지방증 및 간 혈관계의 팽창을 초래한다. 

비디오: Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Kidney Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish by Gentamicin Induced Injury

The kidney is essential for fluid homeostasis, blood pressure regulation and filtration of waste from the body. The fundamental unit of kidney function is the nephron. Mammals are able to repair existing nephrons after injury, but lose the ability to form new nephrons soon after birth. In contrast to mammals, adult fish produce new nephrons (neonephrogenesis) throughout their lives in response to growth requirements or injury. Recently, lhx1a has been shown to mark nephron progenitor cells in the adult zebrafish kidney, however mechanisms controlling the formation of new nephrons after injury remain unknown. Here we show our method for robust and reproducible injury in the adult zebrafish kidney by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gentamicin, which uses a noninvasive visual screening process to select for fish with strong but nonlethal injury. Using this method, we can determine optimal gentamicin dosages for injury and go on to demonstrate the effect of higher temperatures on kidney regeneration in zebrafish.

Here we present a reliable method to study adult kidney regeneration by inducing acute kidney injury by gentamicin injection. We show that injury is dependent on gentamicin dosage and environmental temperature using in situ hybridization to label lhx1a+ developing new nephrons.

겐타 마이신 유도 부상으로 성인 Zebrafish의에서 신장 재생

The kidney is essential for fluid homeostasis, blood pressure regulation and filtration of waste from the body. The fundamental unit of kidney function is ...

연구

발생학

Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes. External development and optical transparency make these embryos especially amenable to microscopy, and numerous transgenic lines that label specific cell types with fluorescent proteins are available, making the zebrafish embryo an ideal system for visualizing the interaction of vascular, hematopoietic, and other cell types during injury and repair in vivo. Forward and reverse genetics in zebrafish are well developed, and pharmacological manipulation is possible. We describe a mechanical vascular injury model using micromanipulation techniques that exploits several of these features to study responses to vascular injury including hemostasis and blood vessel repair. Using a combination of video and timelapse microscopy, we demonstrate that this method of vascular injury results in measurable and reproducible responses during hemostasis and wound repair. This method provides a system for studying vascular injury and repair in detail in a whole animal model.

This article describes a method for creating a mechanical vessel injury in zebrafish embryos. This injury model provides a platform for studying hemostasis, injury-related inflammation, and wound healing in an organism ideally suited for real-time microscopy.

Zebrafish의 태아에서 기계 선박 부상

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes.  External development ...

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell &#8211; Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. However, the analysis and quantification of cellular localization is difficult, as in many cases it relies on manual counting, thus bearing the risk of introducing a rater-dependent bias and reducing interrater reliability. Moreover, it is often difficult to judge whether the co-localization between two cells results from random positioning, especially when cell types differ strongly in the frequency of their occurrence. Here, a method for unbiased quantification of cellular co-localization in the bone marrow is introduced. The protocol describes the sample preparation used to obtain histological sections of whole murine long bones including the bone marrow, as well as the staining protocol and the acquisition of high-resolution images. An analysis workflow spanning from the recognition of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types in 2-dimensional (2D) bone marrow images to the quantification of the direct contacts between those cells is presented. This also includes a neighborhood analysis, to obtain information about the cellular microenvironment surrounding a certain cell type. In order to evaluate whether co-localization of two cell types is the mere result of random cell positioning or reflects preferential associations between the cells, a simulation tool which is suitable for testing this hypothesis in the case of hematopoietic as well as stromal cells, is used. This approach is not limited to the bone marrow, and can be extended to other tissues to permit reproducible, quantitative analysis of histological data.

A strategy to quantitatively analyze histological data in the bone marrow is presented. Confocal microscopy of fluorescently labeled cells in tissue sections results in 2-dimensional images, which are automatically analyzed. Co-localization analyses of different cell types are compared to data from simulated images, giving quantitative information about cellular interactions.

조혈 세포의 자동화 된 정량화 - Undecalcified 뼈의 조직 학적 이미지에서 기질 세포 상호 작용

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. ...

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or biliary-driven liver regeneration. In hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration, regenerating hepatocytes are derived from preexisting hepatocytes, whereas, in biliary-driven regeneration, regenerating hepatocytes are derived from biliary epithelial cells (BECs). For hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration, there are excellent rodent models that have significantly contributed to the current understanding of liver regeneration. However, no such rodent model exists for biliary-driven liver regeneration. We recently reported on a zebrafish liver injury model in which BECs extensively give rise to hepatocytes upon severe hepatocyte loss. In this model, hepatocytes are specifically ablated by a pharmacogenetic means. Here we present in detail the methods to ablate hepatocytes and to analyze the BEC-driven liver regeneration process. This hepatocyte-specific ablation model can be further used to discover the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of biliary-driven liver regeneration. Moreover, these methods can be applied to chemical screens to identify small molecules that augment or suppress liver regeneration.

To help assess the molecular mechanisms underlying zebrafish biliary-driven liver regeneration, we established a liver injury model in which the nitroreductase-expressing hepatocytes are genetically ablated upon metronidazole treatment. In this protocol, we describe how to adeptly manipulate, monitor and analyze hepatocyte ablation and biliary-driven liver regeneration.

담즙 중심의 간 재생을 연구하는 Zebrafish의에서 간세포 특이 절제

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders. In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle membrane is a critical disease determinant. To date, numerous neuromuscular conditions display degenerating muscle fibers with abnormal membrane integrity; this is most commonly observed in muscular dystrophies. Evans Blue Dye (EBD) is a vital, cell permeable dye that is rapidly taken into degenerating, damaged, or apoptotic cells; in contrast, it is not taken up by cells with an intact membrane. EBD injection is commonly employed to ascertain muscle integrity in mouse models of neuromuscular diseases. However, such EBD experiments require muscle dissection and/or sectioning prior to analysis. In contrast, EBD uptake in zebrafish is visualized in live, intact preparations. Here, we demonstrate a simple and straightforward methodology for performing EBD injections and analysis in live zebrafish. In addition, we demonstrate a co-injection strategy to increase efficacy of EBD analysis. Overall, this video article provides an outline to perform EBD injection and characterization in zebrafish models of neuromuscular disease.

In this study, we describe a straightforward method to perform Evans Blue Dye (EBD) analysis on zebrafish larvae. This technique is a powerful tool for the characterization of skeletal muscle integrity and delineation of zebrafish models of muscular dystrophy, and is a valuable method for the development of novel therapeutics.

에반스 블루 염료와 Zebrafish의 애벌레 골격 근육 무결성 분석

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading to cirrhosis with hepatocellular dysfunction. Among multiple hepatic insults, alcohol abuse can lead to significant health problems including liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, the identity of endogenous cellular sources that regenerate hepatocytes in response to alcohol has not been properly investigated. Moreover, few studies have effectively modeled hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury. We recently reported on establishing an ethanol (EtOH)-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish in which hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) gave rise to hepatocytes upon near-complete hepatocyte loss in the presence of fibrogenic stimulus. Furthermore, through chemical screens using this model, we identified multiple small molecules that enhance hepatocyte regeneration. Here we describe in detail the procedures to develop an EtOH-induced fibrotic liver model and to perform chemical screens using this model in zebrafish. This protocol will be a critical tool to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how hepatocyte regenerates in the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, these methods will facilitate potential discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver disease in vivo.

Sustained fibrosis with deposition of excessive extracellular matrix proteins leads to cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse is one of the main causes of severe liver disease. We established an ethanol-induced zebrafish fibrotic liver model to study the mechanisms and strategies of promoting hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury.

Zebrafish의에서 에탄올에 의한 섬유 성 간 모델의 개발은 전구 세포 매개 간세포의 재생을 연구하는

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading ...

Acute and Chronic Models of Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish: A Method to Assess the Impact of Hyperglycemia on Neurogenesis and the Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Molecules

Hyperglycemia is a major health issue that leads to cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction. For instance, it is associated with increased neurological problems after stroke and is shown to impair neurogenic processes. Interestingly, the adult zebrafish has recently emerged as a relevant and useful model to mimic hyperglycemia/diabetes and to investigate constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis. This work provides methods to develop zebrafish models of hyperglycemia to explore the impact of hyperglycemia on brain cell proliferation under homeostatic and brain repair conditions. Acute hyperglycemia is established using the intraperitoneal injection of D-glucose (2.5 g/kg bodyweight) into adult zebrafish. Chronic hyperglycemia is induced by immersing adult zebrafish in D-glucose (111 mM) containing water for 14 days. Blood-glucose-level measurements are described for these different approaches. Methods to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis, by describing the mechanical injury of the telencephalon, dissecting the brain, paraffin embedding and sectioning with a microtome, and performing immunohistochemistry procedures, are demonstrated. Finally, the method of using zebrafish as a relevant model for studying the biodistribution of radiolabeled molecules (here,[18F]-FDG) using PET/CT is also described.

This work describes methods to establish acute and chronic hyperglycemia models in zebrafish. The aim is to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on physiological processes, such as constitutive and injury-induced neurogenesis. The work also highlights the use of zebrafish to follow radiolabeled molecules (here, [18F]-FDG) using PET/CT.

제브라 피쉬의 고혈당의 급성 및 만성 모델 : 고혈당의 영향을 평가하는 방법 - 신경 세포 및 방사선 표지 된 분자의 생체 분포

Hyperglycemia is a major health issue that leads to cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction. For instance, it is associated with increased neurological ...

Precise Cellular Ablation Approach for Modeling Acute Kidney Injury in Developing Zebrafish

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore adequate kidney function after supportive treatment. However, a better understanding of how nephron cell death and repair occur on the cellular level is required to minimize cell death and to enhance the regenerative process. The zebrafish pronephros is a good model system to accomplish this goal because it contains anatomical segments that are similar to the mammalian nephron. Previously, the most common model used to study kidney injury in fish was the pharmacological gentamicin model. However, this model does not allow for precise spatiotemporal control of injury, and hence it is difficult to study cellular and molecular processes involved in kidney repair. To overcome this limitation, this work presents a method through which, in contrast to the gentamicin approach, a specific Green Fuorescent Protein (GFP)-expressing nephron segment can be photoablated using a violet laser light (405 nm). This novel model of AKI provides many advantages that other methods of epithelial injury lack. Its main advantages are the ability to &#34;dial&#34; the level of injury and the precise spatiotemporal control in the robust in vivo animal model. This new method has the potential to significantly advance the level of understanding of kidney injury and repair mechanisms.

This work presents a new in vivo model of segmental kidney injury using kidney GFP transgenic zebrafish. The model allows for the induction of the targeted ablation of kidney epithelial cells to show the cellular mechanisms of nephron injury and repair.

Zebrafish 개발에 급성 신부전 모델링을위한 정확한 세포 제거 방법

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore ...

Adult Zebrafish Injury Models to Study the Effects of Prednisolone in Regenerating Bone Tissue

Zebrafish are able to regenerate various organs, including appendages (fins) after amputation. This involves the regeneration of bone, which regrows within roughly two weeks after injury. Furthermore, zebrafish are able to heal bone rapidly after trepanation of the skull, and repair fractures that can be easily introduced into zebrafish bony fin rays. These injury assays represent feasible experimental paradigms to test the effect of administered drugs on rapidly forming bone. Here, we describe the use of these 3 injury models and their combined use with systemic glucocorticoid treatment, which exerts bone inhibitory and immunosuppressive effects. We provide a workflow on how to prepare for immunosuppressive treatment in adult zebrafish, illustrate how to perform fin amputation, trepanation of calvarial bones, and fin fractures, and describe how the use of glucocorticoids affects both bone forming osteoblasts and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage as part of innate immunity in bone tissue.

Here, we describe 3 adult zebrafish injury models and their combined use with immunosuppressive drug treatment. We provide guidance on imaging of regenerating tissues and on detecting bone mineralization therein.

성인 Zebrafish 부상 모델 뼈 조직 재생에 Prednisolone의 효과 연구

Zebrafish are able to regenerate various organs, including appendages (fins) after amputation. This involves the regeneration of bone, which regrows ...

Controlled Cortical Impact Model of Mouse Brain Injury with Therapeutic Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical insult to secondary injury processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. Animal modeling has been valuable in the search to unravel injury mechanisms and evaluate potential neuroprotective therapies. This protocol describes the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of focal, open-head TBI. Specifically, parameters for producing a mild unilateral cortical injury are described. Behavioral consequences of CCI are analyzed using the adhesive tape removal test of bilateral sensorimotor integration. Regarding experimental therapy for TBI pathology, this protocol also illustrates a process for transplanting cultured cells into the brain. Neural cell cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were chosen for their potential to show superior functional restoration in human TBI patients. Chronic survival of hiPSCs in the host mouse brain tissue is detected using a modified DAB immunohistochemical process.

This protocol demonstrates methodologies for a mouse model of open-skull traumatic brain injury and transplantation of cultured human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells into the injury site. Behavioral and histologic tests of outcomes from these procedures are also described in brief.

인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포 유래 신경 세포의 치료 이식으로 마우스 뇌 손상의 제어 피질 영향 모델

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical ...