Name: histological analyses of acute alcoholic liver injury in zebrafish
Uploaded: 2017-05-25T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 45 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish at JoVE.com

저자는 Zebrafish International Resource Center의 Dr. Katy Murray를 인정하고자합니다. 프로토콜에 대한 도움을 준 CCHMC의 Stacey Huppert 박사와 Kari Huppert 박사; 및 CCHMC 수의 진료 서비스를 제공합니다. 이 연구는 NIH 보조금 R00AA020514와 CCHMC의 소아과 유전체 센터 (CY) 연구 보조금에 의해 지원되었습니다. 그것은 또한 신시내티의 소화기 질환 연구 핵심 센터의 NIH 교부금 P30 DK078392 (통합 형태 골격)에 의해 부분적으로 지원되었다.

<ol>
	<li>Yoon, Y. H., Chen, C. M., Yi, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Surveillance report #100: Liver cirrhosis mortality in the United States: National, State, and regional trends. , 2000-2011 (2014).</li><li>Singal, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolving+frequency+and+outcomes+of+liver+transplantation+based+on+etiology+of+liver+disease.">Evolving frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation based on etiology of liver disease.</a> Transplantation. 95 (5), 755-760 (2013).</li><li>Louvet, A., Mathurin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alcoholic+liver+disease:+mechanisms+of+injury+and+targeted+treatment.">Alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment.</a> Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12 (4), 231-242 (2015).</li><li>Ki, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-22+treatment+ameliorates+alcoholic+liver+injury+in+a+murine+model+of+chronic-binge+ethanol+feeding:+role+of+signal+transducer+and+activator+of+transcription+3.">Interleukin-22 treatment ameliorates alcoholic liver injury in a murine model of chronic-binge ethanol feeding: role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.</a> Hepatology. 52 (4), 1291-1300 (2010).</li><li>Tsuchiya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interstrain+differences+in+liver+injury+and+one-carbon+metabolism+in+alcohol-fed+mice.">Interstrain differences in liver injury and one-carbon metabolism in alcohol-fed mice.</a> Hepatology. 56 (1), 130-139 (2012).</li><li>Koteish, A., Yang, S., Lin, H., Huang, X., Diehl, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+ethanol+exposure+potentiates+lipopolysaccharide+liver+injury+despite+inhibiting+Jun+N-terminal+kinase+and+caspase+3+activation.">Chronic ethanol exposure potentiates lipopolysaccharide liver injury despite inhibiting Jun N-terminal kinase and caspase 3 activation.</a> J Biol Chem. 277 (15), 13037-13044 (2002).</li><li>Leo, M. A., Lieber, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+fibrosis+after+long-term+administration+of+ethanol+and+moderate+vitamin+A+supplementation+in+the+rat.">Hepatic fibrosis after long-term administration of ethanol and moderate vitamin A supplementation in the rat.</a> Hepatology. 3 (1), 1-11 (1983).</li><li>Tsukamoto, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Severe+and+progressive+steatosis+and+focal+necrosis+in+rat+liver+induced+by+continuous+intragastric+infusion+of+ethanol+and+low+fat+diet.">Severe and progressive steatosis and focal necrosis in rat liver induced by continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and low fat diet.</a> Hepatology. 5 (2), 224-232 (1985).</li><li>Tsukamoto, H., Mkrtchyan, H., Dynnyk, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intragastric+ethanol+infusion+model+in+rodents.">Intragastric ethanol infusion model in rodents.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 447, 33-48 (2008).</li><li>Howarth, D. L., Passeri, M., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drinks+like+a+fish:+using+zebrafish+to+understand+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Drinks like a fish: using zebrafish to understand alcoholic liver disease.</a> Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 35 (5), 826-829 (2011).</li><li>Howarth, D. L., Yin, C., Yeh, K., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defining+hepatic+dysfunction+parameters+in+two+models+of+fatty+liver+disease+in+zebrafish+larvae.">Defining hepatic dysfunction parameters in two models of fatty liver disease in zebrafish larvae.</a> Zebrafish. 10 (2), 199-210 (2013).</li><li>Lin, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Animal+Model+for+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease+in+Zebrafish.">Development of an Animal Model for Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish.</a> Zebrafish. , (2015).</li><li>Passeri, M. J., Cinaroglu, A., Gao, C., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+steatosis+in+response+to+acute+alcohol+exposure+in+zebrafish+requires+sterol+regulatory+element+binding+protein+activation.">Hepatic steatosis in response to acute alcohol exposure in zebrafish requires sterol regulatory element binding protein activation.</a> Hepatology. 49 (2), 443-452 (2009).</li><li>Tsedensodnom, O., Vacaru, A. M., Howarth, D. L., Yin, C., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ethanol+metabolism+and+oxidative+stress+are+required+for+unfolded+protein+response+activation+and+steatosis+in+zebrafish+with+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Ethanol metabolism and oxidative stress are required for unfolded protein response activation and steatosis in zebrafish with alcoholic liver disease.</a> Dis Model Mech. 6 (5), 1213-1226 (2013).</li><li>Yin, C., Evason, K. J., Maher, J. J., Stainier, D. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+bHLH+transcription+factor+Hand2+marks+hepatic+stellate+cells+in+zebrafish:+Analysis+of+stellate+cell+entry+into+the+developing+liver.">The bHLH transcription factor Hand2 marks hepatic stellate cells in zebrafish: Analysis of stellate cell entry into the developing liver.</a> Hepatology. , (2012).</li><li>Lassen, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+cloning,+baculovirus+expression,+and+tissue+distribution+of+the+zebrafish+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+2.">Molecular cloning, baculovirus expression, and tissue distribution of the zebrafish aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.</a> Drug Metab Dispos. 33 (5), 649-656 (2005).</li><li>Reimers, M. J., Hahn, M. E., Tanguay, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+zebrafish+alcohol+dehydrogenases+share+common+ancestry+with+mammalian+class+I,+II,+IV,+and+V+alcohol+dehydrogenase+genes+but+have+distinct+functional+characteristics.">Two zebrafish alcohol dehydrogenases share common ancestry with mammalian class I, II, IV, and V alcohol dehydrogenase genes but have distinct functional characteristics.</a> J Biol Chem. 279 (37), 38303-38312 (2004).</li><li>Zhang, C., Ellis, J. L., Yin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+signaling+facilitates+liver+repair+from+acute+ethanol-induced+injury+in+zebrafish.">Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling facilitates liver repair from acute ethanol-induced injury in zebrafish.</a> Dis Model Mech. , (2016).</li><li>Vonghia, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+alcohol+intoxication.">Acute alcohol intoxication.</a> Eur J Intern Med. 19 (8), 561-567 (2008).</li><li>Wittekind, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traditional+staining+for+routine+diagnostic+pathology+including+the+role+of+tannic+acid.+1.+Value+and+limitations+of+the+hematoxylin-eosin+stain.">Traditional staining for routine diagnostic pathology including the role of tannic acid. 1. Value and limitations of the hematoxylin-eosin stain.</a> Biotech Histochem. 78 (5), 261-270 (2003).</li><li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Zebrafish Book: A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). , (2007).</li><li>Theise, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathology+of+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Histopathology of alcoholic liver disease.</a> Clinical Liver Disease. 2 (2), (2013).</li><li>Lorent, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Jagged-mediated+Notch+signaling+disrupts+zebrafish+biliary+development+and+generates+multi-organ+defects+compatible+with+an+Alagille+syndrome+phenocopy.">Inhibition of Jagged-mediated Notch signaling disrupts zebrafish biliary development and generates multi-organ defects compatible with an Alagille syndrome phenocopy.</a> Development. 131 (22), 5753-5766 (2004).</li><li>Huang, M., Xu, J., Shin, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Ethanol-induced+Fibrotic+Liver+Model+in+Zebrafish+to+Study+Progenitor+Cell-mediated+Hepatocyte+Regeneration.">Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration.</a> J Vis Exp. (111), (2016).</li><li>Paredes, J. F., Lopez-Olmeda, J. F., Martinez, F. J., Sanchez-Vazquez, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Daily+rhythms+of+lipid+metabolic+gene+expression+in+zebra+fish+liver:+Response+to+light/dark+and+feeding+cycles.">Daily rhythms of lipid metabolic gene expression in zebra fish liver: Response to light/dark and feeding cycles.</a> Chronobiol Int. 32 (10), 1438-1448 (2015).</li><li>Meeker, N. D., Hutchinson, S. A., Ho, L., Trede, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+isolation+of+PCR-ready+genomic+DNA+from+zebrafish+tissues.">Method for isolation of PCR-ready genomic DNA from zebrafish tissues.</a> Biotechniques. 43 (5), 610-614 (2007).</li><li>van der Velden, Y. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+serine-threonine+kinase+LKB1+is+essential+for+survival+under+energetic+stress+in+zebrafish.">The serine-threonine kinase LKB1 is essential for survival under energetic stress in zebrafish.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (11), 4358-4363 (2011).</li></ol>

저자는 경쟁적인 금전적 이해 관계가 없다고 선언합니다.

현재의 프로토콜은 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서의 급성 에탄올 처리 및 H &amp; E 염색으로 인한 조직 병리학 적 분석을위한 상세한 절차를 기술한다. 급성 에탄올 치료는 제브라 피쉬 간이 알코올 대사 효소를 발현하기 시작하기 때문에 수정 후 96 시간 이내에 시행해야합니다 13 . 2 % 에탄올은 유충이 13 , 14 를 견딜 수있는 최대 투여 량입니...

알코올 과다 복용으로 인한 알코올 중독 (Alcoholic Liver Disease, ALD)은 알코올과 관련된 이환율 및 사망률의 주요 원인입니다. 미국에서는 간 질환으로 인한 사망의 거의 절반이 알코올 1 을 포함하고 있으며 ALD는 간 이식 3 건 중 거의 1 건을 담당하고 있습니다 2 . ALD는 광범위한 스펙트럼을 가지고 있습니다. 간세포는 과도한 지질 축적으로 특징 지어지며, 과도한 음주의 초기 단계에서 발생하며 알코올 사용을 중단하면 되돌릴 수 있습니다. 유전 적 및 환경 적 요인의 영향과 지속적인 알코올 섭취로 인해 간 지방증은 알콜 성 간염으로 진행될 수 있으며 결국에는 간경변 3이 될 수 있습니다. 설치류 ALD 모델을 이용한 연구는 질병에 대한 상당한 통찰력을 제공해 왔지만 제한이있다 (참고 문헌 3 에서 검토). 알코올 다이어트의 경구 섭취는 설치류에서 지방증을 일으 킵니다 4 ,/ sup&gt; 5 . 염증과 섬유화의 발달에는 침략적이고 기술적 인 도전 인 제 2 모욕 6 , 7 또는 만성 위 내 주입이 필요합니다 8 , 9 . 텔레스트로 제브라 피쉬는 또한 만성 및 급성 알코올 치료 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 에 대한 반응으로 간 손상을 일으 킵니다. 특히, 유생 제브라 피쉬는 급성 알코올성 간 손상 10 , 11 , 13 , 15 를 연구 할 수있는 매력적인 보완 모델 유기체를 대표합니다. 제브라 피쉬 간은 기능적이며 에탄올 대사에 중요한 효소를 4 일까지 생산합니다s post-fertilization (dpf) 13 , 16 , 17. 에탄올은 물에 직접 첨가 할 수 있으며 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올에 노출하면 제브라 피쉬 애벌레 13 , 15 에서 간 지방증과 섬유화 반응을 유도하기에 충분합니다. 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올로 처리하면 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서 조직 에탄올 농도가 80 mM이되는 것으로보고되었습니다. 다른 사람들은 애벌레가이 농도를 용인하고 처리 된 동물에서 보이는 간 표현형이 에탄올 노출에 특유하다는 것을 보여주었습니다 11 , 13 , 15 , 18 . 그러나 80 mM은 사람에게 거의 치사되기 때문에 에탄올 처리 된 제브라 피쉬의 간 조직학을 평가하고인간과 생리적 인 연관성을 찾으십시오. 빠른 제브라 피쉬 애벌레의 외부 발달과 반투명은 실시간 및 고정 표본에서 간 내의 알코올 작용을 특성화하는 것을 가능하게합니다. 세포 유형 특이 적 형광 형질 전환 계통의 이용 가능성과 공 촛점 현미경 검사법의 최근 진보는 급성 에탄올 치료 11,15에 대한 반응으로 간세포 유형이 형태 및 행동을 어떻게 변화시키는 지에 대한 연구를 용이하게한다. 그러나 형광 형질 감염 제브라 피쉬의 공 촛점 이미징은 간 조직학을 연구 할 때 Hematoxylin과 Eosin (H &amp; E) 염색을 완전히 대체 할 수 없습니다. 트랜스 제닉 제브라 피쉬를 사용하여 모든 간 세포 유형을 동시에 표시하려면 개개의 트랜스 제닉 라인을 생성해야하며, 각 트랜스 제닉 라인은 고유 한 형광 단이있는 간 세포 유형을 표시합니다. 같은 물고기에 다른 형질 전환 배경을 도입하는 것은 breedin을 필요로한다.g 세대가 필요하며, 이는 많은 시간과 비용이 소요됩니다. 세포 외 기질 성분을 검출하기 위해서는 추가적인 면역 형광 염색이 필요합니다. 반면에 H &amp; E 염색법은 모든 간세포 유형과 세포 외 기질 성분을 동시에 표시하여 간의 개요를 제공합니다 20 . 또한 간세포 폐사, 지방증, 섬유증과 같은 간 질환의 여러 병리학 적 특징을 쉽게 알 수 있습니다. H &amp; E는 포유류의 간 조직학에서 일상적인 얼룩이지만, 제브라 피쉬 간 연구에 일반적으로 사용되지는 않으며 프로토콜이 잘 확립되지 않습니다. 이 연구는 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서의 급성 에탄올 처리 및 H &amp; E 염색을 사용한 후속 조직 검사를위한 프로토콜을 설명합니다. H &amp; E 염색 프로토콜은 간 개발 및 기능에 대한 모든 연구에 사용될 수 있습니다. 또한, 파라핀 절편은 면역 조직 화학뿐만 아니라 다른 특수한 역에 사용될 수 있습니다trichrome stain, reticulin stain 등 간 병리학 적 특징.

<table><tbody><tr><td>1.5 mL centrifuge tubes</td><td>E &amp;amp; K Scientific</td><td>280150</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 mL conical tubes</td><td>VWR International</td><td>89039-664</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 mL conical tubes</td><td>VWR International</td><td>89039-658</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>95% ethanol (EtOH)</td><td>Decon Labs, Inc.</td><td>2801</td><td>Flammable</td></tr><tr><td>Acetic acid</td><td>Newcomer Supply</td><td>10010A</td><td>Irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Agarose</td><td>Research Products International</td><td>9012-36-6</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aluminum jar rack holder</td><td>Newcomer Supply</td><td>5300JRK</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bacteriological petri dishes with lid</td><td>Corning</td><td>351029</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Biopsy pads</td><td>Simport</td><td>M476.1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Charged slides</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>12-550-16</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Clear mounting media</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>8310-16</td><td>Can be substituted with other clear mounting media</td></tr><tr><td>Commercial sea salts</td><td>Instant Ocean</td><td>SS15-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Disposable microtome blades</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>4280L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dissecting microscope</td><td>Leica Biosystems</td><td>Leica Mz 95</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Enclosed tissue processor</td><td>Leica Biosystems</td><td>ASP300 S</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eosin-Phloxine stain set</td><td>Newcomer Supply</td><td>1082A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl alcohol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>E7023</td><td>Flammable</td></tr><tr><td>Formaldehyde solution, ACS reagent, 37 WT. % in H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0, contains 10 - 15% methanol as stabilizer (to prevent polymerization)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>252549</td><td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Formalin, Buffered, 10%</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SF100-4</td><td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Graduated media bottle</td><td>VWR International</td><td>16159-520</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Harris hematoxylin</td><td>Poly Scientific R&amp;amp;D Corp.</td><td>s212</td><td>Irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Histology molds</td><td>Sakura Finetek USA Inc</td><td>4557</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hot plate/Stirrer</td><td>VWR International</td><td>47751-148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A144</td><td>Irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Incubator</td><td>VWR International</td><td>97058-220</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Insulin syringes</td><td>BD Medical</td><td>BD-309301</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Inverted compound microscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss Microscopy</td><td>491912-9850-000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isopropanol</td><td>Newcomer Supply</td><td>12094E</td><td>Flammable</td></tr><tr><td>Methylene blue</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M9140</td><td>Irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Microtome</td><td>Leica Biosystems</td><td>Leica Jung BioCut 2035&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nutating mixer</td><td>VWR International</td><td>82007-202</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P6148-1KG</td><td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Pasteur pipet</td><td>VWR International</td><td>53283-916</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipette pump (10 mL)</td><td>VWR International</td><td>53502-233</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium chloride (KCl)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P9541</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium phosphate, monobasic (KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P9791</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Razor blades</td><td>Grainger</td><td>4A807</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Slide Staining Kit</td><td>Newcomer Supply</td><td>5300KIT</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride (NaCl)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S3014</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</td><td>Fisher BioReagents</td><td>S318-500</td><td>Very hazardous</td></tr><tr><td>Sodium phosphate, dibasic (Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>S3264</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stainless steel strainer (5 inch diameter)</td><td>Adaptive Science Tools</td><td>L0906045in</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue cassettes</td><td>Simport</td><td>M505.12</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue embedding center</td><td>Sakura Finetek USA Inc</td><td>#5100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue wipers, 1-Ply</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>06666A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transfer pipets</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>137117M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tricaine powder/Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate salt</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A5040</td><td>Irritant</td></tr><tr><td>Tris base, primary standard and buffer</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T1503</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Wash bottle, low-density polyethylene, wide mouth</td><td>Nalge Nunc International</td><td>2402-0750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Xylenes</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>X3S-4</td><td>Irritant</td></tr></tbody></table>

histological analyses of acute alcoholic liver injury in zebrafish

알콜 성 간 질환 (ALD)은 급성 또는 만성 알코올 남용으로 인한 간 손상을 의미합니다. 그것은 알코올 관련 이환 및 사망의 주요 원인 중 하나이며 미국에서 2 백만 명이 넘는 사람들에게 영향을 미칩니다. 알콜로 유발 된 간 손상의 근본적인 세포 및 분자 메커니즘에 대한 더 나은 이해는 ALD에 효과적인 치료법을 개발하는 데 중요합니다. Zebrafish의 유충은 2 % 에탄올에 24 시간 방치 한 후 간 지방증과 섬유화를 나타내어 급성 알코올 중독 손상 연구에 유용합니다. 이 연구는 제브라 피쉬 애벌레에서 급성 에탄올 처리를위한 절차를 설명하고 그것이 간 혈관의 지방증과 붓기를 유발한다는 것을 보여줍니다. 제브라 피쉬 애벌레 간 조직 학적 분석을 위해 최적화 된 Hematoxylin 및 Eosin (H &amp; E) 염색에 대한 자세한 프로토콜도 설명합니다. H &amp; E 얼룩에는 면역 형광보다 몇 가지 독특한 이점이 있습니다.er 세포 및 세포 외 성분을 동시에 검출 할 수 있고 지방증 및 섬유증과 같은 간 손상을 용이하게 검출 할 수있다. 유전 독성 및 바이러스 유발 간 손상 및 유전성 간 질환에 대한 제브라 피쉬 사용의 증가를 감안할 때이 프로토콜은 이러한 모든 연구에서 수행 된 조직 학적 분석을위한 참고 자료로 사용됩니다.

10 % 완충 포르말린과 4 % 파라 포름 알데히드 (PFA)는 조직학 관행에 사용되는 가장 보편적 인 고정물의 두 가지입니다. 그러나, 그들은 제브라 피쉬 간 조직에 대한 최적의 고정 결과를 제공하지 않습니다 ( 그림 1 및 표 1 ). 10 % 포르말린 또는 4 % PFA로 고정하면 수축이 생겨 간과 주변 조직 사이에 큰 틈이 생깁니다 ( 그림 1A...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

이 프로토콜은 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올로 치료 zebrafish의 유충에서 간 조직 분석을 설명합니다. 이러한 급성 에탄올 처리는 간 지방증 및 간 혈관계의 팽창을 초래한다.

Zebrafish에서의 급성 알코올성 간 손상의 조직 학적 분석

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related ...

histological-analyses-of-acute-alcoholic-liver-injury-in-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

14.2K 조회수.  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.  이 프로토콜은 24 시간 동안 2 % 에탄올로 치료 zebrafish의 유충에서 간 조직 분석을 설명합니다. 이러한 급성 에탄올 처리는 간 지방증 및 간 혈관계의 팽창을 초래한다. 

비디오: Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Kidney Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish by Gentamicin Induced Injury

The kidney is essential for fluid homeostasis, blood pressure regulation and filtration of waste from the body. The fundamental unit of kidney function is the nephron. Mammals are able to repair existing nephrons after injury, but lose the ability to form new nephrons soon after birth. In contrast to mammals, adult fish produce new nephrons (neonephrogenesis) throughout their lives in response to growth requirements or injury. Recently, lhx1a has been shown to mark nephron progenitor cells in the adult zebrafish kidney, however mechanisms controlling the formation of new nephrons after injury remain unknown. Here we show our method for robust and reproducible injury in the adult zebrafish kidney by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gentamicin, which uses a noninvasive visual screening process to select for fish with strong but nonlethal injury. Using this method, we can determine optimal gentamicin dosages for injury and go on to demonstrate the effect of higher temperatures on kidney regeneration in zebrafish.

Here we present a reliable method to study adult kidney regeneration by inducing acute kidney injury by gentamicin injection. We show that injury is dependent on gentamicin dosage and environmental temperature using in situ hybridization to label lhx1a+ developing new nephrons.

겐타 마이신 유도 부상으로 성인 Zebrafish의에서 신장 재생

The kidney is essential for fluid homeostasis, blood pressure regulation and filtration of waste from the body. The fundamental unit of kidney function is ...

연구

발생학

Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes. External development and optical transparency make these embryos especially amenable to microscopy, and numerous transgenic lines that label specific cell types with fluorescent proteins are available, making the zebrafish embryo an ideal system for visualizing the interaction of vascular, hematopoietic, and other cell types during injury and repair in vivo. Forward and reverse genetics in zebrafish are well developed, and pharmacological manipulation is possible. We describe a mechanical vascular injury model using micromanipulation techniques that exploits several of these features to study responses to vascular injury including hemostasis and blood vessel repair. Using a combination of video and timelapse microscopy, we demonstrate that this method of vascular injury results in measurable and reproducible responses during hemostasis and wound repair. This method provides a system for studying vascular injury and repair in detail in a whole animal model.

This article describes a method for creating a mechanical vessel injury in zebrafish embryos. This injury model provides a platform for studying hemostasis, injury-related inflammation, and wound healing in an organism ideally suited for real-time microscopy.

Zebrafish의 태아에서 기계 선박 부상

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes.  External development ...

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or biliary-driven liver regeneration. In hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration, regenerating hepatocytes are derived from preexisting hepatocytes, whereas, in biliary-driven regeneration, regenerating hepatocytes are derived from biliary epithelial cells (BECs). For hepatocyte-driven liver regeneration, there are excellent rodent models that have significantly contributed to the current understanding of liver regeneration. However, no such rodent model exists for biliary-driven liver regeneration. We recently reported on a zebrafish liver injury model in which BECs extensively give rise to hepatocytes upon severe hepatocyte loss. In this model, hepatocytes are specifically ablated by a pharmacogenetic means. Here we present in detail the methods to ablate hepatocytes and to analyze the BEC-driven liver regeneration process. This hepatocyte-specific ablation model can be further used to discover the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of biliary-driven liver regeneration. Moreover, these methods can be applied to chemical screens to identify small molecules that augment or suppress liver regeneration.

To help assess the molecular mechanisms underlying zebrafish biliary-driven liver regeneration, we established a liver injury model in which the nitroreductase-expressing hepatocytes are genetically ablated upon metronidazole treatment. In this protocol, we describe how to adeptly manipulate, monitor and analyze hepatocyte ablation and biliary-driven liver regeneration.

담즙 중심의 간 재생을 연구하는 Zebrafish의에서 간세포 특이 절제

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or ...

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading to cirrhosis with hepatocellular dysfunction. Among multiple hepatic insults, alcohol abuse can lead to significant health problems including liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, the identity of endogenous cellular sources that regenerate hepatocytes in response to alcohol has not been properly investigated. Moreover, few studies have effectively modeled hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury. We recently reported on establishing an ethanol (EtOH)-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish in which hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) gave rise to hepatocytes upon near-complete hepatocyte loss in the presence of fibrogenic stimulus. Furthermore, through chemical screens using this model, we identified multiple small molecules that enhance hepatocyte regeneration. Here we describe in detail the procedures to develop an EtOH-induced fibrotic liver model and to perform chemical screens using this model in zebrafish. This protocol will be a critical tool to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how hepatocyte regenerates in the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, these methods will facilitate potential discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver disease in vivo.

Sustained fibrosis with deposition of excessive extracellular matrix proteins leads to cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse is one of the main causes of severe liver disease. We established an ethanol-induced zebrafish fibrotic liver model to study the mechanisms and strategies of promoting hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury.

Zebrafish의에서 에탄올에 의한 섬유 성 간 모델의 개발은 전구 세포 매개 간세포의 재생을 연구하는

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading ...

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, including mental retardation due to disordered and damaged brain development. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a term used to cover a continuum of birth defects that occur due to maternal alcohol consumption, and occurs in approximately 4% of children born in the United States. With 50% of child-bearing age women reporting consumption of alcohol, and half of all pregnancies being unplanned, unintentional exposure is a continuing issue2. In order to best understand the damage produced by ethanol, plus produce a model with which to test potential interventions, we developed a model of developmental ethanol exposure using the zebrafish embryo. Zebrafish are ideal for this kind of teratogen study3-8. Each pair lays hundreds of eggs, which can then be collected without harming the adult fish. The zebrafish embryo is transparent and can be readily imaged with any number of stains. Analysis of these embryos after exposure to ethanol at different doses and times of duration and application shows that the gross developmental defects produced by ethanol are consistent with the human birth defect. Described here are the basic techniques used to study and manipulate the zebrafish FAS model.

In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of the ethanol-induced developmental damage, we have developed a zebrafish model of ethanol exposure and are exploring the physical, cellular, and genetic alterations that occur after ethanol exposure1. We then seek to find potential interventions and rapidly test them in this animal model.

태아 알코올 노출의 Zebrafish 모델에서 Teratogenic 변경 사항 평가

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, ...

의학

Analysis of Liver Microenvironment During Early Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish

Liver cancer is currently the third&#160;leading cause of cancer related death worldwide, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75-90% of all liver cancer cases. With the introduction of effective treatments to prevent and treat hepatitis B/C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the more aggressive form know as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are quickly becoming the number one risk factors to develop HCC in modern societies. To better understand the role NASH has on the development of HCC we designed a NASH-associated HCC zebrafish. The optical clarity and genetic tractability of the zebrafish larvae make them an appealing and powerful model to study the liver microenvironment and immune cell composition using non-invasive fluorescent live imaging. This protocol describes how to use a NASH-associated HCC zebrafish model to investigate the effect of cholesterol surplus in the liver microenvironment and its impact on immune cell composition at early stages of the disease. First, we feed HCC larvae (s704Tg), which express hepatocyte-specific activated beta-catenin, with a 10% high cholesterol diet for 8 days to develop a NASH-associated HCC model. Here we describe how to make use of different transgenic lines to evaluate several early malignancy features in the liver by non-invasive confocal microscopy, such as liver area, cell, and nuclear morphology (hepatocytes area, nuclear area, nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio (N:C ratio), nuclear circularity, micronuclei/nuclear herniation scoring) and angiogenesis. Then, using transgenic lines with tagged immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells) we show how to analyze liver immune cell composition in NASH-associated HCC larvae. The described techniques are useful to evaluate liver microenvironment and immune cell composition at early hepatocarcinogenesis stages, but they can also be modified to study such features in other liver disease models.

Here, we present how to generate a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) zebrafish model to study the impact of cholesterol surplus on liver microenvironment and immune cell landscape.

제브라피쉬에서 비알코올성 지방간 질환 관련 간세포암의 초기 진행 중 간 미세환경 분석

Liver cancer is currently the third&#160;leading cause of cancer related death worldwide, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75-90% of all ...

암 연구학

Quantifying Liver Size in Larval Zebrafish Using Brightfield Microscopy

In several transgenic zebrafish models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatomegaly can be observed during early larval stages. Quantifying larval liver size in zebrafish HCC models provides a means to rapidly assess the effects of drugs and other manipulations on an oncogene-related phenotype. Here we show how to fix zebrafish larvae, dissect the tissues surrounding the liver, photograph livers using bright-field microscopy, measure liver area, and analyze results. This protocol enables rapid, precise quantification of liver size. As this method involves measuring liver area, it may underestimate differences in liver volume, and complementary methodologies are required to differentiate between changes in cell size and changes in cell number. The dissection technique described herein is an excellent tool to visualize the liver, gut, and pancreas in their natural positions for myriad downstream applications including immunofluorescence staining and in situ hybridization. The described strategy for quantifying larval liver size is applicable to many aspects of liver development and regeneration.

Here we demonstrate a method for quantifying liver size in larval zebrafish, providing a way to assess the effects of genetic and pharmacologic manipulations on liver growth and development.

브라이트필드 현미경을 사용하여 애벌레 제브라피시의 간 크기 정량화

In several transgenic zebrafish models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatomegaly can be observed during early larval stages. Quantifying larval ...

Quantification of Ethanol Levels in Zebrafish Embryos Using Head Space Gas Chromatography

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describe a highly variable continuum of ethanol-induced developmental defects, including facial dysmorphologies and neurological impairments. With a complex pathology, FASD affects approximately 1 in 100 children born in the United States each year. Due to the highly variable nature of FASD, animal models have proven critical in our current mechanistic understanding of ethanol-induced development defects. An increasing number of laboratories has focused on using zebrafish to examine ethanol-induced developmental defects. Zebrafish produce large numbers of externally fertilized, genetically tractable, translucent embryos. This allows researchers to precisely control timing and dosage of ethanol exposure in multiple genetic contexts and quantify the impact of embryonic ethanol exposure through live imaging techniques. This, combined with the high degree of conservation of both genetics and development with humans, has proven zebrafish to be a powerful model in which to study the mechanistic basis of ethanol teratogenicity. However, ethanol exposure regimens have varied between different zebrafish studies, which has confounded the interpretation of zebrafish data across these studies. Here is a protocol to quantify ethanol concentrations in zebrafish embryos using head space gas chromatography.

This work describes a protocol to quantify ethanol levels in a zebrafish embryo using head space gas chromatography from proper exposure methods to embryo processing and ethanol analysis.

헤드 스페이스 가스 크로마토그래피를 이용한 제브라피시 배아의 에탄올 수치 정량화

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) describe a highly variable continuum of ethanol-induced developmental defects, including facial dysmorphologies ...

Modeling Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Zebrafish to Characterize the Impact of an Adverse Embryonic Environment on Adult Social Behavior

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe all alcohol-induced birth defects. Birth defects such as growth deficiencies, craniofacial, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities are associated with FASD. Social difficulties are common behavioral abnormalities associated with FASD and often result in serious health issues. Animal models are critical to understanding the mechanisms responsible for ethanol-induced social defects. Zebrafish are social vertebrates that produce externally fertilized transparent eggs; these characteristics provide researchers with a precise yet simple procedure for creating the FASD phenotype and an innate behavior that can be leveraged to model the social deficits associated with FASD. Thus, zebrafish are ideal for characterizing the social deficits of FASD. The goal of the current protocol is to provide the user with a simple behavioral assay that can be used to characterize the consequences of a negative environment early during development and the effects it can have on social behavior in adulthood. The protocol can be used to characterize the effect mutations or teratogens have on adult social behavior. The protocol outlined here demonstrates how to characterize the social behavior of individual fish during a 20-min social assay. Furthermore, the data obtained using the current protocol provides evidence that the protocol can be used to characterize the effects of embryonic ethanol-induced social defects in adult zebrafish.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>제브라피시의 태아 알코올 스펙트럼 장애를 모델링하여 불리한 배아 환경이 성인의 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 특성화합니다.

The goal of the current protocol is to outline the steps necessary to establish and use a social preference assay for adult zebrafish and demonstrate that it can be used to characterize ethanol-induced social defects.

제브라피시의 태아 알코올 스펙트럼 장애를 모델링하여 불리한 배아 환경이 성인의 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 특성화합니다.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe all alcohol-induced birth defects. Birth defects such as growth deficiencies, craniofacial, behavioral, ...

Zebrafish에서의 급성 알코올성 간 손상의 조직 학적 분석

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

겐타 마이신 유도 부상으로 성인 Zebrafish의에서 신장 재생

Zebrafish의 태아에서 기계 선박 부상

담즙 중심의 간 재생을 연구하는 Zebrafish의에서 간세포 특이 절제

Zebrafish의에서 에탄올에 의한 섬유 성 간 모델의 개발은 전구 세포 매개 간세포의 재생을 연구하는

태아 알코올 노출의 Zebrafish 모델에서 Teratogenic 변경 사항 평가

제브라피쉬에서 비알코올성 지방간 질환 관련 간세포암의 초기 진행 중 간 미세환경 분석

브라이트필드 현미경을 사용하여 애벌레 제브라피시의 간 크기 정량화

헤드 스페이스 가스 크로마토그래피를 이용한 제브라피시 배아의 에탄올 수치 정량화

제브라피시의 태아 알코올 스펙트럼 장애를 모델링하여 불리한 배아 환경이 성인의 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 특성화합니다.

제브라피시의 태아 알코올 스펙트럼 장애를 모델링하여 불리한 배아 환경이 성인의 사회적 행동에 미치는 영향을 특성화합니다.