이 작품은 자연 과학 재단의 중국 국가 (부여 No. 11402221와 11502224), 국가 열쇠 실험실의 강렬한 펄스 방사선 시뮬레이션 효과 (SKLIPR1513)와 호남 지방 키 연구 및 개발 계획 (제에 의해 지원 되었다 2016 주 2014)입니다.

1. 유연한 압 박막 제조
<ol><li>운 모 시트에서 1 cm × 1 cm 운 모 기판이 위로 잘라.</li>
	<li>양면 테이프를 사용 하 여 책상에이 1 cm × 1 cm 운 모 기질을 수정 합니다.</li>
	<li>껍질-운 모 레이어-의해-계층에서 원하는 두께 (50 µ m)까지 마이크로미터로 측정을 핀셋을 사용 합니다.</li>
	<li>붙여넣기를이 갓 5 ' 기판 홀더 실버 페인트의 얇은 레이어를 사용 하 여에 운 모 기판 죽 습 고 기판에 운을 단단히 부착 하 10 분 동안 뜨거운 접시에 120 ° C에서 그것을 치료.</li>
	<li>PLD (펄스 레이저 증 착) 기판 홀더를 PLD 챔버에 넣으십시오.</li>
	<li>반복 속도 (예를 들어, 10 Hz)을 선택 하 고 레이저 에너지 (예를 들어, 300 엠 제이).</li>
	<li>설정된 위치에 초점 렌즈를 이동 합니다.</li>
	<li>셔터를 열고 5 nm CoFe2O4 (CFO) 입금 [에너지 레이저: 300 엠 제이, 산소 압력: 50 mTorr, 샘플 온도: 590 ° C, 증 착 시간: 5 분] 레이저 (그림 1)을 실행 하 여 버퍼 층으로 박막.</li>
	<li>20-80 nm SrRuO3 (SRO) 입금 [에너지 레이저: 300 엠 제이, 산소 압력: 100 mTorr, 샘플 온도: 680 ℃, 증 착 시간: 10-30 분] 레이저 (실행 하 여 후속 전기 성능 테스트에 대 한 아래 전극으로 CFO 버퍼 층에 그림 1)입니다.</li>
	<li>보증금 150는 nm 압 [에너지 레이저: 300 엠 제이, 산소 압력: 100 mTorr, 샘플 온도: 650 ° C, 증 착 시간: 60 분] 레이저 (그림 1)을 실행 하 여 SRO 하단 전극 위에 박막.</li>
	<li>N2 를 사용 하 여 챔버를 환기 하 고 온도 실내 온도 도달 하면 압/운 모 샘플 (그림 2)를 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>유리의 조각에 샘플을 넣어.</li>
	<li>샘플 위에 200 µ m 직경을 가진 미리 정의 된 메시를 넣어. 메시를 잘 해결 하 고 스퍼터 링 챔버로 메쉬 샘플을 넣어.</li>
	<li>DC 스퍼터 링 (10 mA, 8 mbar, 6 분) 영화에 Pt 최고 전극 입금 사용 합니다. 스퍼터 링 후 샘플을 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>1mm x 1mm 압 섹션을 제거 칼 또는 20 %HF 산을 사용 합니다. 이것은 하단 SRO 전극 폭로 하 고 많은 작은 유연한 ferroelectric 커패시터를 형성입니다. 참고: SRO 하단 전극으로 성장 하 고 DC 많은 작은 커패시터를 스퍼터 링 압 박막, 그림 3에 나와 있는의 전자 속성을 측정 하 여 영화에 전극 위에 Pt를 입금.</li>
	<li>하단 SRO 전극의 전기 전도성을 증가 노출된 SRO에 전도성 실버 코트 페인트. 전도성 실버 노출된 SRO에 연결할 수 있는지 확인 하십시오.</li>
</ol>2. ferroelectric 특성
<ol><li>굽 힘 시험<ol>
<li>유연한 샘플의 뒷면에 접착제 같은 쉬운 샘플의 한 단계에서 다른 전송에 대 한 샘플 크기와 종이.</li>
		<li>압/운 모 ferroelectric 테스트 시스템 반도체 소자 분석기 테스트 보드에 놓습니다.</li>
		<li>Pt 최고 전극에 ferroelectric 테스트 시스템, 반도체 소자 분석기에의 한 측정 프로브를 넣고 분극 전기 분야 (P E) 히스테리시스 루프를 실버 SRO 레이어에 다른 측정 프로브를 넣어 고 샘플은 구부러진 곡선을 커패시턴스-전기 분야 (C-E).<ol>
<li>2 kHz 주파수에서 두 개의 프로브와 P-E 히스테리시스 루프를 측정 하 고 4 두 V. 측정 C-E 곡선 프로브 1 MHz 주파수에서와 제거 대 4 벤드펴기 샘플.</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>양면 테이프를 사용 하 여 원하는 몰드에 유연한 압/운 모 박막을 보호 합니다. 측정 중 운의 미 끄 러/활공을 피하기 위해 주의.</li>
		<li>Ferroelectric 테스트 시스템 반도체 소자 분석기 테스트 보드에 탑재 합니다.</li>
		<li>동안 다른 프로브 접촉 하단 SRO 전극은 이전에 사용 하는 구성에 비슷한 코팅 (2.1.3 단계)를 통해 하나의 프로브 Pt 최고 전극에 넣어.</li>
		<li>P-E 히스테리시스 루프와 각종 인장 및 압축 굽 힘 반지름 (그림 4)에서 C-E 곡선을 측정 합니다.<ol>
<li>두 개의 프로브와 4 V 1 MHz 주파수에서 두 프로브 2 kHz 주파수와 4 대 법안 C-E 곡선에서 P-E 히스테리시스 루프를 측정 합니다.</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>P-E와 C E 측정 완료 되 면 유연한 압 샘플을 제거 합니다.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>열 안정성<ol>
<li>압/운 모 ferroelectric 테스트 시스템 반도체 소자 분석기 테스트 보드에 넣어.</li>
		<li>Pt 최고 전극에 대 한 측정 프로브를 넣고 실버 SRO 레이어에 다른 측정 프로브를 넣어.</li>
		<li>샘플이 열 온도 제어 시스템을 엽니다.</li>
		<li>다른 온도 (25 ° C, 50 ° C, 75 ° C, 100 ° C, 125 ° C, 150 ° C, 175 ° C)에 P-E와 C E 측정을 수행 합니다.</li>
		<li>측정 완료 후 히터 어셈블리를 해제 하십시오.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>벤딩 cyclability 테스트<ol>
<li>이 설정의 두 개의 홈으로 유연한 압/운 모 탑재 합니다.</li>
		<li>모터의 도움으로 다른 쪽 끝에서 핀이 구부러지거나 하는 동안 샘플의 한쪽 끝을 수정 합니다.</li>
		<li>8 m m 절곡 과정 (그림 5) 전에 모터의 운동 (절곡) 방향 함께 압/운 모 길이 측정 하는 통치자를 사용 합니다.</li>
		<li>예제 수식에 따라 5mm 구 부 운동 길이 C 계산: C=L-2Rsin(L/2R), 어디 L 압/운 모 벤드펴기한 상태에서의 길이, R 벤딩 반지름 이며 C 모터의 움직임입니다.</li>
		<li>컴퓨터 (그림 6)에 주기 (1000)를 절곡의 수를 설정 합니다.</li>
		<li>앞뒤로 모터 동작을 시작 하려면 시작 버튼 (그림 6)을 클릭 합니다.</li>
		<li>샘플을 제거 하 고 ferroelectric 특성 유지 여부를 확인 하려면 P E를 측정.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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저자는 공개 경쟁 금융 관심 없다 있다.

Ferroelectric 요소 제작에서 핵심적인 단계는 깨끗 하 고 도/평면 기판 표면에의 사용에 있다. 보이는 쪼개기 고통에서 서피스를 방지에 관심을 지불, 레이어, 균열, 포함, 등 압 층의 증 착 후 분할 하는 데 필요한 갓 쪼개진된 운 모 표면 원자적 부드러운 하지만, 샘플에서 냉각 했다는 높은 산소 압력을 줄이기 위해 산소 공석 (200-500 Torr). 최고의 백 금 전극 현장 전 많은 Pt/압/SRO 커패시?...

유연한 비휘발성 메모리 요소 (NVME)의 성공적인 제작 유연한 전자의 모든 잠재력을 악용에 중요 한 역할을 한다. NVME 가벼운 무게, 낮은 비용, 낮은 전력 소비, 빠른 속도 높은 저장 밀도 기능 외에 데이터 저장, 정보 처리 및 통신 기능을 한다. 페로 Pb (Zr, Ti) O3 (압)의 큰 분극, 빠른 분극 스위칭, 높은 퀴리 온도, 낮은 강제 필드와 높은 압 전 계수를 고려 하 고 이러한 응용 프로그램에 대 한 인기 있는 시스템 역할을 합니다. Ferroelectric 비휘발성 기억에 외부 전압 펄스 두 나머지 분극 '0'과 '1'로 표현 하는 2 개의 안정 방향 사이 전환할 수 있습니다. 그것은 비-휘발성, 그리고 나노초 내에서 읽기/쓰기 프로세스를 완료할 수 있습니다. NVME 유기1,2,,34,,56 및 무기7,,89,10에 따라 ,11,12,13,,1415 ferroelectric 자료 유연한 기판에 시도. 그러나, 이러한 통합의 높은 온도 성장 또한 저하 장치 성능, 현재 누설 및 그들의 거친 표면 때문에 전기 단락 뿐만 아니라 기판의 무 능력에 의해 제한 됩니다. 유망한 결과도 불구 하 고 기판8 의 숱이 같은 전략을 대체 및15 유연 기판 코피 레이어 전송 고통을 정교한 다중 단계 프로세스에 비추어 제한 된 생존에 전송, 및 제한 된 적용의 예측입니다.
앞서 언급 한 이유로 탐험 더 유연한 전자 사전 소프트 기판의 제한 열 및 운영 안정성을 극복할 수 있는 적절 한 기판에 중대 하다. 자연 모스크바 운 모 (칼2(AlSi3O10) (OH)2) 개별적으로 매끄러운 표면, 높은 열 안정성, 화학 inertness, 높은 투명성, 기계적 유연성, 같은 독특한 기능으로 기판 및 현재 제조 방법 호환성 효과적으로 이러한 문제를 해결 하려면 사용할 수 있습니다. 더 많은 그래서, 단사 운 모 2 차원 계층된 구조 격자와 일치 하는 조건, 그로 인하여 크게 억제 효과 클램핑 기판 열 완화 판 데르 발스 피를 지원 합니다. 이러한 장점 기능 산화물16,17,18,19,20,,2122의 직접 성장에 이용 되는 23 모스크바에 최근에, 유연한 장치 응용 프로그램의 관점에서.
여기, 우리가 직접 코피 아직 유연한 리드 지르코늄 타이타늄 (압) 박막 모스크바 운 모에 성장 하는 프로토콜을 설명 합니다. 이 운 모, 반 데르 발스 heteroepitaxy 결과의 다양 한 속성에 펄스 레이저 증 착 과정을 통해 이루어집니다. 이러한 조작된 구조 엄밀한 단일 결정 기판에 코피 압의 모든 우수한 속성을 유지 하 고 우수한 열 및 기계적 안정성을 전시. 이 간단 하 고 신뢰할 수 있는 방법은 다단계 전송 및 전략 숱이 기판 기술의 이점을 제공 하 고 많이 기다려온 유연 하면서도 단일 결정 비 휘발성 메모리 요소에 대 한 필수의 개발을 용이 하 게 다음-세대 고성능 스마트 장치입니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1114">
	<tbody>
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			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:387px;"></td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">hot plate</td>
			<td style="width:387px;">Polish</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">P-20</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">PLD system</td>
			<td>PVD products</td>
			<td>PLD 5000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Ferroelectric test system&#160;</td>
			<td>Radiant Technologies Precisions workstations&#160;</td>
			<td>RT66A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Semiconductor device analyzer&#160;</td>
			<td>Agilent&#160;</td>
			<td>B1500A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bending molds</td>
			<td>home-made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Machined teflon material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bending stage</td>
			<td>home-built</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Labview interfaced setup which provides a prescise displacemnt as small as 1 micrometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Sputtering system</td>
			<td>Beijing&#160;Elaborate</td>
			<td>ETD-3000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Materials</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">mica(001) sheets</td>
			<td>Nilaco corporation&#160;</td>
			<td>990066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">conductive silver paint</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, INC</td>
			<td>No.16033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">CoFe2O4 target</td>
			<td>Kurt J.Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">SrRuO3 target</td>
			<td>Kurt J.Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 target</td>
			<td>Kurt J.Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Pt target</td>
			<td>Hefei Ke jing</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a fabrication and measurement method for a flexible ferroelectric element based on van der waals heteroepitaxy

그들은 휴대용 스마트 전자 장치에 대 한 적용 가능한 미래에, 고밀도 데이터 스토리지 및 낮은 전력 소모 기능 유연한 비휘발성 기억 많은 관심을 받았습니다. 그러나, 유연한 기판에 고품질 산화물 기반의 비휘발성 메모리 소재 특성 및 피할 수 없는 고온 제조 공정에 의해 종종 제한 됩니다. 이 논문에서는, 프로토콜은 직접 코피 아직 유연한 리드 지르코늄 타이타늄 메모리 요소 모스크바 운 모에 성장 것을 제안 하 고 있다. 다양 한 증 착 기술 및 측정 방법 스마트 장치의 다음 세대에 필요한 유연한 아직 단일 결정 비 휘발성 메모리 요소의 제조 가능

1 단계에에서 설명 된 대로 코피 압/SRO/CFO/운 모 박막 펄스 레이저 증 착 기법으로 예금 되었다. 그림 1 에서는 성장 계획 그리고 그림 2 는 압에 따라 실제 유연한 NVM 요소를 보여 줍니다.

기계적 안정성은 유연한 장치 응용 프로그램의 중요 한 측면 이다. 기계적인 flexing에 대 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy at JoVE.com

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

이 논문에서 우리 직접 아직 코피는 성장 하는 프로토콜 유연한 리드 지르코늄 타이타늄 메모리 요소에 현재 모스크바 운 모.

제조 및 반 데르 발스 Heteroepitaxy에 따라 유연한 Ferroelectric 요소에 대 한 측정 방법

Flexible non-volatile memories have received much attention as they are applicable for portable smart electronic device in the future, relying on ...

a-fabrication-measurement-method-for-flexible-ferroelectric-element

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.1K 조회수.  Xiangtan University. 이 논문에서 우리 직접 아직 코피는 성장 하는 프로토콜 유연한 리드 지르코늄 타이타늄 메모리 요소에 현재 모스크바 운 모.

비디오: A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

High contrast gratings are designed and fabricated and its application is proposed in a parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element that can improve the solar conversion efficiency of a concentrated photovoltaic system. The proposed system will also lower the solar cell cost in the concentrated photovoltaic system by replacing the expensive tandem solar cells with the cost-effective single junction solar cells. The structures and the parameters of high contrast gratings for the dispersive elements were numerically optimized. The large-area fabrication of high contrast gratings was experimentally demonstrated using nanoimprint lithography and dry etching. The quality of grating material and the performance of the fabricated device were both experimentally characterized. By analyzing the measurement results, the possible side effects from the fabrication processes are discussed and several methods that have the potential to improve the fabrication processes are proposed, which can help to increase the optical efficiency of the fabricated devices.

The fabrication of high contrast gratings as the parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element in a concentrated photovoltaic system is demonstrated. Fabrication processes including nanoimprint lithography, TiO2 sputtering and reactive ion etching are described. Reflectance measurement results are used to characterize the optical performance.

집중 태양 광 발전 시스템의 스펙트럼 분할 흩어 요소에 대한 고 대비 격자의 제작

High contrast gratings are designed and fabricated and its application is proposed in a parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element that can improve ...

연구

공학

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an elastomeric dielectric membrane sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The large actuation strains of these transducers when used as actuators (over 300% area strain) and their soft and compliant nature has been exploited for a wide range of applications, including electrically tunable optics, haptic feedback devices, wave-energy harvesting, deformable cell-culture devices, compliant grippers, and propulsion of a bio-inspired fish-like airship. In most cases, DETs are made with a commercial proprietary acrylic elastomer and with hand-applied electrodes of carbon powder or carbon grease. This combination leads to non-reproducible and slow actuators exhibiting viscoelastic creep and a short lifetime. We present here a complete process flow for the reproducible fabrication of DETs based on thin elastomeric silicone films, including casting of thin silicone membranes, membrane release and prestretching, patterning of robust compliant electrodes, assembly and testing. The membranes are cast on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a water-soluble sacrificial layer for ease of release. The electrodes consist of carbon black particles dispersed into a silicone matrix and patterned using a stamping technique, which leads to precisely-defined compliant electrodes that present a high adhesion to the dielectric membrane on which they are applied.

This manuscript shows the fabrication process for the manufacture of dielectric elastomer soft actuators based on silicone membranes. The three key stages of production are presented in detail: blade casting of thin silicone membranes; pad printing of compliant electrodes; and the assembly of all the components.

실리콘 엘라스토머 계 유전 액츄에이터 제조 공정

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film synthesis) for the purpose of exploratory materials research. Certain materials pose a challenge wherein the traditional bulk Hall bar device fabrication method is insufficient to produce a measureable device for sample transport measurement, principally because the single crystal size is too small to attach wire leads to the sample in a Hall bar configuration. This can be, for example, because the first batch of a new material synthesized yields very small single crystals or because flakes of samples of one to very few monolayers are desired. In order to enable rapid characterization of materials that may be carried out in parallel with improvements to their growth methodology, a method of device fabrication for very small samples has been devised to permit the characterization of novel materials as soon as a preliminary batch has been produced. A slight variation of this methodology is applicable to producing devices using exfoliated samples of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as well as multilayer heterostructures of such materials. Here we present detailed protocols for the experimental device fabrication of fragments and flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate and subsequent measurement in a commercial superconducting magnet, dry helium close-cycle cryostat magnetotransport system at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

We describe the methodology of mechanical exfoliation and deposition of flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate, fabrication of experimental device structures for transport experimentation, and the magnetotransport measurement in a dry helium close-cycle cryostat at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

소설 재료의 저온 Magnetotransport 측정을위한 고급 실험 방법

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is the preparation of stretchable conductors with great mechanical stability. In this study, we developed a simple fabrication method to chemically solder the contact points between silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. AgNW nanomesh was first deposited on a glass slide via spray coating method. A reactive ink composed of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) precursors was applied over the spray coated AgNW thin films. After heating for 40 min, AgNPs were preferentially generated over the nanowire junctions to solder the AgNW nanomesh, and reinforced the conducting network. The chemically modified AgNW thin film was then transferred to polyurethane (PU) substrates by casting method. The soldered AgNW thin films on PU exhibited no obvious change in electrical conductivity under stretching or rolling process with elongation strains up to 120%.

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

One of the limiting steps to detecting traces of explosives at screening venues is effective collection of the sample. Wipe-sampling is the most common procedure for collecting traces of explosives, and standardized measurements of collection efficiency are needed to evaluate and optimize sampling protocols. The approach described here is designed to provide this measurement infrastructure, and controls most of the factors known to be relevant to wipe-sampling. Three critical factors (the applied force, travel distance, and travel speed) are controlled using an automated device. Test surfaces are chosen based on similarity to the screening environment, and the wipes can be made from any material considered for use in wipe-sampling. Particle samples of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) are applied in a fixed location on the surface using a dry-transfer technique. The particle samples, recently developed to simulate residues made after handling explosives, are produced by inkjet printing of RDX solutions onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates. Collection efficiency is measured by extracting collected explosive from the wipe, and then related to critical sampling factors and the selection of wipe material and test surface. These measurements are meant to guide the development of sampling protocols at screening venues, where speed and throughput are primary considerations.

Optimized sampling protocols and the development of new wipe materials can be facilitated by standardized measurements of collection efficiency from wipe-sampling. Our approach for sampling trace explosives uses an automated device to control speed, force, and distance during wipe-sampling followed by extraction of collected explosives.

추적 폭발물 닦아 샘플링에서 수집 효율을 측정하는 표준화 된 방법

One of the limiting steps to detecting traces of explosives at screening venues is effective collection of the sample. Wipe-sampling is the most common ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

측면 NIPIN 포토 트랜지스터에 따라 유연한 이미지 센서의 제조

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

Cutting Procedures, Tensile Testing, and Ageing of Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates

Many body armor designs incorporate unidirectional (UD) laminates. UD laminates are constructed of thin (&#60;0.05 mm) layers of high-performance yarns, where the yarns in each layer are oriented parallel to each other and held in place using binder resins and thin polymer films. The armor is constructed by stacking the unidirectional layers in different orientations. To date, only very preliminary work has been performed to characterize the ageing of the binder resins used in unidirectional laminates and the effects on their performance. For example, during the development of the conditioning protocol used in the National Institute of Justice Standard-0101.06, UD laminates showed visual signs of delamination and reductions in V50, which is the velocity at which half of the projectiles are expected to perforate the armor, after ageing. A better understanding of the material property changes in UD laminates is necessary to comprehend the long-term performance of armors constructed from these materials. There are no current standards recommended for mechanically interrogating unidirectional (UD) laminate materials. This study explores methods and best practices for accurately testing the mechanical properties of these materials and proposes a new test methodology for these materials. Best practices for ageing these materials are also described.

The goal of the study was to develop protocols to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high-strength aramid or ultra-high-molar-mass polyethylene-based flexible unidirectional composite laminate materials and to describe protocols for performing artificial ageing on these materials.

Many body armor designs incorporate unidirectional (UD) laminates. UD laminates are constructed of thin (&#60;0.05 mm) layers of high-performance yarns, ...

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We demonstrate not only lateral control but, importantly, also control over the angular alignment of adjacent layers. The core of the technique is represented by a home-built transfer setup which allows the user to control the position of the individual crystals involved in the transfer. This is achieved with sub-micrometer (translational) and sub-degree (angular) precision. Prior to stacking them together, the isolated crystals are individually manipulated by custom-designed moving stages that are controlled by a programmed software interface. Moreover, since the entire transfer setup is computer controlled, the user can remotely create precise heterostructures without coming into direct contact with the transfer setup, labeling this technique as &#8220;hands-free&#8221;. In addition to presenting the transfer set-up, we also describe two techniques for preparing the crystals that are subsequently stacked.

In this work we describe a technique that is used to create new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking ultrathin layered 2D materials with precise control over position and relative orientation.

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We ...

Method Development for Contactless Resonant Cavity Dielectric Spectroscopic Studies of Cellulosic Paper

The current analytical techniques for characterizing printing and graphic arts substrates are largely ex situ and destructive. This limits the amount of data that can be obtained from an individual sample and renders it difficult to produce statistically relevant data for unique and rare materials. Resonant cavity dielectric spectroscopy is a non-destructive, contactless technique which can simultaneously interrogate both sides of a sheeted material and provide measurements which are suitable for statistical interpretations. This offers analysts the ability to quickly discriminate between sheeted materials based on composition and storage history. In this methodology article, we demonstrate how contactless resonant cavity dielectric spectroscopy may be used to differentiate between paper analytes of varying fiber species compositions, to determine the relative age of the paper, and to detect and quantify the amount of post-consumer waste (PCW) recycled fiber content in manufactured office paper.

A protocol for the non-destructive analysis of the fiber content and relative age of paper.

비접촉식 공진성 유전체 분광연구용 셀룰로오스 종이 공진법 개발

The current analytical techniques for characterizing printing and graphic arts substrates are largely ex situ and destructive. This limits the amount of ...