이러한 노력은 전적으로 미국 DOE, 기초 에너지 과학, 재료 과학 및 공학 부문 사무소에 의해 지원되었다.

1. 견본 성장 제조 <ol><li> 5mm를 청소 × 5 mm 엑스 miscut 각도를 가진 0.5 mm 단결정 기판 &lt;10 분 각각에 대한 초음파 세척기에서 아세톤 후 물 등 SrTiO 3 LaAlO3는 같은 0.1도. SrTiO 3, 30 초 동안 10 % 불화 수소의 에칭 기판에 광촉매 종료를하고 10 시간 동안 1,100 ° C에서 어닐링 한 다음 1 분, 물에 씻어합니다. 청소 후, 초고 진공 상태에 적합한 히터 기판을 장착합니다. </li><li> PLD 진공 챔버에 히터를 탑재하고 2 × 10E-5 토르 산소 챔버를 채우기 위해 챔버 산소 소스를 엽니 다. 800 히터 온도를 상승 ° C와 20 분 동안 어닐링 할 수 있습니다. 온도는 컴퓨터 제어 고온계 또는 열전대를 사용하여 모니터링 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 필름 증착을 시작하려면, 엑시머 1의 1 ~ 2 J / cm 2 및 레이저 주파수의 레이저 플루 언스를 사용하여 레이저 펄스 시작또는 2 Hz에서. 레이저 펄스는 대상 자료를 치고 깃털 플럭스를 생성합니다. 플럭스는 기판에 산소 환경과 예금을 통해 침투합니다. </li><li> 반사 고 에너지 전자 회절 (RHEED)은 단위 세포의 성장을 모니터링하고 표면 품질 7을 확인하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 기술은 매우 분명 두께를 모니터링 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 영화가 원하는 두께의 경우, 레이저를 끄고 ° C / 분, 5시에 히터 온도를 낮 춥니 다. 히터의 온도가 실내 온도로 냉각되면, 산소 공급을 끄고 샘플을 제거합니다. </li><li> 전 현장 소둔은 성장 후 또는 진공 오랜 기간 동안있을 수있는 산소 결함을 제거하는 산화물 재료에 사용할 수 있습니다. 산소를 흐르는 1 기압에서 튜브로에서 샘플을 놓습니다. 20에서 온도를 상승 ° C ~ 700 ° C 5시에 ° C / 분을 20으로 2 시간을위한 어닐링 한 후 700 ° C에서 온도를 감소 ° C 2의 ° C / 분. 중요한 없음테이 악영향 표면 품질에 영향을 미칠 수있는 부정적인 결정의 품질에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 산소 공석을 채울 때 필름의 성장하는 동안 사용되는 것보다 높은 온도에서 사후 어닐링 않을 것입니다. </li></ol> 2. 석판 제작 <ol><li> 초음파 10 분 각각 아세톤 후 물에 샘플을 청소합니다. 광학 현미경은 시료 표면이 큰 입자의 깨끗한 지 확인하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. (그림 2A) </li><li> 코트 1 마이크론 두께의 레지스트 층을 스핀. 이 숫자가 사용되는 특정 포토 레지스트에 의존하지만 일반적으로 회전 속도와 지속 시간은 6,000 rpm으로 80 초 주위입니다. 포토 레지스트를 치료하기 위해 2 분 동안 115 ° C에서 가열 플레이트에 샘플을 놓습니다. 광학 현미경으로 포토 레지스트 품질을 확인합니다. 코팅없이 버블 링 균일 나타납니다. </li><li> 노출 선량 9 초 동안 UV 빛을 가진 미리 정의 된 리소그래피 마스크 아래에 샘플을 노출하는 마스크 얼 라이너를 사용90 엠제이 / cm 2. 다시이 숫자는 사용 된 포토 레지스트에 해당 될 것입니다. 마스크에 의해 발견되는 PR의 부분의 속성을 변경하고 화학 개발자에 용해 될 수있는 반면 긍정적 인 포토 레지스트를 사용하는 경우, 마스크에 의해 덮여 포토 레지스트의 부분은 화학적 속성을 변경하지 않습니다. ° 80 C 초 더 노출 된 포토 레지스트를 치료하는 110 포토 레지스트 및 샘플을 가열한다. </li><li> 25-35 초 동안 개발자 솔루션 샘플을 씻어. 즉시 샘플을 꺼내 30 초 동안 물에 헹구십시오. 긍정적 인 포토 레지스트를 사용하는 경우 적용되는 부분이 남아있는 동안, 마스크에 의해 발견되는 포토 레지스트의 일부가 씻겨됩니다. 개발 단계의 기간은 정확하게 포토 레지스트 크기 및 화질 (그림 2B)를 제어하는 데있어 매우 중요합니다. </li><li> 요오드화 칼륨, 염산 비율을 1:1:1의 물 솔루션을 준비합니다. t를 헹구어 플라스틱 핀셋을 사용하여약 10 초 동안 산에있는 그 샘플. 박막의 보호 부분은 에칭 될 것입니다. 바로 60 초 동안 순수한 물에서 샘플을 씻어. 얇은 필름이 완전히 식각되어 있는지 확인하기 위해 광학 현미경으로 확인합니다. 그렇지 않은 경우, 에칭 산성 2 ~ 3 초 이상을 추가하고 즉시 깨끗한 물로 씻어 후, 광학 현미경으로 다시 확인합니다. 모든 보호 필름이 에칭 될 때까지이 절차를 반복합니다. 이 프로세스는 에칭 강도와 두께에 의해 결정됩니다. 많은 manganites에 대한 일반적인 식각 속도는 대략 1-4 nm의 / 위에서 설명한 1시 1분 1초 솔루션 비율 제입니다. </li><li> 남아있는 포토 레지스트를 제거하는 20 초 동안 아세톤에서 샘플을 씻어. 현미경 (그림 2C와 2D)와 샘플의 품질을 확인합니다. </li></ol> 3. 와이어 본딩 연결 <ol><li> 연락처에 대한 적절한 선에서 열린 지역을 떠나 리소그래피 마스크를 사용하여 위의 단계 2.1-2.3를 반복 포토 마스크를 사용하여패드. 샘플에 5 나노 티타늄 및 100 nm의 금 (Au) 증발과 아세톤에 헹구십시오. 이 포토 레지스트를 제거하고 오직 원하는 연락처 패드 형상 (그림 3A)를 떠날 것입니다. </li><li> 샘플 퍽에 샘플을 마운트 GE 광택을 사용합니다. 15 분을 치료 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 와이어 본더 무대에서 샘플의 위치를 수정하고 샘플 퍽에서 티 / AU 접점 (그림 3B)에 알루미늄 와이어를 연결하는 와이어 본더를 사용합니다. 그런 다음 전기 측정을 수행합니다. </li></ol>

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관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

은 Si와 같은 단일 요소 반도체 물질과는 달리, 복합 재료의 제조는 복잡한 구조와 여러 요소가 모두 고려되어야한다는 사실로 인해 더 어려울 수 있습니다. 복합 산화물 장치를 제작하는 포토 리소그래피의 사용은 상대적으로 낮은 비용과 다른 구속 기법에 반​​대하는 프로토 타입 빠릅니다. 이해하는 몇 가지 중요한 한계도 존재한다. 포토 리소그래피는 약 1 마이크론의 구조를 만드는 공간 ?...

첫 번째와 높은 품질의 디바이스를 향해 가장 중요한 단계 중 하나는 에피 택셜 산화물 박막의 성장이다. 단결정 기판은 대상 물질을 증착하는 &quot;템플릿&quot;으로 사용됩니다. 다른 증착 방법 중에서, 펄스 레이저 증착법 (PLD)는 4,5 양질의 박막을 얻을 수있는 가장 좋은 방법 중 하나입니다. 성장 과정은 산소 환경에서 800 ° C로 기판을 가열 대상 물질을 칠하고 기판에 증착되는 자속을 생성하는 레이저 펄스를 사용하여 포함한다. 일반적인 시스템은 그림 1에 표시됩니다. 패터닝되지 않은 필름은 필름의 차원을 감소, 이국적인 새로운 물리학는 6 내기 위해 표시되었습니다 동안 새로운 현상 및 장치 제작을 탐구 할 수있는 많은 기회를 제공한다. 포토 리소그래피는 1 ㎛의 순서로 아래에있는 평면 샘플 차원을 축소하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 포토 리소그래피 공정의 상세한 프로토콜 것아래에서 논의 할. 이 기술은 다른 긴장 상태에서 개최 에피 택셜 필름에 구속 효과의 조사를 허용 가장 널리 사용되는 기판과 호환됩니다. 많은 복합 산화물은 낮은 온도 및 / 또는 높은 자기장에서 흥미로운 특성을 가지고 있기 때문에, 장치와 측정 장비 사이의 전자 연결은 매우 중요합니다. 높은 품질의 연락처는 4 프로브 형상과 패드와 측정 장치 사이의 연결을 확인하는 와이어 본더의 사용과 오 접촉 패드를 증발에 의해 형성 될 수있다. 올바르게 완료되면, 이러한 연결은 쉽게 T.는 ± 9까지의 4 K 400 K와 자기장 범위의 넓은 온도 범위 내에서 극단적 인 측정 환경을 견딜 수

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Reagent/Material</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>SrTiO3(001) &amp; LaAlO3(100) substrates</td>
 <td>CrysTec GmbH</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Microposit S1813 Photoresist</td>
 <td>Shipley</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CD-26 Developer</td>
 <td>Shipley</td>
 <td>38490</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>GE varnish</td>
 <td>Lakeshore</td>
 <td>VGE-7031</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Equipment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Reflected High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED)</td>
 <td>Staib Instruments</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>35 kV TorrRHEED</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Mask Aligner</td>
 <td>ABM</td>
 <td>Model 85-3 (350 W) Lightsource</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Resistivity Puck</td>
 <td>Quantum Design</td>
 <td>P102</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Wire Bonder</td>
 <td>Kulicke &amp; Soffa</td>
 <td>04524-0XDA-000-00</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

fabrication of spatially confined complex oxides

이러한 높은 TC를 초전도체, multiferroics, 그리고 거대한 magnetoresistors 같은 복잡한 재료는 그 안에있는 고유의 강력한 전자 상관 관계에서 발생하는 전자 및 자기 적 성질이 있습니다. 이 자료는 매우 다른 저항과 자기 행동의 영역이 단결정 합금 물자에서 공존 할 수있는 전자 상 분리를 보유 할 수 있습니다. 전자 도메인의 고유 한 크기 이하 길이의 비늘이 재료의 크기를 줄임으로써, 새로운 행동이 노출 될 수 있습니다. 때문에이 스핀 - 전하 - 격자 궤도 순서 매개 변수는 각 공간적으로 전송 측정을위한 이러한 물질을 줄이고, 상관 길이를 포함한다는 사실 복잡한 행동을 구동하는 기본적인 물리학을 이해하는 중요한 단계입니다. 이 자료는 또한 1-3 전자 기기의 차세대 될 수있는 큰 잠재력을 제공합니다. 따라서, 저 차원 나노 또는 제조마이크로 구조는 새로운 기능을 달성하기 위해 매우 중요합니다. 이 고품질의 박막 성장에서 정확한 전자 재산의 특성에 여러 개의 제어 프로세스를 포함한다. 여기, 우리는 복합 산화물 망가 장치를위한 고품질의 미세 가공 프로토콜을 제시한다. 자세한 설명과 박막 성장의 필수 장비, 사진 리소그래피 및 와이어 본딩이 표시됩니다.

이 논문은 샘플 준비의 포토 리소그래피 및 와이어 본딩 측면에 주로 초점을 맞추고 있습니다. 영화의 성장 과정에 대한 자세한 내용은 우리의 다른 최근의 출판물 8에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 포토 리소그래피는 전자 상관 길이와 전자 상 분리 9-13을 조사하기위한 목적으로 복합 산화물의 차원을 제어하는 중요한 방법입니다. 그림 2는 과정에서 일?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

우리는 펄스 레이저 증착법 (PLD), 포토 리소그래피와 마이크로 미터 규모의 복합 산화물 장치를 생성하는 와이어 본딩 기술의 사용을 설명합니다. PLD는 에피 택셜 박막을 성장하기 위하여 이용된다. 포토 리소그래피 및 와이어 본딩 기술은 측정을 위해 실제 디바이스를 생성하기 위해 도입된다.

공간적으로 밀폐 복합 산화물의 제조

Complex materials such as high Tc superconductors, multiferroics, and colossal magnetoresistors have electronic and magnetic properties that arise from ...

fabrication-of-spatially-confined-complex-oxides

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

9.4K 조회수.  Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 우리는 펄스 레이저 증착법 (PLD), 포토 리소그래피와 마이크로 미터 규모의 복합 산화물 장치를 생성하는 와이어 본딩 기술의 사용을 설명합니다. PLD는 에피 택셜 박막을 성장하기 위하여 이용된다. 포토 리소그래피 및 와이어 본딩 기술은 측정을 위해 실제 디바이스를 생성하기 위해 도입된다.

비디오: Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the milli-scale structure of barbs and barbules largely determines the directional pattern of reflected light; and through the macro-scale spatial structure of overlapping, curved feathers, these directional effects create the visual texture. Milli-scale and macro-scale effects determine where on the organism's body, and from what viewpoints and under what illumination, the iridescent colors are seen. Thus, the highly directional flash of brilliant color from the iridescent throat of a hummingbird is inadequately explained by its nano-scale structure alone and questions remain. From a given observation point, which milli-scale elements of the feather are oriented to reflect strongly? Do some species produce broader "windows" for observation of iridescence than others? These and similar questions may be asked about any organisms that have evolved a particular surface appearance for signaling, camouflage, or other reasons.
In order to study the directional patterns of light scattering from feathers, and their relationship to the bird's milli-scale morphology, we developed a protocol for measuring light scattered from biological materials using many high-resolution photographs taken with varying illumination and viewing directions. Since we measure scattered light as a function of direction, we can observe the characteristic features in the directional distribution of light scattered from that particular feather, and because barbs and barbules are resolved in our images, we can clearly attribute the directional features to these different milli-scale structures. Keeping the specimen intact preserves the gross-scale scattering behavior seen in nature. The method described here presents a generalized protocol for analyzing spatially- and directionally-varying light scattering from complex biological materials at multiple structural scales.

We present a non-destructive method for sampling spatial variation in the direction of light scattered from structurally complex materials. By keeping the material intact, we preserve gross-scale scattering behavior, while concurrently capturing fine-scale directional contributions with high-resolution imaging. Results are visualized in software at biologically-relevant positions and scales.

생물 재료의 공간적 및 방향성에 따라 변화 광산란 측정

Light interacts with an organism's integument on a variety of spatial scales. For example in an iridescent bird: nano-scale structures produce color; the ...

연구

공학

Fabrication of Nano-engineered Transparent Conducting Oxides by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, density and stoichiometry by a proper control of the plasma plume expansion dynamics. Such versatility can be exploited to produce nanostructured films from compact and dense to nanoporous characterized by a hierarchical assembly of nano-sized clusters. In particular we describe the detailed methodology to fabricate two types of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films as transparent electrodes in photovoltaic devices: 1) at low O2 pressure, compact films with electrical conductivity and optical transparency close to the state of the art transparent conducting oxides (TCO) can be deposited at room temperature, to be compatible with thermally sensitive materials such as polymers used in organic photovoltaics (OPVs); 2) highly light scattering hierarchical structures resembling a forest of nano-trees are produced at higher pressures. Such structures show high Haze factor (&gt;80%) and may be exploited to enhance the light trapping capability. The method here described for AZO films can be applied to other metal oxides relevant for technological applications such as TiO2, Al2O3, WO3 and Ag4O4.

We describe the experimental method to deposit nanostructured oxide thin films by nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas. By using this method Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films, from compact to hierarchically structured as nano-tree forests, can be deposited.

의 제작 펄스 레이저 증착에 의해 투명 실시 산화물 나노 설계

Nanosecond Pulsed  Laser Deposition (PLD) in the presence of a background gas allows the deposition  of metal oxides with tunable morphology, structure, ...

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

An experimental study is performed to measure the terminal settling velocities of spherical particles in surfactant based shear thinning viscoelastic (VES) fluids. The measurements are made for particles settling in unbounded fluids&#160;and fluids between parallel walls. VES fluids over a wide range of rheological properties are prepared and rheologically characterized. The rheological characterization involves steady shear-viscosity and dynamic oscillatory-shear measurements to quantify the viscous and elastic properties respectively. The settling velocities under unbounded conditions are measured in beakers having diameters at least 25x the diameter of particles. For measuring settling velocities between parallel walls, two experimental cells with different wall spacing are constructed. Spherical particles of varying sizes are gently dropped in the fluids and allowed to settle. The process is recorded with a high resolution video camera and the trajectory of the particle is recorded using image analysis software. Terminal settling velocities are calculated from the data.
The impact of elasticity on settling velocity in unbounded fluids is quantified by comparing the experimental settling velocity to the settling velocity calculated by the inelastic drag predictions of Renaud et al.1&#160;Results show that elasticity of fluids can increase or decrease the settling velocity. The magnitude of reduction/increase is a function of the rheological properties of the fluids and properties of particles. Confining walls are observed to cause a retardation effect on settling and the retardation is measured in terms of wall factors.

This paper demonstrates the experimental procedure to measure terminal settling velocities of spherical particles in surfactant-based shear thinning viscoelastic fluids. Fluids over a wide range of rheological properties are prepared and settling velocities are measured for a range of particle sizes in unbounded fluids and fluids between parallel walls.

An experimental study is performed to measure the terminal settling velocities of spherical particles in surfactant based shear thinning viscoelastic ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including microresonators. However, because of the increased acoustic radiative losses during direct liquid immersion of optomechanical devices, almost all published optomechanical experiments have been performed in solid phase. This paper discusses a recently introduced hollow microfluidic optomechanical resonator. Detailed methodology is provided to fabricate these ultra-high-Q microfluidic resonators, perform optomechanical testing, and measure radiation pressure-driven breathing mode and SBS-driven whispering gallery mode parametric vibrations. By confining liquids inside the capillary resonator, high mechanical- and optical- quality factors are simultaneously maintained.

Parametric optomechanical excitations have recently been experimentally demonstrated in microfluidic optomechanical resonators by means of optical radiation pressure and stimulated Brillouin scattering. This paper describes the fabrication of these microfluidic resonators along with methodologies for generating and verifying optomechanical oscillations.

제작 및 미세 유체 광​​ 기계 발진기의 테스트

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process being used in order to maintain exquisite control over both feature size and feature density. Here, we demonstrate a method for tracking atomically resolved and controlled structures from initial template definition through final nanostructure metrology, opening up a pathway for top-down atomic control over nanofabrication. Hydrogen depassivation lithography is the first step of the nanoscale fabrication process followed by selective atomic layer deposition of up to 2.8 nm of titania to make a nanoscale etch mask. Contrast with the background is shown, indicating different mechanisms for growth on the desired patterns and on the H passivated background. The patterns are then transferred into the bulk using reactive ion etching to form 20 nm tall nanostructures with linewidths down to ~6 nm. To illustrate the limitations of this process, arrays of holes and lines are fabricated. The various nanofabrication process steps are performed at disparate locations, so process integration is discussed. Related issues are discussed including using fiducial marks for finding nanostructures on a macroscopic sample and protecting the chemically reactive patterned Si(100)-H surface against degradation due to atmospheric exposure.

We report a protocol for combining the atomic metrology of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope for surface patterning with selective Atomic Layer Deposition and Reactive Ion Etching. Using a robust process involving numerous atmospheric exposures and transport, 3D nanostructures with atomic metrology are fabricated.

원자 추적 가능한 나노 구조 제작

Reducing the scale of etched nanostructures below the 10 nm range eventually will require an atomic scale understanding of the entire fabrication process ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for the detection of faint astrophysical signatures, as well as for quantum computing applications and materials characterization. In this paper, procedures are presented for the fabrication and characterization of thin-film superconducting microwave resonators. The fabrication methodology allows for the realization of superconducting transmission-line resonators with features on both sides of an atomically smooth single-crystal silicon dielectric. This work describes the procedure for the installation of resonator devices into a cryogenic microwave testbed and for cool-down below the superconducting transition temperature. The set-up of the cryogenic microwave testbed allows one to do careful measurements of the complex microwave transmission of these resonator devices, enabling the extraction of the properties of the superconducting lines and dielectric substrate (e.g., internal quality factors, loss and kinetic inductance fractions), which are important for device design and performance.

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for detection of light, quantum computing applications and materials characterization. This work presents a detailed procedure for fabrication and characterization of superconducting microwave resonator scattering parameters.

초전도 공진기의 제조 및 특성

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

Simultaneous Multi-surface Anodizations and Stair-like Reverse Biases Detachment of Anodic Aluminum Oxides in Sulfuric and Oxalic Acid Electrolyte

After reporting on the two-step anodization, nanoporous anodic aluminum oxides (AAOs) have been widely utilized in the versatile fields of fundamental sciences and industrial applications owing to their periodic arrangement of nanopores with relatively high aspect ratio. However, the techniques reported so far, which could be only valid for mono-surface anodization, show critical disadvantages, i.e., time-consuming as well as complicated procedures, requiring toxic chemicals, and wasting valuable natural resources. In this paper, we demonstrate a facile, efficient, and environmentally clean method to fabricate nanoporous AAOs in sulfuric and oxalic acid electrolytes, which can overcome the limitations that result from conventional AAO fabricating methods. First, plural AAOs are produced at one time through simultaneous multi-surfaces anodization (SMSA), indicating mass-producibility of the AAOs with comparable qualities. Second, those AAOs can be separated from the aluminum (Al) substrate by applying stair-like reverse biases (SRBs) in the same electrolyte used for the SMSAs, implying simplicity and green technological characteristics. Finally, a unit sequence consisting of the SMSAs sequentially combined with SRBs-based detachment can be applied repeatedly to the same Al substrate, which reinforces the advantages of this strategy and also guarantees the efficient usage of natural resources.

A protocol for fabricating nanoporous anodic aluminum oxides via simultaneous multi-surfaces anodization followed by stair-like reverse biases detachments is presented. It can be applied repeatedly to the same aluminum substrate, exhibiting a facile, high-yield, and environmentally clean strategy.

동시-표면 Anodizations와 황산에 양극 알루미늄 산화물 및 괭이밥에서 채취한 산 성 전해질의 계단 처럼 역방향 바이어스 분리

After reporting on the two-step anodization, nanoporous anodic aluminum oxides (AAOs) have been widely utilized in the versatile fields of fundamental ...

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Metal Surfaces for Anti-Icing Applications

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in industry. The wettability of the produced surface was analyzed by bouncing drop experiments and the topography was analyzed by confocal microscopy. In addition, we show various methodologies to measure its durability and anti-icing properties. Superhydrophobic surfaces hold a special texture that must be preserved to keep their water-repellency. To fabricate durable surfaces, we followed two strategies to incorporate a resistant texture. The first strategy is a direct incorporation of roughness to the metal substrate by acid etching. After this surface texturization, the surface energy was decreased by silanization or fluoropolymer deposition. The second strategy is the growth of a ceria layer (after surface texturization) that should enhance the surface hardness and corrosion resistance. The surface energy was decreased with a stearic acid film.
The durability of the superhydrophobic surfaces was examined by a particle impact test, mechanical wear by lateral abrasion, and UV-ozone resistance. The anti-icing properties were explored by studying the ability to repeal subcooled water, freezing delay, and ice adhesion.

We illustrate several methodologies to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces and to explore their durability and anti-icing properties.

반 장식 응용 프로그램 Superhydrophobic 금속 표면의 제조

Several ways to produce superhydrophobic metal surfaces are presented in this work. Aluminum was chosen as the metal substrate due to its wide use in ...

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Here, we present a procedure for the synthesis of bulk and thin film multicomponent (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O (Co variant) and (Mg0.25(1-x)Co0.25(1-x)Ni0.25(1-x)CuxZn0.25(1-x))O (Cu variant) entropy-stabilized oxides. Phase pure and chemically homogeneous (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O (x = 0.20, 0.27, 0.33) and (Mg0.25(1-x)Co0.25(1-x)Ni0.25(1-x)CuxZn0.25(1-x))O (x = 0.11, 0.27) ceramic pellets are synthesized and used in the deposition of ultra-high quality, phase pure, single crystalline thin films of the target stoichiometry. A detailed methodology for the deposition of smooth, chemically homogeneous, entropy-stabilized oxide thin films by pulsed laser deposition on (001)-oriented MgO substrates is described. The phase and crystallinity of bulk and thin film materials are confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Composition and chemical homogeneity are confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface topography of thin films is measured with scanning probe microscopy. The synthesis of high quality, single crystalline, entropy-stabilized oxide thin films enables the study of interface, size, strain, and disorder effects on the properties in this new class of highly disordered oxide materials.

The synthesis of high quality bulk and thin film (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O and (Mg0.25(1-x)Co0.25(1-x)Ni0.25(1-x)CuxZn0.25(1-x))O entropy-stabilized oxides is presented.

Here, we present a procedure for the synthesis of bulk and thin film multicomponent (Mg0.25(1-x)CoxNi0.25(1-x)Cu0.25(1-x)Zn0.25(1-x))O (Co variant) and ...

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending deformation and low input. However, their monotonous bending motion form in two-dimensional (2-D) space keeps them away from wide applications. This paper presents a detailed fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers, to explore their motions in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The design of oblique chambers enables actuators with tunable coupled bending and twisting capabilities, which gives them the possibility to move dexterously in flexible manipulators, to become biologically inspired robots and medical devices. The fabrication process is based on the molding method, including the silicone elastomer preparation, chamber and base parts fabrication, actuator assembly, tubing connections, checks for leaks, and actuator repair. The fabrication method guarantees the rapid manufacturing of a series of actuators with only a few modifications in the molds. The test results show the high quality of the actuators and their prominent bending and twisting capabilities. Experiments of the gripper demonstrate the advantages of the development in adapting to objects with different diameters and providing sufficient friction.

Here we present a fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers. The actuators are capable of generating coupled bending and twisting motions, which broadens their application in soft robotics.