이 작품은 연방 교육부 및 연구 (FKZ 0312138A 및 FKZ 316159), EU 구조 기금 (ESF/IVWM-B34-0030/10와 ESF/IVBM-B35-0010/12), 주 Mecklenburg 서쪽 Pomerania 독일과 DFG (DA1296/2-1)에 의해 지원 되었다는 독일 심장 재단 (F/01/12), BMBF (VIP + 00240) 고 젖은 기초. 또한, F.H. 및 오후는 FORUN 프로그램의로 스톡 대학 의료 센터 (889001)에 의해 지원 됩니다.

저자는 충돌의 관심을 선언합니다.

최근 몇 년 동안, CD133+ SCs 등장 유망한 세포 인구로 SC 기반 요법으로 입증 단계 I, II, 및 III에 대 한 임상 시험43,44,,4546, 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , ...

CD133+ 이종 줄기 재생 의학에 대 한 잠재력 약속 된 조상 세포 인구를 대표 하는 SCs. 그들의 조 혈, 내 피, 및 조직적 분화 잠재적인1,2,3 수는 CD133+ 세포, 예를 들어, 차별화를 통해 neovascularization 프로세스에 기여 하 으로 새로 형성 선박 및 프로-신생 paracrine 메커니즘4,5,,67에 의해 신호의 활성화.
30 개 이상의 승인 된 임상 시험 (ClinicalTrails.gov)에서 그들의 높은 잠재력에도 불구 하 고 그들의 치료 결과 중인 여전히 논쟁 적인 토론4. 실제로, SCs의 임상 응용 프로그램 낮은 보존 관심과 대규모 초기 세포 죽음5,,89의 기관에 의해 방해 된다. 추가 CD133의 엔지니어링+ SCs 사전 이식 이러한 난제를 극복 도움이 될.
효율적인 세포 치료에 대 한 전제 조건 치료 관련 셀10engraftment를 향상 시키기 위해 대규모 초기 세포 죽음의 감소 될 것 이다. 현재 연구 시연 첫 1-2 h, 이식된 세포 유형의 독립적인 동안 매우 끼얹는다 뇌와 심장 등 장기에 90-99%의 엄청난 셀 손실 또는 응용 프로그램 경로11,12,13 14,15,16,17,18,19,,2021. 관심22,23,,2425,26의 사이트에 대상 셀에 혁신적인 비-침략 적 전략을 가능 하 게 SC 마그네틱 나노 (MNPs)를 사용 하 여 라벨 고 동시에 셀 MRI27 (MPI) 이미징 자성 입자를 사용 하 여 모니터링 하는 것을 허용 한다. 가장 효율적인 vivo에서 정 맥 주입23,,2428 후 셀 지도 보다 로컬 관리 후 사용한 셀 보존 대상 적용 자성된 셀 연구 . 따라서, 우리의 그룹 superparamagnetic 산화 철 나노 입자29의 구성 된 배달 시스템을 설계. 이 기술로, CD133+ SCs와 인간 탯 줄 정 맥 내 피 세포 (HUVECs)는 대상 효율적으로 수, 여 체 외에 시도30,31.
사우스 캐롤라이나 요법에 대 한 또 다른 장애물 초기 세포 죽음32에 기여 하는 이식 후 영향을 받는 조직의 적대적인 염증 성 환경입니다. 여러 사전 컨디셔닝 연구 뿐만 아니라 치료 관련 미르의 응용 프로그램은 테스트33; 그것은 성공적으로 입증 되었습니다 안티 apoptotic 미르 생체 외에서 apoptosis를 억제 고 vivo에서세포 engraftment33을 강화. 이 작은 분자, 20-25의 뉴클레오티드로 구성 메신저 RNAs (mRNAs)의 posttranscriptional 변조기로 서 중요 한 역할을 하 고 따라서 줄기 세포 운명과 행동34를 영향을. 또한, 미르 세 도입 호스트 게놈34에 원치 않는 안정적인 통합을 하지 마십시오.
기본 SCs에 핵 산 (NAs)의 효율적인 도입에 대 한 현재 시도 주로 재조합 바이러스8,35기반으로 합니다. 높은 transfection 효율에도 불구 하 고 재조합 바이러스 조작은 벤치를 머리 맡 번역, 예를 들면, 통제 유전자 발현, pathogenicity, immunogenicity, 및 insertional mutagenesis35에 대 한 주요 장애물이 선물 ,36. 따라서, 폴리머 기반 구조 등 비 바이러스 성 전달 시스템 개발에 중요 하다. 그 중에서 polyethylenimine (페이) 저하, 세포질 통풍 관에서에서 보호 하기 위해 나 결로 등 미르에 대 한 혜택을 제공 하는 유효한 배달 차량 나타내고 endosomal 통해 세포내 릴리스 탈출37,38. 또한, 미르-페이 단지 임상 시험39높은 생체 적합성을 설명 했다. 따라서, 우리의 배달 시스템은 biotinylated의 구성 분기 25 kDa 페이는 streptavidin 입히는 MNP 코어30,,3140에 바인딩된.
이 원고에서는 CD133의 (i)는 수동 격리를 설명 하는 포괄적인 프로토콜 소개+ 사우스 캐롤라이나 사우스 캐롤라이나 제품과의 효율적이 고 부드러운 transfection 전략 (ii)의 상세한 묘사와 인간의 골 수 (BM) 기부에서 한 자석으로 비 바이러스 성 고분자 기반 배달 시스템 CD133의 유전 공학에 대 한+ SCs 미르를 사용 하 여. CD133+ SCs 격리 되며 표면 항 체 기반 자기 활성화 셀 정렬 (맥) 시스템을 사용 하 여 인간의 sternal BM aspirates에서 자석으로 농축. 이후에, 세포 생존 능력 뿐만 아니라 셀 순도 cytometry 사용 하 여 분석 된다. 그 후, 미르/PEI/MNP 단지 준비가 CD133+ SCs는 페. transfection 후 18 h, 통풍 관 효율성과 transfection SC 마커 표현과 세포 생존 능력에의 영향 분석 된다. 또한, transfection 복잡 한 화합물의 세포내 분포의 평가 4 색 레이블 및 구조화 조명 현미경 (SIM)를 사용 하 여 수행 됩니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>7-AAD</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>559925</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetic Acid with Methylene Blue</td><td>Stemcell Technologies</td><td>7060</td><td>3%</td></tr><tr><td>anti-CD133/2-PE (clone: 293C3)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-090-853</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-CD34-FITC (clone: AC136)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-081-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>anti-CD45-APC-H7 (clone: 2D1)</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>560178</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>rhodamine dye; Atto 565 dye conjugated to biotin</td><td>ATTO-TEC GmbH</td><td>AD 565-71</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD FACS LSRII flow cytometer</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BD FACSDiva Software 6.1.2</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich GmbH</td><td>A7906</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD133 antibody-linked superparamagnetic iron dextran particles; CD133 MicroBead Kit</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-097-049</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>collagenase B</td><td>Roche Diagnostics GmbH</td><td>11088831001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>counting chamber</td><td>Paul Marienfeld GmbH &amp;amp; Co. KG</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cyanine 3 dye labelled precursor miR; Cy3 Dye-Labeled Pre-miR Negative Control #1</td><td>Ambion</td><td>AM17120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cyanine 5 dye miR labelling kit; Cy5 dye Label IT miRNA Labeling Kit</td><td>Mirus Bio</td><td>MIR 9650</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DNAse I</td><td>Roche Diagnostics GmbH</td><td>10104159001</td><td>(100 U/mL)</td></tr><tr><td>ELYRA PS.1 LSM 780 confocal microscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FcR Blocking Reagent, human</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-059-901</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>bright green protein labeling kit; Oregon Green 488 Protein Labeling Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>O10241</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>aqueous mounting medium; Fluoroshield</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich GmbH</td><td>F6182</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>density gradient centrifugation tube; Leukosep Centrifuge Tube</td><td>Greiner Bio-One</td><td>89048-932</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS magnet holder; MACS MultiStand</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-042-303</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS pre-separation filter</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-041-407</td><td>30 &amp;micro;m</td></tr><tr><td>MACS separation column (MS / LS)</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-042-201 / 130-042-401</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS permanent magnet; MACS Separator</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-042-302</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Millex-HV PVDF Filter</td><td>Merck</td><td>SLHV013SL</td><td>0.45 &amp;mu;m</td></tr><tr><td>mouse IgG 2b-PE</td><td>Miltenyi Biotec GmbH</td><td>130-092-215</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>amine reactive dye; Near-IR LIVE/DEAD Fixable Dead Cell Stain Kit</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>L10119</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>human lymphocyte separating medium; Pancoll</td><td>Pan Biotech GmbH</td><td>P04-60500</td><td>density: 1.077 g/mL</td></tr><tr><td>PBS</td><td>Pan Biotech GmbH</td><td>P04-53500</td><td>without Ca and Mg</td></tr><tr><td>PEI</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich GmbH</td><td>408727</td><td>branched; 25 kDa</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>15140122</td><td>100 U/mL, 100 &amp;mu;g/mL</td></tr><tr><td>PFA</td><td>Merck Schuchardt OHG</td><td>1040051000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>unlabelled precursor miR; Pre-miR miRNA Precursor Negative Control #1</td><td>Ambion</td><td>AM17110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RBC lysis buffer</td><td>eBioscience</td><td>00-4333-57</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RNAse decontamination solution; RNaseZap</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>AM9780</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>human lymphocyte medium; Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium</td><td>Pan Biotech GmbH</td><td>P04-16500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>recombinant human cytokine supplement; StemSpan CC100</td><td>Stemcell Technologies</td><td>2690</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>serum-free haematopoietic cell expansion medium; StemSpan H3000</td><td>Stemcell Technologies</td><td>9800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Streptavidin MagneSphere Paramagnetic Particles</td><td>Promega Corporation</td><td>Z5481</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Trypan Blue solution</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich GmbH</td><td>T8154</td><td>0.4 %</td></tr><tr><td>UltraPure EDTA</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td>15575020</td><td>0.5 M; pH 8.0</td></tr><tr><td>ZEN2011 software</td><td>Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NanoDrop 1000 Spectrophotometer</td><td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sonorex RK 100 SH sonicating water bath</td><td>Bandelin electronic</td><td></td><td>Ultrasonic nominal output: 80 W; Ultrasonic frequency: 35 kHz</td></tr></tbody></table>

protocol for microrna transfer into adult bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells to enable cell engineering combined with magnetic targeting

동안 CD133+ 조 혈 줄기 세포 (SCs) 재생 의학 분야에서 높은 잠재력을 제공 하기 위해 입증 되었습니다, 그들의 낮은 유지 비율 관찰된 대규모 세포 사망률 부상된 조직에 주입 후 매우 제한 된 치료 효과입니다. 이러한 한계를 극복 하기 위해 우리가 그들의 관리에 앞서 적당 한 셀 엔지니어링에 대 한 비 바이러스 성 기반된 프로토콜을 확립 하고자 했다. 인간의 CD133 수정+ 셀의 대상 잠재력 뿐만 아니라 통풍 관 효율 및 안전에 관하여 해결 SCs 예측에 관한 (미르) 로드 자석 polyplexes를 사용 하 여 표현. 우리의 프로토콜에 의존, 우리는 CD133 동안 80-90%의 높은 미르 통풍 관 비율을 달성할 수 있는+ 줄기 세포 속성을 받지 않습니다. 또한,이 수정 된 세포는 자기 대상의 옵션을 제공합니다. 우리 여기 CD133의 수정에 대 한 안전 하 고 매우 효율적인 절차 설명+ SCs. 우리는 줄기 세포 치료 효과의 최적화에 대 한 자기 공명 영상 (MRI)을 통해 관리 셀 제품의 모니터링을 위한 표준 기술 제공이 접근을 기대 합니다.

수동 격리와 인간의 BM 파생 CD133의 자석 농축 제시 프로토콜 설명+ SCs 후속 바이러스 독립 셀에 체 외에서 세포 조작 및 에 대 한 비-침략 적 기술 전략, 엔지니어링 vivo 모니터링 도구.
이 3 단계 절연 기술 조밀도 기온 변화도 원심 분리를 통해 미리 소화 sternal BM에서 MNCs의 분리를 허용합니다. 이후에, CD133<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for MicroRNA Transfer into Adult Bone Marrow-derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Enable Cell Engineering Combined with Magnetic Targeting at JoVE.com

Protocol for MicroRNA Transfer into Adult Bone Marrow-derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Enable Cell Engineering Combined with Magnetic Targeting

이 프로토콜에서는 안전 하 고 효율적인 절차 CD133 수정+ 조 혈 줄기 세포. 제시 비 바이러스 성, 자기 polyplex 기반 접근 자기 공명 화상 진 찰을 통해 관리 셀 제품 모니터링에 관해서는 뿐만 아니라 치료 줄기 세포 효과의 최적화를 위한 기반을 제공할 수 있습니다.

성인 골 수 유래 조 혈 줄기 세포로 세포 공학 자기 대상으로 함께 있도록 예측에 관한 전송을 위한 프로토콜

While CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells (SCs) have been proven to provide high potential in the field of regenerative medicine, their low retention rates ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

6.5K 조회수.  Rostock University Medical Center. 이 프로토콜에서는 안전 하 고 효율적인 절차 CD133 수정+ 조 혈 줄기 세포. 제시 비 바이러스 성, 자기 polyplex 기반 접근 자기 공명 화상 진 찰을 통해 관리 셀 제품 모니터링에 관해서는 뿐만 아니라 치료 줄기 세포 효과의 최적화를 위한 기반을 제공할 수 있습니다.

비디오: Protocol for MicroRNA Transfer into Adult Bone Marrow-derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Enable Cell Engineering Combined with Magnetic Targeting

Isolation, Characterization and MicroRNA-based Genetic Modification of Human Dental Follicle Stem Cells

To date, several stem cell types at different developmental stages are in the focus for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Yet, certain aspects, such as initial massive cell death and low therapeutic effects, impaired their broad clinical translation. Genetic engineering of stem cells prior to transplantation emerged as a promising method to optimize therapeutic stem cell effects. However, safe and efficient gene delivery systems are still lacking. Therefore, the development of suitable methods may provide an approach to resolve current challenges in stem cell-based therapies.
The present protocol describes the extraction and characterization of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) as well as their non-viral genetic modification. The postnatal dental follicle unveiled as a promising and easily accessible source for harvesting adult multipotent stem cells possessing high proliferation potential. The described isolation procedure presents a simple and reliable method to harvest hDFSCs from impacted wisdom teeth. Also this protocol comprises methods to define stem cell characteristics of isolated cells. For genetic engineering of hDFSCs, an optimized cationic lipid-based transfection strategy is presented enabling highly efficient microRNA introduction without causing cytotoxic effects. MicroRNAs are suitable candidates for transient cell manipulation, as these small translational regulators control the fate and behavior of stem cells without the hazard of stable genome integration. Thus, this protocol represents a safe and efficient procedure for engineering of hDFSCs that may become important for optimizing their therapeutic efficacy.

This protocol describes the transient genetic engineering of dental stem cells extracted from the human dental follicle. The applied non-viral modification strategy may become a basis for the improvement of therapeutic stem cell products.

절연, 특성화 및 예측에 관한 기반 유전자 조작 인간 치과 여 포 줄기 세포의

To date, several stem cell types at different developmental stages are in the focus for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Yet, certain aspects, such ...

연구

유전학

Cell Labeling and Targeting with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Targeted delivery of cells and therapeutic agents would benefit a wide range of biomedical applications by concentrating the therapeutic effect at the target site while minimizing deleterious effects to off-target sites. Magnetic cell targeting is an efficient, safe, and straightforward delivery technique. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are biodegradable, biocompatible, and can be endocytosed into cells to render them responsive to magnetic fields. The synthesis process involves creating magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles followed by high-speed emulsification to form a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coating. The PLGA-magnetite SPIONs are approximately 120 nm in diameter including the approximately 10 nm diameter magnetite core. When placed in culture medium, SPIONs are naturally endocytosed by cells and stored as small clusters within cytoplasmic endosomes. These particles impart sufficient magnetic mass to the cells to allow for targeting within magnetic fields. Numerous cell sorting and targeting applications are enabled by rendering various cell types responsive to magnetic fields. SPIONs have a variety of other biomedical applications as well including use as a medical imaging contrast agent, targeted drug or gene delivery, diagnostic assays, and generation of local hyperthermia for tumor therapy or tissue soldering.

Targeted cell delivery is useful in a variety of biomedical applications. The goal of this protocol is to use superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) to label cells and thereby enable magnetic cell targeting approaches for a high degree of control over cell delivery and localization.

셀 라벨 및 초상 자성 산화철 나노 입자로 타겟팅

Targeted delivery of cells and therapeutic agents would benefit a wide range of biomedical applications by concentrating the therapeutic effect at the ...

생체공학

3D Magnetic Stem Cell Aggregation and Bioreactor Maturation for Cartilage Regeneration

Cartilage engineering remains a challenge due to the difficulties in creating an in vitro functional implant similar to the native tissue. An approach recently explored for the development of autologous replacements involves the differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes. To initiate this chondrogenesis, a degree of compaction of the stem cells is required; hence, we demonstrated the feasibility of magnetically condensing cells, both within thick scaffolds and scaffold-free, using miniaturized magnetic field sources as cell attractors. This magnetic approach was also used to guide aggregate fusion and to build scaffold-free, organized, three-dimensional (3D) tissues several millimeters in size. In addition to having an enhanced size, the tissue formed by magnetic-driven fusion presented a significant increase in the expression of collagen II, and a similar trend was observed for aggrecan expression. As the native cartilage was subjected to forces that influenced its 3D structure, dynamic maturation was also performed. A bioreactor that provides mechanical stimuli was used to culture the magnetically seeded scaffolds over a 21-day period. Bioreactor maturation largely improved chondrogenesis into the cellularized scaffolds; the extracellular matrix obtained under these conditions was rich in collagen II and aggrecan. This work outlines the innovative potential of magnetic condensation of labeled stem cells and dynamic maturation in a bioreactor for improved chondrogenic differentiation, both scaffold-free and within polysaccharide scaffolds.

Chondrogenesis from stem cells requires fine tuning the culture conditions. Here, we present a magnetic approach for condensing cells, an essential step to initiate chondrogenesis. In addition, we show that dynamic maturation in a bioreactor applies mechanical stimulation to the cellular constructs and enhances cartilaginous extracellular matrix production.

연골 재생을위한 3D 자기 줄기 세포 집계 및 생물 반응기 성숙

Cartilage engineering remains a challenge due to the difficulties in creating an in vitro functional implant similar to the native tissue. An approach ...

Identification and Isolation of Oligopotent and Lineage-committed Myeloid Progenitors from Mouse Bone Marrow

Myeloid progenitors that yield neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) can be identified in and isolated from the bone marrow of mice for hematological and immunological analyses. For example, studies of the cellular and molecular properties of myeloid progenitor populations can reveal mechanisms underlying leukemic transformation, or demonstrate how the immune system responds to pathogen exposure. Previously described flow cytometry strategies for myeloid progenitor identification have enabled significant advances in many fields, but the fractions they identify are very heterogeneous. The most commonly used gating strategies define bone marrow fractions that are enriched for the desired populations, but also contain large numbers of &#34;contaminating&#34; progenitors. Our recent studies have resolved much of this heterogeneity, and the protocol we present here permits the isolation of 6 subpopulations of oligopotent and lineage-committed myeloid progenitors from 2 previously described bone marrow fractions. The protocol describes 3 stages: 1) isolation of bone marrow cells, 2) enrichment for hematopoietic progenitors by magnetic-activated cell sorting (lineage depletion by MACS), and 3) identification of myeloid progenitor subsets by flow cytometry (including fluorescence-activated cell sorting, FACS, if desired). This approach permits progenitor quantification and isolation for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications, and has already yielded novel insight into pathways and mechanisms of neutrophil, monocyte, and DC differentiation.

We demonstrate how to identify and isolate 6 subsets of myeloid progenitors from murine bone marrow using a combination of magnetic and fluorescence sorting (MACS and FACS). This protocol can be used for in vitro culture assays (methylcellulose or liquid cultures), in vivo adoptive transfer experiments, and RNA/protein analyses.

식별 및 Oligopotent 및 계보 커밋된 골수성 창시자 마우스 골 수에서 격리

Myeloid progenitors that yield neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) can be identified in and isolated from the bone marrow of mice for ...

면역학 및 감염병학

Phenotypic Analysis and Isolation of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-committed Progenitors

The bone marrow is the principal site where HSCs and more mature blood cells lineage progenitors reside and differentiate in an adult organism. HSCs constitute a minute cell population of pluripotent cells capable of generating all blood cell lineages for a life-time1. The molecular dissection of HSCs homeostasis in the bone marrow has important implications in hematopoiesis, oncology and regenerative medicine. We describe the labeling protocol with fluorescent antibodies and the electronic gating procedure in flow cytometry to score hematopoietic progenitor subsets and HSCs distribution in individual mice (Fig. 1). In addition, we describe a method to extensively enrich hematopoietic progenitors as well as long-term (LT) and short term (ST) reconstituting HSCs from pooled bone marrow cell suspensions by magnetic enrichment of cells expressing c-Kit. The resulting cell preparation can be used to sort selected subsets for in vitro and in vivo functional studies (Fig. 2).
Both trabecular osteoblasts2,3 and sinusoidal endothelium4 constitute functional niches supporting HSCs in the bone marrow. Several mechanisms in the osteoblastic niche, including a subset of N-cadherin+ osteoblasts3 and interaction of the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 expressed in HSCs with its ligand angiopoietin-15 concur in determining HSCs quiescence. "Hibernation" in the bone marrow is crucial to protect HSCs from replication and eventual exhaustion upon excessive cycling activity6. Exogenous stimuli acting on cells of the innate immune system such as Toll-like receptor ligands7 and interferon-&alpha;6 can also induce proliferation and differentiation of HSCs into lineage committed progenitors. Recently, a population of dormant mouse HSCs within the lin- c-Kit+ Sca-1+ CD150+ CD48- CD34- population has been described8. Sorting of cells based on CD34 expression from the hematopoietic progenitors-enriched cell suspension as described here allows the isolation of both quiescent self-renewing LT-HSCs and ST-HSCs9. A similar procedure based on depletion of lineage positive cells and sorting of LT-HSC with CD48 and Flk2 antibodies has been previously described10. In the present report we provide a protocol for the phenotypic characterization and ex vivo cell cycle analysis of hematopoietic progenitors, which can be useful for monitoring hematopoiesis in different physiological and pathological conditions. Moreover, we describe a FACS sorting procedure for HSCs, which can be used to define factors and mechanisms regulating their self-renewal, expansion and differentiation in cell biology and signal transduction assays as well as for transplantation.

A method to analyse the distribution of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors in flow cytometry as well as to efficiently isolate highly purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is described. The isolation procedure is essentially based on magnetic enrichment of c-Kit+ cells and cell sorting to purify HSCs for cellular and molecular studies.

Murine 조혈 줄기 세포와 리니지 - 헌신 Progenitors의 Phenotypic 분석 및 절연

The bone marrow is the principal site where HSCs and more mature blood cells lineage progenitors reside and differentiate in an adult organism. HSCs ...

생물학

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Magnetized miR-modified Endothelial Cells

To date, the available surgical and pharmacological treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are limited and often palliative. At the same time, gene and cell therapies are highly promising alternative approaches for CVD treatment. However, the broad clinical application of gene therapy is greatly limited by the lack of suitable gene delivery systems. The development of appropriate gene delivery vectors can provide a solution to current challenges in cell therapy. In particular, existing drawbacks, such as limited efficiency and low cell retention in the injured organ, could be overcome by appropriate cell engineering (i.e., genetic) prior to transplantation. The presented protocol describes the efficient and safe transient modification of endothelial cells using a polyethyleneimine superparamagnetic magnetic nanoparticle (PEI/MNP)-based delivery vector. Also, the algorithm and methods for cell characterization are defined. The successful intracellular delivery of microRNA (miR) into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) has been achieved without affecting cell viability, functionality, or intercellular communication. Moreover, this approach was proven to cause a strong functional effect in introduced exogenous miR. Importantly, the application of this MNP-based vector ensures cell magnetization, with accompanying possibilities of magnetic targeting and non-invasive MRI tracing. This may provide a basis for magnetically guided, genetically engineered cell therapeutics that can be monitored non-invasively with MRI.

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Magnetized miR-modified Endothelial Cells

This manuscript describes the efficient, non-viral delivery of miR to endothelial cells by a PEI/MNP vector and their magnetization. Thus, in addition to genetic modification, this approach allows for magnetic cell guidance and MRI detectability. The technique can be used to improve the characteristics of therapeutic cell products.

준비 및<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 자화 특성의 내피 세포를 미르 변성

To date, the available surgical and pharmacological treatments for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are limited and often palliative. At the same time, gene ...

의학

Lentiviral CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing for the Study of Hematopoietic Cells in Disease Models

Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting from advances in genome editing technology and lentivirus-mediated transgene delivery systems, an efficient and economical method is described here that establishes mice in which genes are manipulated specifically in hematopoietic stem cells. Lentiviruses are used to transduce Cas9-expressing lineage-negative bone marrow cells with a guide RNA (gRNA) targeting specific genes and a red fluorescence reporter gene (RFP), then these cells are transplanted into lethally-irradiated C57BL/6 mice. Mice transplanted with lentivirus expressing non-targeting gRNA are used as controls. Engraftment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells are evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of RFP-positive leukocytes of peripheral blood. Using this method, ~90% transduction of myeloid cells and ~70% of lymphoid cells at 4 weeks after transplantation can be achieved. Genomic DNA is isolated from RFP-positive blood cells, and portions of the targeted site DNA are amplified by PCR to validate the genome editing. This protocol provides a high-throughput evaluation of hematopoiesis-regulatory genes and can be extended to a variety of mouse disease models with hematopoietic cell involvement.

Described are protocols for the highly efficient genome editing of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) by the CRISPR/Cas9 system to rapidly develop mouse model systems with hematopoietic system-specific gene modifications.

질병 모델에서 조혈 세포의 연구를 위한 렌티바이러스 CRISPR/Cas9 매개 게놈 편집

Manipulating genes in hematopoietic stem cells using conventional transgenesis approaches can be time-consuming, expensive, and challenging. Benefiting ...

Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Mutations in driver genes, that confer cellular fitness, can lead to the development of expanding HSPC clones that increasingly give rise to progeny leukocytes harboring the somatic mutation. Because clonal hematopoiesis has been associated with heart disease, stroke, and mortality, the development of experimental systems that model these processes is key to understanding the mechanisms that underly this new risk factor. Bone marrow transplantation procedures involving myeloablative conditioning in mice, such as total-body irradiation (TBI), are commonly employed to study the role of immune cells in cardiovascular diseases. However, simultaneous damage to the bone marrow niche and other sites of interest, such as the heart and brain, is unavoidable with these procedures. Thus, our lab has developed two alternative methods to minimize or avoid possible side effects caused by TBI: 1) bone marrow transplantation with irradiation shielding and 2) adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice. In shielded organs, the local environment is preserved allowing for the analysis of clonal hematopoiesis while the function of resident immune cells is unperturbed. In contrast, the adoptive BMT to non-conditioned mice has the additional advantage that both the local environments of the organs and the hematopoietic niche are preserved. Here, we compare three different hematopoietic cell reconstitution approaches and discuss their strengths and limitations for studies of clonal hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease.

We describe three methods of bone marrow transplantation (BMT): BMT with total-body irradiation, BMT with shielded irradiation, and BMT method with no pre-conditioning (adoptive BMT) for the study of clonal hematopoiesis in mouse models.

Clonal hematopoiesis is a prevalent age-associated condition that results from the accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

성인 마우스 두개골 골수에서 조혈 줄기 및 전구 세포의 생체 내 4 차원 추적에서

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>살아있는 쥐의 골수 연구를 위한 대퇴 내 주사

Simplified Intrafemoral Injections Using Live Mice Allow for Continuous Bone Marrow Analysis

Despite the complexity of hematopoietic cell transplantation in humans, researchers commonly perform intravenous or intrafemoral (IF) injections in mice. In murine models, this technique has been adapted to enhance the seeding efficiency of transplanted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This paper describes a detailed step-by-step technical procedure of IF injection and the following bone marrow (BM) aspiration in mice that allows for serial characterization of cells present in the BM. This method enables the transplantation of valuable samples with low cell numbers that are particularly difficult to engraft by intravenous injection. This procedure facilitates the creation of xenografts that are critical for pathological analysis. While it is easier to access peripheral blood (PB), the cellular composition of PB does not reflect the BM, which is the niche for HSPCs. Therefore, procedures providing access to the BM compartment are essential for studying hematopoiesis. IF injection and serial BM aspiration, as described here, allow for the prospective retrieval and characterization of cells enriched in the BM, such as HSPCs, without sacrificing the mice.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>살아있는 마우스를 사용한 간소화된 대퇴강 주사로 지속적인 골수 분석 가능

This protocol describes the intrafemoral injection of a few hematopoietic or leukemic stem cells, including gene-edited cells, in murine xenograft models, which will not only enable the quick and safe transplantation of cells but also serial analyses of the bone marrow.

살아있는 마우스를 사용한 간소화된 대퇴강 주사로 지속적인 골수 분석 가능

Despite the complexity of hematopoietic cell transplantation in humans, researchers commonly perform intravenous or intrafemoral (IF) injections in mice. ...