Name: optimization of processing technology for tiebangchui with zanba based on critic combined with box-behnken response surface method
Uploaded: 2023-05-12T13:20:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 16 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimization of Processing Technology for Tiebangchui with Zanba Based on CRITIC Combined with Box-Behnken Response Surface Method at JoVE.com

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82130113), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021MD703800), the Science Foundation for Youths of Science &#38; Technology Department of Sichuan Province (No. 2022NSFSC1449), and the &#34;Xinglin Scholars&#34; Research Promotion Program of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. BSH2021009).

A Method for Zanba-Stir-Fried Tiebangchui Process Optimization

<ol>
	<li>Li, C. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aconitum+pendulum+and+Aconitum+flavum:+A+narrative+review+on+traditional+uses,+phytochemistry,+bioactivities+and+processing+methods.">Aconitum pendulum and Aconitum flavum: A narrative review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, bioactivities and processing methods.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 292, 115216 (2022).</li><li>Wang, J., Meng, X. H., Chai, T., Yang, J. L., Shi, Y. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diterpenoid+alkaloids+and+one+lignan+from+the+roots+of+Aconitum+pendulum+Busch.">Diterpenoid alkaloids and one lignan from the roots of Aconitum pendulum Busch.</a> Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 9 (6), 419-423 (2019).</li><li>Yu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traditional+Tibetan+medicine:+therapeutic+potential+in+rheumatoid+arthritis.">Traditional Tibetan medicine: therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis.</a> Frontiers In Pharmacology. 13, 938915 (2022).</li><li>Zhao, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One+case+of+ventricular+arrhythmia+caused+by+poisoning+of+traditional+Chinese+medicine+Aconitum+pendulum+Busch.">One case of ventricular arrhythmia caused by poisoning of traditional Chinese medicine Aconitum pendulum Busch.</a> Journal of People's Military Medical. 61 (4), 346-348 (2018).</li><li>Qinghai Medical Products Administration. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Processing+specification+of+Tibetan+medicine+of+Qinghai+province.">Processing specification of Tibetan medicine of Qinghai province.</a> Qinghai Nationalities Publishing House. , 96-97 (2010).</li><li>Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+three+objective+weighting+methods+to+optimize+the+extraction+process+of+Jianwei+Chupi+granules.">Comparison of three objective weighting methods to optimize the extraction process of Jianwei Chupi granules.</a> Journal of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. 38 (6), 91-97 (2022).</li><li>Feng, Z. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Processing+methods+and+the+underlying+detoxification+mechanisms+for+toxic+medicinal+materials+used+by+ethnic+minorities+in+China:+A+review.">Processing methods and the underlying detoxification mechanisms for toxic medicinal materials used by ethnic minorities in China: A review.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 305, 116126 (2023).</li><li>Hsu, Y. T., Su, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+Box-Behnken+design+to+investigate+the+effect+of+process+parameters+on+the+microparticle+production+of+ethenzamide+through+the+rapid+expansion+of+the+supercritical+solutions+process.">Application of Box-Behnken design to investigate the effect of process parameters on the microparticle production of ethenzamide through the rapid expansion of the supercritical solutions process.</a> Pharmaceutics. 12 (1), 42 (2020).</li><li>Cheng, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+the+baked+drying+technology+of+Cinnamomi+Ramulus+based+on+CRITIC+combined+with+box-behnken+response+surface+method.">Optimization of the baked drying technology of Cinnamomi Ramulus based on CRITIC combined with box-behnken response surface method.</a> Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2022 (8), 1838-1842 (2022).</li><li>Huang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+microwave+processing+technology+for+carbonized+Gardenia+jasminoides+by+Box-Behnken+response+surface+methodology+based+on+CRITIC+weighted+evaluation.">Optimization of microwave processing technology for carbonized Gardenia jasminoides by Box-Behnken response surface methodology based on CRITIC weighted evaluation.</a> Chinese Herbal Medicines. 48 (6), 1133-1138 (2017).</li><li>Elling, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+and+maintenance+of+mouse+haploid+embryonic+stem+cells.">Derivation and maintenance of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells.</a> Nature Protocols. 14 (7), 1991-2014 (2019).</li><li>Gu, J., Wang, Y. P., Ma, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+determinnation+of+three+diester+diterpenoid+alkaloids+in+the+toots+of+Aconiti+flavi+et+penduli+by+HPLC+method.">Simultaneous determinnation of three diester diterpenoid alkaloids in the toots of Aconiti flavi et penduli by HPLC method.</a> Chinese Pharmaceutical Affairs. 28 (6), 618-621 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Y., Fu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=UPLC+simultaneous+determination+of+six+esteric+alkaloids+components+in+Aconitum+Flaram+Hand.Mazz.">UPLC simultaneous determination of six esteric alkaloids components in Aconitum Flaram Hand.Mazz.</a> Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine. 16 (5), 62-65 (2020).</li><li>Rumachik, N. G., Malaker, S. A., Paulk, N. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VectorMOD:+Method+for+bottom-up+proteomic+characterization+of+rAAV+capsid+post-translational+modifications+and+vector+impurities.">VectorMOD: Method for bottom-up proteomic characterization of rAAV capsid post-translational modifications and vector impurities.</a> Frontiers In Immunology. 12, 657795 (2021).</li><li>Wang, Y. J., Tao, P., Wang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Attenuated+structural+transformation+of+aconitine+during+sand+frying+process+and+antiarrhythmic+effect+of+its+converted+products.">Attenuated structural transformation of aconitine during sand frying process and antiarrhythmic effect of its converted products.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021, 7243052 (2021).</li><li>Wang, H. P., Zhang, Y. B., Yang, X. W., Zhao, D. Q., Wang, Y. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+characterization+of+ginsenosides+in+the+roots+and+rhizomes+of+Panax+ginseng+by+UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS+and+simultaneous+determination+of+19+ginsenosides+by+HPLC-ESI-MS.">Rapid characterization of ginsenosides in the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS and simultaneous determination of 19 ginsenosides by HPLC-ESI-MS.</a> Journal of Ginseng Research. 40 (4), 382-394 (2016).</li><li>vander Leeuw, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pain+and+cognitive+function+among+older+adults+living+in+the+community.">Pain and cognitive function among older adults living in the community.</a> Journals of Gerontology Series A. Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 71 (3), 398-405 (2016).</li><li>Lao, D., Liu, R., Liang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+plasma+metabolomics+for+HIV/AIDS+patients+treated+by+HAART+based+on+LC/MS-MS.">Study on plasma metabolomics for HIV/AIDS patients treated by HAART based on LC/MS-MS.</a> Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13, 885386 (2022).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+effectiveness+of+VOC-contaminated+soil+preparation+based+on+AHP-CRITIC-TOPSIS+model.">Evaluation of the effectiveness of VOC-contaminated soil preparation based on AHP-CRITIC-TOPSIS model.</a> Chemosphere. 271, 129571 (2021).</li><li>Zhong, S., Chen, Y., Miao, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+improved+CRITIC+method+to+evaluate+thermal+coal+suppliers.">Using improved CRITIC method to evaluate thermal coal suppliers.</a> Scientific Reports. 13 (1), 195 (2023).</li><li>Lewis, N. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetically+levitated+mesenchymal+stem+cell+spheroids+cultured+with+a+collagen+gel+maintain+phenotype+and+quiescence.">Magnetically levitated mesenchymal stem cell spheroids cultured with a collagen gel maintain phenotype and quiescence.</a> Journal of Tissue Engineering. 8, (2017).</li><li>Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. 4, (2020).</li><li>Li, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+response+surface+methodology-optimized+ultrasound-assisted+pretreatment+extraction+on+the+composition+of+essential+oil+released+from+tribute+citrus+peels.">Effect of response surface methodology-optimized ultrasound-assisted pretreatment extraction on the composition of essential oil released from tribute citrus peels.</a> Frontiers in Nutrition. 9, 840780 (2022).</li><li>Liu, X. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hezi+inhibits+Tiebangchui-induced+cardiotoxicity+and+preserves+its+anti-rheumatoid+arthritis+effects+by+regulating+the+pharmacokinetics+of+aconitine+and+deoxyaconitine.">Hezi inhibits Tiebangchui-induced cardiotoxicity and preserves its anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects by regulating the pharmacokinetics of aconitine and deoxyaconitine.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 302, 115915 (2023).</li><li>Smolen, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rheumatoid+arthritis.">Rheumatoid arthritis.</a> Nature Reviews.Disease Primers. 4, 18001 (2018).</li><li>Wang, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C19-norditerpenoid+alkaloids+from+Aconitum+szechenyianum+and+their+effects+on+LPS-activated+NO+production.">C19-norditerpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum szechenyianum and their effects on LPS-activated NO production.</a> Molecules. 21 (9), 1175 (2016).</li><li>Wang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+the+alkaloids+in+Tibetan+medicine+Aconitum+pendulum+Busch+by+HPLC-MSn+combined+with+column+chromatography.">Study on the alkaloids in Tibetan medicine Aconitum pendulum Busch by HPLC-MSn combined with column chromatography.</a> Journal of Chromatographic Science. 54 (5), 752-758 (2016).</li><li>Liu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+traditional+and+current+methods+used+to+potentially+reduce+toxicity+of+Aconitum+roots+in+Traditional+Chinese+Medicine.">A review of traditional and current methods used to potentially reduce toxicity of Aconitum roots in Traditional Chinese Medicine.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 207, 237-250 (2017).</li><li>Qiu, Z. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Online+discovery+of+the+molecular+mechanism+for+directionally+detoxification+of+Fuzi+using+real-time+extractive+electrospray+ionization+mass+spectrometry.">Online discovery of the molecular mechanism for directionally detoxification of Fuzi using real-time extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.</a> Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 277, 114216 (2021).</li><li>El-Shazly, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use,+history,+and+liquid+chromatography/mass+spectrometry+chemical+analysis+of+Aconitum.">Use, history, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis of Aconitum.</a> Journal of Food and Drug Analysis. 24 (1), 29-45 (2016).</li><li>Chan, T. Y. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aconitum+alkaloid+poisoning+because+of+contamination+of+herbs+by+aconite+roots.">Aconitum alkaloid poisoning because of contamination of herbs by aconite roots.</a> Phytotherapy Research. 30 (1), 3-8 (2016).</li><li>Guo, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+microbial+dynamics+associated+with+flavours+production+during+highland+barley+wine+fermentation.">Exploring microbial dynamics associated with flavours production during highland barley wine fermentation.</a> Food Research International. 130, 108971 (2020).</li><li>Guo, T. L., Horvath, C., Chen, L., Chen, J., Zheng, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+nutrient+composition+and+nutritional+functions+of+highland+barley+(Qingke):+A+review.">Understanding the nutrient composition and nutritional functions of highland barley (Qingke): A review.</a> Trends in Food Science &amp; Technology. 103, 109-117 (2020).</li><li>Wu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-myocardial+infarction+effects+of+Radix+Aconiti+Lateralis+Preparata+extracts+and+their+influence+on+small+molecules+in+the+heart+using+matrix-assisted+laser+desorption/ionization-mass+spectrometry+imaging.">Anti-myocardial infarction effects of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata extracts and their influence on small molecules in the heart using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (19), 4837 (2019).</li><li>Huang, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+cardiotoxicity+and+mechanism+of+&amp;#34;Fuzi&amp;#34;+extracts+based+on+metabonomics.">Study on cardiotoxicity and mechanism of &amp;#34;Fuzi&amp;#34; extracts based on metabonomics.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (11), 3506 (2018).</li><li>Li, S. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+insight+into+current+advances+on+pharmacology,+pharmacokinetics,+toxicity+and+detoxification+of+aconitine.">An insight into current advances on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and detoxification of aconitine.</a> Biomedicine &amp; Pharmacotherapy. 151, 113115 (2022).</li><li>Xie, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+processing+technology+of+braised+Rehmanniae+Raidx+based+on+multiple+indexes+and+response+surface+technology+and+correlation+between+components+and+color.">Optimization of processing technology of braised Rehmanniae Raidx based on multiple indexes and response surface technology and correlation between components and color.</a> Journal of Chinese Traditional Medicine. 47 (18), 4927-4937 (2022).</li><li>Yang, X. Q., Xu, W., Xiao, C. P., Sun, J., Feng, Y. Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+on+processing+technology+of+Atractylodes+chinensis+with+rice+water+and+its+pharmacodynamics+of+anti-diarrhea.">Study on processing technology of Atractylodes chinensis with rice water and its pharmacodynamics of anti-diarrhea.</a> Chinese Herbal Medicines. 53 (1), 78-86 (2022).</li></ol>

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

TBC is an important Tibetan medicine with the effects of dispelling cold and relieving pain. It has been mostly used to treat traumatic injury and rheumatic arthralgia in China for thousands of years24,25,26. Diterpenoid alkaloids are both active and toxic ingredients of TBC27,28,29. The main toxic effects of the aconitum alkaloids of T...

The dried root of Aconitum pendulum Busch and A. flavum Hand.-Mazz., one of the most famous Tibetan medicines, is called Tiebangchui (TBC) in Chinese1,2. The dried roots of TBC are helpful in dispelling cold and wind, reducing pain, and calming shock. It was recorded in the first volume of "Drug Standards (Tibetan Medicine) of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China," which states that the dried roots of TBC are commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bruises, and other cold diseases3. However, the clinical therapeutic dose of TBC is similar to its toxic dose, and incidents of poisoning or death have been frequently reported due to improper use4. Therefore, reducing the toxicity and preserving the efficacy of TBC has become a research hot spot over the years.
In Tibetan medicine, processing is one of the most effective methods to attenuate the toxicity of TBC. According to "Processing specification of Tibetan medicine of Qinghai Province (2010)", the original herbs (TBC) should be placed in an iron pot and stir-fried with Zanba until the Zanba turns yellow, after which Zanba is removed and the herbs are dried in air5,6. However, no specific process parameters have been documented, which makes controlling the processing technology and the quality of Zanba-stir-fried TBC difficult. The CRITIC method is an objective weight method that can avoid fuzzification and subjectivity, and enhance the objectivity of weighing7. The Box-Behnken response surface method can directly reflect the interaction between each factor through polynomial fitting8. The combination of the Box-Behnken response surface and CRITIC method is commonly used to optimize processing technology to acquire the optimized processing protocol9,10. In this paper, a monoester-diterpenoid alkaloid (MDA) (benzoylaconitine) and two diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) (aconitine, 3-deoxyaconitine) were used as evaluation indexes. CRITIC combined with the Box-Behnken response surface method was applied to optimize the processing technology of Zanba-stir-fried TBC and establish a standard processing method for clinical safe use.

<table><tbody><tr><td>3-Deoxyaconitine</td><td>Chengdu Desite Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</td><td>DST221109-033</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Aconitine</td><td>Chengdu Desite Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</td><td>DSTDW000602</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ammonium acetate</td><td>Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd</td><td>Chromatographic grade</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Benzoylaconitine</td><td>Chengdu Desite Biotechnology Co., Ltd.</td><td>DSTDB005502</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Design-Expert software</td><td>Stat-Ease, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA</td><td>version 13.0</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electronic analytical balance</td><td>Shanghai Liangping Instruments Co., Ltd.</td><td>FA1004</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High performance liquid chromatography</td><td>SHIMADZU Co., Ltd.</td><td>LC-20A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High-speed smashing machine</td><td>Beijing Zhongxing Weiye Instrument Co., Ltd.</td><td>FW-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Millipore filter</td><td>Tianjin Jinteng Experimental Equipment Co., Ltd</td><td>&amp;phi;13 0.22 Nylon66</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>stir-Fry machine</td><td>Changzhou Maisi Machinery Co., Ltd</td><td>Type 5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tiebangchui</td><td>Gannan Baicao Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd</td><td>20211012</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra pure water systemic</td><td>RephiLe Bioscience, Ltd.</td><td>Genie G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultrasonic cleansing machine</td><td>Ningbo Xinyi Ultrasonic Equipment Co., Ltd</td><td>SB2200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zanba</td><td>27 Chuanzang Road, Ganzi County</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

optimization of processing technology for tiebangchui with zanba based on critic combined with box-behnken response surface method

The dried root of Aconitum pendulum Busch., called Tiebangchui (TBC) in Chinese, is one of the most famous Tibetan medicines. It is a widely used herb in northwest China. However, many cases of poisoning have occurred because of TBC's intense toxicity and because its therapeutic and toxic doses are similar. Therefore, finding a safe and effective method to reduce its toxicity is an urgent task. A search through the Tibetan medicine classics shows that the processing method of TBC stir-fried with Zanba was recorded in the "Processing specification of Tibetan medicine of Qinghai Province (2010)". However, the specific processing parameters are not yet clear. Thus, this study aims to optimize and standardize the processing technology of Zanba-stir-fried TBC.
First, a single-factor experiment was conducted on four factors: the slice thickness of TBC, amount of Zanba, processing temperature, and time. With monoester and diester alkaloid contents in Zanba-stir-fried TBC as indexes, CRITIC combined with the Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the processing technology of Zanba-stir-fried TBC. The optimized processing conditions of Zanba-stir-fried TBC were a TBC slice thickness of 2 cm, three times more Zanba than TBC, a processing temperature of 125 &#176;C, and 60 min of stir-frying. This study determined the optimized and standard processing conditions for the usage of Zanba-stir-fried TBC, thus providing an experimental basis for the safe clinical use and industrial production of Zanba-stir-fried TBC.

In this study, the elution gradient used had a good resolution (Figure 1) for the three index components in Zanba-stir-fried TBC, as determined after repeated debugging. The three index components in Zanba-stir-fried TBC had a good linear relationship within a specific concentration range (Table 2). The precision (Table 5), stability (Table 6), repeatability (Table 7), and sample recovery (Table 8) of Zanba-...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimization of Processing Technology for Tiebangchui with Zanba Based on CRITIC Combined with Box-Behnken Response Surface Method at JoVE.com

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Processing Technology for Tiebangchui with Zanba Based on CRITIC Combined with Box-Behnken Response Surface Method  

The present protocol describes an efficient and standard detoxification processing method for Zanba-stir-fried Tiebangchui using CRITIC combined with the Box-Behnken response surface method.

Optimization of Processing Technology for Tiebangchui with Zanba Based on CRITIC Combined with Box-Behnken Response Surface Method

The dried root of Aconitum pendulum Busch., called Tiebangchui (TBC) in Chinese, is one of the most famous Tibetan medicines. It is a widely used herb in ...

optimization-processing-technology-for-tiebangchui-with-zanba-based

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

1.0K Views.  Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. De reikwijdte van dit protocol ligt in de gang van zaken bij de Tibetaanse medicijnen. Dit personeel heeft als doel de verwerkingstechnologie van Zanba-roergebakken Tiebangchui te optimaliseren en te standaardiseren. De combinatie van het Box-Behnken-responsoppervlak en de CRITIC-methode wordt vaak gebruikt om de voortgangstechnologie te optimaliseren om het geoptimaliseerde voortgangsprotocol te verkrijgen.De geoptimaliseerde verwerkingscondities van twee centimeter Tiebangchui snijdi...

Video: Auteur in de schijnwerpers: Optimalisatie van verwerkingstechnologie voor Tiebangchui met Zanba op basis van CRITIC in combinatie met Box-Behnken Response Surface Method  

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

With the recent development of retinal prostheses, it is important to develop reliable techniques for assessing the safety of these devices in preclinical studies. However, the standard fixation, preparation, and automated histology procedures are not ideal. Here we describe new procedures for evaluating the health of the retina directly adjacent to an implant. Retinal prostheses feature electrode arrays in contact with eye tissue. Previous methods have not been able to spatially localize the ocular tissue adjacent to individual electrodes within the array. In addition, standard histological processing often results in gross artifactual detachment of the retinal layers when assessing implanted eyes. Consequently, it has been difficult to assess localized damage, if present, caused by implantation and stimulation of an implanted electrode array. Therefore, we developed a method for identifying and localizing the ocular tissue adjacent to implanted electrodes using a (color-coded) dye marking scheme, and we modified an eye fixation technique to minimize artifactual retinal detachment. This method also rendered the sclera translucent, enabling localization of individual electrodes and specific parts of an implant. Finally, we used a matched control to increase the power of the histopathological assessments. In summary, this method enables reliable and efficient discrimination and assessment of the retinal cytoarchitecture in an implanted eye.

Techniques for visualizing retinal cytoarchitecture directly adjacent to individual electrodes within a retinal stimulator.

With  the recent development of retinal prostheses, it is important to develop  reliable techniques for assessing the safety of these devices in ...

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks

Retinal prostheses for the treatment of certain forms of blindness are gaining traction in clinical trials around the world with commercial devices currently entering the market. In order to evaluate the safety of these devices, in preclinical studies, reliable techniques are needed. However, the hard metal components utilised in some retinal implants are not compatible with traditional histological processes, particularly in consideration for the delicate nature of the surrounding tissue. Here we describe techniques for assessing the health of the eye directly adjacent to a retinal implant secured epiretinally with a metal tack.
Retinal prostheses feature electrode arrays in contact with eye tissue. The most commonly used location for implantation is the epiretinal location (posterior chamber of the eye), where the implant is secured to the retina with a metal tack that penetrates all the layers of the eye. Previous methods have not been able to assess the proximal ocular tissue with the tack in situ, due to the inability of traditional histological techniques to cut metal objects. Consequently, it has been difficult to assess localized damage, if present, caused by tack insertion.
Therefore, we developed a technique for visualizing the tissue around a retinal tack and implant. We have modified an established technique, used for processing and visualizing hard bony tissue around a cochlear implant, for the soft delicate tissues of the eye. We orientated and embedded the fixed eye tissue, including the implant and retinal tack, in epoxy resin, to stabilise and protect the structure of the sample. Embedded samples were then ground, polished, stained, and imaged under various magnifications at incremental depths through the sample. This technique allowed the reliable assessment of eye tissue integrity and cytoarchitecture adjacent to the metal tack.

Here we describe histological techniques for visualising ocular tissue directly adjacent to a metal epiretinal tack and retinal prosthesis.

Retinal prostheses for the treatment of certain forms of blindness are gaining traction in clinical trials around the world with commercial devices ...

Design and Optimization Strategies of a High-Performance Vented Box

This study aims to solve the problems of air flow chaos and poor performance in a vented box caused by the heterogeneous distribution of airflow through the design of the internal structure of the vented box with constant energy consumption. The final goal is to evenly distribute the airflow inside the vented box. Sensitivity analysis was performed for three structural parameters: the number of pipes, the number of holes in the middle pipe, and the number of each increment from the inside to the outside pipe. A total of 16 random array sets of three structural parameters with four levels were determined using the orthogonal experimental design. Commercial software was used for the construction of a 3D model for the selected experimental points, and this data was used to obtain the airflow velocities, which were then used to obtain the standard deviation of each experimental point. According to the range analysis, the combination of the three structural parameters was optimized. In other words, an efficient and economical optimization method considering the performance of the vented box was established, and it could be widely used to extend the storage time of fresh food.

Here, we present the range analysis method to optimize the sample points generated by an orthogonal experimental design to ensure that fresh food can be stored in a vented box for a long time by regulating the airflow pattern.

This study aims to solve the problems of air flow chaos and poor performance in a vented box caused by the heterogeneous distribution of airflow through ...

Engineering

Optimizing Battery Heat Management in Dusty Environments

Optimization of An Air-Based Heat Management System for Dusty Particulate Matter-Covered Lithium-Ion Battery Packs

This study aims to solve the problem of the cell temperature rise and performance decline caused by dusty particulate matter covering the surface of the cell through the allocation of airflow velocities at the inlets of the battery cooling box under the goal of low energy consumption. We take the maximum temperature of the battery pack at a specified airflow velocity and dust-free environment as the expected temperature in a dusty environment. The maximum temperature of the battery pack in a dusty environment is solved at different inlet airflow velocities, which are the boundary conditions of the analysis model constructed in the simulation software. The arrays representing the different airflow velocity combinations of inlets are generated randomly through the optimal Latin hypercube algorithm (OLHA), where the lower and upper limits of velocities corresponding to the temperatures above the desired temperature are set in the optimization software. We establish an approximate QRSM between the velocity combination and the maximum temperature using the fitting module of the optimization software. The QRSM is optimized based on the ASAM, and the optimal result is in good agreement with the analysis result obtained by the simulation software. After optimization, the flow rate of the middle inlet is changed from 5.5 m/s to 5 m/s, and the total airflow velocity is decreased by 3%. The protocol here presents an optimization method simultaneously considering energy consumption and thermal performance of the battery management system that has been established, and it can be widely used to improve the life cycle of the battery pack with minimum operating cost.

Author Spotlight: Optimization of Airflow Velocities in Battery Cooling Systems for Enhanced Thermal Performance and Reduced Energy Consumption 

Here, we present the adaptive simulated annealing method (ASAM) to optimize an approximate quadratic response surface model (QRSM) corresponding to a dusty particulate matter-covered battery heat management system and fulfill the temperature drops back by adjusting the airflow velocities combination of system inlets.

This study aims to solve the problem of the cell temperature rise and performance decline caused by dusty particulate matter covering the surface of the ...

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

A core business in industrial biotechnology using microbial production cell factories is the iterative process of strain engineering and optimization of bioprocess conditions. One important aspect is the improvement of cultivation medium to provide an optimal environment for microbial formation of the product of interest. It is well accepted that the media composition can dramatically influence overall bioprocess performance. Nutrition medium optimization is known to improve recombinant protein production with microbial systems and thus, this is a rewarding step in bioprocess development. However, very often standard media recipes are taken from literature, since tailor-made design of the cultivation medium is a tedious task that demands microbioreactor technology for sufficient cultivation throughput, fast product analytics, as well as support by lab robotics to enable reliability in liquid handling steps. Furthermore, advanced mathematical methods are required for rationally analyzing measurement data and efficiently designing parallel experiments such as to achieve optimal information content.
The generic nature of the presented protocol allows for easy adaption to different lab equipment, other expression hosts, and target proteins of interest, as well as further bioprocess parameters. Moreover, other optimization objectives like protein production rate, specific yield, or product quality can be chosen to fit the scope of other optimization studies. The applied Kriging Toolbox (KriKit) is a general tool for Design of Experiments (DOE) that contributes to improved holistic bioprocess optimization. It also supports multi-objective optimization which can be important in optimizing both upstream and downstream processes.

This manuscript describes a generic approach for tailor-made design of microbial cultivation media. This is enabled by an iterative workflow combining Kriging-based experimental design and microbioreactor technology for sufficient cultivation throughput, which is supported by lab robotics to increase reliability and speed in liquid handling media preparation.

A core business in industrial biotechnology using microbial production cell factories is the iterative process of strain engineering and optimization of ...

Bioengineering

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations over time in the blood-oxygenation level dependent signal. rs-fcMRI has been applied extensively to identify abnormalities in brain connectivity in different neurologic and psychiatric diseases. However, the relationship among rs-fcMRI connectivity abnormalities, brain electrophysiology and disease state is unknown, in part because the causal significance of alterations in functional connectivity in disease pathophysiology has not been established. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique that uses electromagnetic induction to noninvasively produce focal changes in cortical activity. When combined with electroencephalography (EEG), TMS can be used to assess the brain's response to external perturbations. Here we provide a protocol for combining rs-fcMRI, TMS and EEG to assess the physiologic significance of alterations in functional connectivity in patients with neuropsychiatric disease. We provide representative results from a previously published study in which rs-fcMRI was used to identify regions with abnormal connectivity in patients with epilepsy due to a malformation of cortical development, periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH). Stimulation in patients with epilepsy resulted in abnormal TMS-evoked EEG activity relative to stimulation of the same sites in matched healthy control patients, with an abnormal increase in the late component of the TMS-evoked potential, consistent with cortical hyperexcitability. This abnormality was specific to regions with abnormal resting-state functional connectivity. Electrical source analysis in a subject with previously recorded seizures demonstrated that the origin of the abnormal TMS-evoked activity co-localized with the seizure-onset zone, suggesting the presence of an epileptogenic circuit. These results demonstrate how rs-fcMRI, TMS and EEG can be utilized together to identify and understand the physiological significance of abnormal brain connectivity in human diseases.

Resting-state functional-connectivity MRI has identified abnormalities in patients with a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in combination with EEG can demonstrate that patients with epilepsy have cortical hyperexcitability in regions with abnormal connectivity.

Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is a technique that identifies connectivity between different brain regions based on correlations ...

Methodology for Sputum Induction and Laboratory Processing

The technique of sputum induction and processing is a recognized non-invasive method allowing the collection and analysis of cells from the airways, which is interesting in various respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic cough, or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This technique is well tolerated, safe and non-invasive, but is currently limited to research services and specialized centers in clinical practice because it is technically demanding, time-consuming, and requires trained staff. The success rate of sputum induction and analysis is about 80%.
Here, we describe the induction and laboratory processing of sputum samples. Sputum is induced by inhalation of hypertonic or isotonic saline with salbutamol. For the processing, we use the whole sputum technique. Dithiothreitol (DTT) is used to allow mucolysis of sputum samples. The primary aim of sputum processing is to obtain a differential cell count to study the cell types present in the airway lumen. Additional analyses may also be performed on sputum supernatant and sputum cells, which may allow further investigation into inflammatory processes and immune mechanisms. Examples include studying mediators in sputum supernatant and performing a large spectrum of analysis on sputum cells such as flow cytometry, genomics, or proteomics.
Finally, representative results of sputum analysis in healthy controls, asthmatics, and COPD patients are presented.

Here we describe the technique of sputum induction. This protocol also explains the sputum processing to perform a differential cell count and to collect sputum supernatant and cells for further analysis.

The technique of sputum induction and processing is a recognized non-invasive method allowing the collection and analysis of cells from the airways, which ...

Process Evaluation and Kinetics of Recombinant Chitin Deacetylase Expression in E. coli Rosetta pLysS Cells Using a Statistical Technique

In recent years, the greener route of the deacetylation of chitin to chitosan using the enzyme chitin deacetylase has gained importance. Enzymatically converted chitosan with emulating characteristics has a broad range of applications, particularly in the biomedical field. Several recombinant chitin deacetylases from various environmental sources have been reported, but there are no studies on process optimization for the production of these recombinant chitin deacetylases. The present study used the central composite design of response surface methodology to maximize the recombinant bacterial chitin deacetylase (BaCDA) production in E. coli Rosetta pLysS. The optimized process conditions were 0.061% glucose concentration, 1% lactose concentration, an incubation temperature of 22 &#176;C, an agitation speed at 128 rpm, and 30 h of fermentation. At optimized conditions, the expression due to lactose induction was initiated after 16 h of fermentation. The maximum expression, biomass, and BaCDA activity were recorded 14 h post-induction. At the optimized condition, the BaCDA activity of expressed BaCDA was increased ~2.39-fold. The process optimization reduced the total fermentation cycle by 22 h and expression time by 10 h post-induction. This is the first study to report the process optimization of recombinant chitin deacetylase expression using a central composite design and its kinetic profiling. Adapting these optimal growth conditions could result in cost-effective, large-scale production of the lesser-explored moneran deacetylase, embarking on a greener route for biomedical-grade chitosan production.

Process Evaluation and Kinetics of Recombinant Chitin Deacetylase Expression in E. coli Rosetta pLysS Cells Using a Statistical Technique

In the current protocol, a statistical technique, central composite design (CCD), was applied to optimize the process conditions for the expression of recombinant bacterial chitin deacetylase (BaCDA) in E. coli Rosetta pLysS cells. The employment of CCD resulted in a ~2.39-fold increase in the expression and activity of BaCDA.

In recent years, the greener route of the deacetylation of chitin to chitosan using the enzyme chitin deacetylase has gained importance. Enzymatically ...

Optimization of the Epimedii Folium Mutton-Oil Processing Technology and Testing Its Effect on Zebrafish Embryonic Development

As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Epimedii folium (EF) has a history in medicine and food that is &#62; 2,000 years old. Clinically, EF processed with mutton oil is often used as a medicine. In recent years, reports of safety risks and adverse reactions of products that use EF as a raw material have gradually increased. Processing can effectively improve the safety of TCM. According to TCM theory, mutton-oil processing can reduce the toxicity of EF and enhance its tonifying effect on the kidneys. However, there is a lack of systematic research and evaluation of EF mutton-oil processing technology. In this study, we used the Box-Behnken experimental design-response surface methodology to optimize the key parameters of the processing technology by assessing the contents of multiple components. The results showed that the optimal mutton-oil processing technology of EF was as follows: heating the mutton oil at 120 &#176;C &#177; 10 &#176;C, adding the crude EF, stir-frying it gently to 189 &#176;C &#177; 10 &#176;C until it is evenly shiny, and then removing it and cool. For every 100 kg of EF, 15 kg of mutton oil should be used. The toxicities and teratogenicities of an aqueous extract of crude and mutton-oil processed EF were compared in a zebrafish embryo developmental model. The results showed that the crude herb group was more likely to cause zebrafish deformities, and its half-maximal lethal EF concentration was lower. In conclusion, the optimized mutton-oil processing technology was stable and reliable, with good repeatability. At a certain dose, the aqueous extract of EF was toxic to the development of zebrafish embryos, and the toxicity was stronger for the crude drug than for the processed drug. The results showed that mutton-oil processing reduced the toxicity of crude EF. These findings can be used to improve the quality, uniformity, and clinical safety of mutton oil-processed EF.

In this protocol, the mutton-oil processing technology of Epimedii folium (EF) was optimized by applying a Box-Behnken experimental design-response surface methodology, and the effect of crude and optimized water-extracted EF on zebrafish embryonic development was preliminarily investigated.

As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Epimedii folium (EF) has a history in medicine and food that is &#62; 2,000 years old. Clinically, EF processed ...

Optimization of Processing of Tiebangchui with Highland Barley Wine Based on the Box-Behnken Design Combined with the Entropy Method

The processing of toxic ethnomedicines is of great significance for their safe clinical application. Thus, the limitations of traditional processing should be addressed, and the processing method of ethnomedicines should be standardized using modern research methods. In this study, the processing technology of a commonly used Tibetan medicine Tiebangchui (TBC), the dried root of Aconitum pendulum&#160;Busch, processed with highland barley wine was optimized. Diester-diterpenoid alkaloid (DDA) (aconitine, 3-deoxyaconitine, 3-acetylaconitine) and monoester-diterpenoid alkaloid (MDA) (benzoylaconine) content were used as evaluation indicators, and the weight coefficient of each evaluation index was determined by the entropy method.
The single factor test and Box-Behnken design were used in investigating the influence of the ratio between highland barley wine and TBC, slice thickness of TBC, and processing time. Comprehensive scoring was performed according to the objective weight of each index determined by the entropy method. The optimal processing conditions of TBC with highland barley wine were as follows: the amount of highland barley wine is five times that of TBC, a soaking time of 24 h, and a TBC thickness of 1.5 cm. The results showed that the relative standard deviation between the verification test and predicted value was less than 2.55% and the optimized processing technology of TBC processed with highland barley wine is simple, feasible, and stable, and so can provide a reference for industrial production.

The present protocol describes an efficient method for optimization of the processing technology of Tiebangchui processed with highland barley wine based on a Box-Behnken design response surface combined with the entropy method.

The processing of toxic ethnomedicines is of great significance for their safe clinical application. Thus, the limitations of traditional processing ...

Optimization of Processing Technology for Tiebangchui with Zanba Based on CRITIC Combined with Box-Behnken Response Surface Method

Samenvatting

Meer video's verkennen

Hoofdstukken in deze video