Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types

Podsumowanie

The feasibility and effectiveness of high-throughput scRNA-seq methods herald a single-cell era in plant research. Presented here is a robust and complete procedure for isolating specific Arabidopsis thaliana root cell types and subsequent transcriptome library construction and analysis.

Streszczenie

In multicellular organisms, developmental programming and environmental responses can be highly divergent in different cell types or even within cells, which is known as cellular heterogeneity. In recent years, single-cell and cell-type isolation combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have become important tools for studying biological processes at single-cell resolution. However, isolating plant cells is relatively more difficult due to the presence of plant cell walls, which limits the application of single-cell approaches in plants. This protocol describes a robust procedure for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based single-cell and cell-type isolation with plant cells, which is suitable for downstream multi-omics analysis and other studies. Using Arabidopsis root fluorescent marker lines, we demonstrate how particular cell types, such as xylem-pole pericycle cells, lateral root initial cells, lateral root cap cells, cortex cells, and endodermal cells, are isolated. Furthermore, an effective downstream transcriptome analysis method using Smart-seq2 is also provided. The cell isolation method and transcriptome analysis techniques can be adapted to other cell types and plant species and have broad application potential in plant science.

Wprowadzenie

Cells are the fundamental unit of all living organisms and perform structural and physiological functions. Although the cells in multicellular organisms show apparent synchronicity, cells of different types and individual cells present differences in their transcriptomes during development and environmental responses. High-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provides unprecedented power for understanding cellular heterogeneity. Applying scRNA-seq in plant sciences has contributed to successfully constructing a plant cell atlas¹, has been used to identify rare cellular taxa in plant tissues², has provided in....

Protokół

The following protocol has been optimized for A. thaliana wild-type (WT) seeds with no fluorescence and fluorescent marker lines for the following root cell types: xylem-pole pericycle cells (J0121), lateral root initial cells, lateral root cap cells (J3411), endodermis and cortex cells (J0571) (Figure 1A). All the marker lines were obtained from a commercial source (see Table of Materials), except for the lateral root initiation cell marker line, which was generated by introducing a GATA23 promoter-driven GFP construct into a wild-type Arabidopsis plant following a previously published report<....

Wyniki

Protoplast isolation
This protocol is effective for the protoplast sorting of fluorescent A. thaliana root marker lines. These markers lines have been developed by the fusion of fluorescent proteins with genes expressed specifically in target cell types, or using enhancer trap lines (Figure 1). Numerous tissues and organs have been dissected into cell types expressing specific fluorescent markers in model plants and crops.

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Dyskusje

The Smart-seq2-based protocol can generate reliable sequencing libraries from several hundreds of cells⁸. The quality of the starting material is essential for the accuracy of the transcriptome analysis. FACS is a powerful tool for preparing cells of interest, but this procedure, especially the protoplasting step, must be optimized for plant applications. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) or manual dissected cells can also be used as input^25,2.......

Materiały

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.22 µm strainer	Sorfa	622110
Agar	Yeasen	70101ES76
Agilent fragment analyzer	Aglient	Aglient 5200
Agilent high-sensitivity DNA kit	Aglient	DNF-474-0500
Ampure XP beads	BECKMAN	A63881
Betaine	yuanye	S18046-100g
Bleach	Mr Muscle	FnBn83BK	20% (v/v) bleach
BSA	sigma	9048-46-8
CaCl2	yuanye	S24109-500g
Cellulase R10	Yakult (Japan)	9012-54-8
Cellulase RS	Yakult (Japan)	9012-54-8
Centrifuge tube (1.5 mL)	Eppendolf	30121589
DNase, RNase, DNA and RNA Away Surface Decontaminants	Beyotime	R0127
dNTPs (10 mM)	NEB	N0447S
DTT (0.1 M)	invitrogen	18090050
Ethanol	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd	100092680
FACS	BD FACS Melody	BD-65745
FACS	Sony	SH800S
Filter tip  (1000 µL)	Thermo Scientific	TF112-1000-Q
Filter tip  (200 µL)	Thermo Scientific	TF140-200-Q
Filter tip (10 µL)	Thermo Scientific	TF104-10-Q
Filter tip (100 µL)	Thermo Scientific	TF113-100-Q
Fluorescent microscope	Nikon	Eclipse Ni-E
Four-Dimensional Rotating Mixer	Kylin -Bell	BE-1100
Hemicellulase	sigma	9025-56-3
IS PCR primer			5'-AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAG T-3'
KAPA HiFi HotStart ReadyMix(2X)	Roche	7958935001
KCl	Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd	7447-40-7
Macerozyme R10	Yakult (Japan)	9032-75-1
Magnetic separation stand	invitrogen	12321D
Mannitol	aladdin	69-65-8
MES	aladdin	145224948
MgCl2	yuanye	R21455-500ml
Microcentrifuges	Eppendorf	Centrifuge 5425
Micro-mini-centrifuge	Titan	Timi-10k
MS	Phytotech	M519
Nextera XT DNA Library Preparation Kit	illumina	FC-131-1024
oligo-dT30VN primer			5'-AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAG TACTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTVN-3'
PCR instrument	Thermal cycler	A24811
Pectolyase	Yakult (Japan)	9033-35-6
Plant marker lines	Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC)
Qubit 1x dsDNA HS Assay Kit	invitrogen	Q33231
Qubit 2.0 fluorometer	invitrogen	Q32866
RNase inhibitor	Thermo Scientific	EO0382
RNase-free water	invitrogen	10977023
Solution A			400 mM mannitol, 0.05 % BSA , 20 mM MES (pH5.7), 10 mM CaCl2, 20 mM KCl
Solution B			1 % (w/v)cellulase R10, 1 % (w/v) cellulase RS, 1 %  (w/v)hemicellulase, 0.5 %  (w/v)pectolyase and 1 %  (w/v) Macerozyme R10 of in a fresh aliquot of solution A
Sterile pestle	BIOTREAT	453463
Strainer (40 µm )	Sorfa	251100
Superscript enzyme (200 U/µL)	invitrogen	18090050
SuperScript VI buffer (5x)	invitrogen	18090050
T0est tube (5 mL)	BD Falcon	352052
Thin-walled PCR tubes with caps (0.5 mL)	AXYGEN	PCR-05-C
Triton X-100	Sangon Biotech	A600198-0500
TSO primer			5'-AAGCAGTGGTATCAACGCAGAG TACATrGrG+G-3'
Vortex	Titan	VM-T2