Name: murine colitis modeling using dextran sulfate sodium (dss)
Uploaded: 2010-01-19T17:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS at JoVE.com

Funding provided by NIH (1 K08 DK080221-01) and Vanderbilt institutional development funds.

Part 1: Injury-Repair Colitis Model
<ol>
<li>Baseline weight should be obtained for each mouse prior to beginning DSS treatment.</li>
<li>Make a 3% (w/v) Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt solution in water and filter with a 0.45 &mu;m cellulose acetate filter.</li>
<li>Replace drinking water in the mouse cage with the 3% DSS solution for four days. The mice should not have access to any other source of water (i.e. exclusion tips placed on automated watering systems).</li>
<li>On day four, replace the DSS solution with...

<ol>
	<li>Okayasu, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+method+in+the+induction+of+reliable+experimental+acute+and+chronic+ulcerative+colitis+in+mice.">A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice.</a> Gastroenterology. 98 (3), 694-702 (1990).</li><li>Martinez, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deletion+of+Mtgr1+sensitizes+the+colonic+epithelium+to+dextran+sodium+sulfate-induced+colitis.">Deletion of Mtgr1 sensitizes the colonic epithelium to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.</a> Gastroenterology. 131 (2), 579-588 (2006).</li><li>Moolenbeek, C., Ruitenberg, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+"Swiss+roll":+a+simple+technique+for+histological+studies+of+the+rodent+intestine.">The "Swiss roll": a simple technique for histological studies of the rodent intestine.</a> Lab Anim. 15 (1), 57-59 (1981).</li><li>Mahler, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+susceptibility+of+inbred+mouse+strains+to+dextran+sulfate+sodium-induced+colitis.">Differential susceptibility of inbred mouse strains to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.</a> Am J Physiol. 274, G544-551 (1998).</li><li>Aharoni, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunomodulatory+therapeutic+effect+of+glatiramer+acetate+on+several+murine+models+of+inflammatory+bowel+disease.">Immunomodulatory therapeutic effect of glatiramer acetate on several murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.</a> J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 318 (1), 68-78 (2006).</li><li>Hahm, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+transforming+growth+factor+beta+signalling+in+the+intestine+contributes+to+tissue+injury+in+inflammatory+bowel+disease.">Loss of transforming growth factor beta signalling in the intestine contributes to tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease.</a> Gut. 49 (2), 190-198 (2001).</li><li>Green, B. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adrenergic+modulation+of+Escherichia+coli+O157:H7+adherence+to+the+colonic+mucosa.">Adrenergic modulation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 adherence to the colonic mucosa.</a> Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 287 (6), G1238-1246 (2004).</li><li>Dieleman, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+experimental+colitis+induced+by+dextran+sulphate+sodium+(DSS)+is+characterized+by+Th1+and+Th2+cytokines.">Chronic experimental colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) is characterized by Th1 and Th2 cytokines.</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 114 (3), 385-391 (1998).</li></ol>

This protocol can be modified to model acute injury, injury-repair, or chronic colonic injury processes.
Acute Injury Modification:
DSS treatment ad lib for 4-6 days followed by immediate sacrifice
Injury-Repair Modification:
Injury with 4-6 days of DSS treatment followed by recovery period of 3-4 days and sacrifice (as described in above protocol).
Chronic Colitis Modification:
<p ...

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		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>USB Corp</td>
<td>9011-18-1</td>
<td>mol wt 40,000-50,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10% Buffered Formalin Phosphate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>SF100-4</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Isoflurane, USP</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Phoenix Pharmaceuticals</td>
<td>NDC 57319-474-06</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>TISSUE PATH Macrosette Cassettes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Healthcare</td>
<td>15182706</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>BD 10 ml Syringe</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>B-D</td>
<td>309604</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ethyl Alcohol</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Pharmco-Aaper</td>
<td>E190</td>
<td>Dilute to 70% with distilled water</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20G Straight Feeding Needle</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>20068-612</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>27G1/2 PrecisionGlide Needle</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>B-D</td>
<td>305109</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dissecting Scissors Sharp/Blunt Tip</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>82027-588</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Waugh Forceps</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>82027-428</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Non-absorbable Suture </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>LOOK Surgical Specialties</td>
<td>SP116</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Whatman Blotting Paper</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>28298-020</td>
<td>Cut as needed</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Nalgene Surfactant-Free Cellulose Acetate (SFCA) Filter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
<td>EW-06731-2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Carbon fiber composites digital caliper</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>15-007-958</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

murine colitis modeling using dextran sulfate sodium (dss)

Colitis can occur from viral or bacterial infections, ischemic insult, or autoimmune disorders; most notably Ulcerative Colitis and the colonic variant of Crohn&rsquo;s Disease - Crohn&rsquo;s Colitis. Acute colitis may present with abdominal pain and distention, malabsorption, diarrhea, hematochezia and mucus in the stool. We are beginning to understand the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and animal models of colitis have been essential in advancing our understanding of this disease. One popular model involves supplementing the drinking water of mice with low-molecular weight Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS), resulting in epithelial damage and a robust inflammatory response in the colon lasting several days 1.Variations of this approach can be used to model acute injury, acute injury followed by repair, and repeated cycles of DSS interspersed with recovery modeling chronic inflammatory diseases 2. After a single four-day treatment of 3% DSS in drinking water, mice show signs of acute colitis including weight loss, bloody stools, and diarrhea. Mice are euthanized at the conclusion of the treatment course and at necropsy dissected colons are processed and can be 'Swiss rolled" 3 to allow microscopic analysis of the entire colon or infused with formalin as "sausages" to allow macroscopic analysis. Tissue is then embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained for histologic review.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS at JoVE.com

Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium DSS

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administered in the drinking water is an established murine inflammatory injury model of acute colitis. This protocol outlines the method for DSS treatment and the preparation of tissues.

Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Colitis can occur from viral or bacterial infections, ischemic insult, or autoimmune disorders; most notably Ulcerative Colitis and the colonic variant of ...

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