This work was supported by the NRF grant HUJ-CREATE - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation.

Os ratos foram alojados em condições livres de patógenos em conformidade com as diretrizes institucionais, até a eutanásia (The Animal Care Institucional e Comitê de Uso (IACUC) orientações na Universidade Nacional de Cingapura e do Comité Consultivo Nacional para a Research Laboratory Animal (NACLAR) orientações). 1. Ratos <ol><li> Peça um rato do fundo genético apropriado. Este protocolo baseia-se em tecido derivado de uma C57BL / 6 mouse. </li></ol> 2. Preparação de Meio Completo <ol><li> Prepare meio completo, adicionando as seguintes componentes a Roswell Instituto Memorial Park (RPMI) 1640: 10% de soro fetal de vitelo (FCS), 50 uM de 2-mercaptoetanol, 100 uM asparagina, glutamina 2 mM, solução de penicilina-estreptomicina a 1%. </li></ol> 3. Preparação de soluções enzimáticas <ol><li> Prepare solução de colagenase D em um tubo de fundo cónico de 15 ml. <ol><li> Pesar 10 mg de colagenase D. Dissolve colagenase D em 4 ml de meio completo. </li></ol></li><li> Preparar a solução de pronase num tubo de microcentrífuga de 1,7 ml. <ol><li> Pesar 10 mg de pronase. </li><li> Adiciona-se 5 mL de tampão Tris 1 M (pH 8,0). Adicionar 1 ml de 0,5 M de EDTA (pH 8,0). </li><li> Complete com 494 mL de água estéril. </li><li> Incubar a solução de pronase a 37 ° C num banho de água durante 30 min. </li></ol></li></ol> 4. Preparação de colagenase D-Mix pronase (≤2 Tails) Nota: Execute as etapas subsequentes em uma capa de cultura de células estéril. <ol><li> Adicionar 250 ul de solução de pronase a 4 ml de solução de colagenase D. </li><li> Passe a mistura de colagenase D-pronase através de um filtro de seringa de 0,2 mm em um tubo de 15 ml fundo cônico estéril. </li></ol> 5. Extração de fibroblastos de orelha e da cauda Tecidos <ol><li> Euthanize ratos de acordo com as diretrizes institucionais adequadas.</li><li> Coloque autoclavados instrumentos cirúrgicos (tesouras e pinças) na capa de cultura de célula. </li><li> Adicionar 10 ml de meio completo em dois 10 cm cultura de células pratos cada. </li><li> Cortar orelhas (~ 1 cm de raio) e 5 cm de cauda (a partir da ponta da cauda) de um ratinho com tesouras e incubar durante 5 min em etanol a 40% em 70 ml de um tubo de 50 ml de fundo cónico estéril. </li><li> Orelhas Ar seco e cauda, ​​colocando-os em um aberto 10 centímetros de cultura de células prato na capa por 5 min. Depois secou-se, orelha de transferência e os pedaços de cauda, ​​com duas placas de cultura marcado &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot; contendo 10 ml de meio completo, como descrito na etapa 5.3. </li><li> Remover pêlos das orelhas e da cauda com uma tesoura. </li><li> Cortar orelhas e cauda em pedaços menores que 3 mm de tamanho, usando uma tesoura. </li><li> Transfira os tecidos cortados em 1,8 ml frascos criotubo rotulados &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot; e adicionar solução D-pronase colagenase suficientes para o volume a atingir a marca de 1,8 ml do frasco para injectáveis. </li><li> Pate os frascos criotubo horizontalmente num agitador e agitar as amostras a 200 rpm durante 90 min a 37 ° C. </li><li> Após 90 minutos de incubação, retire os frascos criotubo do agitador e coloque os frascos na capa. </li><li> Adicionar 10 ml de meio completo em duas de 10 cm de cultura de células pratos, identificado como &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot; cada, e colocar um filtro de 70 um celular em cada prato. </li><li> Coloque os tecidos orelha e da cauda digerido no coador 70 um celular nos pratos preparados em conformidade marcados na etapa 5.11 e com força moer os tecidos usando a 10 ml êmbolo da seringa para&gt; 5 min. Agite o filtro de células ocasionalmente a médio e lavar as células fora do filtro de células. </li><li> Pipetar a suspensão de células de cada prato em tubos de 15 ml de fundo dois cônicos rotulados &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot;. Lave o prato e filtro com mais 10 ml de meio completo e adicionar a médio e os apropriados tubos de 15 ml de fundo cónico. </li><li> Girar a célulasuspensão durante 7 minutos a 580 xg ~ e 4 ° C utilizando uma célula de centrífuga refrigerada. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante, adicionar 10 ml de meio completo para a pelete de células em 15 ml de tubos de fundo cónico e ressuspender as células. </li><li> Repita o passo 5.14 e 5.15. </li></ol> 6. Cultura de mistura de células <ol><li> Remover o sobrenadante. Assegure-se que o agregado de células permanece intacta. </li><li> Re-suspender as células em 10 ml de meio completo e adicione a respectiva mistura de dois pratos de cultura de 10 cm de células rotuladas &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot;. </li><li> Adicionar 10 ul de solução de anfotericina B (solução de estoque: 250 ug / ml) à cultura. </li><li> Incubar as células a 37 ° C numa atmosfera humidificada com 5% de CO2. </li><li> No terceiro dia, substituir o meio por meio completo fresco contendo 10 ml de 10 ml de anfotericina B para remover os resíduos (Figuras 1 e 2). </li></ol> 7. Sub-cultura de fibroblastos <ol><li> WheN cultura atinge cerca de 70% de confluência (3-4 dias de cultura) remover o meio e lava-se as células com 5 ml de fosfato estéril 1x solução salina tamponada (PBS). </li><li> Remover PBS e adicionar 2 ml de solução tripsina-EDTA 1x estéril para as células. </li><li> Incubam-se as células durante 5 min a 37 ° C numa atmosfera humidificada com 5% de CO2. </li><li> Após 5 min, toque suave da placa de cultura e adicionar 6 mL de meio completo para as células. </li><li> Transferir a suspensão de células para um tubo de fundo cónico de 15 ml e girar o tubo durante 5 minutos a ~ 450 x g e 4 ° C utilizando uma célula de centrífuga refrigerada. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante e ressuspender cuidadosamente o sedimento celular em 5 ml de meio completo. </li><li> Semente 2 x 10 5 células em uma cultura de células de 10 cm de prato e incubar as células a 37 ° C numa atmosfera humidificada com 5% de CO2 durante 3-4 dias antes de repetir os passos 7.1 a 7,6. </li></ol> 8. Preparação de orelhas para o embarque Nota: Execute tele etapas subseqüentes em uma capa de cultura de células estéril. <ol><li> Euthanize ratos de acordo com as diretrizes institucionais adequadas. </li><li> Coloque tesouras e pinças autoclavado na capa de cultura de célula. </li><li> Adicionar 50 ml de meio completo em um tubo de fundo cónico de 50 ml. </li><li> Corte ouvidos (~ 1 cm de raio) de um rato com uma tesoura. </li><li> Transferir as orelhas para o tubo de 50 ml de fundo cónico (como preparado no passo 3) utilizando fórceps. </li><li> Selar o tubo inferior 50 ml cônico com parafilm antes do envio à temperatura ambiente em uma caixa apropriada. </li></ol>

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The authors declare no conflict of financial interests.

Aqui nós fornecemos um procedimento experimental simples, barato e rápido para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos primários de orelhas e rabos de ratos. A extracção deve resultar em fibroblastos aderentes dividem rapidamente e dentro de 3 dias após o isolamento do tecido. Uma importante limitação de pilhas é senescência, uma parada do crescimento permanente 15. Usando o protocolo, culturas de fibroblastos podem ser passadas durante 5 a 6 vezes antes de se tornar fibroblastos senescentes, indicado ...

As células primárias são derivadas a partir de tecido vivo e cultivadas sob condições in vitro. Geralmente assume-se que as células primárias mais se assemelham ao estado fisiológico e o fundo genético do tecido a partir do qual foram produzidos de linhas de células imortalizadas ou de tumor 1. Por essa razão, as células primárias representam um modelo útil para o estudo biológico perguntas 2,3. No entanto, ao contrário de linhas celulares estabelecidas que crescem indefinidamente, células primárias, eventualmente, submetidos a senescência em cultura e têm de ser frequentemente restabelecida. Células primárias vulgarmente utilizados incluem fibroblastos, células epiteliais, células endoteliais, células T, células B, macrófagos derivados de medula óssea (BMDM) e células dendríticas derivadas de medula óssea (BMDC). Os fibroblastos são muitas vezes utilizadas como modelo de cultura celular primária. Eles oferecem vantagens sobre outras células primárias. As culturas celulares são facilmente estabelecida, facilmente mantido e não necessitam de purificação de células antes da cultura. Eles têm proliferação inicial rápida e sem exigência de protocolos de médio ou de activação especializados. Os fibroblastos podem ser eficientemente transfectadas utilizando protocolos físicos 4,5 biológicas, químicas, e. Existe uma possibilidade de armazenar as orelhas para até 10 dias à TA antes de estabelecer culturas de células. Culturas de fibroblastos são propícias para visualização de processos citoplasmáticos e adequado para reprogramação em tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPS) células 6. Os fibroblastos são importantes células do tecido conjuntivo que segregam proteínas de colagénio e na matriz extracelular 7. Eles fornecem o quadro estrutural em muitos tecidos e 8 desempenham um papel essencial na cicatrização de feridas e reparação de tecidos 9,10. Aqui, descrevemos um (&lt;4 h) protocolo simples e rápida para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos de orelhas e rabos de ratos 11. O protocolo exige rato mínimaexperiência para colher os tecidos (em contraste com outros protocolos 12,13) ​​e pode ser utilizado para estabelecer culturas de orelhas armazenados em meio à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="642">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">RPMI-1640</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">HyClone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30027.01</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">HyClone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SV30160.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">2-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M3148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Asparagine</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A4159</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G8540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">HyClone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SV30010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">107017</td>
			<td>Absolute for analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Collagenase D</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Roche Diagnostics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11088866001</td>
			<td>From Clostridium histolyticum, lyophilized, non-sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Pronase protease</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">53702</td>
			<td>From Streptomyces griseus&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tris buffer (pH 8)</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">1st BASE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1415</td>
			<td>Ultra pure grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">0.5M EDTA (pH 8)</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">1st BASE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BUF-1053</td>
			<td>Biotechnology grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">10X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">1st BASE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BUF-2040-10X4L</td>
			<td>Ultra pure grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Trypsin-EDTA solution 10X</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">59418C-100ML</td>
			<td>0.5% trypsin, 0.2% EDTA, trypsin gamma irradiated by SER-TAIN process, without phenol red, in saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Amphotericin B</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A2492-20ml</td>
			<td>250 &#956;g/ml in deionized water, sterile-filtered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Forcep</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Aesculap</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AE-BD312R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">0.2 &#956;M syringe filter</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sartorius Stedim</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">70 &#956;M cell strainer</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">SPL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">93070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Syringe plunger</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Terumo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SS+10L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cryovial tube</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">NUNC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">368362</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">1.7 ml microcentrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Axygen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MCT-175-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10 cm cell culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Greiner</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">664160</td>
			<td>Cell culture treated dish&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">15 ml conical bottom tube</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Greiner</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50 ml conical bottom tube</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Greiner</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Water bath</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">GFL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5810R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Incubation shaker</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Sartorius Stedim</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Certomat-BS1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Zeiss Axiovert 25 light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:140px;">Carl Zeiss AG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generating primary fibroblast cultures from mouse ear and tail tissues

As células primárias são derivadas directamente a partir de tecidos e pensa-se ser mais representativo do estado fisiológico das células in vivo do que as linhas de células estabelecidas. No entanto, as culturas de células primárias geralmente têm um tempo de vida finito e precisa de ser frequentemente restabelecida. Os fibroblastos são uma fonte facilmente acessível de células primárias. Aqui, discutimos um procedimento experimental simples e rápida para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos primários de orelhas e rabos de ratos. O protocolo pode ser utilizado para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos primários de espigas de armazenados à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias. Quando o protocolo seguido é cuidadosamente, as contaminações não são susceptíveis de ocorrer, apesar da utilização de tecido não-estéril armazenada por tempo prolongado, em alguns casos. Os fibroblastos proliferam rapidamente em cultura e pode ser expandido para um número substancial antes de se submeter a senescência replicativa.

Extracção de fibroblastos a partir de resultados de tecidos em uma quantidade significativa de restos de tecido (Figura 1). Em contraste com os restos de tecido, fibroblastos de tecidos aderir às superfícies de cultura de plástico entre o dia 1 e 3 de cultura. O meio de cultura de fibroblastos pode ser alterado de forma segura no dia 3 de cultura, o qual deve diminuir significativamente os níveis de detritos presentes na cultura (Figura 2). Fibroblastos exibir uma morfologia along...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues at JoVE.com

Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Nós descrevemos um procedimento experimental simples e rápida para a geração de fibroblastos primários dos ouvidos e caudas de camundongos. O processo não requer a formação especial animal e pode ser utilizado para a geração de culturas de fibroblastos de espigas de armazenados à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias.

Culturas de geração primária de fibroblastos de rato orelha e da cauda Tecidos

Primary cells are derived directly from tissue and are thought to be more representative of the physiological state of cells in vivo than established cell ...

generating-primary-fibroblast-cultures-from-mouse-ear-and-tail-tissues

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

33.6K visualizações.  Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.  Nós descrevemos um procedimento experimental simples e rápida para a geração de fibroblastos primários dos ouvidos e caudas de camundongos. O processo não requer a formação especial animal e pode ser utilizado para a geração de culturas de fibroblastos de espigas de armazenados à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias. 

Vídeo: Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Stable and Efficient Genetic Modification of Cells in the Adult Mouse V-SVZ for the Analysis of Neural Stem Cell Autonomous and Non-autonomous Effects

Relatively quiescent somatic stem cells support life-long cell renewal in most adult tissues. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are restricted to two specific neurogenic niches: the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ; also called subependymal zone or SEZ) in the walls of the lateral ventricles. The development of in vivo gene transfer strategies for adult stem cell populations (i.e. those of the mammalian brain) resulting in long-term expression of desired transgenes in the stem cells and their derived progeny is a crucial tool in current biomedical and biotechnological research. Here, a direct in vivo method is presented for the stable genetic modification of adult mouse V-SVZ cells that takes advantage of the cell cycle-independent infection by LVs and the highly specialized cytoarchitecture of the V-SVZ niche. Specifically, the current protocol involves the injection of empty LVs (control) or LVs encoding specific transgene expression cassettes into either the V-SVZ itself, for the in vivo targeting of all types of cells in the niche, or into the lateral ventricle lumen, for the targeting of ependymal cells only. Expression cassettes are then integrated into the genome of the transduced cells and fluorescent proteins, also encoded by the LVs, allow the detection of the transduced cells for the analysis of cell autonomous and non-autonomous, niche-dependent effects in the labeled cells and their progeny.

Here we describe a procedure based on the use of lentiviral particles for the long-term genetic modification of neural stem cells and/or their adjacent ependymal cells in the adult ventricular-subventricular neurogenic niche which allows the separate analysis of cell autonomous and non-autonomous, niche-dependent effects on neural stem cells.

Estável e eficiente modificação genética de células do rato adulto V-SVZ para a Análise da Neural Stem Cell Autónoma e Efeitos não autónomos

Relatively quiescent somatic stem cells support life-long cell renewal in most adult tissues. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Murine Dermal Fibroblast Isolation by FACS

Fibroblasts are the principle cell type responsible for secreting extracellular matrix and are a critical component of many organs and tissues. Fibroblast physiology and pathology underlie a spectrum of clinical entities, including fibroses in multiple organs, hypertrophic scarring following burns, loss of cardiac function following ischemia, and the formation of cancer stroma. However, fibroblasts remain a poorly characterized type of cell, largely due to their inherent heterogeneity. Existing methods for the isolation of fibroblasts require time in cell culture that profoundly influences cell phenotype and behavior. Consequently, many studies investigating fibroblast biology rely upon in vitro manipulation and do not accurately capture fibroblast behavior in vivo. To overcome this problem, we developed a FACS-based protocol for the isolation of fibroblasts from the dorsal skin of adult mice that does not require cell culture, thereby preserving the physiologic transcriptional and proteomic profile of each cell. Our strategy allows for exclusion of non-mesenchymal lineages via a lineage negative gate (Lin-) rather than a positive selection strategy to avoid pre-selection or enrichment of a subpopulation of fibroblasts expressing specific surface markers and be as inclusive as possible across this heterogeneous cell type.

Fibroblast behavior underlies a spectrum of clinical entities, but they remain poorly characterized, largely due to their inherent heterogeneity. Traditional fibroblast research relies upon in vitro manipulation, masking in vivo fibroblast behavior. We describe a FACS-based protocol for the isolation of mouse skin fibroblasts that does not require cell culture.

Isolamento de fibroblastos de murino Dérmica por FACS

Fibroblasts are the principle cell type responsible for secreting extracellular matrix and are a critical component of many organs and tissues. Fibroblast ...

Isolation of CD 90+ Fibroblast/Myofibroblasts from Human Frozen Gastrointestinal Specimens

Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (MFs) have been gaining increasing attention for their role in pathogenesis and their contributions to both wound healing and promotion of the tumor microenvironment. While there are currently many techniques for the isolation of MFs from gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, this protocol introduces a novel element of isolation of these stromal cells from frozen tissue. Freezing GI tissue specimens not only allows the researcher to acquire samples from worldwide collaborators, biobanks, and commercial vendors, it also permits the delayed processing of fresh samples. The described protocol will consistently yield characteristic spindle-shaped cells with the MF phenotype that express the markers CD90, &#945;-SMA and vimentin. As these cells are derived from patient samples, the use of primary cells also confers the benefit of closely mimicking MFs from disease states-namely cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. This technique has been validated in gastric, small bowel, and colonic MF primary culture generation. Primary MF cultures can be used in a vast array of experiments over a number of passage and their purity assessed by both immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis.

Here, a protocol to isolate and establish primary fibroblast/myofibroblast (MF) cultures from frozen gastric, small intestinal, and colonic tissue-yielding cells with a MF phenotype-is presented. These cells express CD90, &#945;-SMA and vimentin. MFs can be used for a variety of functional assays including enzymatic activity and cytokine production.

Isolamento de CD 90+ fibroblastos / miofibroblastos de humanos congelados gastrointestinais Amostras


Fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (MFs) have been gaining increasing attention for their role in pathogenesis and their contributions to both wound healing and ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

Obesity is an unconstrained worldwide epidemic. Unraveling molecular controls in adipose tissue development holds promise to treat obesity or diabetes. Although numerous immortalized adipogenic cell lines have been established, adipose-derived stem cells from the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous white adipose tissues provide a reliable cellular system ex vivo much closer to adipose development in vivo. Pig adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) are isolated from 7- to 9-day old piglets. The dorsal white fat depot of porcine subcutaneous adipose tissues is sliced, minced and collagenase digested. These pADSC exhibit strong potential to differentiate into adipocytes. Moreover, the pADSC also possess multipotency, assessed by selective stem cell markers, to differentiate into various mesenchymal cell types including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. These pADSC can be used for clarification of molecular switches in regulating classical adipocyte differentiation or in direction to other mesenchymal cell types of mesodermal origin. Furthermore, extended lineages into cells of ectodermal and endodermal origin have recently been achieved. Therefore, pADSC derived in this protocol provide an abundant and assessable source of adult mesenchymal stem cells with full multipotency for studying adipose development and application to tissue engineering of regenerative medicine.

This protocol describes the isolation of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) from subcutaneous adipose tissues with examination of multipotency. The multipotent pADSC are used to delineate processes of adipocyte differentiation and study transdifferentiation into multiple cell lineages of mesodermal mesenchyme or further lineages of ectoderm and endoderm for regenerative studies.

Isolamento e diferenciação de células tronco derivadas de tecido adiposo de Suínos Subcutânea tecidos adiposos

Obesity is an unconstrained worldwide epidemic. Unraveling molecular controls in adipose tissue development holds promise to treat obesity or diabetes. ...

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

The primary cilium is fundamentally important for the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells and for neuronal differentiation during embryonic, postnatal, and adult life. In addition, most differentiated neurons possess primary cilia that house signaling receptors, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, and signaling molecules, such as adenylyl cyclases. The primary cilium determines the activity of multiple developmental pathways, including the sonic hedgehog pathway during embryonic neuronal development, and also functions in promoting compartmentalized subcellular signaling during adult neuronal function. Unsurprisingly, defects in primary cilium biogenesis and function have been linked to developmental anomalies of the brain, central obesity, and learning and memory deficits. Thus, it is imperative to study primary cilium biogenesis and ciliary trafficking in the context of neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiated neurons. However, culturing methods for primary neurons require considerable expertise and are not amenable to freeze-thaw cycles. In this protocol, we discuss culturing methods for mixed populations of neural stem/progenitor cells using primary neurospheres. The neurosphere-based culturing methods provide the combined benefits of studying primary neural stem/progenitor cells: amenability to multiple passages and freeze-thaw cycles, differentiation potential into neurons/glia, and transfectability. Importantly, we determined that neurosphere-derived neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiated neurons are ciliated in culture and localize signaling molecules relevant to ciliary function in these compartments. Utilizing these cultures, we further describe methods to study ciliogenesis and ciliary trafficking in neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiated neurons. These neurosphere-based methods allow us to study cilia-regulated cellular pathways, including G-protein-coupled receptor and sonic hedgehog signaling, in the context of neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiated neurons.

The primary cilium is fundamentally important in neural progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and adult neuronal function. Here, we describe a method to study ciliogenesis and the trafficking of signaling proteins to cilia in neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiated neurons using primary neurosphere cultures.

Usando culturas neurosphere primárias para o Estudo Primário Cilia

The primary cilium is fundamentally important for the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells and for neuronal differentiation during embryonic, ...

Generation and Culturing of Primary Human Keratinocytes from Adult Skin

The main function of keratinocytes is to provide the structural integrity of the epidermis, thereby maintaining a mechanical barrier to the outside world. In addition, keratinocytes play an essential role in the initiation, maintenance, and regulation of epidermal immune responses by being part of the innate immune system responding to antigenic stimuli in a fast, nonspecific manner. Here, we describe a protocol for isolation of primary human keratinocytes from adult skin, and demonstrate that these cells respond to calcium-induced terminal differentiation, as measured by an increased expression of the differentiation marker involucrin. In addition, we show that the isolated keratinocytes are responsive to IL-1&#946;-induced activation of intracellular signaling pathways as measured by the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Taken together, we describe a method for isolation and culturing of primary human keratinocytes from adult skin. Because the keratinocytes are the predominant cell type in the epidermis, this method is useful to study molecular mechanisms in cutaneous biology in vitro.

The human skin acts as a first line of defense against the external environment. We present a method for isolating primary human keratinocytes from adult skin. These isolated keratinocytes are useful in numerous experimental setups, and are a highly suitable model for studying molecular mechanisms in cutaneous biology in vitro.

Geração e cultivo de queratinócitos humanos primários da pele de adulto

The main function of keratinocytes is to provide the structural integrity of the epidermis, thereby maintaining a mechanical barrier to the outside world. ...

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell fate determining and maturing factors. We previously set out to define the minimal set of factors necessary for instructing red blood cell development using direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced erythroid progenitors/precursors (iEPs). We showed that overexpression of Gata1, Tal1, Lmo2, and c-Myc (GTLM) can rapidly convert murine and human fibroblasts directly to iEPs that resemble bona fide erythroid cells in terms of morphology, phenotype, and gene expression. We intend that iEPs will provide an invaluable tool to study erythropoiesis and cell fate regulation. Here we describe the stepwise process of converting murine tail tip fibroblasts into iEPs via transcription factor-driven direct lineage reprogramming (DLR). In this example, we perform the reprogramming in fibroblasts from erythroid lineage-tracing mice that express the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under the control of the erythropoietin receptor gene (EpoR) promoter, enabling visualization of erythroid cell fate induction upon reprogramming. Following this protocol, fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into iEPs within five to eight days. 
While improvements can still be made to the process, we show that GTLM-mediated reprogramming is a rapid and direct process, yielding cells with properties of bona fide erythroid progenitor and precursor cells.

Here we present our protocol for producing induced erythroid progenitors (iEPs) from mouse adult fibroblasts using transcription factor-driven direct lineage reprogramming (DLR).

Direto de linhagem reprogramação de fibroblastos de rato adulto de progenitores eritroide

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell ...

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Craniofacial Tissues and Undecalcified Bone

Tissue immunostaining provides highly specific and reliable detection of proteins of interest within a given tissue. Here we describe a complete and simple protocol to detect protein expression during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis using mouse craniofacial tissues as examples. The protocol consists of preparation and cryosectioning of tissues, indirect immunofluorescence, image acquisition, and quantification. In addition, a method for preparation and cryosectioning of undecalcified hard tissues for immunostaining is described, using craniofacial tissues and long bones as examples. Those methods are key to determine the protein expression and morphological/anatomical changes in various tissues during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis. They are also applicable to other tissues with appropriate modifications. Knowledge of the histology and high quality of sections are critical to draw scientific conclusions from experimental outcomes. Potential limitations of this methodology include but are not limited to specificity of antibodies and difficulties of quantification, which are also discussed here.

Here, we present a detailed protocol to detect and quantify protein levels during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis by immunostaining using mouse craniofacial tissues as examples. In addition, we describe a method for preparation and cryosectioning of undecalcified hard tissues from young mice for immunostaining.

Preparo tecidual e imunocoloração de tecidos craniofaciais do camundongo e osso não-descalcificado

Tissue immunostaining provides highly specific and reliable detection of proteins of interest within a given tissue. Here we describe a complete and ...

Dissection, Culture and Analysis of Primary Cranial Neural Crest Cells from Mouse for the Study of Neural Crest Cell Delamination and Migration

Over the past several decades there has been an increased availability of genetically modified mouse models used to mimic human pathologies. However, the ability to study cell movements and differentiation in vivo is still very difficult. Neurocristopathies, or disorders of the neural crest lineage, are particularly challenging to study due to a lack of accessibility of key embryonic stages and the difficulties in separating out the neural crest mesenchyme from adjacent mesodermal mesenchyme. Here, we set out to establish a well-defined, routine protocol for the culture of primary cranial neural crest cells. In our approach we dissect out the mouse neural plate border during the initial neural crest induction stage. The neural plate border region is explanted and cultured. The neural crest cells form in an epithelial sheet surrounding the neural plate border, and by 24 h after explant, begin to delaminate, undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to become fully motile neural crest cells. Due to our two-dimensional culturing approach, the distinct tissue populations (neural plate versus premigratory and migratory neural crest) can be readily distinguished. Using live imaging approaches, we can then identify changes in neural crest induction, EMT and migratory behaviors. The combination of this technique with genetic mutants will be a very powerful approach for understanding normal and pathological neural crest cell biology.

This protocol describes the dissection and culture of cranial neural crest cells from mouse models, primarily for the study of cell migration. We describe the live imaging techniques used and the analysis of speed and cell shape changes.

Dissecção, cultura e análise de células da crista neural craniana primária do mouse para o estudo de delaminação e migração de células de crista neural

Over the past several decades there has been an increased availability of genetically modified mouse models used to mimic human pathologies. However, the ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Mouse Skeletal Muscle Explants

Primary myoblasts are undifferentiated proliferating precursors of skeletal muscle. They can be cultured and studied as muscle precursors or induced to differentiate into later stages of muscle development. The protocol provided here describes a robust method for the isolation and culture of a highly proliferative population of myoblast cells from young adult mouse skeletal muscle explants. These cells are useful for the study of the metabolic properties of skeletal muscle of different mouse models, as well as in other downstream applications such as transfection with exogenous DNA or transduction with viral expression vectors. The level of differentiation and metabolic profile of these cells depends on the length of exposure, and composition of the media used to induce myoblast differentiation. These methods provide a robust system for the study of mouse muscle cell metabolism ex vivo. Importantly, unlike in vivo models, the methods described here provide a cell population that can be expanded and studied with high levels of reproducibility.

Myoblasts are proliferating precursor cells that differentiate to form polynucleated myotubes and eventually skeletal muscle myofibers. Here, we present a protocol for efficient isolation and culture of primary myoblasts from young adult mouse skeletal muscles. The method enables molecular, genetic, and metabolic studies of muscle cells in culture.

Isolamento e diferenciação de Mioblasts primários de explantes do músculo esquelético do rato

Primary myoblasts are undifferentiated proliferating precursors of skeletal muscle. They can be cultured and studied as muscle precursors or induced to ...