Name: generating primary fibroblast cultures from mouse ear and tail tissues
Uploaded: 2016-01-10T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 35 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the NRF grant HUJ-CREATE - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation.

Os ratos foram alojados em condições livres de patógenos em conformidade com as diretrizes institucionais, até a eutanásia (The Animal Care Institucional e Comitê de Uso (IACUC) orientações na Universidade Nacional de Cingapura e do Comité Consultivo Nacional para a Research Laboratory Animal (NACLAR) orientações). 1. Ratos <ol><li> Peça um rato do fundo genético apropriado. Este protocolo baseia-se em tecido derivado de uma C57BL / 6 mouse. </li></ol> 2. Preparação de Meio Completo <ol><li> Prepare meio completo, adicionando as seguintes componentes a Roswell Instituto Memorial Park (RPMI) 1640: 10% de soro fetal de vitelo (FCS), 50 uM de 2-mercaptoetanol, 100 uM asparagina, glutamina 2 mM, solução de penicilina-estreptomicina a 1%. </li></ol> 3. Preparação de soluções enzimáticas <ol><li> Prepare solução de colagenase D em um tubo de fundo cónico de 15 ml. <ol><li> Pesar 10 mg de colagenase D. Dissolve colagenase D em 4 ml de meio completo. </li></ol></li><li> Preparar a solução de pronase num tubo de microcentrífuga de 1,7 ml. <ol><li> Pesar 10 mg de pronase. </li><li> Adiciona-se 5 mL de tampão Tris 1 M (pH 8,0). Adicionar 1 ml de 0,5 M de EDTA (pH 8,0). </li><li> Complete com 494 mL de água estéril. </li><li> Incubar a solução de pronase a 37 ° C num banho de água durante 30 min. </li></ol></li></ol> 4. Preparação de colagenase D-Mix pronase (≤2 Tails) Nota: Execute as etapas subsequentes em uma capa de cultura de células estéril. <ol><li> Adicionar 250 ul de solução de pronase a 4 ml de solução de colagenase D. </li><li> Passe a mistura de colagenase D-pronase através de um filtro de seringa de 0,2 mm em um tubo de 15 ml fundo cônico estéril. </li></ol> 5. Extração de fibroblastos de orelha e da cauda Tecidos <ol><li> Euthanize ratos de acordo com as diretrizes institucionais adequadas.</li><li> Coloque autoclavados instrumentos cirúrgicos (tesouras e pinças) na capa de cultura de célula. </li><li> Adicionar 10 ml de meio completo em dois 10 cm cultura de células pratos cada. </li><li> Cortar orelhas (~ 1 cm de raio) e 5 cm de cauda (a partir da ponta da cauda) de um ratinho com tesouras e incubar durante 5 min em etanol a 40% em 70 ml de um tubo de 50 ml de fundo cónico estéril. </li><li> Orelhas Ar seco e cauda, ​​colocando-os em um aberto 10 centímetros de cultura de células prato na capa por 5 min. Depois secou-se, orelha de transferência e os pedaços de cauda, ​​com duas placas de cultura marcado &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot; contendo 10 ml de meio completo, como descrito na etapa 5.3. </li><li> Remover pêlos das orelhas e da cauda com uma tesoura. </li><li> Cortar orelhas e cauda em pedaços menores que 3 mm de tamanho, usando uma tesoura. </li><li> Transfira os tecidos cortados em 1,8 ml frascos criotubo rotulados &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot; e adicionar solução D-pronase colagenase suficientes para o volume a atingir a marca de 1,8 ml do frasco para injectáveis. </li><li> Pate os frascos criotubo horizontalmente num agitador e agitar as amostras a 200 rpm durante 90 min a 37 ° C. </li><li> Após 90 minutos de incubação, retire os frascos criotubo do agitador e coloque os frascos na capa. </li><li> Adicionar 10 ml de meio completo em duas de 10 cm de cultura de células pratos, identificado como &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot; cada, e colocar um filtro de 70 um celular em cada prato. </li><li> Coloque os tecidos orelha e da cauda digerido no coador 70 um celular nos pratos preparados em conformidade marcados na etapa 5.11 e com força moer os tecidos usando a 10 ml êmbolo da seringa para&gt; 5 min. Agite o filtro de células ocasionalmente a médio e lavar as células fora do filtro de células. </li><li> Pipetar a suspensão de células de cada prato em tubos de 15 ml de fundo dois cônicos rotulados &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot;. Lave o prato e filtro com mais 10 ml de meio completo e adicionar a médio e os apropriados tubos de 15 ml de fundo cónico. </li><li> Girar a célulasuspensão durante 7 minutos a 580 xg ~ e 4 ° C utilizando uma célula de centrífuga refrigerada. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante, adicionar 10 ml de meio completo para a pelete de células em 15 ml de tubos de fundo cónico e ressuspender as células. </li><li> Repita o passo 5.14 e 5.15. </li></ol> 6. Cultura de mistura de células <ol><li> Remover o sobrenadante. Assegure-se que o agregado de células permanece intacta. </li><li> Re-suspender as células em 10 ml de meio completo e adicione a respectiva mistura de dois pratos de cultura de 10 cm de células rotuladas &quot;orelhas&quot; e &quot;cauda&quot;. </li><li> Adicionar 10 ul de solução de anfotericina B (solução de estoque: 250 ug / ml) à cultura. </li><li> Incubar as células a 37 ° C numa atmosfera humidificada com 5% de CO2. </li><li> No terceiro dia, substituir o meio por meio completo fresco contendo 10 ml de 10 ml de anfotericina B para remover os resíduos (Figuras 1 e 2). </li></ol> 7. Sub-cultura de fibroblastos <ol><li> WheN cultura atinge cerca de 70% de confluência (3-4 dias de cultura) remover o meio e lava-se as células com 5 ml de fosfato estéril 1x solução salina tamponada (PBS). </li><li> Remover PBS e adicionar 2 ml de solução tripsina-EDTA 1x estéril para as células. </li><li> Incubam-se as células durante 5 min a 37 ° C numa atmosfera humidificada com 5% de CO2. </li><li> Após 5 min, toque suave da placa de cultura e adicionar 6 mL de meio completo para as células. </li><li> Transferir a suspensão de células para um tubo de fundo cónico de 15 ml e girar o tubo durante 5 minutos a ~ 450 x g e 4 ° C utilizando uma célula de centrífuga refrigerada. </li><li> Remover o sobrenadante e ressuspender cuidadosamente o sedimento celular em 5 ml de meio completo. </li><li> Semente 2 x 10 5 células em uma cultura de células de 10 cm de prato e incubar as células a 37 ° C numa atmosfera humidificada com 5% de CO2 durante 3-4 dias antes de repetir os passos 7.1 a 7,6. </li></ol> 8. Preparação de orelhas para o embarque Nota: Execute tele etapas subseqüentes em uma capa de cultura de células estéril. <ol><li> Euthanize ratos de acordo com as diretrizes institucionais adequadas. </li><li> Coloque tesouras e pinças autoclavado na capa de cultura de célula. </li><li> Adicionar 50 ml de meio completo em um tubo de fundo cónico de 50 ml. </li><li> Corte ouvidos (~ 1 cm de raio) de um rato com uma tesoura. </li><li> Transferir as orelhas para o tubo de 50 ml de fundo cónico (como preparado no passo 3) utilizando fórceps. </li><li> Selar o tubo inferior 50 ml cônico com parafilm antes do envio à temperatura ambiente em uma caixa apropriada. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Fitzpatrick, L. E., McDevitt, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-derived+matrices+for+tissue+engineering+and+regenerative+medicine+applications.">Cell-derived matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.</a> Biomater Sci. 3 (1), 12-24 (2015).</li><li>Elenbaas, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+breast+cancer+cells+generated+by+oncogenic+transformation+of+primary+epithelial+cells.">Human breast cancer cells generated by oncogenic transformation of primary epithelial cells.</a> Genes Dev. 15 (1), 50-65 (2001).</li><li>Stansley, B., Post, J., Hensley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+review+of+cell+culture+systems+for+the+study+of+microglial+biology+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">A comparative review of cell culture systems for the study of microglial biology in Alzheimer's disease.</a> J Neuroinflammation. 9 (1), 115 (2012).</li><li>Lim, J., Dobson, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+transfection+of+HUVEC+and+MEF+cells+using+DNA+complexes+with+magnetic+nanoparticles+in+an+oscillating+field.">Improved transfection of HUVEC and MEF cells using DNA complexes with magnetic nanoparticles in an oscillating field.</a> J Genet. 91 (2), 223-227 (2012).</li><li>Li, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-efficiency+transduction+of+fibroblasts+and+mesenchymal+stem+cells+by+tyrosine-mutant+AAV2+vectors+for+their+potential+use+in+cellular+therapy.">High-efficiency transduction of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells by tyrosine-mutant AAV2 vectors for their potential use in cellular therapy.</a> Hum Gene Ther. 21 (11), 1527-1543 (2010).</li><li>Patel, M., Yang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+reprogramming+somatic+cells+to+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Advances in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Stem Cell Rev. 6 (3), 367-380 (2010).</li><li>Newman, A. C., Nakatsu, M. N., Chou, W., Gershon, P. D., Hughes, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+requirement+for+fibroblasts+in+angiogenesis:+fibroblast-derived+matrix+proteins+are+essential+for+endothelial+cell+luman+formation.">The requirement for fibroblasts in angiogenesis: fibroblast-derived matrix proteins are essential for endothelial cell luman formation.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 22 (20), 3791-3800 (2011).</li><li>Ohlund, D., Elyada, E., Tuveson, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+heterogeneity+in+the+cancer+wound.">Fibroblast heterogeneity in the cancer wound.</a> J Exp Med. 211 (8), 1503-1523 (2014).</li><li>Guo, S., Dipietro, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+affecting+wound+healing.">Factors affecting wound healing.</a> J Dent Res. 89 (3), 219-229 (2010).</li><li>Werner, S., Krieg, T., Smola, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Keratinocyte-fibroblast+interactions+in+wound+healing.">Keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions in wound healing.</a> J Invest Dermatol. 127 (5), 998-1008 (2007).</li><li>Shen, Y. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-derived+cytosolic+DNA+mediates+type+I+interferon-dependent+rejection+of+B+cell+lymphoma+cells.">Genome-derived cytosolic DNA mediates type I interferon-dependent rejection of B cell lymphoma cells.</a> Cell Rep. 11 (3), 460-473 (2015).</li><li>Seluanov, A., Vaidya, A., Gorbunova, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishing+primary+adult+fibroblast+cultures+from+rodents.">Establishing primary adult fibroblast cultures from rodents.</a> J Vis Exp. (44), (2010).</li><li>Baglole, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+phenotypic+characterization+of+lung+fibroblasts.">Isolation and phenotypic characterization of lung fibroblasts.</a> Methods Mol Med. 117, 115-127 (2005).</li><li>Alt, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblasts+share+mesenchymal+phenotypes+with+stem+cells,+but+lack+their+differentiation+and+colony-forming+potential.">Fibroblasts share mesenchymal phenotypes with stem cells, but lack their differentiation and colony-forming potential.</a> Biol Cell. 103 (4), 197-208 (2011).</li><li>Kuilman, T., Michaloglou, C., Mooi, W. J., Peeper, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+essence+of+senescence.">The essence of senescence.</a> Genes Dev. 24 (22), 2463-2479 (2010).</li><li>Lander, M. R., Moll, B., Rowe, W. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+procedure+for+culture+of+cells+from+mouse+tail+biopsies:+brief+communication.">A procedure for culture of cells from mouse tail biopsies: brief communication.</a> J Natl Cancer Inst. 60 (2), 477-478 (1978).</li><li>Moore, C. B., Allen, I. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+ear+fibroblast+derivation+from+mice.">Primary ear fibroblast derivation from mice.</a> Methods Mol Biol. (1031), 65-70 (2013).</li><li>Liu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+stable+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+NOD+mouse+tail-tip+fibroblasts.">Generation of stable pluripotent stem cells from NOD mouse tail-tip fibroblasts.</a> Diabetes. 60 (5), 1393-1398 (2011).</li></ol>

The authors declare no conflict of financial interests.

Aqui nós fornecemos um procedimento experimental simples, barato e rápido para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos primários de orelhas e rabos de ratos. A extracção deve resultar em fibroblastos aderentes dividem rapidamente e dentro de 3 dias após o isolamento do tecido. Uma importante limitação de pilhas é senescência, uma parada do crescimento permanente 15. Usando o protocolo, culturas de fibroblastos podem ser passadas durante 5 a 6 vezes antes de se tornar fibroblastos senescentes, indicado ...

As células primárias são derivadas a partir de tecido vivo e cultivadas sob condições in vitro. Geralmente assume-se que as células primárias mais se assemelham ao estado fisiológico e o fundo genético do tecido a partir do qual foram produzidos de linhas de células imortalizadas ou de tumor 1. Por essa razão, as células primárias representam um modelo útil para o estudo biológico perguntas 2,3. No entanto, ao contrário de linhas celulares estabelecidas que crescem indefinidamente, células primárias, eventualmente, submetidos a senescência em cultura e têm de ser frequentemente restabelecida. Células primárias vulgarmente utilizados incluem fibroblastos, células epiteliais, células endoteliais, células T, células B, macrófagos derivados de medula óssea (BMDM) e células dendríticas derivadas de medula óssea (BMDC). Os fibroblastos são muitas vezes utilizadas como modelo de cultura celular primária. Eles oferecem vantagens sobre outras células primárias. As culturas celulares são facilmente estabelecida, facilmente mantido e não necessitam de purificação de células antes da cultura. Eles têm proliferação inicial rápida e sem exigência de protocolos de médio ou de activação especializados. Os fibroblastos podem ser eficientemente transfectadas utilizando protocolos físicos 4,5 biológicas, químicas, e. Existe uma possibilidade de armazenar as orelhas para até 10 dias à TA antes de estabelecer culturas de células. Culturas de fibroblastos são propícias para visualização de processos citoplasmáticos e adequado para reprogramação em tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPS) células 6. Os fibroblastos são importantes células do tecido conjuntivo que segregam proteínas de colagénio e na matriz extracelular 7. Eles fornecem o quadro estrutural em muitos tecidos e 8 desempenham um papel essencial na cicatrização de feridas e reparação de tecidos 9,10. Aqui, descrevemos um (&lt;4 h) protocolo simples e rápida para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos de orelhas e rabos de ratos 11. O protocolo exige rato mínimaexperiência para colher os tecidos (em contraste com outros protocolos 12,13) ​​e pode ser utilizado para estabelecer culturas de orelhas armazenados em meio à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias.

<table><tbody><tr><td>RPMI-1640</td><td>HyClone</td><td>SH30027.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Calf Serum</td><td>HyClone</td><td>SV30160.03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-mercaptoethanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M3148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Asparagine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A4159</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G8540</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td><td>HyClone</td><td>SV30010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>107017</td><td>Absolute for analysis</td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase D</td><td>Roche Diagnostics</td><td>11088866001</td><td>From &lt;em&gt;Clostridium histolyticum&lt;/em&gt;, lyophilized, non-sterile</td></tr><tr><td>Pronase protease</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>53702</td><td>From &lt;em&gt;Streptomyces griseus&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Tris buffer (pH 8)</td><td>1st BASE</td><td>1415</td><td>Ultra pure grade</td></tr><tr><td>0.5M EDTA (pH 8)</td><td>1st BASE</td><td>BUF-1053</td><td>Biotechnology grade</td></tr><tr><td>10X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td><td>1st BASE</td><td>BUF-2040-10X4L</td><td>Ultra pure grade</td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin-EDTA solution 10X</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>59418C-100ML</td><td>0.5% trypsin, 0.2% EDTA, trypsin gamma irradiated by SER-TAIN process, without phenol red, in saline</td></tr><tr><td>Amphotericin B</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A2492-20ml</td><td>250 &amp;mu;g/ml in deionized water, sterile-filtered</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td>Aesculap</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forcep</td><td>Aesculap</td><td>AE-BD312R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;mu;M syringe filter</td><td>Sartorius Stedim</td><td>16534</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70 &amp;mu;M cell strainer</td><td>SPL</td><td>93070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe plunger</td><td>Terumo</td><td>SS+10L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cryovial tube</td><td>NUNC</td><td>368362</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.7 ml microcentrifuge tube</td><td>Axygen</td><td>MCT-175-C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 cm cell culture dish</td><td>Greiner</td><td>664160</td><td>Cell culture treated dish&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>15 ml conical bottom tube</td><td>Greiner</td><td>188271</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 ml conical bottom tube</td><td>Greiner</td><td>227261</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water bath</td><td>GFL</td><td>1002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5810R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Incubation shaker</td><td>Sartorius Stedim</td><td></td><td>Certomat-BS1</td></tr><tr><td>Zeiss Axiovert 25 light microscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss AG</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

generating primary fibroblast cultures from mouse ear and tail tissues

As células primárias são derivadas directamente a partir de tecidos e pensa-se ser mais representativo do estado fisiológico das células in vivo do que as linhas de células estabelecidas. No entanto, as culturas de células primárias geralmente têm um tempo de vida finito e precisa de ser frequentemente restabelecida. Os fibroblastos são uma fonte facilmente acessível de células primárias. Aqui, discutimos um procedimento experimental simples e rápida para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos primários de orelhas e rabos de ratos. O protocolo pode ser utilizado para estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos primários de espigas de armazenados à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias. Quando o protocolo seguido é cuidadosamente, as contaminações não são susceptíveis de ocorrer, apesar da utilização de tecido não-estéril armazenada por tempo prolongado, em alguns casos. Os fibroblastos proliferam rapidamente em cultura e pode ser expandido para um número substancial antes de se submeter a senescência replicativa.

Extracção de fibroblastos a partir de resultados de tecidos em uma quantidade significativa de restos de tecido (Figura 1). Em contraste com os restos de tecido, fibroblastos de tecidos aderir às superfícies de cultura de plástico entre o dia 1 e 3 de cultura. O meio de cultura de fibroblastos pode ser alterado de forma segura no dia 3 de cultura, o qual deve diminuir significativamente os níveis de detritos presentes na cultura (Figura 2). Fibroblastos exibir uma morfologia along...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues at JoVE.com

Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Nós descrevemos um procedimento experimental simples e rápida para a geração de fibroblastos primários dos ouvidos e caudas de camundongos. O processo não requer a formação especial animal e pode ser utilizado para a geração de culturas de fibroblastos de espigas de armazenados à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias.

Culturas de geração primária de fibroblastos de rato orelha e da cauda Tecidos

Primary cells are derived directly from tissue and are thought to be more representative of the physiological state of cells in vivo than established cell ...

generating-primary-fibroblast-cultures-from-mouse-ear-and-tail-tissues

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

33.8K visualizações.  Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.  Nós descrevemos um procedimento experimental simples e rápida para a geração de fibroblastos primários dos ouvidos e caudas de camundongos. O processo não requer a formação especial animal e pode ser utilizado para a geração de culturas de fibroblastos de espigas de armazenados à temperatura ambiente durante até 10 dias. 

Vídeo: Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Improved Generation of Induced Cardiomyocytes Using a Polycistronic Construct Expressing Optimal Ratio of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5

Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering alternative strategies for treatment of heart disease. This conversion has been achieved by forced expression of defined factors such as Gata4 (G), Mef2c (M) and Tbx5 (T). Traditionally, iCMs are generated by a cocktail of viruses expressing these individual factors. However, reprogramming efficiency is relatively low and most of the in vitro G,M,T-transduced fibroblasts do not become fully reprogrammed, making it difficult to study the reprogramming mechanisms. We recently have shown that the stoichiometry of G,M,T is crucial for efficient iCM reprogramming. An optimal stoichiometry of G,M,T with relative high level of M and low levels of G and T achieved by using our polycistronic MGT vector (hereafter referred to as MGT) significantly increased reprogramming efficiency and improved iCM quality in vitro. Here we provide a detailed description of the methodology used to generate iCMs with MGT construct from cardiac fibroblasts. Isolation of cardiac fibroblasts, generation of virus for reprogramming and evaluation of the reprogramming process are also included to provide a platform for efficient and reproducible generation of iCMs.

We describe here a protocol for the generation of iCMs using retrovirus-mediated delivery of Gata4, Tbx5 and Mef2c in a polycistronic construct. This protocol yields a relatively homogeneous population of reprogrammed cells with improved efficiency and quality and is valuable for future studies of iCM reprogramming.

Melhoria Geração de Induced Cardiomyocytes utilizando uma construção policistrónico Expressando proporção ideal de GATA4, MEF2C e Tbx5

Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering alternative ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Rapid Generation of Primary Murine Melanocyte and Fibroblast Cultures

Defects in fibroblast or melanocyte function are associated with skin diseases, including poor barrier function, defective wound healing, pigmentation defects and cancer. Vital to the understanding and amelioration of these diseases are experiments in primary fibroblast and melanocyte cultures. Nevertheless, current protocols for melanocyte isolation require that the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin are trypsinized and manually disassociated. This process is time consuming, technically challenging and contributes to inconsistent yields. Furthermore, methods to simultaneously generate pure fibroblast cultures from the same tissue sample are not readily available. Here, we describe an improved protocol for isolating melanocytes and fibroblasts from the skin of mice on postnatal days 0-4. In this protocol, whole skin is mechanically homogenized using a tissue chopper and then briefly digested with collagenase and trypsin. Cell populations are then isolated through selective plating followed by G418 treatment. This procedure results in consistent melanocyte and fibroblast yields from a single mouse in less than 90 min. This protocol is also easily scalable, allowing researchers to process large cohorts of animals without a significant increase in hands-on time. We show through flow cytometric assessments that cultures established using this protocol are highly enriched for melanocytes or fibroblasts.

This protocol outlines a rapid method to simultaneously generate melanocyte and fibroblast cultures from the skin of 0-4 day old mice. These primary cultures can be maintained and manipulated in vitro to study a variety of physiologically relevant processes, including skin cell biology, pigmentation, wound healing and melanoma.

Geração rápida de culturas de melanócitos e fibroblastos de Murina primária

Defects in fibroblast or melanocyte function are associated with skin diseases, including poor barrier function, defective wound healing, pigmentation ...

Pesquisa do câncer

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. The current protocol presents an efficient and reproducible strategy in which functional tissue engineered vessel grafts can be generated using partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) from human fibroblasts. We designed a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor, which closely mimics the matrix protein structure and blood flow that exists within a native vessel, for seeding of PiPSC-endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells prior to grafting into mice. This approach was demonstrated to be advantageous because immune-deficient mice engrafted with the PiPSC-derived grafts presented with markedly increased survival rate 3 weeks after surgery. This protocol represents a valuable tool for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and potentially patient-specific cell-therapy in the near future.

Here, we present a protocol to generate tissue engineered vessel grafts that are functional for grafting into mice by double seeding partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) - derived smooth muscle cells and PiPSC - derived endothelial cells on a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor.

Geração e Alongamento das embarcações da engenharia de tecidos em um modelo de rato

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

Bioengenharia

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell fate determining and maturing factors. We previously set out to define the minimal set of factors necessary for instructing red blood cell development using direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced erythroid progenitors/precursors (iEPs). We showed that overexpression of Gata1, Tal1, Lmo2, and c-Myc (GTLM) can rapidly convert murine and human fibroblasts directly to iEPs that resemble bona fide erythroid cells in terms of morphology, phenotype, and gene expression. We intend that iEPs will provide an invaluable tool to study erythropoiesis and cell fate regulation. Here we describe the stepwise process of converting murine tail tip fibroblasts into iEPs via transcription factor-driven direct lineage reprogramming (DLR). In this example, we perform the reprogramming in fibroblasts from erythroid lineage-tracing mice that express the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under the control of the erythropoietin receptor gene (EpoR) promoter, enabling visualization of erythroid cell fate induction upon reprogramming. Following this protocol, fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into iEPs within five to eight days. 
While improvements can still be made to the process, we show that GTLM-mediated reprogramming is a rapid and direct process, yielding cells with properties of bona fide erythroid progenitor and precursor cells.

Here we present our protocol for producing induced erythroid progenitors (iEPs) from mouse adult fibroblasts using transcription factor-driven direct lineage reprogramming (DLR).

Direto de linhagem reprogramação de fibroblastos de rato adulto de progenitores eritroide

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell ...

Generation of ESC-derived Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells Using Decellularized Lung Scaffolds

Lung lineage differentiation requires integration of complex environmental cues that include growth factor signaling, cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions. Due to this complexity, recapitulation of lung development in vitro to promote differentiation of stem cells to lung epithelial cells has been challenging. In this protocol, decellularized lung scaffolds are used to mimic the 3-dimensional environment of the lung and generate stem cell-derived airway epithelial cells. Mouse embryonic stem cell are first differentiated to the endoderm lineage using an embryoid body (EB) culture method with activin A. Endoderm cells are then seeded onto decellularized scaffolds and cultured at air-liquid interface for up to 21 days. This technique promotes differentiation of seeded cells to functional airway epithelial cells (ciliated cells, club cells, and basal cells) without additional growth factor supplementation. This culture setup is defined, serum-free, inexpensive, and reproducible. Although there is limited contamination from non-lung endoderm lineages in culture, this protocol only generates airway epithelial populations and does not give rise to alveolar epithelial cells. Airway epithelia generated with this protocol can be used to study cell-matrix interactions during lung organogenesis and for disease modeling or drug-discovery platforms of airway-related pathologies such as cystic fibrosis.

This protocol efficiently directs mouse embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm to mature airway epithelial cells. This differentiation technique uses 3-dimensional decellularized lung scaffolds to direct lung lineage specification, in a defined, serum-free culture setting.

Geração de células de camundongo Airway epiteliais derivados de ESC Usando descelularizado Lung Scaffolds

Lung lineage differentiation requires integration of complex environmental cues that include growth factor signaling, cell-cell interactions and ...

Establishing Primary Adult Fibroblast Cultures From Rodents

The importance of using primary cells, rather than cancer cell lines, for biological studies is becoming widely recognized. Primary cells are preferred in studies of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and DNA repair, as cancer cells carry mutations in genes involved in these processes. Primary cells cannot be cultured indefinitely due to the onset of replicative senescence or aneuploidization. Hence, new cultures need to be established regularly. The procedure for isolation of rodent embryonic fibroblasts is well established, but isolating adult fibroblast cultures often presents a challenge. Adult rodent fibroblasts isolated from mouse models of human disease may be a preferred control when comparing them to fibroblasts from human patients. Furthermore, adult fibroblasts are the only available material when working with wild rodents where pregnant females cannot be easily obtained. Here we provide a protocol for isolation and culture of adult fibroblasts from rodent skin and lungs. We used this procedure successfully to isolate fibroblasts from over twenty rodent species from laboratory mice and rats to wild rodents such as beaver, porcupine, and squirrel.

This article describes a protocol for isolation and maintenance of primary fibroblast cultures from skin and lung tissue of wild rodents.

Estabelecer culturas de fibroblastos adultos primária de roedores

The importance of using primary cells, rather than cancer cell lines, for biological studies is becoming widely recognized.  Primary cells are preferred ...

Biologia

Preparation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Suitable for Culturing Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it is not easy to establish an effective system for culturing these cells. Since the culture conditions can influence gene expression that confers pluripotency in hESCs and hiPSCs, the optimization and standardization of the culture method is crucial.
The establishment of hESC lines was first described by using MEFs as feeder cells and fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing culture medium2. Next, FBS was replaced with knockout serum replacement (KSR) and FGF2, which enhances proliferation of hESCs3. Finally, feeder-free culture systems enable culturing cells on Matrigel-coated plates in KSR-containing conditioned medium (medium conditioned by MEFs)4. Subsequently, hESCs culture conditions have moved towards feeder-free culture in chemically defined conditions5-7. Moreover, to avoid the potential contamination by pathogens and animal proteins culture methods using xeno-free components have been established8.
To obtain improved conditions mouse feeder cells have been replaced with human cell lines (e.g. fetal muscle and skin cells9, adult skin cells10, foreskin fibroblasts11-12, amniotic mesenchymal cells13). However, the efficiency of maintaining undifferentiated hESCs using human foreskin fibroblast-derived feeder layers is not as high as that from mouse feeder cells due to the lower level of secretion of Activin A14. Obviously, there is an evident difference in growth factor production by mouse and human feeder cells.
Analyses of the transcriptomes of mouse and human feeder cells revealed significant differences between supportive and non-supportive cells. Exogenous FGF2 is crucial for maintaining self-renewal of hESCs and hiPSCs, and has been identified as a key factor regulating the expression of Tgf&beta;1, Activin A and Gremlin (a BMP antagonist) in feeder cells. Activin A has been shown to induce the expression of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in hESCs15-16.
For long-term culture, hESCs and hiPSCs can be grown on mitotically inactivated MEFs or under feeder-free conditions in MEF-CM (MEF-Conditioned Medium) on Matrigel-coated plates to maintain their undifferentiated state. Success of both culture conditions fully depends on the quality of the feeder cells, since they directly affect the growth of hESCs.
Here, we present an optimized method for the isolation and culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), preparation of conditioned medium (CM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the levels of Activin A within the media.

The quality of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is dictated by the right strain of mouse such as CF-1. Pluripotency-supportive MEFs and conditioned media (CM) obtained from these should contain optimal concentrations of Activin A, Gremlin and Tgf&beta;1 needed for the Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways to co-operatively maintain self-renewal and pluripotency.

Preparação de células embrionárias de camundongos Fibroblastos adequados para a cultura de células-tronco embrionárias humanas e pluripotentes induzidas

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it ...

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also produce a source of patient-matched cells for regenerative therapies. iPSCs may be generated using multiple protocols and derived from multiple cell sources. Once generated, iPSCs are tested using a variety of assays including immunostaining for pluripotency markers, generation of three germ layers in embryoid bodies and teratomas, comparisons of gene expression with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and production of chimeric mice with or without germline contribution2. Importantly, iPSC lines that pass these tests still vary in their capacity to produce different differentiated cell types2. This has made it difficult to establish which iPSC derivation protocols, donor cell sources or selection methods are most useful for different applications.
The most stringent test of whether a stem cell line has sufficient developmental potential to generate all tissues required for survival of an organism (termed full pluripotency) is tetraploid embryo complementation (TEC)3-5. Technically, TEC involves electrofusion of two-cell embryos to generate tetraploid (4n) one-cell embryos that can be cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage6. Diploid (2n) pluripotent stem cells (e.g. ESCs or iPSCs) are then injected into the blastocoel cavity of the tetraploid blastocyst and transferred to a recipient female for gestation (see Figure 1). The tetraploid component of the complemented embryo contributes almost exclusively to the extraembryonic tissues (placenta, yolk sac), whereas the diploid cells constitute the embryo proper, resulting in a fetus derived entirely from the injected stem cell line.
Recently, we reported the derivation of iPSC lines that reproducibly generate adult mice via TEC1. These iPSC lines give rise to viable pups with efficiencies of 5-13%, which is comparable to ESCs3,4,7 and higher than that reported for most other iPSC lines8-12. These reports show that direct reprogramming can produce fully pluripotent iPSCs that match ESCs in their developmental potential and efficiency of generating pups in TEC tests. At present, it is not clear what distinguishes between fully pluripotent iPSCs and less potent lines13-15. Nor is it clear which reprogramming methods will produce these lines with the highest efficiency. Here we describe one method that produces fully pluripotent iPSCs and "all- iPSC" mice, which may be helpful for investigators wishing to compare the pluripotency of iPSC lines or establish the equivalence of different reprogramming methods.

Generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines produces lines of differing developmental potential even when they pass standard tests for pluripotency. Here we describe a protocol to produce mice derived entirely from iPSCs, which defines the iPSC lines as possessing full pluripotency1.

Geração de camundongos derivadas de células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Fibroblast Derived Human Engineered Connective Tissue for Screening Applications

Fibroblasts are phenotypically highly dynamic cells, which quickly transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in response to biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. The current understanding of fibrotic processes, including cardiac fibrosis, remains poor, which hampers the development of new anti-fibrotic therapies. Controllable and reliable human model systems are crucial for a better understanding of fibrosis pathology. This is a highly reproducible and scalable protocol to generate engineered connective tissues (ECT) in a 48-well casting plate to facilitate studies of fibroblasts and the pathophysiology of fibrotic tissue in a 3-dimensional (3D) environment. ECT are generated around the poles with tunable stiffness, allowing for studies under a defined biomechanical load. Under the defined loading conditions, phenotypic adaptations controlled by cell-matrix interactions can be studied. Parallel testing is feasible in the 48-well format with the opportunity for the time-course analysis of multiple parameters, such as tissue compaction and contraction against the load. From these parameters, biomechanical properties such as tissue stiffness and elasticity can be studied.

Presented here is a protocol to generate engineered connective tissues for a parallel culture of 48 tissues in a multi-well plate with double poles, suitable for mechanistic studies, disease modeling, and screening applications. The protocol is compatible with fibroblasts from different organs and species and is exemplified here with human primary cardiac fibroblasts.

Tecido conjuntivo de engenharia humana derivada do fibroblasto para aplicações de triagem

Fibroblasts are phenotypically highly dynamic cells, which quickly transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in response to biochemical and biomechanical ...

Ultrasonic-augmented Primary Adult Fibroblast Isolation

Primary adult fibroblasts have become an important tool to study fibrosis, fibroblast interactions and inflammation in all body tissues. Since primary fibroblasts cannot divide indefinitely due to myofibroblast differentiation or senescence induction, new cultures must be established regularly. However, there are several obstacles to overcome during the processes of developing a reliable isolation protocol and primary fibroblast isolation itself: the method&#8217;s degree of difficulty (especially for beginners), the risk of bacterial contamination, the required time until primary fibroblasts can be used for experiments, and subsequent cell quality and viability. In this study, a fast, reliable and easy-to-learn protocol to isolate and culture primary adult fibroblasts from mouse heart, lung, liver and kidney combining enzymatic digestion and ultrasonic agitation is provided.

We present a protocol to isolate primary adult fibroblasts in an easy, fast and reliable way, performable by beginners (e.g., students). The procedure combines enzymatic tissue digestion and mechanical agitation with ultrasonic waves to obtain primary fibroblasts. The protocol can easily be adapted to specific experimental requirements (e.g., human tissue).

Isolação adulta preliminar ultra-som-aumentada do fibroblasto

Primary adult fibroblasts have become an important tool to study fibrosis, fibroblast interactions and inflammation in all body tissues. Since primary ...