Name: generating primary fibroblast cultures from mouse ear and tail tissues
Uploaded: 2016-01-10T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 35 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the NRF grant HUJ-CREATE - Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation.

Fareler euthanization kadar kurumsal rehberlere (Kurumsal Hayvan Bakımı ve Kullanımı Komitesi (IACUC) kılavuzların Singapur Ulusal Üniversitesi ve Laboratuar Hayvan Araştırmaları Ulusal Danışma Komitesi (NACLAR) kurallar) ile uyumlu patojen içermeyen koşullar yerleştirildiler. 1. Fare <ol><li> Uygun genetik arka plan bir fare sipariş edin. Bu protokol, tek bir C57BL / 6 fareden alınmış dokuda dayanır. </li></ol> Tam Orta 2. Hazırlık <ol><li> % 10 fetal buzağı serumu (FCS), 50 uM 2-merkaptoetanol, 100 uM asparagin, 2 mM glutamin,% 1 penisilin-streptomisin solüsyonu: Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 ortamı aşağıdaki bileşenlerin eklenmesiyle tam orta hazırlayın. </li></ol> Enzim Çözümleri 3. Hazırlık <ol><li> 15 ml konik alt tüp içinde kollajenaz D çözeltisi hazırlayın. <ol><li> Kollajenaz D. Di 10 mg tartılır4 ml ssolve kolajenaz D komple ortam. </li></ol></li><li> 1.7 ml mikrosantrifüj tüpü içinde Pronaz çözelti hazırlayın. <ol><li> Pronaz 10 mg tartılır. </li><li> 1 M Tris tamponu (pH 8.0) 5 ul ekleyin. 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0) 1 ul ekleyin. </li><li> Steril su 494 ul ile doldurun. </li><li> 30 dakika için bir su banyosu içinde 37 ° C &#39;de Pronaz çözelti inkübe edin. </li></ol></li></ol> Kollajenaz D-Pronase Mix (≤2 kuyrukları) 4. hazırlanması Not: Steril bir hücre kültürü kaputu sonraki adımları gerçekleştirin. <ol><li> Kolajenaz D solüsyonu 4 ml Pronaz çözeltisi 250 ul ekle. </li><li> Steril bir 15 ml&#39;lik konik tabanlı tüp içine 0.2 mikron bir şırınga filtreden geçirilmiştir kolajenaz D-Pronaz karışımı geçirin. </li></ol> Kulak ve Kuyruk Dokular Fibroblast 5. Ekstraksiyon <ol><li> Uygun kurumsal kurallarına göre fareler Euthanize.</li><li> Hücre kültürü kaputu otoklava cerrahi aletler (makas ve forseps) yerleştirin. </li><li> Iki adet 10 cm hücre kültür tabaklarında her birine 10 ml tam orta ekleyin. </li><li> Kulakları (yaklaşık 1 cm çapında) ve makasla bir fare (kuyruk ucundan) kuyruk 5 cm kesin ve steril bir 50 ml konik bir tüp içinde 40 taban 70 ml etanol içinde% 5 dakika boyunca inkübe edin. </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca kaputu açık 10 cm hücre kültürü çanak yerleştirerek hava kuru kulakları ve kuyruğu. Bir kez aşama 5,3 de tarif edildiği gibi aktarım kulak ve iki kültür tabaklarına kuyruk parçaları &quot;kulaklar&quot; ve 10 ml komple ortam içeren &quot;kuyruk&quot; etiketli, kurutulmuştur. </li><li> Kulakları ve kuyruğu kullanarak makas saç çıkarın. </li><li> Makas kullanılarak boyutu 3 mm&#39;den küçük parçalar halinde kulakları ve kuyruğu kesti. </li><li> &quot;Kulakları&quot; ve &quot;kuyruk&quot; etiketli 1.8 ml cryotube viyallere kesilmiş dokuları aktarın ve flakon 1.8 ml işaretine ulaşmak için hacim için yeterli kollajenaz D-Pronase çözüm ekleyin. </li><li> Pbir çalkalayıcı üzerinde yatay olarak cryotube şişeleri dantel ve 37 ° C &#39;de 90 dakika boyunca 200 rpm&#39;de örnekleri sallayın. </li><li> 90 dakika inkübasyondan sonra, çalkalayıcı gelen cryotube şişeleri kaldırmak ve kaputu şişeleri yerleştirin. </li><li> İki 10 cm hücre kültürü yemekleri, etiketli &quot;kulaklar&quot; ve &quot;kuyruk&quot; her birine 10 ml tam orta ekleyin ve her yemeğin içinde 70 mikron hücre süzgeç koyun. </li><li> &gt; 5 dakika boyunca 10 ml şırınga pistonu kullanarak dokuları eziyet zorla aşama 5.11 hazırlanan buna göre etiketlenmiş yemekleri 70 mikron hücre süzgecinden sindirilmiş kulak ve kuyruk dokuları yerleştirin ve. Hücre süzgecinden dışına hücreleri yıkamak için orta bazen hücre süzgeç sallayın. </li><li> &quot;Kulaklar&quot; ve &quot;kuyruk&quot; etiketli iki 15 ml konik alt tüpleri içine her yemeğin hücre süspansiyonu pipetle. Ek 10 ml tam orta çanak ve süzgeci yıkayın ve uygun 15 ml konik alt tüplerine orta ekleyin. </li><li> Hücreyi Spin~ 580 xg 7 dakika ve bir buzdolabında hücre santrifüj kullanılarak 4 ° C süspansiyon. </li><li> Süpernatantı 15 ml konik alt tüp hücre pelet 10 ml tam orta ekleyin ve hücreleri tekrar süspansiyon. </li><li> Adımı yineleyin 5.14 ve 5.15. </li></ol> Hücre Karışımı 6. Kültürleme <ol><li> Süpernatantı. Hücre topağı kesintisiz olmasını sağlamak. </li><li> 10 ml hücreleri tam orta yeniden askıya ve &quot;kulaklar&quot; ve &quot;kuyruk&quot; etiketli iki 10 cm hücre kültürü yemekleri için ilgili karışımı ekleyin. </li><li> Kültür: 10 ul amfoterisin B çözeltisi (250 mg / ml stok çözelti) eklenir. </li><li> Nemlendirilmiş bir% 5 CO2 inkübatörde 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe hücreleri. </li><li> Üçüncü gün, 10 mi taze tamamlanmış artığın ayrılması için amfoterisin B için 10 ul ihtiva eden ortam (Şekil 1 ve 2) ile orta değiştirin. </li></ol> Fibroblast 7. Alt kültür <ol><li> When kültürü yaklaşık% 70 ortak akışkanlığa (günlük kültür 3-4) orta kaldırmak ve 5 ml steril 1 x fosfat tamponlu tuzlu su (PBS) ile yıkama hücreleri ulaşır. </li><li> PBS çıkarın ve hücreleri 2 ml steril 1 x tripsin-EDTA çözeltisi ilave edilir. </li><li> Nemlendirilmiş bir% 5 CO2 inkübatöründe 37 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca inkübe hücreleri. </li><li> 5 dakika sonra, yavaşça kültürü çanak dokunun ve hücrelere 6 ml tam orta ekleyin. </li><li> 15 ml konik bir alt tüp hücre süspansiyonu aktarın ve soğutulmuş bir hücre santrifüj kullanılarak ~ 450 xg ve 4 ° C&#39;de 5 dakika boyunca tüp spin. </li><li> Süpernatantı ve yavaşça 5 ml tam orta hücre pelet yeniden askıya. </li><li> 10 cm hücre kültür kaplarına Tohum 2 x 10 5 hücre ve 7.6 arasındaki adımları 7.1 tekrarlamadan önce 3-4 gün boyunca nemlendirilmiş bir% 5 CO2 inkübatörde 37 ° C&#39;de inkübe hücreleri. </li></ol> Gönderi için Kulaklar 8. Hazırlık Not: t gerçekleştirO steril hücre kültürü kaputu sonraki adım. <ol><li> Uygun kurumsal kurallarına göre fareler Euthanize. </li><li> Hücre kültürü kaputu içine otoklava makas ve forseps yerleştirin. </li><li> 50 ml&#39;lik konik tabanlı tüp içine 50 mL tam orta ekleyin. </li><li> Makasla bir fare kulakları (~ 1 cm çapında) kesin. </li><li> Forseps kullanarak (aşama 3&#39;te hazırlanan gibi) 50 ml konik taban tüpü içine kulaklar aktarın. </li><li> Uygun bir kutuda oda sıcaklığında göndermeden önce parafilm 50 ml konik alt tüp Seal. </li></ol>

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The authors declare no conflict of financial interests.

Burada kulakları ve farelerin kuyrukları primer fibroblast kültürleri kurmak için, basit, ucuz ve hızlı bir deneysel prosedür sağlar. Ekstraksiyon doku 3 gün sonra izole olan yapışık ve hızlı bölünen fibroblastlar ile sonuçlanmalıdır. Primer hücrelerin önemli bir sınırlama yaşlanması, kalıcı bir büyüme tutuklama 15&#39;dir. Fibroblastlar yaşlanmış hale gelmeden önce protokolü kullanarak, fibroblast kültürleri boyutu (3/2 katı artış) ve genişletmek için başarısızlı...

Birincil hücreler, in vitro koşullarda doku ve kültüre canlı elde edilir. Genellikle birincil hücreler daha yakından fizyolojik durumu ve ölümsüzleştirilmiş veya tümör hücre çizgileri 1 den kaynaklandığı doku genetik yapısının benzer olduğu varsayılır. Bu nedenle, birincil hücreler biyolojik sorular 2,3 eğitimi için yararlı bir model oluşturmaktadır. Ancak, sonsuza kadar büyümesine kurulan hücre hatları aksine, birincil hücreler sonunda kültürdeki yaşlanmayı geçmesi ve sık sık yeniden oluşturulması gerekmektedir. Yaygın olarak kullanılan birincil hücreler, fibroblastlar, epitel hücreleri, endoteliyel hücreler, T hücreleri, B hücreleri, kemik iliği türevli makrofajlar (BMDM) ve kemik iliği türevli dendritik hücreleri (BMDC) içerir. Fibroblastlar, genellikle birincil hücre kültürü modeli olarak kullanılır. Onlar diğer birincil hücreler üzerinde önemli avantajlar sunuyoruz. Hücre kültürleri kolayca kolayca muhafaza kurulmuş ve hiçbir purifica gerektirirkültür öncesi hücrelerin tion. Onlar, hızlı başlangıç ​​çoğalması ve uzman, orta veya aktivasyon protokolleri için hiçbir şartı var. Fibroblastlar verimli biyolojik, kimyasal ve fiziksel protokolleri 4,5 ile transfekte edilebilir. Hücre kültürleri kurulmadan önce oda sıcaklığında en fazla 10 gün süreyle kulaklarını saklamak için bir olasılık var. Fibroblast kültürleri sitoplazmik süreçlerin görselleştirme için elverişli ve uyarılmış pluripotent kök (iPS) hücrelerden 6 içine yeniden programlanması için uygundur. Fibroblastlar kollajen proteinleri ve hücre dışı matriks 7 salgılayan bağ dokusunun önemli hücreleridir. Bunlar birçok dokuda 8 yapısal çerçeve sağlar ve yara iyileşmesi ve doku onarımı, 9,10 önemli bir rol oynar. Burada, biz fibroblast kulaklar kültür ve farelerin 11 kuyrukları kurmak için basit ve hızlı bir (&lt;4 saat) protokol açıklar. Protokol minimal fare gerektirirdeneyimi (diğer protokollere 12,13 aksine) dokular hasat ve 10 gün oda sıcaklığında ortamında saklanır kulak kültürleri oluşturmak için de kullanılabilir.

<table><tbody><tr><td>RPMI-1640</td><td>HyClone</td><td>SH30027.01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Calf Serum</td><td>HyClone</td><td>SV30160.03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-mercaptoethanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M3148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Asparagine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A4159</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutamine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G8540</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td><td>HyClone</td><td>SV30010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>107017</td><td>Absolute for analysis</td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase D</td><td>Roche Diagnostics</td><td>11088866001</td><td>From &lt;em&gt;Clostridium histolyticum&lt;/em&gt;, lyophilized, non-sterile</td></tr><tr><td>Pronase protease</td><td>Merck Millipore</td><td>53702</td><td>From &lt;em&gt;Streptomyces griseus&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Tris buffer (pH 8)</td><td>1st BASE</td><td>1415</td><td>Ultra pure grade</td></tr><tr><td>0.5M EDTA (pH 8)</td><td>1st BASE</td><td>BUF-1053</td><td>Biotechnology grade</td></tr><tr><td>10X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td><td>1st BASE</td><td>BUF-2040-10X4L</td><td>Ultra pure grade</td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin-EDTA solution 10X</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>59418C-100ML</td><td>0.5% trypsin, 0.2% EDTA, trypsin gamma irradiated by SER-TAIN process, without phenol red, in saline</td></tr><tr><td>Amphotericin B</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A2492-20ml</td><td>250 &amp;mu;g/ml in deionized water, sterile-filtered</td></tr><tr><td>Scissors</td><td>Aesculap</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Forcep</td><td>Aesculap</td><td>AE-BD312R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.2 &amp;mu;M syringe filter</td><td>Sartorius Stedim</td><td>16534</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>70 &amp;mu;M cell strainer</td><td>SPL</td><td>93070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe plunger</td><td>Terumo</td><td>SS+10L</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cryovial tube</td><td>NUNC</td><td>368362</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.7 ml microcentrifuge tube</td><td>Axygen</td><td>MCT-175-C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 cm cell culture dish</td><td>Greiner</td><td>664160</td><td>Cell culture treated dish&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>15 ml conical bottom tube</td><td>Greiner</td><td>188271</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50 ml conical bottom tube</td><td>Greiner</td><td>227261</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water bath</td><td>GFL</td><td>1002</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5810R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Incubation shaker</td><td>Sartorius Stedim</td><td></td><td>Certomat-BS1</td></tr><tr><td>Zeiss Axiovert 25 light microscope</td><td>Carl Zeiss AG</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

generating primary fibroblast cultures from mouse ear and tail tissues

Birincil hücreler doku şirketinden elde edilir yerleşmiş hücre hatlarında ve daha etkin in vivo hücre fizyolojik durumu daha iyi temsil olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, birincil hücre kültürleri, genellikle sınırlı bir ömre sahiptir ve sık sık yeniden tesis edilmesi gerekir. Fibroblastlar primer hücre kolay ulaşılabilir bir kaynağıdır. Burada, kulakları ve farelerin kuyrukları primer fibroblast kültürleri kurmak için basit ve hızlı bir deneysel prosedür tartışır. Protokolü için 10 gün süreyle oda sıcaklığında depolanan kulak birincil fibroblast kültürleri oluşturmak için de kullanılabilir. Protokol dikkatle takip edildiğinde, bulaşmalar bazı durumlarda uzun süre saklanan steril olmayan doku kullanımına rağmen ortaya çıkması olası değildir. Fibroblastlar kültürde hızla çoğalırlar ve replikatif yaşlanmayı geçmeden önce önemli sayıda genişletilebilir.

Doku çöküntüsü önemli bir miktarda doku sonuçlarından fibroblast ekstraksiyonu (Şekil 1). Doku çöküntüsü aksine, fibroblastlar gün 1 ve kültür 3 arasında doku kültürü plastik yüzeylere yapışır. Fibroblast kültürlerinde orta güvenle anlamlı kültür (Şekil 2) enkaz mevcut seviyelerini azaltmak gerektiğini kültür, günü 3 değiştirilebilir. Fibroblastlar bir ince uzun morfoloji ve net bir şekilde görülebilen sitoplazma (Şekil 1 ve <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues at JoVE.com

Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Bu kulak ve farelerin kuyrukları primer fibroblastlar üretilmesi için basit ve hızlı bir deney prosedürü tarif etmektedir. Prosedür özel hayvan eğitim gerektirmeyen ve 10 gün oda sıcaklığında saklanan kulaklardan fibroblast kültürlerin üretimi için de kullanılabilir.

Fare Kulak ve Kuyruk Dokular Yaratma İlköğretim Fibroblast Kültürleri

Primary cells are derived directly from tissue and are thought to be more representative of the physiological state of cells in vivo than established cell ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

33.7K Görüntüleme.  Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.  Bu kulak ve farelerin kuyrukları primer fibroblastlar üretilmesi için basit ve hızlı bir deney prosedürü tarif etmektedir. Prosedür özel hayvan eğitim gerektirmeyen ve 10 gün oda sıcaklığında saklanan kulaklardan fibroblast kültürlerin üretimi için de kullanılabilir. 

Video: Generating Primary Fibroblast Cultures from Mouse Ear and Tail Tissues

Improved Generation of Induced Cardiomyocytes Using a Polycistronic Construct Expressing Optimal Ratio of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5

Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering alternative strategies for treatment of heart disease. This conversion has been achieved by forced expression of defined factors such as Gata4 (G), Mef2c (M) and Tbx5 (T). Traditionally, iCMs are generated by a cocktail of viruses expressing these individual factors. However, reprogramming efficiency is relatively low and most of the in vitro G,M,T-transduced fibroblasts do not become fully reprogrammed, making it difficult to study the reprogramming mechanisms. We recently have shown that the stoichiometry of G,M,T is crucial for efficient iCM reprogramming. An optimal stoichiometry of G,M,T with relative high level of M and low levels of G and T achieved by using our polycistronic MGT vector (hereafter referred to as MGT) significantly increased reprogramming efficiency and improved iCM quality in vitro. Here we provide a detailed description of the methodology used to generate iCMs with MGT construct from cardiac fibroblasts. Isolation of cardiac fibroblasts, generation of virus for reprogramming and evaluation of the reprogramming process are also included to provide a platform for efficient and reproducible generation of iCMs.

We describe here a protocol for the generation of iCMs using retrovirus-mediated delivery of Gata4, Tbx5 and Mef2c in a polycistronic construct. This protocol yields a relatively homogeneous population of reprogrammed cells with improved efficiency and quality and is valuable for future studies of iCM reprogramming.

Gata4, Mef2c ve Tbx5 Optimal Oranı ifade bir polisistronik Construct kullanma Kaynaklı kardiyomiyositlerde Geliştirilmiş Nesil

Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering alternative ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Rapid Generation of Primary Murine Melanocyte and Fibroblast Cultures

Defects in fibroblast or melanocyte function are associated with skin diseases, including poor barrier function, defective wound healing, pigmentation defects and cancer. Vital to the understanding and amelioration of these diseases are experiments in primary fibroblast and melanocyte cultures. Nevertheless, current protocols for melanocyte isolation require that the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin are trypsinized and manually disassociated. This process is time consuming, technically challenging and contributes to inconsistent yields. Furthermore, methods to simultaneously generate pure fibroblast cultures from the same tissue sample are not readily available. Here, we describe an improved protocol for isolating melanocytes and fibroblasts from the skin of mice on postnatal days 0-4. In this protocol, whole skin is mechanically homogenized using a tissue chopper and then briefly digested with collagenase and trypsin. Cell populations are then isolated through selective plating followed by G418 treatment. This procedure results in consistent melanocyte and fibroblast yields from a single mouse in less than 90 min. This protocol is also easily scalable, allowing researchers to process large cohorts of animals without a significant increase in hands-on time. We show through flow cytometric assessments that cultures established using this protocol are highly enriched for melanocytes or fibroblasts.

This protocol outlines a rapid method to simultaneously generate melanocyte and fibroblast cultures from the skin of 0-4 day old mice. These primary cultures can be maintained and manipulated in vitro to study a variety of physiologically relevant processes, including skin cell biology, pigmentation, wound healing and melanoma.

Primer Murine melanosit ve fibroblast kültürlerinin hızlı üretimi

Defects in fibroblast or melanocyte function are associated with skin diseases, including poor barrier function, defective wound healing, pigmentation ...

Kanser Araştırmaları

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. The current protocol presents an efficient and reproducible strategy in which functional tissue engineered vessel grafts can be generated using partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) from human fibroblasts. We designed a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor, which closely mimics the matrix protein structure and blood flow that exists within a native vessel, for seeding of PiPSC-endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells prior to grafting into mice. This approach was demonstrated to be advantageous because immune-deficient mice engrafted with the PiPSC-derived grafts presented with markedly increased survival rate 3 weeks after surgery. This protocol represents a valuable tool for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and potentially patient-specific cell-therapy in the near future.

Here, we present a protocol to generate tissue engineered vessel grafts that are functional for grafting into mice by double seeding partially induced pluripotent stem cell (PiPSC) - derived smooth muscle cells and PiPSC - derived endothelial cells on a decellularized vessel scaffold bioreactor.

Bir Fare Modeli Doku mühendisliği Kapların Üretimi ve Tırnak

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

Biyomühendislik

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell fate determining and maturing factors. We previously set out to define the minimal set of factors necessary for instructing red blood cell development using direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced erythroid progenitors/precursors (iEPs). We showed that overexpression of Gata1, Tal1, Lmo2, and c-Myc (GTLM) can rapidly convert murine and human fibroblasts directly to iEPs that resemble bona fide erythroid cells in terms of morphology, phenotype, and gene expression. We intend that iEPs will provide an invaluable tool to study erythropoiesis and cell fate regulation. Here we describe the stepwise process of converting murine tail tip fibroblasts into iEPs via transcription factor-driven direct lineage reprogramming (DLR). In this example, we perform the reprogramming in fibroblasts from erythroid lineage-tracing mice that express the yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under the control of the erythropoietin receptor gene (EpoR) promoter, enabling visualization of erythroid cell fate induction upon reprogramming. Following this protocol, fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into iEPs within five to eight days. 
While improvements can still be made to the process, we show that GTLM-mediated reprogramming is a rapid and direct process, yielding cells with properties of bona fide erythroid progenitor and precursor cells.

Here we present our protocol for producing induced erythroid progenitors (iEPs) from mouse adult fibroblasts using transcription factor-driven direct lineage reprogramming (DLR).

Lineage yetişkin fare Fibroblast Erythroid ataları için yeniden programlama doğrudan

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell ...

Generation of ESC-derived Mouse Airway Epithelial Cells Using Decellularized Lung Scaffolds

Lung lineage differentiation requires integration of complex environmental cues that include growth factor signaling, cell-cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions. Due to this complexity, recapitulation of lung development in vitro to promote differentiation of stem cells to lung epithelial cells has been challenging. In this protocol, decellularized lung scaffolds are used to mimic the 3-dimensional environment of the lung and generate stem cell-derived airway epithelial cells. Mouse embryonic stem cell are first differentiated to the endoderm lineage using an embryoid body (EB) culture method with activin A. Endoderm cells are then seeded onto decellularized scaffolds and cultured at air-liquid interface for up to 21 days. This technique promotes differentiation of seeded cells to functional airway epithelial cells (ciliated cells, club cells, and basal cells) without additional growth factor supplementation. This culture setup is defined, serum-free, inexpensive, and reproducible. Although there is limited contamination from non-lung endoderm lineages in culture, this protocol only generates airway epithelial populations and does not give rise to alveolar epithelial cells. Airway epithelia generated with this protocol can be used to study cell-matrix interactions during lung organogenesis and for disease modeling or drug-discovery platforms of airway-related pathologies such as cystic fibrosis.

This protocol efficiently directs mouse embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm to mature airway epithelial cells. This differentiation technique uses 3-dimensional decellularized lung scaffolds to direct lung lineage specification, in a defined, serum-free culture setting.

Decellularized Akciğer Yapı iskeleleri kullanarak ESC türetilmiş Fare Havayolu Epitel Hücreleri Üretimi

Lung lineage differentiation requires integration of complex environmental cues that include growth factor signaling, cell-cell interactions and ...

Establishing Primary Adult Fibroblast Cultures From Rodents

The importance of using primary cells, rather than cancer cell lines, for biological studies is becoming widely recognized. Primary cells are preferred in studies of cell cycle control, apoptosis, and DNA repair, as cancer cells carry mutations in genes involved in these processes. Primary cells cannot be cultured indefinitely due to the onset of replicative senescence or aneuploidization. Hence, new cultures need to be established regularly. The procedure for isolation of rodent embryonic fibroblasts is well established, but isolating adult fibroblast cultures often presents a challenge. Adult rodent fibroblasts isolated from mouse models of human disease may be a preferred control when comparing them to fibroblasts from human patients. Furthermore, adult fibroblasts are the only available material when working with wild rodents where pregnant females cannot be easily obtained. Here we provide a protocol for isolation and culture of adult fibroblasts from rodent skin and lungs. We used this procedure successfully to isolate fibroblasts from over twenty rodent species from laboratory mice and rats to wild rodents such as beaver, porcupine, and squirrel.

This article describes a protocol for isolation and maintenance of primary fibroblast cultures from skin and lung tissue of wild rodents.

Kemirgenler itibaren İlköğretim Yetişkin Fibroblast Kültürleri kurulması

The importance of using primary cells, rather than cancer cell lines, for biological studies is becoming widely recognized.  Primary cells are preferred ...

Biyoloji

Preparation of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Suitable for Culturing Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it is not easy to establish an effective system for culturing these cells. Since the culture conditions can influence gene expression that confers pluripotency in hESCs and hiPSCs, the optimization and standardization of the culture method is crucial.
The establishment of hESC lines was first described by using MEFs as feeder cells and fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing culture medium2. Next, FBS was replaced with knockout serum replacement (KSR) and FGF2, which enhances proliferation of hESCs3. Finally, feeder-free culture systems enable culturing cells on Matrigel-coated plates in KSR-containing conditioned medium (medium conditioned by MEFs)4. Subsequently, hESCs culture conditions have moved towards feeder-free culture in chemically defined conditions5-7. Moreover, to avoid the potential contamination by pathogens and animal proteins culture methods using xeno-free components have been established8.
To obtain improved conditions mouse feeder cells have been replaced with human cell lines (e.g. fetal muscle and skin cells9, adult skin cells10, foreskin fibroblasts11-12, amniotic mesenchymal cells13). However, the efficiency of maintaining undifferentiated hESCs using human foreskin fibroblast-derived feeder layers is not as high as that from mouse feeder cells due to the lower level of secretion of Activin A14. Obviously, there is an evident difference in growth factor production by mouse and human feeder cells.
Analyses of the transcriptomes of mouse and human feeder cells revealed significant differences between supportive and non-supportive cells. Exogenous FGF2 is crucial for maintaining self-renewal of hESCs and hiPSCs, and has been identified as a key factor regulating the expression of Tgf&beta;1, Activin A and Gremlin (a BMP antagonist) in feeder cells. Activin A has been shown to induce the expression of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in hESCs15-16.
For long-term culture, hESCs and hiPSCs can be grown on mitotically inactivated MEFs or under feeder-free conditions in MEF-CM (MEF-Conditioned Medium) on Matrigel-coated plates to maintain their undifferentiated state. Success of both culture conditions fully depends on the quality of the feeder cells, since they directly affect the growth of hESCs.
Here, we present an optimized method for the isolation and culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), preparation of conditioned medium (CM) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the levels of Activin A within the media.

The quality of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is dictated by the right strain of mouse such as CF-1. Pluripotency-supportive MEFs and conditioned media (CM) obtained from these should contain optimal concentrations of Activin A, Gremlin and Tgf&beta;1 needed for the Activin/Nodal and FGF pathways to co-operatively maintain self-renewal and pluripotency.

Kültürleme İnsan Embriyonik ve Bağlı Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerinin için uygundur Fare embriyonik fibroblast hücreleri hazırlanması

In general, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)1 can be cultured under variable conditions. However, it ...

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also produce a source of patient-matched cells for regenerative therapies. iPSCs may be generated using multiple protocols and derived from multiple cell sources. Once generated, iPSCs are tested using a variety of assays including immunostaining for pluripotency markers, generation of three germ layers in embryoid bodies and teratomas, comparisons of gene expression with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and production of chimeric mice with or without germline contribution2. Importantly, iPSC lines that pass these tests still vary in their capacity to produce different differentiated cell types2. This has made it difficult to establish which iPSC derivation protocols, donor cell sources or selection methods are most useful for different applications.
The most stringent test of whether a stem cell line has sufficient developmental potential to generate all tissues required for survival of an organism (termed full pluripotency) is tetraploid embryo complementation (TEC)3-5. Technically, TEC involves electrofusion of two-cell embryos to generate tetraploid (4n) one-cell embryos that can be cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage6. Diploid (2n) pluripotent stem cells (e.g. ESCs or iPSCs) are then injected into the blastocoel cavity of the tetraploid blastocyst and transferred to a recipient female for gestation (see Figure 1). The tetraploid component of the complemented embryo contributes almost exclusively to the extraembryonic tissues (placenta, yolk sac), whereas the diploid cells constitute the embryo proper, resulting in a fetus derived entirely from the injected stem cell line.
Recently, we reported the derivation of iPSC lines that reproducibly generate adult mice via TEC1. These iPSC lines give rise to viable pups with efficiencies of 5-13%, which is comparable to ESCs3,4,7 and higher than that reported for most other iPSC lines8-12. These reports show that direct reprogramming can produce fully pluripotent iPSCs that match ESCs in their developmental potential and efficiency of generating pups in TEC tests. At present, it is not clear what distinguishes between fully pluripotent iPSCs and less potent lines13-15. Nor is it clear which reprogramming methods will produce these lines with the highest efficiency. Here we describe one method that produces fully pluripotent iPSCs and "all- iPSC" mice, which may be helpful for investigators wishing to compare the pluripotency of iPSC lines or establish the equivalence of different reprogramming methods.

Generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines produces lines of differing developmental potential even when they pass standard tests for pluripotency. Here we describe a protocol to produce mice derived entirely from iPSCs, which defines the iPSC lines as possessing full pluripotency1.

İsteyerek Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerinin Elde Edilen Fare Üretimi

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Fibroblast Derived Human Engineered Connective Tissue for Screening Applications

Fibroblasts are phenotypically highly dynamic cells, which quickly transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in response to biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. The current understanding of fibrotic processes, including cardiac fibrosis, remains poor, which hampers the development of new anti-fibrotic therapies. Controllable and reliable human model systems are crucial for a better understanding of fibrosis pathology. This is a highly reproducible and scalable protocol to generate engineered connective tissues (ECT) in a 48-well casting plate to facilitate studies of fibroblasts and the pathophysiology of fibrotic tissue in a 3-dimensional (3D) environment. ECT are generated around the poles with tunable stiffness, allowing for studies under a defined biomechanical load. Under the defined loading conditions, phenotypic adaptations controlled by cell-matrix interactions can be studied. Parallel testing is feasible in the 48-well format with the opportunity for the time-course analysis of multiple parameters, such as tissue compaction and contraction against the load. From these parameters, biomechanical properties such as tissue stiffness and elasticity can be studied.

Presented here is a protocol to generate engineered connective tissues for a parallel culture of 48 tissues in a multi-well plate with double poles, suitable for mechanistic studies, disease modeling, and screening applications. The protocol is compatible with fibroblasts from different organs and species and is exemplified here with human primary cardiac fibroblasts.

Fibroblast Türetilmiş İnsan Tarafından Tasarlanmış Bağ Dokusu Tarama Uygulamaları için

Fibroblasts are phenotypically highly dynamic cells, which quickly transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts in response to biochemical and biomechanical ...

Ultrasonic-augmented Primary Adult Fibroblast Isolation

Primary adult fibroblasts have become an important tool to study fibrosis, fibroblast interactions and inflammation in all body tissues. Since primary fibroblasts cannot divide indefinitely due to myofibroblast differentiation or senescence induction, new cultures must be established regularly. However, there are several obstacles to overcome during the processes of developing a reliable isolation protocol and primary fibroblast isolation itself: the method&#8217;s degree of difficulty (especially for beginners), the risk of bacterial contamination, the required time until primary fibroblasts can be used for experiments, and subsequent cell quality and viability. In this study, a fast, reliable and easy-to-learn protocol to isolate and culture primary adult fibroblasts from mouse heart, lung, liver and kidney combining enzymatic digestion and ultrasonic agitation is provided.

We present a protocol to isolate primary adult fibroblasts in an easy, fast and reliable way, performable by beginners (e.g., students). The procedure combines enzymatic tissue digestion and mechanical agitation with ultrasonic waves to obtain primary fibroblasts. The protocol can easily be adapted to specific experimental requirements (e.g., human tissue).

Ultrasonik-Augmented primer yetişkin fibroblast yalıtım

Primary adult fibroblasts have become an important tool to study fibrosis, fibroblast interactions and inflammation in all body tissues. Since primary ...