Name: the rodent psychomotor vigilance test (rpvt): a method for assessing neurobehavioral performance in rats and mice
Uploaded: 2016-12-29T12:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 47 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice at JoVE.com

This research was supported by NASA (NNX15AC17G to CMD), and by NASA cooperative agreement NCC 9-58 (E000010 to CMD, NBPF02802 and NBPF04201 to RDH) with the National Space Biomedical Research Institute.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

A metodologia aqui descrita resulta em desempenhos rPVT em ratos que se comparam favoravelmente em muitos aspectos ao desempenho PVT típico relatado na literatura humana. Usando as presentes técnicas, pode-se formar rapidamente ratos para executar a rPVT, e os desempenhos obtidos com estas técnicas caracterizam-se por discriminações claras (isto é, níveis elevados de responder correcta, baixos níveis de ambos responder prematura e lapsos). Além disso, as distribuições de tempo de reacção obtido com...

O teste de vigilância psicomotora humana (PVT) é, uma ferramenta bem validado amplamente usado para medir a vigilância e atenção sustentada em seres humanos, e foi originalmente desenvolvido por Dinges et ai. 1-3 para avaliar a estabilidade em tempos de reação e atenção (por exemplo, erros em termos de respostas prematuras e lapsos de atenção), tanto dentro das sessões como um todo e ao longo do tempo dentro de sessões individuais. Ao longo dos anos, a PVT humano foi modificado e atualizado 4-11 para acompanhar as alterações temporais em vários aspectos atenção, e tem sido demonstrado ser sensível a mudanças na privação do sono e fadiga, e é afetado pelo uso de drogas e idade dos indivíduos 12 , 13. A PVT é um procedimento aparentemente simples em que um sujeito toca rapidamente uma tela quando um estímulo (tipicamente, um visor LED número) aparece aleatoriamente no tempo, tipicamente depois de 2 - 10 s. Na versão humana, a indicação do número é incrementado em ms e parou quando tele tela é tocada, indicando, assim, o tempo de reação do sujeito (RT). Diminuições na vigilância são indicadas por 1) desacelerou tempos de reação, 2) um aumento de lapsos (chamado de &quot;erros de omissão&quot; na literatura humana, e normalmente definido como RTs que são&gt; 500 ms de comprimento), e 3) um aumento no prematura de responder (denominados &quot;erros de comissão&quot; ou &quot;falsos começos&quot; na literatura humana). Outras medidas também podem ser obtidas com o PVT pela análise de variáveis ​​tais como diferenças de género e idade; para uma revisão dessas medidas, ver Basner e Dinges 4. Finalmente, a PVT tem sido empregado na área geral de avaliação do risco humano, e tem sido usado com sucesso em uma ampla gama de áreas operacionais, que incluem as indústrias militares, transporte aéreo e ferroviário, socorristas e ambientes extremos, como as missões para ambientes extremos da NASA operações (NEEMO), o Projecto Internacional Mars500 14, e em SPAC Internacionale Station (ISS). Na ISS, o PVT é chamado de &quot;Reação Auto-Teste&quot; e é empregado para fornecer astronautas com feedback individualizado relacionadas com a fadiga (por exemplo, mudanças na RTs ou lapsos de atenção). O PVT humana tem sido usado por décadas, assim como as versões de roedores de tarefas simples de tempo de reação (que são um pouco semelhante). Ele foi apenas recentemente, no entanto, que um homólogo roedor directo à PVT humano foi relatado na literatura. Christie e colegas descreveram uma versão do PVT humana para ratos, e relatou diminuições na vigilância seguintes privação do sono 15,16. Estudos recentes adicionais relataram versões do rPVT 17-19. Estes relatórios descreveram alterações da atenção prolongada na sequência de várias técnicas de privação de sono; níveis elevados no entanto, os dados obtidos nestes estudos também têm relatado prematura de responder (por exemplo, em alguns casos, mais de 40% do número total de respoNSES); tais performances são muito diferentes de qualquer performances PVT com seres humanos. Tal uma grande diferença de roedor contra desempenhos humanos são provavelmente devido a diferenças de parâmetros específicos empregues no ser humano contra as versões roedor da PVT; Por exemplo, o Christie et ai. estudo utilizou uma variável aleatória 3 - foreperiod 7 s, enquanto um PVT humano normalmente emprega um 2-10 s foreperiod (embora veja Basner et al 5 para uma versão de 3 min da PVT humana que usa um. 1 - 4 s foreperiod) . A utilização de valores foreperiod relativamente curtos, muitas vezes pode resultar em animais &quot;calendário&quot; as suas respostas, e assim pode promover, por meio de reforço acidental, aumentou os números de respostas prematuras, como têm sido relatados nos estudos com roedores rPVT actuais. A versão do rPVT descrito aqui baseia-se no nosso artigo publicado anteriormente 20, e fornece uma descrição pormenorizada das técnicas e dos procedimentos envolvidos. diferedas versões anteriormente publicadas do rPVT nos seguintes aspectos: 1) os ratos foram treinados com valores foreperiod variáveis ​​de 3 - 10 s, e 2) os ratos tiveram de responder rapidamente, uma vez que apenas respostas dentro de uma janela de resposta curta (também denominado uma &quot;limitada hold &quot;) após o início do estímulo foram reforçadas (1,5 s no presente estudo; 3,0 s nas versões publicadas anteriores do rPVT). Usando estas modificações, bem como tempos de espera para breves incorrecta de responder resultou em maiores níveis de controle de estímulos, como indicado por melhorias significativas na precisão e níveis de resposta prematura reduzida. O presente relatório também descreve as alterações previsíveis em variáveis de desempenho (por exemplo, lapsos de atenção, RTs) que são idênticas às observadas em humanos quando se examina a vigilância diminui 21 anos, e ao examinar outras medidas de desempenho, incluindo o efeito &quot;tempo na tarefa&quot; humana eo resposta- intervalo estímulo (RSI) efeito que se observa no humano PVT <s-se&gt; 22. A versão final do rPVT descrito aqui começa por acender uma luz casa (veja a Figura 1). Após um intervalo variável (foreperiod) de 3 - 10 s decorrido, a chave nariz puxão é iluminado por um máximo de 1,5 s. (Para assegurar uma distribuição igual de foreperiods durações, os valores são gerados aleatoriamente sem substituição de uma lista de 36 possíveis valores que variam de 3 a 10 s, com base em incrementos de 200 ms.) De iluminação da chave nosepoke é o sinal para um animal responder, e uma resposta que ocorre entre 150 a 1500 ms após o aparecimento de luz é reforçada com uma pelete de 45 mg. Depois de uma resposta reforçada, tanto a luz da tecla nariz puxão ea luz da casa estão desligados e 1 s intervalo inter-julgamento (ITI; casa de luz off) começa. NOSE-cutuca antes do aparecimento de luz produzir um 8 s timeout (TO) a partir das contingências experimentais que é sinalizado por extinguir a luz casa. Se não houver respostas ocorrer dentro dos 1,5 s resjanela ponse, tanto a luz nosepoke e luz da casa estão desligados, e um 1 s ITI segue. O próximo valor foreperiod agendada para o posterior julgamento começa depois tanto os 1 s ITI ou os 8 S para, consoante o que ocorreu durante o julgamento prévio. As sessões são realizadas diariamente (5 dias / semana), normalmente constituídos por cerca de 200 ensaios, e termina após 30 min. Isto resulta com cada ensaio com uma duração de cerca de 7,5 s, em média. Moldar o desempenho da linha de base estável sobre a rPVT é realizada por 1) inicialmente adaptação de um rato para tirar pelotas do alimento da bandeja de comida na câmara, 2) mão-shaping um rato para responder em uma chave puxão nariz, reforçando aproximações sucessivas para a final nariz picar resposta, e 3) a realização de sessões diárias, onde os parâmetros do procedimento rPVT (ie, foreperiod, ITI, TO, e os tempos de key-iluminação) estão gradualmente ajustados através de uma sessão, dependendo de quão bem cada rato está realizando durante cada sessão (descrito em detalhe abaixo).

<table><tbody><tr><td>Modular rat operant chamber with stainless steel grid floor</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>ENV-008</td><td>Med Associates Inc.&lt;br/&gt; PO Box 319&lt;br/&gt; St. Albans, Vermont 05478,&lt;br/&gt; USA&lt;br/&gt; Phone: (802) 527-2343</td></tr><tr><td>Sound attenuating chamber&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>ENV-022MD</td><td>Houses rat operant chamber</td></tr><tr><td>Houselight for rat</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>ENV-215M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1&quot; diameter rat nose poke response key</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>ENV-119M-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pellet receptacle, trough type</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>ENV-200R2M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Modular pellet dispenser for rat, 45-mg</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>ENV-203M-45</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PCI Operating package for up to 8 operant chambers</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>MED-SYST-8</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SmartCtrl</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>DIG-716P1</td><td>This catalog number has 8 outputs and 4 inputs which is the minimum needed to run the rPVT; SmartCtrl can also be purchased with 16 outputs and 8 inputs for more flexibility</td></tr><tr><td>Med-PC IV software</td><td>Med Associates</td><td>SOF-735</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PC computer with PCI card slot</td><td>Any manfacturer (&lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, Dell)</td><td></td><td>Use of the PCI operating package requires a computer with a PCI card slot. Systems that use PCIe are available. Contact Med Associates for details.</td></tr><tr><td>Dustless Precision pellets 45-mg rodent grain-based diet</td><td>Bio Serv</td><td>FO165</td><td>Bio-Serv&lt;br/&gt; One 8th Street, Suite 1&lt;br/&gt; Frenchtown, NJ 08825, USA&lt;br/&gt; Phone: (800)-996-9908;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Standard chow pellets are commonly used. Different pellets (&lt;em&gt;e.g.&lt;/em&gt;, sucrose) can be acquired from Bio Serv.</td></tr></tbody></table>

the rodent psychomotor vigilance test (rpvt): a method for assessing neurobehavioral performance in rats and mice

A vigilância dos testes psicomotores humana (PVT) é um procedimento amplamente utilizado para medir alterações na fadiga e atenção sustentada. O presente artigo descreve uma versão roedor da denominou-PVT o &quot;rPVT&quot; -que mede aspectos semelhantes de atenção (ou seja, a precisão do desempenho, velocidade do motor, prematuro responder e lapsos de atenção). Os dados são apresentados demonstram que tanto a curto como a longo prazo utilidade do rPVT quando empregue com ratos de laboratório. Os ratos aprendem facilmente a rPVT, e aprender a executar o procedimento básico leva menos de duas semanas de treinamento. Uma vez adquirido, performances rato no rPVT mostram um alto grau de semelhança com estas mesmas medidas de desempenho no PVT humano, incluindo semelhanças em, lapsos de atenção, tempo de reação, diminui a vigilância em toda tempo da sessão (ou seja, o ser humano &quot;time-on- tarefa &quot;efeitos), eo efeito intervalo de resposta de estímulo (RSI) descreveu para os seres humanos. Assim, o rPVT pode ser uma ferramenta extremamente valiosa para avaliar os efeitos de uma ampla gama de variáveis ​​sobre atenção sustentada bastante semelhantes às performances PVT humanos e, portanto, pode ser útil para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para disfunções neurocomportamentais.

Basais Rato rPVT Performances Com base nos parâmetros descritos aqui, 86,7% dos 122 ratos machos atingiram os parâmetros rPVT finais dentro de uma média de 9,0 (DP = 10,13; n = 122) sessões de treinamento automatizado por computador (descritos em 4.1 - Formação 4.9 rPVT; em nossa experiência, apenas cerca de 2% de ratos não irão adquirir o rPVT). Utilizando a metodologia atual, os ratos em média 73,4% correta de respond...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice at JoVE.com

The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice

Uma versão rato da Vigilância testes psicomotores humana (PVT) é descrito que mede aspectos de atenção semelhantes aos medido com o PVT humano, incluindo os aspectos da vigilância humana, tais como a precisão do desempenho, velocidade do motor, respondendo prematuro e lapsos de atenção.

O psicomotora Teste Rodent Vigilância (rPVT): um método para avaliar Neurobehavioral Desempenho em ratos e camundongos

The human Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) is a widely used procedure for measuring changes in fatigue and sustained attention. The present article ...

the-rodent-psychomotor-vigilance-test-rpvt-method-for-assessing

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test (rPVT): A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice

12.0K visualizações.  The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  Uma versão rato da Vigilância testes psicomotores humana (PVT) é descrito que mede aspectos de atenção semelhantes aos medido com o PVT humano, incluindo os aspectos da vigilância humana, tais como a precisão do desempenho, velocidade do motor, respondendo prematuro e lapsos de atenção. 

Vídeo: The Rodent Psychomotor Vigilance Test rPVT: A Method for Assessing Neurobehavioral Performance in Rats and Mice

Assessment of Sensorimotor Function in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease

Sensitive and reliable behavioral outcome measures are essential to the evaluation of potential therapeutic treatments in preclinical trials for many neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease, sensorimotor tests sensitive to varying degrees of nigrostriatal dysfunction are fundamental for testing the efficacy of potential therapeutics. Reliable and quite elegant sensorimotor measures exist for rats, however many of these tests measure sensorimotor asymmetry within the rat and are not entirely suitable for the newer genetic mouse models of PD. We have put together a battery of sensorimotor tests inspired by the sensitive tests in rats and adapted for mice. The test battery highlighted in this study is chosen for a) its sensitivity in a wide variety of mouse models of PD, b) its ease in implementing into a study, and c) its low expense. These tests have proven useful in characterizing novel genetic mouse models of PD as well as in testing potential disease-modifying therapies.

In Parkinson's disease and movement disorders in general, sensitive and reliable behavioral assays are essential for testing novel potential therapeutics. Here, we describe a manageable battery of sensorimotor tests for mice that are sensitive to varying degrees of injury to the nigrostriatal system and useful for preclinical studies.

Avaliação da função sensório-motora em rato modelos de doença de Parkinson

Sensitive and  reliable behavioral outcome measures are essential to the evaluation of  potential therapeutic treatments in preclinical trials for many  ...

Comportamento

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction

We describe a high-throughput, high-volume, fully automated, live-in 24/7 behavioral testing system for assessing the effects of genetic and pharmacological manipulations on basic mechanisms of cognition and learning in mice. A standard polypropylene mouse housing tub is connected through an acrylic tube to a standard commercial mouse test box. The test box has 3 hoppers, 2 of which are connected to pellet feeders. All are internally illuminable with an LED and monitored for head entries by infrared (IR) beams. Mice live in the environment, which eliminates handling during screening. They obtain their food during two or more daily feeding periods by performing in operant (instrumental) and Pavlovian (classical) protocols, for which we have written protocol-control software and quasi-real-time data analysis and graphing software. The data analysis and graphing routines are written in a MATLAB-based language created to simplify greatly the analysis of large time-stamped behavioral and physiological event records and to preserve a full data trail from raw data through all intermediate analyses to the published graphs and statistics within a single data structure. The data-analysis code harvests the data several times a day and subjects it to statistical and graphical analyses, which are automatically stored in the &#34;cloud&#34; and on in-lab computers. Thus, the progress of individual mice is visualized and quantified daily. The data-analysis code talks to the protocol-control code, permitting the automated advance from protocol to protocol of individual subjects. The behavioral protocols implemented are matching, autoshaping, timed hopper-switching, risk assessment in timed hopper-switching, impulsivity measurement, and the circadian anticipation of food availability. Open-source protocol-control and data-analysis code makes the addition of new protocols simple. Eight test environments fit in a 48 in x 24 in x 78 in&#160;cabinet; two such cabinets (16 environments) may be controlled by one computer.

Fully automated system for measuring physiologically meaningful properties of the mechanisms mediating spatial localization, temporal localization, duration, rate&#160;and probability estimation, risk assessment, impulsivity, and the accuracy and precision of memory, in order to assess the effects of genetic and pharmacological manipulations on foundational mechanisms of cognition in mice.

Automatizada, Quantitative Cognitiva / Screening Comportamental de Ratos: Para Genética, Farmacologia, Cognição Animal e Instrução Graduação

We describe a high-throughput, high-volume, fully automated, live-in 24/7 behavioral testing system for assessing the effects of genetic and ...

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. Higher cognitive functions that require precise control over sensorimotor responses such as decision-making and attentional modulation, however, are typically assessed in nonhuman primates. Despite the richness of primate behavior that allows multiple variants of these functions to be studied, the rodent model remains an attractive, cost-effective alternative to primate models. Furthermore, the ability to fully automate operant conditioning in rodents adds unique advantages over the labor intensive training of nonhuman primates while studying a broad range of these complex functions.
Here, we introduce a protocol for operantly conditioning rats on performing working memory tasks. During critical epochs of the task, the protocol ensures that the animal's overt movement is minimized by requiring the animal to 'fixate' until a Go cue is delivered, akin to nonhuman primate experimental design. A simple two alternative forced choice task is implemented to demonstrate the performance. We discuss the application of this paradigm to other tasks.

A fully automated protocol for rodent operant conditioning is proposed. The protocol relies on precise temporal control of behavioral events to investigate the extent to which this control influences neural activity underlying sensorimotor integration and cognitive control experiments.

Um totalmente automatizada Roedor Condicionado Protocolo para Sensorimotor Integração e Experimentos controle cognitivo

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. ...

Behavioral Assessment of the Aging Mouse Vestibular System

Age related decline in balance performance is associated with deteriorating muscle strength, motor coordination and vestibular function. While a number of studies show changes in balance phenotype with age in rodents, very few isolate the vestibular contribution to balance under either normal conditions or during senescence. We use two standard behavioral tests to characterize the balance performance of mice at defined age points over the lifespan: the rotarod test and the inclined balance beam test. Importantly though, a custom built rotator is also used to stimulate the vestibular system of mice (without inducing overt signs of motion sickness). These two tests have been used to show that changes in vestibular mediated-balance performance are present over the murine lifespan. Preliminary results show that both the rotarod test and the modified balance beam test can be used to identify changes in balance performance during aging as an alternative to more difficult and invasive techniques such as vestibulo-ocular (VOR) measurements.

Motor control and balance performance are known to deteriorate with age. This paper presents a number of standard noninvasive behavioral tests with the addition of a simple rotary stimulus to challenge the vestibular system and show changes in balance performance in a murine model of aging.

Avaliação Comportamental do Envelhecimento Rato Sistema Vestibular

Age related decline in balance performance is associated with deteriorating muscle strength, motor coordination and vestibular function. While a number of ...

The Attentional Set Shifting Task: A Measure of Cognitive Flexibility in Mice

Cognitive impairment, particularly involving dysfunction of circuitry within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represents a core feature of many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Deficits in cognitive function also represent the most difficult symptom domain&#160;to successfully treat, as serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants have only modest effects. Functional neuroimaging studies and postmortem analysis of human brain tissue implicate the PFC as being a primary region of dysregulation in patients with these disorders. However, preclinical behavioral assays used to assess these deficits in mouse models which can be readily manipulated genetically and could provide the basis for studies of new treatment avenues have been underutilized. Here we describe the adaptation of a behavioral assay, the attentional set shifting task (AST), to be performed in mice to assess prefrontal cortex mediated cognitive deficits. The neural circuits underlying behavior during the AST are highly conserved across humans, nonhuman primates and rodents, providing excellent face, construct and predictive validity.

The goal of this protocol is to perform a behavioral assay such as the attentional set shifting task (AST) to assess prefrontal cortex-mediated cognitive flexibility in mice.

A Task Attentional Set Shifting: uma certa flexibilidade cognitiva em ratos

Cognitive impairment, particularly involving dysfunction of circuitry within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), represents a core feature of many ...

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Executive functions consist of multiple high-level cognitive processes that drive rule generation and behavioral selection. An emergent property of these processes is the ability to adjust behavior in response to changes in one&#8217;s environment (i.e., behavioral flexibility). These processes are essential to normal human behavior, and may be disrupted in diverse neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, alcoholism, depression, stroke, and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. Understanding of the neurobiology of executive functions has been greatly advanced by the availability of animal tasks for assessing discrete components of behavioral flexibility, particularly strategy shifting and reversal learning. While several types of tasks have been developed, most are non-automated, labor intensive, and allow testing of only one animal at a time. The recent development of automated, operant-based tasks for assessing behavioral flexibility streamlines testing, standardizes stimulus presentation and data recording, and dramatically improves throughput. Here, we describe automated strategy shifting and reversal tasks, using operant chambers controlled by custom written software programs. Using these tasks, we have shown that the medial prefrontal cortex governs strategy shifting but not reversal learning in the rat, similar to the dissociation observed in humans. Moreover, animals with a neonatal hippocampal lesion, a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, are selectively impaired on the strategy shifting task but not the reversal task. The strategy shifting task also allows the identification of separate types of performance errors, each of which is attributable to distinct neural substrates. The availability of these automated tasks, and the evidence supporting the dissociable contributions of separate prefrontal areas, makes them particularly well-suited assays for the investigation of basic neurobiological processes as well as drug discovery and screening in disease models.

The ability to assess executive functions such as behavioral flexibility in rats is useful for investigating the neurobiology of cognition in both intact animals and disease models. Here we describe automated tasks for assessing strategy shifting and reversal learning, which are particularly sensitive to disruptions in prefrontal cortical networks.

Procedimentos operantes para avaliar a flexibilidade comportamental em ratos

Executive functions consist of multiple high-level cognitive processes that drive rule generation and behavioral selection. An emergent property of these ...

Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups

Neurodevelopmental reflex testing is commonly used in clinical practice to assess the maturation of the nervous system. Neurodevelopmental reflexes are also referred to as primitive reflexes. They are sensitive and consistent with later outcomes. Abnormal reflexes are described as an absence, persistence, reappearance, or latency of reflexes, which are predictive indices of infants that are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models of neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, often display aberrant developmental reflexes, as would be observed in human infants. The techniques described assess a variety of neurodevelopmental reflexes in neonatal rats. Neurodevelopmental reflex testing offers the investigator a testing method that is not otherwise available in such young animals. The methodology presented here aims to assist investigators in examining developmental milestones in neonatal rats as a method of detecting early-onset brain injury and/or determining the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The methodology presented here aims to provide a general guideline for investigators.

Behavioral testing is the gold standard for determining outcomes following brain injury, and can identify the presence of developmental disabilities in infants and children. Neurodevelopmental reflexes are an early indicator of these abnormalities. A host of easily accomplished developmental reflex tests in the neonatal rodent were developed and described here.

Desenvolvimento neurológico Reflex Teste em Neonatais rato filhotes de cachorro

Neurodevelopmental reflex testing is commonly used in clinical practice to assess the maturation of the nervous system. Neurodevelopmental reflexes are ...

Battery of Behavioral Tests Assessing General Locomotion, Muscular Strength, and Coordination in Mice

Behavioral testing is used in pre-clinical trials to assess the phenotypic effects and outcomes that a particular disease or treatment has on the animal&#39;s wellbeing and health. There are numerous behavioral tests that may be applied. We selected a test for general locomotion, the open field test (OFT); a test for muscular strength, the mesh test (MT); and a test for coordination, the rotarod test (RR). Testing can be accomplished on a weekly or monthly basis. As a test for general locomotion, the OFT works by objectively monitoring movement parameters while the mouse is in an open field apparatus. The field is generally a 2&#39; x 2&#39; box, and the movements are recorded through laser sensing or through video capture. The mouse is placed in the center of the open field and allowed to move freely for the test. The MT uses the latency for a mouse to fall off an inverted screen as a measure of muscular strength. A mouse is placed on a screen, which is inverted over a clear box, and is timed for their latency to fall. Three trials are performed, with the best of the three trials scored for that day. A score of 60 s is the maximum time a mouse is left inverted. Mice are given a 5-min rest period between mesh test trials. Lastly, an accelerated protocol on the RR assesses motor coordination and endurance. During a trial, a mouse walks on a rotating rod as it increases in speed from 4 rpm to 40 rpm over 5 min. The trial ends when the mouse touches the magnetized pressure sensor upon falling. Each mouse undergoes three trials, and the best trial is scored for that day. This combined behavioral data allows for the global assessment of mobility, coordination, strength, and movement of the test animals. At least two out of the three behavioral testing measures must show improvement for an animal to qualify as having overall improved motor function.

Behavioral testing is used in pre-clinical trials to assess the phenotypic effects of a disease or treatment on an animal's wellbeing. In order to globally assess motor functioning, we selected tests for general locomotion, muscular strength, and coordination: the open field test, the mesh test, and the rotarod test, respectively.

Bateria de comportamental testes de avaliação geral de locomoção, coordenação e força Muscular em camundongos

Behavioral testing is used in pre-clinical trials to assess the phenotypic effects and outcomes that a particular disease or treatment has on the ...

Behavioral Assessments of Spontaneous Locomotion in a Murine MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model

Parkinson&#8217;s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder disease, causing the phenomenon of shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and dementia. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can lead to some Parkinson&#8217;s-like symptoms by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. It has been thus used to establish PD models in various animal studies. Here, mice receive MPTP injections (20 mg/kg/day) for seven days and the behavioral tests are performed on the eighth day. This model is adapted efficiently in the study of PD. The behavioral tests here include the cylinder test and the open field test. The cylinder experiment is used to detect the animals&#8217; ability to lift their front paws when put into a different environment. As the PD model mice show arching&#8212;the mouse arches its back&#8212;the number of paw liftings decrease. This test is easy to execute. The open field test is used to detect the amount of time the mice spend on running, walking, and remaining immobile. We analyze animals&#8217; movements in open field using software and obtain data. Lastly, we use L-DOPA, one of the most commonly used PD drugs, as one example to show how to apply this model to the study of PD drugs. Our results indicate that MPTP neurotoxicity induces motor deficit which can be mitigated by L-DOPA.

We describe establishment of a murine model for Parkinson's disease using MPTP, and behavioral assessments using cylinder and open field tests to measure motor function. We then use L-DOPA as one example to show how to apply this model in the study of PD drugs.

Avaliações comportamentais de locomoção espontânea em um modelo murino induzida por MPTP a doença de Parkinson

Parkinson&#8217;s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder disease, causing the phenomenon of shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and ...

A Behavioral Test Battery for the Repeated Assessment of Motor Skills, Mood, and Cognition in Mice

Pharmacological and toxicological studies in neurodegeneration require comprehensive behavioral analysis in mice because motor dysfunctions and dysfunctions in mood and cognition are common and often shared symptoms in neurodegenerative diseases. Shown here is a behavioral test battery for motor, mood, and cognition, which can be repeatedly tested in a longitudinal study. This battery assesses the overall behavioral phenotype in mice by examining each domain of behavior with at least two independent well-accepted tests (i.e., open-field test and rotarod test for motor function, social interaction test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test for emotional function, and Morris water maze test and novel object recognition test for cognitive function). Therefore, this sensitive and comprehensive test battery is a powerful tool for the study of behavioral alternation in neurodegeneration.

A comprehensive behavioral test battery of motor skills, mood&#8212;including social interaction, depression, and anxiety&#8212;and cognition is designed for the repeated assessment of neurodegeneration-related behavioral changes in mice.