Os autores não têm reconhecimento.

O atendimento e o tratamento dos animais neste procedimento foram conduzidos de acordo com as diretrizes do Comitê Institucional de Cuidados e Uso Animal da Universidade do Colorado. 1. Preparando Soluções <ol><li> Prepare e armazene todas as soluções a temperaturas apropriadas, conforme mostrado na Tabela 1 . </li></ol> 2. Coating Wells e Slides NOTA: Os neurônios não aderem bem às superfícies de plástico ou de vidro. <ol><li> Um dia antes do isolamento dos neurônios, revestir os poços de uma placa de cultura estéril de 24 poços com 0,5 mL de poli-D-lisina (PDL, Tabela 2 ) e deixá-lo em uma camada de fluxo laminar O / N. NOTA: O método preferido é usar placas de 24 poços e revestir apenas os poços centrais, uma vez que a evaporação dos poços periféricos tende a ser mais acelerada e a resultados inconsistentes. Além disso, lâminas de vidro podem ser colocadas dentro dos poços antes de tO revestimento. Os neurônios serão anexados às lâminas de vidro revestidas e podem ser removidos posteriormente para outras imagens microscópicas . </li><li> No dia do isolamento, retire o PDL dos poços. Lave com água esterilizada por alguns minutos antes de remover a água restante e deixe secar durante 1 h (veja abaixo). </li><li> Após a secagem, cubra as lâminas com laminina ( Tabela 2 ). NOTA: Aproximadamente 10 μL de laminina (10 μg / μL) é suficiente para revestir cada poço de uma placa estéril de 24 poços. Isto é misturado com 340 μL de meio (volume total: 350 μL) para cobrir todo o poço. Deixe isso sentar-se durante 2 h à RT em um capuz de cultura e depois aspirar antes de revestir as células. </li></ol> 3. Colheita de Cordas Espinhais NOTA: Todos os instrumentos devem ser autoclavados (135 ° C e 30 psi para ciclos de 4 x 7 min) para esterilidade. <ol><li> Eutanizar cachorros de rato C57BL / 6 de um dia de um dia em uma câmara com isoflurano. Esperar30 s após a cessação do movimento e pitada a perna para confirmar a falta de resposta. </li><li> Separe a cabeça do corpo usando uma tesoura, com cachorro na posição propensa. </li><li> Estabilize as patas traseiras ou a cauda e os braços na mesa de procedimento, com o lado dorsal voltado para o usuário. </li><li> Corte a pele com uma tesoura de íris curvada. </li><li> Corte a medula espinhal da região lombar logo acima dos quadris e continue a cortar os dois lados do tórax para separá-lo do corpo. NOTA: Isso requer a dissecação cuidadosa da medula espinhal dos órgãos viscerais para evitar danos inadvertidos a outros órgãos ( Figura 1a ). </li><li> Lave sequencialmente por 10 s em placas de Petri de 3 x 10 cm contendo 5 mL de solução salina tamponada com fosfato esterilizado (PBS) esterilizado com filtro de 0,2 μm para remover o excesso de tecido. </li><li> Insira uma agulha de 22 G e uma seringa preenchida com 5 mL de PBS esterilizado em filtro na extremidade caudal da coluna vertebral e flush cranialmente, permitindo que o cordão tO saída para uma quarta placa de Petri ( Figura 1b ). </li><li> Recolher a medula espinhal em um tubo de 15 mL com 5 mL de HABG ( Tabela 1 ) em gelo. Tenha cuidado para evitar esmagar a medula espinhal. </li><li> Repita as etapas 3.1-3.8 para cada cachorro na liteira. NOTA: Idealmente, este processo deve levar menos de 30 min por medula espinhal para garantir o isolamento saudável do neurônio. </li></ol> 4. Isolando neurônios NOTA: O seguinte passo deve ser realizado em uma capa de fluxo laminar. É esperada familiaridade com a técnica estéril básica. <ol><li> Mincing de tecidos <ol><li> Pegue o tubo contendo as cordas espinhais e agite levemente para suspender o tecido. </li><li> Despeje o tecido do tubo em uma placa de Petri de vidro de 60 mm e dê com uma lâmina de barbear para criar peças finas de 0,5 mm de tamanho. </li><li> Transfira o tecido com uma pipeta de diâmetro largo para um tubo de 15 mL contendo 5 mL de HABG. </li><li> Coloque-o em um30 ° C de banho de água durante 30 min para permitir que as células se equilibrem a esta temperatura. Mantenha as células em um agitador apenas o suficiente para permitir que elas sejam suspensas no fluido. NOTA: Este passo é feito para evitar chocar as células após a transferência do gelo para o meio de digestão. Manter as células a 30 ° C ajuda a diminuir a morte celular associada a um aumento do metabolismo a 37 ° C. </li></ol></li><li> Prepare o meio de digestão ( Tabela 1 ). </li><li> Prepare o gradiente de densidade (Tabela 1). <ol><li> Prepare cada uma das 4 camadas em 4 tubos separados de 15 mL, conforme descrito na Tabela 1 . </li><li> Adicione 1 mL de cada camada a um novo tubo de 15 mL. Comece com a camada 1 na parte inferior e adicione-se sequencialmente até atingir a camada 4 no topo. Evite perturbar as camadas enquanto se adiciona. </li></ol></li><li> Lave as placas revestidas PDL do passo 2.2. Lave com água estéril por alguns minutos antes de remover qualquer água restante ePermitindo secar durante 1 h. </li><li> Transfira o tecido para o meio de digestão. <ol><li> Remova o tubo contendo tecido do banho de água do agitador a 30 ° C e deixe-o sedimentar por alguns minutos. </li><li> Remova o tubo médio de digestão do banho-maria a 37 ° C e aspirá-lo para dentro de uma seringa. </li><li> Aspirar o excesso de HABG do tubo contendo tecido. </li><li> Use um filtro de seu filtro de 0,2 μm na seringa para adicionar o meio de digestão ao tubo contendo tecido. </li><li> Coloque o tubo em um banho de água a 30 ° C durante 30 min. Mantenha as células tremendo o suficiente para permitir que elas sejam suspensas no fluido. NOTA: É importante não manter as células no meio de digestão por muito tempo ou deixar a temperatura ficar muito alta, o que pode levar à digestão excessiva e resultar em suspensão do tecido em uma mistura gelatinosa. </li></ol></li><li> Durante este período, revestir a laminina como no passo 2.3. </li> &lt;Li&gt; Realize a trituração ( ou seja, separe as células do tecido). <ol><li> Remova o tubo do banho de água agitado de 30 ° C e deixe-o se assentar durante alguns minutos. </li><li> Aspirar o excesso de meio de digestão. </li><li> Suspenda o tecido em 2 mL de HABG. </li><li> Usando uma pipeta de diâmetro estreito, triture 10x por 45 s. NOTA: Este é provavelmente o passo mais crucial e pode diminuir significativamente o rendimento se não for feito corretamente. <ol><li> Aspirar o tecido na pipeta e imediatamente esvaziar o conteúdo. </li><li> Evite a introdução de ar, pois diminuirá significativamente o rendimento viável. NOTA: A pipeta ideal é uma pipeta de vidro de 9 &quot;. A ponta da pipeta deve ser polida a fogo para suavizar superfícies rugosas. Em seguida, deve ser siliconada por colocação em uma solução 1:20 de diclorodimetilsilano (DMDCS) em clorofórmio e esquerda de O / N. A pipeta deve então ser removida e deixada secar ao ar. Posteriormente, éDeve ser autoclavado para esterilização. Atenção: o DMDCS e o clorofórmio são altamente inflamáveis ​​e a siliconização deve ser realizada em uma exaustão. </li></ol></li><li> Aspirar os 2 ml superiores de sobrenadante e colocá-lo em um novo tubo de 15 mL rotulado como &quot;coleção&quot;. </li><li> Repita as etapas 4.7.3-4.7.5 duas vezes adicionais (o tubo de coleta celular deve ter 6 mL até o final). </li><li> Transmita lentamente o conteúdo do tubo de recolha para o tubo de gradiente preparado no passo 4.2, evitando a interrupção do gradiente. </li></ol></li><li> Neste ponto, remova o meio neurobasal previamente preparado ( Tabela 1 ) da geladeira e deixe-o aquecer em um banho de 37 ° C. </li><li> Purifique os neurônios. <ol><li> Centrifugue o tubo gradiente por 15 min a 800 xg e 22 ° C. </li><li> Colecione a (s) camada (s) desejada (s) com uma pipeta ( Figura 2 ) e coloque em um novo tubo de 15 mL. Para o neurociências de maior purezaN isolação ( ou seja, 90%), coletar camada 3. Para obter mais rendimento com menos pureza ( ie &gt; 70-80%), colete as camadas 2 e 3. </li><li> Diluir o gradiente de densidade adicionando 5 mL de HABG às camadas recém-coletadas. </li><li> Centrifugar a 200 xg durante 2 min a 22 ° C. </li><li> Descarte o sobrenadante, volte a suspender em 5 mL de HABG e pique o sedimento para suspender as células. </li><li> Centrifugar durante 2 min 200 xg a 22 ° C. </li><li> Descarte o sobrenadante, ressuspenda em 3 mL de meio neurobasal e pique o sedimento para ressuspender as células. </li></ol></li><li> Conte as células. <ol><li> Pegue 10 μL da solução, agora com células em meio neurobasal, e misture com 10 μL de azul de Trypan. </li><li> Coloque 10 μL desta mistura numa câmara de contagem de vidro. </li><li> Usando uma câmara de contagem de vidro padrão, conte o número de células em cada um dos quatro quadrantes de 4 x 4. Adicione todas as células contadas (n), multiPor 2 (fator de diluição), dividir por 4 (número de quadrantes contados), multiplicar por 3 (volume de meio neurobasal) e multiplicar por 10 4 para obter a concentração de células em células / mL. <img alt="Equação" src="/files/ftp_upload/55856/55856eq0.jpg" /></li></ol></li><li> Semear as células em placas de cultura <ol><li> Diluir a suspensão celular para 300.000 células em 1 mL de meio neurobasal. NOTA: Com base na concentração de células obtidas nas etapas acima, adiciona-se meio neurobasal adicional para obter uma concentração final de 3 * 10 5 células / mL. A equação é C 1 V 1 = C 2 V 2 , onde C 1 é a concentração inicial de células obtidas a partir da colheita; V 1 é 3 mL; E C 2 é 3 * 10 5 células / mL, como discutido acima. A equação é resolvida para V 2 . Adicione o volume do meio neurobasal necessário para tornar o volume total de células em solução igual aV 2 . </li><li> Agite suavemente para distribuir as células em solução e adicione 1 mL a cada poço nas placas revestidas de 24 poços. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Qayumi, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+model+for+investigation+of+spinal+cord+injury+caused+by+aortic+cross-clamping.">Animal model for investigation of spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross-clamping.</a> J Invest Surg. 10 (1-2), 47-52 (1997).</li><li>Fang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemic+preconditioning+protects+against+spinal+cord+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+rabbits+by+attenuating+blood+spinal+cord+barrier+disruption.">Ischemic preconditioning protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits by attenuating blood spinal cord barrier disruption.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 14 (5), 10343-10354 (2013).</li><li>Taira, Y., Marsala, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+proximal+arterial+perfusion+pressure+on+function,+spinal+cord+blood+flow,+and+histopathologic+changes+after+increasing+intervals+of+aortic+occlusion+in+the+rat.">Effect of proximal arterial perfusion pressure on function, spinal cord blood flow, and histopathologic changes after increasing intervals of aortic occlusion in the rat.</a> Stroke. 27 (10), 1850-1858 (1996).</li><li>Stoppini, L., Buchs, P. -. 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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+culture+of+adult+neurons+and+neurospheres.">Isolation and culture of adult neurons and neurospheres.</a> Nat Protoc. 2 (6), 1490-1498 (2007).</li><li>Banker, G. A., Cowan, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+hippocampal+neurons+in+dispersed+cell+culture.">Rat hippocampal neurons in dispersed cell culture.</a> Brain Res. 126 (3), 397-425 (1977).</li><li>Graber, D. J., Harris, B. 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D., Berthod, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+protocols+for+isolation+of+primary+motor+neurons,+astrocytes+and+microglia+from+embryonic+mouse+spinal+cord.">Optimized protocols for isolation of primary motor neurons, astrocytes and microglia from embryonic mouse spinal cord.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 163 (1), 111-118 (2007).</li><li>Brewer, G. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+survival+of+hippocampal+neurons+in+B27-supplemented+Neurobasal,+a+new+serum-free+medium+combination.">Optimized survival of hippocampal neurons in B27-supplemented Neurobasal, a new serum-free medium combination.</a> J Neurosci Res. 35 (5), 567-576 (1993).</li><li>Fang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemic+preconditioning+protects+against+spinal+cord+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+rabbits+by+attenuating+blood+spinal+cord+barrier+disruption.">Ischemic preconditioning protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits by attenuating blood spinal cord barrier disruption.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 14 (5), 10343-10354 (2013).</li><li>Su, M., Zhong, W., Ren, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dose-dependent+protection+of+reseveratrol+against+spinal+cord+ischemic-reperfusion+injury+in+rats.">Dose-dependent protection of reseveratrol against spinal cord ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats.</a> Trop J Pharm Res. 15 (6), 1225-1233 (2016).</li><li>Haapanen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remote+ischemic+preconditioning+protects+the+spinal+cord+against+ischemic+insult:+An+experimental+study+in+a+porcine+model.">Remote ischemic preconditioning protects the spinal cord against ischemic insult: An experimental study in a porcine model.</a> J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 151 (3), 777-785 (2016).</li><li>Conrad, M. F., Ye, J. Y., Chung, T. K., Davison, J. K., Cambria, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord+complications+after+thoracic+aortic+surgery:+long-term+survival+and+functional+status+varies+with+deficit+severity.">Spinal cord complications after thoracic aortic surgery: long-term survival and functional status varies with deficit severity.</a> J Vasc Surg. 48 (1), 47-53 (2008).</li><li>Wong, D. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Delayed+spinal+cord+deficits+after+thoracoabdominal+aortic+aneurysm+repair.">Delayed spinal cord deficits after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.</a> Ann Thorac Surg. 83 (4), 1345-1355 (2007).</li><li>Freeman, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alpha-2+agonist+attenuates+ischemic+injury+in+spinal+cord+neurons.">Alpha-2 agonist attenuates ischemic injury in spinal cord neurons.</a> J Surg Res. 195 (1), 21-28 (2015).</li><li>Freeman, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord+protection+via+alpha-2+agonist-mediated+increase+in+glial+cell-line-derived+neurotrophic+factor.">Spinal cord protection via alpha-2 agonist-mediated increase in glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor.</a> J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 149 (2), 578-586 (2015).</li></ol>

Os autores não possuem divulgações.

Esta técnica permite a cultura confiável dos neurônios da medula espinhal. Uma vez alcançada a proficiência na técnica, demora cerca de 3,5 h para completar. Nós conseguimos realizar o isolamento de neurônios de 2 camadas separadas (16 camundongos totais) em aproximadamente 4 h. O passo-chave na viabilidade é poder extrair com eficiência as cordas espinhais dos ratos. O rendimento permite revestir vários poços e a capacidade de testar os neurônios em várias condições. Nós conseguimos tratar os neurônio...

<html> Compreender a patologia da medula espinhal requer o uso de vários modelos, tanto no nível macroscópico quanto microscópico. Os modelos de animais grandes e pequenos 1 , 2 , 3 são utilizados para investigações in vivo de doenças da medula espinhal e lesões. Ao estudar estas questões in vivo tem seus méritos, a análise da medula espinhal é limitada ao homogeneizado da medula espinal inteira ou às seções de tecido 4 . Isso cria alguma ambigüidade ao tentar isolar respostas e alvos específicos na medula espinhal entre seus neurônios residentes e glia circundante. A crescente disponibilidade de camundongos manipulados geneticamente permite investigações mais detalhadas da biologia em níveis celulares e moleculares. Assim, um modelo de rato neonatal é usado aqui, permitindo o estudo das propriedades únicas e biologia dos neurônios da medula espinhal in vitro . O isolamento e manutenção de neurônios in vitro não é particularmente direto. Existe uma abundância relativa de técnicas de isolamento de neurônios do tecido cortical de roedores adultos que parecem resultar em um número substancial de neurônios isolados ( ou seja, milhões) 5 , 6 , 7. Em contraste, o rendimento de neurônios do tecido da medula espinhal é menor 8 , 9 , 10 , em parte devido à menor massa de tecido. Além disso, em camundongos, há uma escassez relativa de técnicas para o isolamento de neonatologia Os neurônios da medula espinhal e os métodos existentes são limitados por menores rendimentos de neurônios ( ou seja, centenas) 9 ou técnicas pesadas e pesadas que exigem o isolamento de camundongos embrionários 10 . Neste protocolo, nósUse uma técnica que permita o isolamento efetivo de custo e recursos de um número substancial de neurônios das cordas espinhais de camundongos neonatais. Como é comum em técnicas previamente publicadas, utilizamos papaina como protease enzimática, permitindo a liberação de neurônios do tecido da medula espinhal 5 , 6 . Além disso, usamos um gradiente de densidade para a separação de células refinadas, que anteriormente foi mostrado como efetivo 6 , 10 . Embora o meio em que as células estejam incubadas possa variar, em nossa experiência e como publicado anteriormente 11 , a suplementação com suplemento de meio de cultura B27 fresco provou ser crítica para a longevidade do neurônio. Os neurônios são geralmente viáveis ​​por até 10 dias, permitindo que o tratamento seja realizado.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1357">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:331px;">Hibernate A Medium - 500 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">A1247501</td>
			<td style="width:805px;">https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/A1247501</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hibernate A Minus Calcium - 500 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Brainbits</td>
			<td>HA-Ca</td>
			<td>http://www.brainbitsllc.com/hibernate-a-minus-calcium/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glutamax 100X - 100 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/35050079</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">B27 Supplement 50X - 10 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>17504044</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/17504044</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Papain, Lyophilized - 100 mg</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Worthington</td>
			<td>LS003119</td>
			<td>http://www.worthington-biochem.com/pap/cat.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Neurobasal A Medium - 500 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>10888022</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/10888022</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>15140122</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/15140122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Poly-D-lysine hydrobromide - 5 mg</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6407-5MG</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/p6407?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Laminin - 1 mg</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>23017015</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/23017015</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypan Blue - 20 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8154-20ML</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t8154?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">OptiPrep Density Gradient Medium - 250 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D1556-250ML</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/d1556?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dichlorodimethylsilane (DMDCS, Sigma Silicoat)</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>440272-100ML</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/440272?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>288306-1L</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/288306?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:331px;">Glass Pippette - 9&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:107px;">13-678-20C</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/cls7095d9?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pipette bulb - 5 mL</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>Z186678-3EA</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/z186678?lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;cm_sp=Insite-_-prodRecCold_xviews-_-prodRecCold10-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BRAND&#174;&#160;Petri dish, glass - 60x15 mm</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>BR455717-10EA</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/br455717?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile 24 Well Cell Culture Plate</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M8812-100EA</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/m8812?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Hausser Hemacytometer (glass counting chamber)</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td>02-671-6</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/hausser-bright-line-phase-hemacytometer-hemacytometer/026716</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Glass Slides - 12 mm sterile cover glass - uncoated</td>
			<td>Neuvitro</td>
			<td>GG-12-1.5-Pre</td>
			<td>http://www.neuvitro.com/german-coverslip-12mm-diameter.htm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NeuN Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody - 100 &#181;L</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Abcam</td>
			<td>ab177487</td>
			<td>After fixing in paraformaldehyde and blocking with 5% BSA, cells on a 12 mm coverslip were incubated in the antibody diluded to 1:200 for 18 hours in 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MAP-2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody - 50 &#181;L</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Abcam</td>
			<td>ab11267</td>
			<td>After fixing in paraformaldehyde and blocking with 5% BSA, cells on a 12 mm coverslip were incubated in the antibody diluded to 1:500 for 18 hours in 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

spinal cord neurons isolation and culture from neonatal mice

Apresentamos um protocolo para o isolamento e a cultura dos neurônios da medula espinhal. Os neurônios são obtidos a partir de camundongos C57BL / 6 neonatais e são isolados no dia 1 pós-natal. Uma maca de rato, geralmente 4-10 cachorros nascidos de um par reprodutor, é recolhida para uma experiência e as cordas espinhais são coletadas individualmente de cada mouse após a eutanásia com isoflurano. A coluna vertebral é dissecada e depois a medula espinal é liberada da coluna. As cordas espinhais são então picadas para aumentar a área superficial de parto para uma protease enzimática que permite que os neurônios e outras células sejam liberados do tecido. A trituração é então usada para liberar as células em solução. Esta solução é subsequentemente fraccionada em um gradiente de densidade para separar as várias células em solução, permitindo que os neurônios sejam isolados. Aproximadamente 1-2,5 x 10 6 neurônios podem ser isolados de um grupo de lixo. Os neurônios são então semeados em poços revestidos com adesãoRs que permitem um crescimento e maturação adequados. Os neurônios levam aproximadamente 7 dias para atingir a maturidade no meio de crescimento e cultura e podem ser usados ​​posteriormente para tratamento e análise.

Usando esta técnica, uma única ninhada (4-10 filhotes) permite o isolamento de 1-2,5 10 6 neurônios adequados para semeadura em placas de cultura. Tipicamente, 4-8 poços são semeados na concentração mencionada acima ( ou seja, 300.000 células / mL). A Figura 3 demonstra o aparecimento de neurônios nesta concentração após uma semana de cultura em microscopia de luz de ampliação baixa ( a ) e alta ( b<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Spinal Cord Neurons Isolation and Culture from Neonatal Mice at JoVE.com

Spinal Cord Neurons Isolation and Culture from Neonatal Mice

Este estudo apresenta uma técnica para o isolamento de neurônios de ratos neonatais WT. Requer a dissecção cuidadosa da medula espinhal do rato neonatal, seguida da separação de neurônios do tecido da medula espinhal através da clivagem mecânica e enzimática.

Isolamento e cultura de neurônios da medula espinhal de ratos neonatais

We present a protocol for the isolation and culture of spinal cord neurons. The neurons are obtained from neonatal C57BL/6 mice and are isolated on ...

spinal-cord-neurons-isolation-and-culture-from-neonatal-mice

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

19.0K visualizações.  University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus.  Este estudo apresenta uma técnica para o isolamento de neurônios de ratos neonatais WT. Requer a dissecção cuidadosa da medula espinhal do rato neonatal, seguida da separação de neurônios do tecido da medula espinhal através da clivagem mecânica e enzimática. 

Vídeo: Spinal Cord Neurons Isolation and Culture from Neonatal Mice

Dissection and Culture of Commissural Neurons from Embryonic Spinal Cord

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the dorsal spinal cord and their axons follow stereotyped trajectories during embryonic development. Commissural axons initially project ventrally towards the floorplate. After crossing the midline, these axons turn anteriorly and project towards the brain. Each of these steps is regulated by the action of several guidance cues. Cultures highly enriched in commissural neurons are ideally suited for many experiments addressing the mechanisms of axon pathfinding, including turning assays, immunochemistry and biochemistry. Here, we describe a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. First, the spinal cord is isolated and dorsal strips are dissected out. The dorsal tissue is then dissociated into a cell suspension by trypsinization and mechanical disruption. Neurons are plated onto poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips or tissue-culture dishes. After 30 hours in vitro, most neurons have extended an axon. The purity of the culture (Yam et al. 2009), typically over 90%, can be assessed by immunolabeling with the commissural neuron markers DCC, LH2 and TAG1 (Helms and Johnson, 1998). This neuronal preparation is a useful tool for in vitro studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of commissural axon growth and guidance during spinal cord development.

This video demonstrates a method to dissect and culture commissural neurons from E13 rat dorsal spinal cord. Dissociated commissural neurons are useful to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of axon growth and guidance.

Dissecção e Cultura de Neurônios da Medula Espinhal comissural embrionárias

Commissural neurons have been widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying axon guidance during embryonic spinal cord development. The cell bodies ...

Neurociência

Lateral Fluid Percussion: Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research has attained renewed momentum due to the increasing awareness of head injuries, which result in morbidity and mortality. Based on the nature of primary injury following TBI, complex and heterogeneous secondary consequences result, which are followed by regenerative processes 1,2. Primary injury can be induced by a direct contusion to the brain from skull fracture or from shearing and stretching of tissue causing displacement of brain due to movement 3,4. The resulting hematomas and lacerations cause a vascular response 3,5, and the morphological and functional damage of the white matter leads to diffuse axonal injury 6-8. Additional secondary changes commonly seen in the brain are edema and increased intracranial pressure 9. Following TBI there are microscopic alterations in biochemical and physiological pathways involving the release of excitotoxic neurotransmitters, immune mediators and oxygen radicals 10-12, which ultimately result in long-term neurological disabilities 13,14. Thus choosing appropriate animal models of TBI that present similar cellular and molecular events in human and rodent TBI is critical for studying the mechanisms underlying injury and repair.
Various experimental models of TBI have been developed to reproduce aspects of TBI observed in humans, among them three specific models are widely adapted for rodents: fluid percussion, cortical impact and weight drop/impact acceleration 1. The fluid percussion device produces an injury through a craniectomy by applying a brief fluid pressure pulse on to the intact dura. The pulse is created by a pendulum striking the piston of a reservoir of fluid. The percussion produces brief displacement and deformation of neural tissue 1,15. Conversely, cortical impact injury delivers mechanical energy to the intact dura via a rigid impactor under pneumatic pressure 16,17. The weight drop/impact model is characterized by the fall of a rod with a specific mass on the closed skull 18. Among the TBI models, LFP is the most established and commonly used model to evaluate mixed focal and diffuse brain injury 19. It is reproducible and is standardized to allow for the manipulation of injury parameters. LFP recapitulates injuries observed in humans, thus rendering it clinically relevant, and allows for exploration of novel therapeutics for clinical translation 20.
We describe the detailed protocol to perform LFP procedure in mice. The injury inflicted is mild to moderate, with brain regions such as cortex, hippocampus and corpus callosum being most vulnerable. Hippocampal and motor learning tasks are explored following LFP.

Lateral fluid percussion (LFP), an established model of traumatic brain injury in mice, is demonstrated. LFP fulfills three major criteria for animal models: validity, reliability and clinical relevance. The procedure, consisting of surgical craniotomy, fixation of hub followed by induction of injury, resulting in focal and diffuse injuries, is described.

Percussão Fluid lateral: Modelo de Lesão em Ratos

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research has attained renewed momentum due to the increasing awareness of head injuries, which result in morbidity and ...

Isolation and Culture of Hippocampal Neurons from Prenatal Mice

Primary cultures of rat and murine hippocampal neurons are widely used to reveal cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. By isolating and growing individual neurons, researchers are able to analyze properties related to cellular trafficking, cellular structure and individual protein localization using a variety of biochemical techniques. Results from such experiments are critical for testing theories addressing the neural basis of memory and learning. However, unambiguous results from these forms of experiments are predicated on the ability to grow neuronal cultures with minimum contamination by other brain cell types. In this protocol, we use specific media designed for neuron growth and careful dissection of embryonic hippocampal tissue to optimize growth of healthy neurons while minimizing contaminating cell types (i.e. astrocytes). Embryonic mouse hippocampal tissue can be more difficult to isolate than similar rodent tissue due to the size of the sample for dissection. We show detailed dissection techniques of hippocampus from embryonic day 19 (E19) mouse pups. Once hippocampal tissue is isolated, gentle dissociation of neuronal cells is achieved with a dilute concentration of trypsin and mechanical disruption designed to separate cells from connective tissue while providing minimum damage to individual cells. A detailed description of how to prepare pipettes to be used in the disruption is included. Optimal plating densities are provided for immuno-fluorescence protocols to maximize successful cell culture. The protocol provides a fast (approximately 2 hr) and efficient technique for the culture of neuronal cells from mouse hippocampal tissue.

We provide a protocol for the culture of highly purified hippocampal neurons from prenatal mouse brains without the use of a feeder glial cell layer.

Isolamento e Cultura de neurônios do hipocampo de ratos pré-natal

Primary cultures of rat and murine hippocampal neurons are widely used to reveal cellular mechanisms in neurobiology. By isolating and growing individual ...

Chicken Embryo Spinal Cord Slice Culture Protocol

Slice cultures can facilitate the manipulation of embryo development both pharmacologically and through gene manipulations. In this reduced system, potential lethal side effects due to systemic drug applications can be overcome. However, culture conditions must ensure that normal development proceeds within the reduced environment of the slice. We have focused on the development of the spinal cord, particularly that of spinal motor neurons. We systematically varied culture conditions of chicken embryo slices from the point at which most spinal motor neurons had been born. We assayed the number and type of motor neurons that survived during the culture period and the position of those motor neurons compared to that in vivo. We found that serum type and neurotrophic factors were required during the culture period and were able to keep motor neurons alive for at least 24 hr and allow those motor neurons to migrate to appropriate positions in the spinal cord. We present these culture conditions and the methodology of preparing the embryo slice cultures using eviscerated chicken embryos embedded in agarose and sliced using a vibratome.

Slice cultures facilitate the manipulation of embryo development by gene and pharmacological perturbations. However, culture conditions must ensure that normal development can proceed within the reduced environment of the slice. We illustrate a protocol that facilitates normal spinal cord development to proceed for at least 24 hr.

Embrião de galinha Spinal Cord Protocolo Cultura Slice

Slice cultures can facilitate the manipulation of  embryo development both pharmacologically and through gene manipulations. In  this reduced system, ...

Isolation and Culture of Dissociated Sensory Neurons From Chick Embryos

Neurons are multifaceted cells that carry information essential for a variety of functions including sensation, motor movement, learning, and memory. Studying neurons in vivo can be challenging due to their complexity, their varied and dynamic environments, and technical limitations. For these reasons, studying neurons in vitro can prove beneficial to unravel the complex mysteries of neurons. The well-defined nature of cell culture models provides detailed control over environmental conditions and variables. Here we describe how to isolate, dissociate, and culture primary neurons from chick embryos. This technique is rapid, inexpensive, and generates robustly growing sensory neurons. The procedure consistently produces cultures that are highly enriched for neurons and has very few non-neuronal cells (less than 5%). Primary neurons do not adhere well to untreated glass or tissue culture plastic, therefore detailed procedures to create two distinct, well-defined laminin-containing substrata for neuronal plating are described. Cultured neurons are highly amenable to multiple cellular and molecular techniques, including co-immunoprecipitation, live cell imagining, RNAi, and immunocytochemistry. Procedures for double immunocytochemistry on these cultured neurons have been optimized and described here.

Cell culture models provide detailed control over environmental conditions and thus provide a powerful platform to elucidate numerous aspects of neuronal cell biology. We describe a rapid, inexpensive, and reliable method to isolate, dissociate, and culture sensory neurons from chick embryos. Details of substrata preparation and immunocytochemistry are also provided.

Isolamento e Cultura de Dissociated neurônios sensoriais de Chick Embriões

Neurons are multifaceted cells that carry information essential for a variety of functions including sensation, motor movement, learning, and memory. ...

Zebrafish In Situ Spinal Cord Preparation for Electrophysiological Recordings from Spinal Sensory and Motor Neurons

Zebrafish, first introduced as a developmental model, have gained popularity in many other fields. The ease of rearing large numbers of rapidly developing organisms, combined with the embryonic optical clarity, served as initial compelling attributes of this model. Over the past two decades, the success of this model has been further propelled by its amenability to large-scale mutagenesis screens and by the ease of transgenesis. More recently, gene-editing approaches have extended the power of the model.
For neurodevelopmental studies, the zebrafish embryo and larva provide a model to which multiple methods can be applied. Here, we focus on methods that allow the study of an essential property of neurons, electrical excitability. Our preparation for the electrophysiological study of zebrafish spinal neurons involves the use of veterinarian suture glue to secure the preparation to a recording chamber. Alternative methods for recording from zebrafish embryos and larvae involve the attachment of the preparation to the chamber using a fine tungsten pin1,2,3,4,5. A tungsten pin is most often used to mount the preparation in a lateral orientation, although it has been used to mount larvae dorsal-side up4. The suture glue has been used to mount embryos and larvae in both orientations. Using the glue, a minimal dissection can be performed, allowing access to spinal neurons without the use of an enzymatic treatment, thereby avoiding any resultant damage. However, for larvae, it is necessary to apply a brief enzyme treatment to remove the muscle tissue surrounding the spinal cord. The methods described here have been used to study the intrinsic electrical properties of motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons at several developmental stages6,7,8,9.

Zebrafish In Situ Spinal Cord Preparation for Electrophysiological Recordings from Spinal Sensory and Motor Neurons

This manuscript describes methods for electrophysiological recordings from spinal neurons of zebrafish embryos and larvae. The preparation maintains neurons in situ and often involves minimum dissection. These methods allow for the electrophysiological study of a variety of spinal neurons, from the initial electrical excitability acquisition through the early larval stages.

zebrafish<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Spinal Cord Preparação para gravações eletrofisiológicas da Spinal Sensorial e Motor Neurons

Zebrafish, first introduced as a developmental model, have gained popularity in many other fields. The ease of rearing large numbers of rapidly developing ...

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in adult mammalian animals remains elusive. In this study, we describe an experimental procedure for measuring calcium dynamics through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy. This method enables recordings and quantifications of neural activity in bilateral mouse brain regions one at a time in the same experiment for a prolonged period in vivo. Key aspects of this method, which can be completed within an hour, include minimally invasive surgery procedures for creating dual optical windows, and the use of 2P imaging. Although we only demonstrate the technique in the S1 area, the method can be applied to other regions of the living brain facilitating the elucidation of structural and functional complexities of brain neural networks.

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

We describe an experimental procedure for measuring neuronal activity through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy in vivo.

Imagem de atividade Neural no córtex somatossensorial primário usando Thy1-GCaMP6s de ratos transgênicos

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in ...

Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice

Mammalian inspiratory rhythm is generated from a neuronal network in a region of the medulla called the preB&#246;tzinger complex (pBC), which produces a signal driving the rhythmic contraction of inspiratory muscles. Rhythmic neural activity generated in the pBC and carried to other neuronal pools to drive the musculature of breathing may be studied using various approaches, including en bloc nerve recordings and transverse slice recordings. However, previously published methods have not extensively described the brainstem-spinal cord dissection process in a transparent and reproducible manner for future studies. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of a method used to reproducibly cut rhythmically-active brainstem slices containing the necessary and sufficient neuronal circuitry for generating and transmitting inspiratory drive. This work builds upon previous brainstem-spinal cord electrophysiology protocols to enhance the likelihood of reliably obtaining viable and rhythmically-active slices for recording neuronal output from the pBC, hypoglossal premotor neurons (XII pMN), and hypoglossal motor neurons (XII MN). The work presented expands upon previous published methods by providing detailed, step-by-step illustrations of the dissection, from whole rat pup, to in vitro slice containing the XII rootlets.

This protocol both visually communicates the brainstem-spinal cord preparation and clarifies the preparation of brainstem transverse slices in a comprehensive step-by-step manner. It was designed to increase reproducibility and enhance the likelihood of obtaining viable, long lasting, rhythmically-active slices for recording neural output from the respiratory regions of the brainstem.

Preparação de ritmicamente ativo em Vitro Neonatal roedores tronco cerebral-medular e fatia fina

Mammalian inspiratory rhythm is generated from a neuronal network in a region of the medulla called the preB&#246;tzinger complex (pBC), which produces a ...

Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice

Oculomotor neurons (CN3s) and trochlear neurons (CN4s) exhibit remarkable resistance to degenerative motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) when compared to spinal motor neurons (SMNs). The ability to isolate and culture primary mouse CN3s, CN4s, and SMNs would provide an approach to study mechanisms underlying this selective vulnerability. To date, most protocols use heterogeneous cell cultures, which can confound the interpretation of experimental outcomes. To minimize the problems associated with mixed-cell populations, pure cultures are indispensable. Here, the first protocol describes in detail how to efficiently purify and cultivate CN3s/CN4s alongside SMNs counterparts from the same embryos using embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) IslMN:GFP transgenic mouse embryos. The protocol provides details on the tissue dissection and dissociation, FACS-based cell isolation, and in vitro cultivation of cells from CN3/CN4 and SMN nuclei. This protocol adds a novel in vitro CN3/CN4 culture system to existing protocols and simultaneously provides a pure species- and age-matched SMN culture for comparison. Analyses focusing on the morphological, cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological characteristics of motor neurons are feasible in this culture system. This protocol will enable research into the mechanisms that define motor neuron development, selective vulnerability, and disease.

Isolation and Culture of Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Spinal Motor Neurons from Prenatal Islmn:GFP Transgenic Mice

This work presents a protocol to yield homogeneous cell cultures of primary oculomotor, trochlear, and spinal motor neurons. These cultures can be used for comparative analyses of the morphological, cellular, molecular, and electrophysiological characteristics of ocular and spinal motor neurons.

Isolamento e Cultura dos neurônios oculomotores, trochlear e motores espinhais de pré-natal Islmn:GFP Ratos Transgênicos

Oculomotor neurons (CN3s) and trochlear neurons (CN4s) exhibit remarkable resistance to degenerative motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral ...

Intra-Arterial Delivery of Neural Stem Cells to the Rat and Mouse Brain: Application to Cerebral Ischemia

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to intracranial delivery, intra-arterial administration of NSCs is less invasive and produces a more diffuse distribution of NSCs within the brain parenchyma. Further, intra-arterial delivery allows the first-pass effect in the brain circulation, lessening the potential for trapping of cells in peripheral organs, such as liver and spleen, a complication associated with peripheral injections. Here, we detail the methodology, in both mice and rats, for delivery of NSCs through the common carotid artery (mouse) or external carotid artery (rat) to the ipsilateral hemisphere after an ischemic stroke. Using GFP-labeled NSCs, we illustrate the widespread distribution achieved throughout the rodent ipsilateral hemisphere at 1 d, 1 week and 4 weeks after postischemic delivery, with a higher density in or near the ischemic injury site. In addition to long-term survival, we show evidence of differentiation of GFP-labeled cells at 4 weeks. The intra-arterial delivery approach described here for NSCs can also be used for administration of therapeutic compounds, and thus has broad applicability to varied CNS injury and disease models across multiple species.

A method for delivering neural stem cells, adaptable for injecting solutions or suspensions, through the common carotid artery (mouse) or external carotid artery (rat) after ischemic stroke is reported. Injected cells are distributed broadly throughout the brain parenchyma and can be detected up to 30 d after delivery.

Entrega intra-arterial de células-tronco neurais ao cérebro de ratos e ratos: aplicação à isquemia cerebral

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to ...

Isolamento e cultura de neurônios da medula espinhal de ratos neonatais

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