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In This Article

  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Protocol
  • Representative Results
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Materials
  • References
  • Reprints and Permissions

Summary

This protocol is for the performance of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) on rat. The operator performs a long and tubular-stapled gastric pouch followed by hand-sewn anastomosis. For this model, the operator reproduces the same ratio between biliopancreatic and common limb in humans; therefore, the biliopancreatic limb measures 35 cm.

Abstract

The goal of this protocol is to set up a preclinical model of bariatric surgery and, more specifically, OAGB in obese rats. Based on this preclinical model, longitudinal studies can be carried out to provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the outcomes seen after bariatric surgery in humans. For this purpose, rats are operated on through a laparotomy under general anesthesia with isoflurane. First, the surgeon creates a long and tubular gastric pouch: after greater curve and hiatal dissection, the nonglandular stomach is stapled and removed. Then, the remaining stomach is also stapled in order to create a gastric tube and exclude the antrum of the stomach. After that, the surgeon performs a single end-to-side gastrojejunostomy 35 cm from the duodenojejunal angle. This limb length has been chosen in order to reproduce the same ratio between the biliopancreatic limb (BPL) and common limb (CL) length as in human bariatric surgery. The operation ends by aponeurotic and cutaneous closure. The early postoperative management consists of subcutaneous hydration, an intramuscular prophylactic antibiotic injection, a parietal injection of xylocaine, the administration of painkillers, and a progressive reintroduction of diet.

Introduction

Morbid obesity is a major health issue in the western world, with increasing prevalence1. Bariatric surgery remains the only long-term effective therapy for morbid obesity2, with clear benefits on obesity-related comorbidities3. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains the gold standard as it is one of the oldest procedures and one of the most-performed worldwide with the longest follow-up4. OAGB is a more recent procedure first described in 2001 by Rutledge5. It has been described as an effective alternative to RYGB6 and has s....

Protocol

All animal use conformed to the European Community guidelines and was approved by the local ethics committee (Comité d'éthique en expérimentation animale N° 121) and the Ministry of Higher Education and Research (Ref #02285.03).

1. Animals and Diets

  1. Rats
    1. Use male Wistar rats weighing 260 - 320 g, started on a high-fat diet (HFD) at 7 weeks of age.
  2. Diet
    1. Induce a diet-induced obe.......

Representative Results

This protocol is reproducible and mimics OAGB as practiced on humans. The safety of this protocol is supported with published data23,24 with a low mortality rate between 12% and 25%. Different surgeons in the research team with a similar mortality rate have practiced this protocol.

Nonetheless, learning rodent surgery is complex, and the use of magnifying glasses is mand.......

Discussion

This protocol has the advantage of mimicking OAGB practiced routinely in humans. Its safety and reproducibility in rats have been demonstrated in clinical and metabolic results.

The anastomosis in this protocol poses a technical difficulty and is the main critical step. For this, it is necessary to use specific microsurgical tools, such as a microsurgery needle-holder or magnifying glasses. In order to realize a hermetic anastomosis without any stenosis, it is necessary to perform at least sev.......

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Jean Pierre Marmuse for his constant help and support; Eglantine Voitellier, Jean-Baptiste Cavin, and Houneyda El Jindi for setting up the models and the illustrations; Anne-Charlotte Jarry and Andreia Goncalves for their help with the videos; Sara J. Zaat for editing the text in English. Matthieu A. Siebert and Lara Ribeiro-Parenti were recipients of sponsorships from the Fondation pour la recherché médicale (FRM) and the Association française de chirurgie (AFC).

....

Materials

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
High-Fat Diet, 45 % fat Genestil, Royaucourt, FranceC 1090-45http://www.genestil.com/
Metzenbaum ScissorsWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US501739https://www.wpi-europe.com
Dumont TweezersWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US14098https://www.wpi-europe.com
Iris ForcepsWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US15915https://www.wpi-europe.com
Iris Scissors 10cmWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US14218https://www.wpi-europe.com
Needle HolderWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US14110https://www.wpi-europe.com
Alm Self Retaining RetractorWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US14240https://www.wpi-europe.com
Baby Mixter Hemostatic Forceps,  Right AngleWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US501240https://www.wpi-europe.com
Non woven sterile swabsLCH Medical Products, Paris, FranceSN40-0755www.lch-medical.com
Galilean Binocular Loupe 2.5xWorld Precision instrument, Sarasota, US504056https://www.wpi-europe.com
Digestive thread: Isotactic polypropylene, monofil Prolene 7-0 Ethicon, Issy les  Moulineaux, FranceEH7813Ewww.ethicon.com
Parietal thread : Coated Braided Polyester Ti-Cron 2-0Covidien, Mannsfield, MA, USA3003-52www.covidien.com
Cutaneous thread : Polyglactin, VICRYL RAPIDE 4-0 Ethicon, Issy les  Moulineaux, FranceVR3100www.ethicon.com
ETS-Flex 35- mm staple gunEthicon, Issy les  Moulineaux, FranceATS45www.ethicon.com
Proximate Reloadable StaplersEthicon, Issy les  Moulineaux, FranceXR30Vwww.ethicon.com
TA-DST 30mm-3.5mmEthicon, Issy les  Moulineaux, FranceTX30Bwww.ethicon.com
Alcoholic 5% BetadineMEDA Pharma, Merignac, France41085www.medapharma.fr
LIDOCAINE AGUETTANT 20 mg/mlLABORATOIRE AGUETTANT, Lyon, France3400940000000.0https://www.aguettant.fr
Penicillin G 5MUIPanpharma, Luitre, France3.40E+12https://www.panpharma.eu/fr
Bionolyte G5 ; Sodium chloride 0.4%, glucose 5%, potassium chloride 0.2%)Baxter, Maurepas, France
Liquid dietGenestil, Royaucourt, FranceC-0200Thttp://www.genestil.com/
Isoflurane 100%Centravet, Plancoet, FranceISO007http://cooperative.centravet.net

References

  1. Ogden, C. L., et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States, 1999-2004. Journal of American Medical Association. 295, 1549-1555 (2006).
  2. Buchwald, H.

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