Collection of Frozen Rodent Brain Regions for Downstream Analyses

Summary

This procedure describes the collection of discrete frozen brain regions to obtain high-quality protein and RNA using inexpensive and commonly available tools.

Abstract

As our understanding of neurobiology has progressed, molecular analyses are often performed on small brain areas such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or nucleus accumbens. The challenge in this work is to dissect the correct area while preserving the microenvironment to be examined. In this paper, we describe a simple, low-cost method using resources readily available in most labs. This method preserves nucleic acid and proteins by keeping the tissue frozen throughout the process. Brains are cut into 0.5–1.0 mm sections using a brain matrix and arranged on a frozen glass plate. Landmarks within each section are compared to a reference, such as the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas, and regions are dissected using a cold scalpel or biopsy punch. Tissue is then stored at -80 °C until use. Through this process rat and mouse mPFC, nucleus accumbens, dorsal and ventral hippocampus and other regions have been successfully analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western assays. This method is limited to brain regions that can be identified by clear landmarks.

Introduction

This work illustrates the dissection of frozen brain regions for extraction of high-quality nucleic acid or protein using a reference, such as the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas¹, as a guide. In this technique, brains are flash-frozen and stored at -80 °C for later sectioning and dissection while being maintained in a frozen condition. This process allows the researcher to harvest a large number of brains in one session and later dissect them for an accurate collection of multiple brain regions.

The accurate collection of brain regions of interest (ROIs) is often required when answering questions related to gene and pr....

Protocol

Animals used in this study were treated in an ethical and humane manner as set forth by Indiana University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines.

NOTE: All tools and surfaces should be washed with an appropriate solvent to remove nucleases¹⁸ before starting any work.

1. Storing brains

1. Quickly remove the brains from euthanized adult CD1 wildtype mice weighing .......

Discussion

This work describes a technique to isolate small, specific regions of brain while limiting degradation of nucleic acid and protein. Damage to brain tissues happens quickly once an organism dies. This is partially due to a rapid buildup of extracellular glutamate and the resultant excitotoxicity that occurs²¹. Messenger RNA is particularly vulnerable to degradation^22,23. Breakdown of protein and nucleic acid is greatly reduced at low temper.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.5 mm Mouse coronal brain matrice	Braintree Scientific	BS-SS 505C	Cutting block
0.5 mm Rat coronal brain matrice	Braintree Scientific	BS-SS 705C	Cutting block
1.0 mm Biopsy Punch with plunger	Electron Microscopy Sciences	69031-01
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes	Dot Scientific	229443	For storing frozen ROIs
1.5 mm Biopsy Punch with plunger	Electron Microscopy Sciences	69031-02
2.0 mm Biopsy Punch with plunger	Electron Microscopy Sciences	69031-03
4-12% NuPage gel	Invitrogen	NPO323BOX	protein gradient gel
Bioanalyzer System	Agilent	2100	RNA analysis system
Dounce tissue grinder	Millipore Sigma	D8938	Glass tissue homogenizer
Dry Ice
Fiber-Lite	Dolan-Jenner Industries Inc.	Model 180	Cool lamp
Glass plates	LabRepCo	11074010
HALT	ThermoFisher	78440	protease inhibitor cocktail
Low profile blades	Sakura Finetek USA Inc.	4689
mouse anti-actin antibody	Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank	JLA20	Antibody
Nanodrop	Thermo Scientific	2000C	Used in initial RNA purity analysis
No. 15 surgical blade	Surgical Design Inc	17467673
Odyssey Blocking buffer	LiCor Biosciences	927-40000	Western blocking reagent
Omni Tissue Master 125	VWR	10046-866	Tissue homogenizer
rabbit anti-KCC2 antibody	Cell Signaling Technology	94725S	Antibody
RNA Plus Micro Kit	Qiagen	73034	Used to extract RNA from small tissue samples
RNaseZap	Life Technologies	AM9780
Scalpel handle	Excelta Corp.	16050103
Standard razor blades	American Line	66-0362
TRIzol Reagent	ThermoFisher Scientific	15596026	Used to extract RNA from tissue