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* These authors contributed equally
We present a method of cell injection via needle free waterjet technology coupled with a sequela of post-delivery investigations in terms of cellular viability, proliferation, and elasticity measurements.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a highly prevalent condition characterized by the deficiency of the urethral sphincter muscle. Regenerative medicine branches, particularly cell therapy, are novel approaches to improve and restore the urethral sphincter function. Even though injection of active functional cells is routinely performed in clinical settings by needle and syringe, these approaches have significant disadvantages and limitations. In this context, needle-free waterjet (WJ) technology is a feasible and innovative method that can inject viable cells by visual guided cystoscopy in the urethral sphincter. In the present study, we used WJ to deliver porcine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (pADSCs) into cadaveric urethral tissue and subsequently investigated the effect of WJ delivery on cell yield and viability. We also assessed the biomechanical features (i.e., elasticity) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. We showed that WJ delivered pADSCs were significantly reduced in their cellular elasticity. The viability was significantly lower compared to controls but is still above 80%.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a widespread disorder with a prevalence of 1.8 - 30.5% in European populations1 and is characterized primarily by malfunctioning of the urethral sphincter. From a clinical perspective, surgical treatment is often offered to patients when conservative therapies or physiotherapy fail to address and alleviate the emerging symptoms.
Cell therapy for the potential regenerative repair of the sphincter complex malfunction has been emerging as an avant-garde approach for the treatment of UI pathology2,3. Its main goals are to replace, rep....
The porcine adipose tissue samples were obtained from the Institute for Experimental Surgery at the University of Tuebingen. All procedures were approved by local animal welfare authorities under the animal experiment number CU1/16.
1. Isolation of porcine adipose tissue-derived stromal cells
Following cell delivery via the two approaches, the viability of cells delivered through the WN (97.2 ± 2%, n=10, p<0.002) was higher when compared to injections by WJ using the E60-10 settings (85.9 ± 0.16%, n=12) (Figure 2). Biomechanical assessment results showed that: WN injections of cells in capture fluid displayed no significant difference with respect to the elastic moduli (EM; 0.992 kPa) when compared to the controls (1.176 kPa; Figure 3A).......
In the present study, we demonstrated and presented a step-by-step approach for WJ cell delivery procedure and employed a sequela of quantitative investigations to assess the effect of WJ delivery on cellular characteristics: cellular viability and biomechanical features (i.e., EM). Following WJ injection, 85.9% of the harvested cells were viable. In terms of WN injection, 97.2% of the cells retained their viability after injection. Thus, the WJ approach fulfills an absolute requirement for a clinical implementation: mor.......
We thank our co-authors from the original publications for their help and support.
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
50 mL centrifuge tube | Greiner BioOne | 227261 | |
1 mL BD Luer-LokTM Syringe | BD Plastik Inc | n.a. | |
100 µm cell sieve | Greiner BioOne | 542000 | |
15 mL centrifuge tube | Greiner BioOne | 188271 | |
75 cm2 tissue culture flask | Corning Incorporated | 353136 | |
AFM head | (CellHesion 200) JPK | JPK00518 | |
AFM processing software | Bruker | JPK00518 | |
AFM software | Bruker | JPK00518 | |
AFM system Cell Hesion 200 | Bruker | JPK00518 | |
All-In-One-Al cantilever | Budget Sensors | AIO-10 | tip A, Conatct Mode, Shape: Beam Force Constant: 0.2 N/m (0.04 - 0.7 N/m) Resonance Frequency: 15 kHz (10 - 20 kHz) Length: 500 µm (490 - 510 µm) Width: 30 µm (35 - 45 µm) Thickness: 2.7 µm (1.7 - 3.7 µm) |
Amphotericin B solution | Sigma | A2942 | 250 µg/ml |
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) | CellHesion 200, JPK Instruments, Berlin, Germany | JPK00518 | |
BD Microlance 3 18G | BD | 304622 | |
bovine serum albumin | Gibco | A10008-01 | |
Cantilever | All-In-One-AleTl, Budget Sensors, Sofia, Bulgaria | AIO-TL-10 | tip A, k ¼ 0.2 N/m |
C-chip disposable hemocytometer | NanoEnTek | 631-1098 | |
centrifuge: Rotina 420R | Hettich Zentrifugen | ||
Collagenase, Type I, powder | Gibco | 17100-017 | |
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium - low glucose | Sigma | D5546 | |
Feather disposable scalpel (No. 10) | Feather | 02.001.30.010 | |
fetal bovine serum (FBS) | Sigma | F7524 | |
HEPES sodium salt solution (1 M) | Sigma | H3662 | |
Inverted phase contrast microscope (Integrated with AFM) | AxioObserver D1, Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany | L201306_03 | |
laboratory bags | Brand | 759705 | |
Leibovitz's L-15 medium without l-glutamine | Merck | F1315 | |
Leibovitz's L-15 medium without L-glutamine | (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) | F1315 | |
L-glutamine | Lonza | BE 17-605C1 | 200 mM |
LIVE/DEADTM Viability/Cytotoxicity Kit | Invitrogen by Thermo Fisher Scientific | L3224 | Calcein AM and EthD-1 are used from this kit. |
Microscope software: Zen 2.6 | Zeiss | ||
Microscope: AxioVertA.1 | Zeiss | ||
Nelaton-Catheter female | Bicakcilar | 19512051 | |
Penicillin-Streptomycin | Gibco | 15140-122 | 10000 U/ml Penicillin 10000 µg/ml Streptomycin |
Petri dish heater associated with AFM | Bruker | T-05-0117 | |
Petri dish heater associated with AFM | JPK Instruments AG, Berlin, Germany | T-05-0117 | |
Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) | Gibco | 10010-015 | |
Statistical Software: SPSS Statistics 22 | IBM | ||
Sterile Petri dish - CellStar | Greiner BioOne | 664160 | |
Tissue culture dishes | TPP AG | TPP93040 | |
Tissue culture dishes | TPP Techno Plastic Products AG, Trasadingen, Switzerland | TPP93040 | |
Trypan Blue 0.4% 0.85% NaCl | Lonza | 17-942E | |
Trypsin-EDTA solution | Sigma | T3924 | |
Waterjet: ERBEJET2 device | Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH | ||
Williams Cystoscopic Injection Needle | Cook Medical | G14220 | 23G, 5.0 Fr, 35 cm |
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