AirID-Based Proximity Labeling for Protein-Protein Interaction in Plants

Summary

Here, we present a step-by-step protocol for performing the proximity labeling (PL) experiment in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) using AT4G18020 (APRR2)-AirID protein as a model. The method describes the construction of a vector, the transformation of a construct through agroinfiltration, biotin infiltration, protein extraction, and purification of biotin-labeled proteins through affinity purification technique.

Abstract

In mammalian cells and plants, proximity labeling (PL) approaches using modified ascorbate peroxidase (APEX) or the Escherichia coli biotin ligase BirA (known as BioID) have proven successful in identifying protein-protein interactions (PPIs). APEX, BioID, and TurboID, a revised version of BioID have some restrictions in addition to being valuable technologies. The recently developed AirID, a novel version of BioID for proximity identification in protein-protein interactions, overcame these restrictions. Previously, AirID has been used in animal models, while the current study demonstrates the use of AirID in plants, and the results confirmed that AirID performs better in plant systems as compared to other PL enzymes such as BioID and TurboID for protein labeling that are proximal to the target proteins. Here is a step-by-step protocol for identifying protein interaction partners using AT4G18020 (APRR2) protein as a model. The methods describe the construction of vector, the transformation of construct through agroinfiltration, biotin transformation, extraction of proteins, and enrichment of biotin-labeled proteins through affinity purification technique. The results conclude that AirID is a novel and ideal enzyme for analyzing PPIs in plants. The method can be applied to study other proteins in plants.

Introduction

Various cellular proteins work under the biologically regulatory system, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are a part of this system and the basis of many cellular processes. Besides PPIs, the function of natural proteins is post-translationally promoted via various modifications such as the formation of complex, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. Therefore, studying PPIs is significant to understanding the possible function of target proteins. PPIs have been carried out using various technologies such as mass spectrometry analysis after immunoprecipitation (IP-MS analysis)¹, yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H)²

Protocol

1. Preparation of plant material

1. Cucumis sativus (Cucumber) is employed for experimental analysis. Put the seeds in water, incubate at 50 °C for 20 min, and then place the seeds on filter paper on a Petri plate for 12-16 h.
2. Afterward, transfer the seeds to pots containing soil (purchased commercially) and grow in a climatic chamber at 23 °C temperature and 16 h light and 8 h dark photoperiod.
3. Maintain the plants in the climate chamber for 3-4 weeks until the plants reach 3 or 4 leaf stages for successful agroinfiltration.

2. Making AirID construct

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Results

According to previous research, the cucumber gene APRR2 is the candidate gene that controls white immature fruit color⁸. Here, a protocol was developed using AirID as a proximity labeling enzyme to find the interacting partner protein of APRR2 in cucumber. The construct was transferred to the cucumber leaves, and after 36 h post infiltration, biotin was transferred. After 48 h the samples were taken for western blot analysis to confirm the successful transformation. The proteins .......

Discussion

In the current experiment, AirID was used for proximity labeling, which Kido et al. developed through an algorithm of ancestral enzyme reconstruction using a large genome dataset and five conventional BirA enzymes⁵. Random mutations were used in traditional evolutionary protein engineering to enhance activity^9,10 as random mutations cannot produce dynamic sequence changes. Compared to other PL enzymes, AirID has several advantages. Previou.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Acetosyringone	Beijing solaribo science and technology Co.Ltd	S1519
Acryl/Bis 30% solution	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	1510KA4528
Agar	BioFroxx GmbH	D64683
Agarose	tsingke (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	TSJ001
Ammonium bicarbonate	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	G313BA0018
Biotin	BBI life Sciences	G908BA0012
CaCl2	BBI life Sciences	E209BA0008
Competent cells GV3101	Made in the current experiment
Desalting column	Thermo scientific	WC321753
Deoxycholic acid	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	G818BA0029
DH5α competent cells	Made in the current experiment		E.coli DH5α
β-D-maltoside	Beijing Scolario Science and Tech Co.Ltd	S818
EDTA	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	E104BA0029
Glycine	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	161BA0031
HEPES	Beijing solaribo science and technology Co.Ltd	H8090
LiCl	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	H209BA0003
MES	Beijing solaribo science and technology Co.Ltd	M8019
MiraCloth	EMD Milipore Corp/MERCK kgAa Darmstadt, Germenay	3429963	Quick filtration material filter
MgCl2	Beijing solaribo science and technology Co.Ltd	20200819
NaCl	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	H324BA0003
NP40	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	N8030
Protein inhibitor cocktail	Beijing Scolario Science and Tech Co.Ltd	S3450
PVDF	BIO-RAD	5820172
SDS	Beijing Scolario Science and Tech Co.Ltd	S1015
Silwet	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	S9430
Streptavidin-C1-conjugated magnetic beads	Enriching Biotechnology	7E511E1	Magnetic beads
TEMED	Servicebio	G2056
Triton X-100	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	GB03BA007
Tris-HCl	Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co.Ltd	F828BA0020
Tryptone	Thermo scientific	LP0042