Biz minnetle hiçbir hibe kapsamında, ABD Ulusal Bilim Vakfı Malzeme Araştırma Bölümü Seramik programından destek için minnettarım. DMR-1006515 (program yöneticisi, Dr Lynnette D. Madsen).

1. Bir Çalışma Elektrot Hazırlanması <ol><li> ~ 6 wt oluşan bir karışım hazırlamak. N-metil-2-pirolidon (NMP) içinde% poliviniliden florid (PVDF) bağlayıcı. </li><li> 80 wt tartılır. % Aktif madde (bu durumda LiCoO 2) ve 10 wt. Sonra% C siyah (asetilen, 99.9 +%) ve 1 dakika için bir girdap bunları karıştırın. </li><li> Bağlayıcı madde 10 wt oluşturduğu NMP-bağlayıcı madde karışımı gibi ekleyin. Karışımın toplam ağırlığının%. </li><li> Bir küçük cam şişeye ve yaklaşık 30 dakika için maksimum rpm&#39;de girdap mikserinde karışımı içine yukarıda karışımı transfer edin. 5 mm çapında iki zirkonya bilyalar daha karıştırma için ortam olarak kullanılabilir. Gerekirse, istenilen kıvam bulamaç elde etmek için daha fazla NMP ekleyin. </li><li> Bir cam levha üzerine akım toplayıcı (genellikle, anot ve katot bakır alüminyum) bir metal folyo yayın. Aseton kullanın ve folyo ve cam levha arasında hava kabarcıkları vardır emin olun. Bir parça ve def oluşturmak için maskeleme bandı iki katmanları kullanınkaplanacak olan bölgenin ine. </li><li> Paslanmaz çelik bir spatula ile metal folyo üzerine bulamaç uygulayın ve bir jilet kullanarak parça üzerine homojen çamur yayıldı. </li><li> ~ 90-120 hava veya vakum içinde kaplama kurumaya ° C ile yaklaşık 2-8 saat için (ki kullanılan malzeme ve bağlayıcı bağımlı ayarlanması gerekmektedir). </li><li> İki çelik plakalar (ve kaplama korumak için iki tartım kağıtları) ve hidrolik pres kullanılarak ~ 3000 lb bir yük altında basın arasındaki kaplı metal folyo koyun. </li><li> Çapı 8 mm diskler (tercihen bir torpido gözü içinde) içine kurutulmuş kaplı metal folyo yumruk. Katotlar tartılır ve torpido gözü içine aktarmadan önce sarın. </li><li> Çapı 8 mm diskler içine aynı malzemenin kaplamasız metal folyo yumruk ve bu diskleri tartın. </li></ol> 2. Elektrolit Hazırlanması <ol><li> Bir Nalgene bottl içinde elektrolit ışığa olduğu gibi, (Aralık bu durumda: EC DMC içinde 1M LiPF 6) elektrolit depolamake bir alüminyum folyo ile sarılmış. </li></ol> 3. Bir elektrot hazırlanması (bu durumda lityum folyo) <ol><li> Parlak gümüş yüzey (argon glovebox içinde) görünene kadar bir naylon fırça / paslanmaz çelik neşter kullanılarak lityum folyo yüzeyi temizleyin. </li><li> ½ inç çaplı (argon glovebox içinde) diskleri içine lityum folyo yumruk. </li></ol> 4. Coin Hücre Meclisi <ol><li> Şekil 2 jeton hücre düzeneğinin şematik bir gösterir. </li><li> Çap ve bunları kullanmak ayırıcılar 19 mm diskler içine Punch Celgard C480 membranlar. </li><li> Torpido gözü (argon ile eşanjör beş kez yıkama sonrası) içine madeni para büyüklüğünde bir olgu (CR2032), yayları ve ara (MTI Corp satın alınan), ayırıcılar ve çalışma elektrotları aktarın. </li><li> Torpido gözünde sikke hücreleri birleştirin. </li><li> Hücre fincan üzerine elektrolit iki damla ekleyin ve üzerinde çalışan elektrot yerleştirin. Başka üç ekleelektrolit ve aralarında elektrolit iki damla ile yere iki ayırıcılar damla. Üzerinde lityum elektrot yerleştirmeden önce elektrolit iki damla ekleyin. Lityum disk üzerinde iki paslanmaz çelik pullarla ve bir bahar yerleştirin. </li><li> Hücre kapağı ve kompakt sıkma makinesi (MTI Corp satın alınan) kullanarak kıvrım 3-4 kez kullanarak hücre kapatın. </li><li> Hücreleri Montajdan sonra, plastik cımbız (kısa devreyi önlemek için) kullanarak bitmiş hücreleri anlaştım. </li><li> Bir kağıt peçete kullanılarak hücrenin iki sızan aşırı elektrolit temizlenir. </li><li> Hücre testi için hazır ve glovebox dışarı alınabilir. </li></ol> 5.. Coin Hücre Testi <ol><li> En kısa sürede hazır olduğu gibi bir saat açık devre gerilimi (OCV) modunda akü test cihazı bağlı sikke hücre tutun. </li><li> Çalışan elektrot kullanılan aktif malzeme esas hücre test voltaj penceresi tanımlayabilir. </li><li> HesaplaAşağıda gösterilen hesaplamalardan kullanılarak hücrenin oretical kapasitesi. </li></ol> Mevcut toplayıcısı = W EO ile elektrot diskin ağırlığı Aynı çaptaki kaplamasız mevcut kollektör diskin ağırlığı = W CC Elektrot malzemesi, W EM, kilo verilir <img alt="Denklem 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104eq1.jpg" /> Elektrot, W AM aktif madde, ağırlık olarak verilir <img alt="Denklem 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104eq2.jpg" /> Elektrot disk, C ED için teorik kapasite ile verilir <img alt="Denklem 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104eq3.jpg" /> C teorik s olduğuAktif madde pecific kapasitesi. <ol start="4"><li> C-oranı istenen az şarj-deşarj döngüsüne sikke hücre sınayın. </li></ol> 6. Temsilcisi Sonuçlar Bir örnek olarak, bir para hücre çalışan elektrot için aktif madde olarak LiCoO 2 kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yapım sonra, hücre C / 5 oranında test edildi. Elde edilen profil Şekil 3 &#39;de gösterilmiştir. Gerilim penceresi bu parayı hücre için 3 ile 4,3 V olacak şekilde belirlenmiştir. Kapasitesi birinci şarj döngüsü için 155 mAh / g ve birinci deşarj döngüsü için 140 mAh / g idi. <img alt="Şekil 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104fig1.jpg" /> Madeni para büyüklüğünde inşaat prosedürü Şekil 1. Akış çizelgesi. İlk olarak, bir çalışma elektrotu aktif madde toz hazırlandı. Daha sonra, bir karşı elektrot temiz bir lityum folyo hazırlanır ve ayırıcılar dışarı delikli edilir. Son olarak, bir hücre olduğuargon glovebox içinde toplandı. <img alt="Şekil 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104fig2.jpg" /> Şekil 2. Onlar madeni para hücre kılıfının içine yerleştirilmiş olduğu için tüm bileşenlerini gösteren bir madeni para hücre montaj işlemi şematik. <img alt="Şekil 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104fig3.jpg" /> 3. Temsilcisi sonuçları LiCoO 2 ve lityum folyo elektrot yapılmış bir çalışma elektrot kullanılarak yapılan bir sikke hücre elde Şekil. Arsa C / 5 ücret ve taburcu edildi sikke hücre için ilk şarj ve ilk deşarj eğrileri gösterir. <img alt="Şekil 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104fig4.jpg" /> Şekil 4. Iyi ve kötü kaplamaların karşılaştırılması kurutulduktan sonra. Kaçık bir kaplama genellikle aşırı NMP sahiptir ve gözenekli kaplama genellikle s kaynaklanır bulamaç kaynaklanıryetersiz NMP vardır lurry. <img alt="Şekil 5," src="/files/ftp_upload/4104/4104fig5.jpg" /> Şekil 5. Bir un-crimped hücre ile birlikte bir de crimped madeni para hücre ve kötü crimped Madeni para büyüklüğünde, karşılaştırılması. Tipik olarak, bir kötü crimped madeni para hücre nem ile reaksiyona sonra lityum folyo şişlik nedeniyle ortam bir kaç saat sonra açık böler.

<ol>
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Çıkar çatışması ilan etti.

Deneyimlerimize göre, çalışan elektrot hazırlanmasında en kritik adım tutarlılığı ile iyi çamurlar yapıyor. Yetersiz NMP gözenekli bir kaplama neden olurken, Şekil 4&#39;te gösterildiği gibi, bulamaç içinde aşırı NMP, çatlak bir kaplama ile sonuçlanabilir. Burada sunulan çalışmada, 20 mm çapında olan CR2032 madeni para hücre durumlarda kullanılır. Bu, elektrot boyutları buna göre değiştiği nereye farklı boyutlarda jeton hücre durumlarda, kullanılabileceğini belir...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Reaktif Adı </td><td> Şirket </td><td> Katalog numarası </td></tr><tr><td> Poli (viniliden florür) </td><td> Sigma-Aldrich </td><td> 182702 </td></tr><tr><td> 1-Metil-2-pirolidinon,% 99.5 </td><td> Alfa Aesar </td><td> 31903 </td></tr><tr><td> LiCoO 2 </td><td> Alfa Aesar </td><td> 42090 </td></tr><tr><td> Karbon siyahı, asetilen, 99.9 +% </td><td> Alfa Aesar </td><td> 39724 </td></tr><tr><td> LiPF EC 6: DMC: DEC </td><td> MTI Şirketi </td><td> EQ-Be-LiPF6 </td></tr><tr><td> Celgard ayırıcı </td><td> Celgard </td><td> C480 </td></tr><tr><td> Analog Vorteks Karıştırıcı </td><td> VWR </td><td> 58816-121 </td></tr><tr><td> Elektrikli fırın </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Vakumpompalamak </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Hidrolik pres </td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Coin hücre durumda </td><td> MTI Şirketi </td><td> EQ-CR2032-CASE-304 </td></tr><tr><td> Bahar ve spacer </td><td> MTI Şirketi </td><td> EQ-CR20SprSpa-304 </td></tr><tr><td> Glovebox </td><td> mBraun </td><td> Unilab Industriesis </td></tr><tr><td> Akü test cihazı </td><td> Arbin Aletleri </td><td> BT2143 </td></tr></tbody></table>

construction and testing of coin cells of lithium ion batteries

Müşterilerine her zaman daha fazla kapasite ve daha uzun ömür talep nerede Şarj edilebilir lityum iyon piller, elektronik geniş bir uygulama var. Lityum iyon pil de elektrikli ve hibrid araçların 1 hatta elektrik şebekesi sabitleme sistemleri 2 kullanılmak üzere kabul edilmiştir. Tüm bu uygulamalar 10-13, kaplama veya yüzey değişiklikleri 14-17 ve roman bağlayıcılar 18 nanostructuring, 9 doping, yeni malzemeler 3,8 Pil dahil malzemelerin 3-7 araştırma ve geliştirme, dramatik bir artış simülasyonu. Sonuç olarak, fizikçiler, kimyacılar ve malzeme bilim adamları gittikçe artan sayıda son zamanlarda bu alana cesaret var. Coin hücreleri yaygın yeni bir pil malzemeleri test etmek için araştırma laboratuvarlarında kullanılan, hatta araştırma ve geliştirme hedef ve büyük ölçekli ve yüksek güçlü uygulamalar, küçük sikke hücreleri genellikle kapasiteleri ve hızı yetenekleri test etmek için kullanılırİlk aşamada, yeni malzeme. 2010 yılında, adsorpsiyon ve akü malzemeleri düzensizleştirilmesi (hibe yok. DMR-1.006.515) araştırmak için araştırma projesine sponsor olarak, Ulusal Bilim Vakfı (NSF) başladı. Bu projenin ilk aşaması olarak, diğer üniversitelerin (sık aramalar, e-posta alışverişi ve iki saha ziyaretleri yoluyla) diğer araştırmacılar, çok sayıda yardımı olmadan elde edilemez sikke hücreleri, montaj ve test tekniklerini öğrenmek için mücadele etmişlerdir. Böylece, biz, metin ve video ikisi tarafından, bu alanda diğer yeni araştırmacılara yardımcı olacak bir sikke hücre, montaj ve test protokolü belgelemek için yararlı olduğunu hissediyorum. Bu çaba bizim NSF projesi &quot;Geniş Etki&quot; faaliyetleri temsil eder ve aynı zamanda öğrencileri eğitmek ve ilham yardımcı olacaktır. Bu video yazıda, bir LiCoO 2 çalışma elektrodu, Li elektrot ile bir CR2032 madeni para büyüklüğünde bir araya getirmek için bir protokol belgelemekve (çok sık kullanılan) polivinil florür (PVDF) bağlayıcı. Yeni öğrenenler kolayca protokolü tekrar sağlamak için, belirli ve olabildiğince açık olarak protokol tutun. Bununla birlikte, belli araştırma ve geliştirme çalışmalarında, birçok parametre değiştirilebilir burada kabul dikkat etmek önemlidir. İlk olarak, bir farklı boyutlarda jeton hücreleri yapmak ve Li dışında bir elektrot karşı çalışan elektrot test edebilir. İkinci olarak, C siyah ve bağlayıcı miktarları genellikle araştırma amaca uygun çeşitlidir çalışan elektrot içine eklendi, örneğin, C siyah ya da eylemsiz tozu büyük miktarda &quot;intrinsik&quot; performansı test etmek için çalışma elektrotu ilave edildi katot malzemeleri 14. Üçüncü olarak, daha iyi bir bağlayıcı (PVDF dışında) ayrıca geliştirilmiş ve 18 kullanılmıştır. Son olarak, elektrolit (yerine LiPF 6) diğer tipleri de kullanılabilir; Aslında, bazı yüksek-voltaj elektrot malzemesi özel electrol bir kullanım gerektirecektirytes 7.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries at JoVE.com

Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries

Lityum iyon pillerin sikke hücreleri oluşturmak ve test etmek için bir protokol tanımlanmıştır. , Bir çalışan elektrot, bir karşı elektrot hale hazırlanması, bir glovebox içindeki bir hücre montajı ve hücre test prosedürleri spesifik sunulmaktadır.

İnşaat ve Lityum İyon pillerin Coin Hücre Testi

Rechargeable lithium ion batteries have wide applications in electronics, where customers always demand more capacity and longer lifetime.  Lithium ion ...

construction-and-testing-of-coin-cells-of-lithium-ion-batteries

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

31.2K Görüntüleme.  Clemson University. Lityum iyon pillerin sikke hücreleri oluşturmak ve test etmek için bir protokol tanımlanmıştır. , Bir çalışan elektrot, bir karşı elektrot hale hazırlanması, bir glovebox içindeki bir hücre montajı ve hücre test prosedürleri spesifik sunulmaktadır.

Video: Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Intercalation compounds such as transition metal oxides or phosphates are the most commonly used electrode materials in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. During insertion or removal of alkali metal ions, the redox states of transition metals in the compounds change and structural transformations such as phase transitions and/or lattice parameter increases or decreases occur. These behaviors in turn determine important characteristics of the batteries such as the potential profiles, rate capabilities, and cycle lives. The extremely bright and tunable x-rays produced by synchrotron radiation allow rapid acquisition of high-resolution data that provide information about these processes. Transformations in the bulk materials, such as phase transitions, can be directly observed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) gives information about the local electronic and geometric structures (e.g.&#160;changes in redox states and bond lengths). In situ experiments carried out on operating cells are particularly useful because they allow direct correlation between the electrochemical and structural properties of the materials. These experiments are time-consuming and can be challenging to design due to the reactivity and air-sensitivity of the alkali metal anodes used in the half-cell configurations, and/or the possibility of signal interference from other cell components and hardware. For these reasons, it is appropriate to carry out ex situ experiments (e.g.&#160;on electrodes harvested from partially charged or cycled cells) in some cases. Here, we present detailed protocols for the preparation of both ex situ and in situ samples for experiments involving synchrotron radiation and demonstrate how these experiments are done.

We describe the use of synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to probe details of intercalation/deintercalation processes in electrode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Both in situ and ex situ experiments are used to understand structural behavior relevant to the operation of devices

Sinkrotron Radyasyon Teknikleri Kullanarak Lityum İyon ve Sodyum iyon piller için elektrot Malzemelerin Karakterizasyonu

Intercalation compounds such as transition metal oxides or phosphates are the most commonly used electrode materials in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. ...

Mühendislik

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

Li-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and are considered as promising candidates for higher-energy applications such as electric vehicles.1,2 However, many challenges, such as energy density and battery lifetimes, need to be overcome before this particular battery technology can be widely implemented in such applications.3 This research is challenging, and we outline a method to address these challenges using in situ NPD to probe the crystal structure of electrodes undergoing electrochemical cycling (charge/discharge) in a battery. NPD data help determine the underlying structural mechanism responsible for a range of electrode properties, and this information can direct the development of better electrodes and batteries.
We briefly review six types of battery designs custom-made for NPD experiments and detail the method to construct the &#8216;roll-over&#8217; cell that we have successfully used on the high-intensity NPD instrument, WOMBAT, at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO). The design considerations and materials used for cell construction are discussed in conjunction with aspects of the actual in situ NPD experiment and initial directions are presented on how to analyze such complex in situ data.

In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Using Custom-made Lithium-ion Batteries

We describe the design and construction of an electrochemical cell for the examination of electrode materials using in situ neutron powder diffraction (NPD). We briefly comment on alternate in situ NPD cell designs and discuss methods for the analysis of the corresponding in situ NPD data produced using this cell.

Yerinde Nötron Toz Kırınım olarak Ismarlama Lityum-iyon Piller kullanma

Li-ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and are considered as promising candidates for higher-energy applications such as electric ...

Failure Analysis of Batteries Using Synchrotron-based Hard X-ray Microtomography

Imaging morphological changes that occur during the lifetime of rechargeable batteries is necessary to understand how these devices fail. Since the advent of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have known that the lithium metal anode has the highest theoretical energy density of any anode material. However, rechargeable batteries containing a lithium metal anode are not widely used in consumer products because the growth of lithium dendrites from the anode upon charging of the battery causes premature cell failure by short circuit. Lithium dendrites can also form in commercial lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes if they are improperly charged. We demonstrate that lithium dendrite growth can be studied using synchrotron-based hard X-ray microtomography. This non-destructive imaging technique allows researchers to study the growth of lithium dendrites, in addition to other morphological changes inside batteries, and subsequently develop methods to extend battery life.

Synchrotron-based hard X-ray microtomography is used to image the electrochemical growth of dendrites from a lithium metal electrode through a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.

Sinkrotron merkezli Sert X-ışını Microtomography kullanılması Akü Arıza Analizi

Imaging morphological changes that occur during the lifetime of rechargeable batteries is necessary to understand how these devices fail. Since the advent ...

Speciation and Bioavailability Measurements of Environmental Plutonium Using Diffusion in Thin Films

The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can potentially contribute to the exposure of biota and humans. The diffusive gradients in thin films technique is introduced here for in-situ measurements of Pu bioavailability and speciation. A diffusion cell constructed for laboratory experiments with Pu and the newly developed protocol make it possible to simulate the environmental behavior of Pu in model solutions of various chemical compositions. Adjustment of the oxidation states to Pu(IV) and Pu(V) described in this protocol is essential in order to investigate the complex redox chemistry of plutonium in the environment. The calibration of this technique and the results obtained in the laboratory experiments enable to develop a specific DGT device for in-situ Pu measurements in freshwaters. Accelerator-based mass-spectrometry measurements of Pu accumulated by DGTs in a karst spring allowed determining the bioavailability of Pu in a mineral freshwater environment. Application of this protocol for Pu measurements using DGT devices has a large potential to improve our understanding of the speciation and the biological transfer of Pu in aquatic ecosystems.

The technique of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) is proposed for speciation studies of plutonium. This protocol describes diffusion experiments probing the behavior of Pu(IV) and Pu(V) in presence of organic matter. DGTs deployed in a karstic spring allow assessment of the bioavailability of Pu.

İnce Filmlerde Difüzyon kullanma Çevre Pluton&#39;un Türleşme ve biyoyararlanımı Ölçümleri

The biological uptake of plutonium (Pu) in aquatic ecosystems is of particular concern since it is an alpha-particle emitter with long half-life which can ...

Non-aqueous Electrode Processing and Construction of Lithium-ion Coin Cells

Research into new and improved materials to be utilized in lithium-ion batteries (LIB) necessitates an experimental counterpart to any computational analysis. Testing of lithium-ion batteries in an academic setting has taken on several forms, but at the most basic level lies the coin cell construction. In traditional LIB electrode preparation, a multi-phase slurry composed of active material, binder, and conductive additive is cast out onto a substrate. An electrode disc can then be punched from the dried sheet and used in the construction of a coin cell for electrochemical evaluation. Utilization of the potential of the active material in a battery is critically dependent on the microstructure of the electrode, as an appropriate distribution of the primary components are crucial to ensuring optimal electrical conductivity, porosity, and tortuosity, such that electrochemical and transport interaction is optimized. Processing steps ranging from the combination of dry powder, wet mixing, and drying can all critically affect multi-phase interactions that influence the microstructure formation. Electrochemical probing necessitates the construction of electrodes and coin cells with the utmost care and precision. This paper aims at providing a step-by-step guide of non-aqueous electrode processing and coin cell construction for lithium-ion batteries within an academic setting and with emphasis on deciphering the influence of drying and calendaring.

Non-aqueous electrode processing is central to the construction of coin cells and the evaluation of new electrode chemistries for lithium-ion batteries. A step-by-step guide to the basic practices needed as an electrochemical engineer working with batteries in an academic experimental setting is furnished.

Lityum-ion Coin Hücrelerinin Susuz Elektrot İşleme ve İnşaat

Research into new and improved materials to be utilized in lithium-ion batteries (LIB) necessitates an experimental counterpart to any computational ...

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

The chemical instability of the traditional electrolyte remains a safety issue in widely used energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries. Li-ion batteries for use in devices operating at elevated temperatures require thermally stable and non-flammable electrolytes. Ionic liquids (ILs), which are non-flammable, non-volatile, thermally stable molten salts, are an ideal replacement for flammable and low boiling point organic solvent electrolytes currently used today. We herein describe the procedures to: 1) synthesize mono- and di-phosphonium ionic liquids paired with chloride or bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (TFSI) anions; 2) measure the thermal properties and stability of these ionic liquids by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA); 3) measure the electrochemical properties of the ionic liquids by cyclic voltammetry (CV); 4) prepare electrolytes containing lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide; 5) measure the conductivity of the electrolytes as a function of temperature; 6) assemble a coin cell battery with two of the electrolytes along with a Li metal anode and LiCoO2 cathode; and 7) evaluate battery performance at 100 &#176;C. We additionally describe the challenges in execution as well as the insights gained from performing these experiments.

Here, we describe protocols to prepare phosphonium-based ionic liquid and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide salt electrolytes, and assemble a non-flammable and high temperature functioning lithium-ion coin cell battery.

İyonik Sıvı Bazlı Elektrolitlerin Sentezi Li-ion Piller, Meclis ve Yüksek Sıcaklığında Performans Ölçümleri

The chemical instability of the traditional electrolyte remains a safety issue in widely used energy storage devices such as Li-ion batteries. Li-ion ...

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

Solid-state electrolytes are a promising replacement for current organic liquid electrolytes, enabling higher energy densities and improved safety of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. However, a number of setbacks prevent their integration into commercial devices. The main limiting factor is due to nanoscale phenomena occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, ultimately leading to degradation of battery operation. These key problems are highly challenging to observe and characterize as these batteries contain multiple buried interfaces. One approach for direct observation of interfacial phenomena in thin film batteries is through the fabrication of electrochemically active nanobatteries by a focused ion beam (FIB). As such, a reliable technique to fabricate nanobatteries was developed and demonstrated in recent work. Herein, a detailed protocol with a step-by-step process is presented to enable the reproduction of this nanobattery fabrication process. In particular, this technique was applied to a thin film battery consisting of LiCoO2/LiPON/a-Si, and has further been previously demonstrated by in situ cycling within a transmission electron microscope.

Focused Ion Beam Fabrication of LiPON-based Solid-state Lithium-ion Nanobatteries for In Situ Testing

A protocol for the fabrication of electrochemically active LiPON-based solid-state lithium-ion nanobatteries using a focused ion beam is presented.

LiPON tabanlı katı hal lityum-iyon Nanobatteries in Situ test etmek için odaklı iyon kiriş imalatı

Solid-state electrolytes are a promising replacement for current organic liquid electrolytes, enabling higher energy densities and improved safety of ...

Three-electrode Coin Cell Preparation and Electrodeposition Analytics for Lithium-ion Batteries

As lithium-ion batteries find use in high energy and power applications, such as in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, monitoring the degradation and subsequent safety issues becomes increasingly important. In a Li-ion cell setup, the voltage measurement across the positive and negative terminals inherently includes the effect of the cathode and anode which are coupled and sum to the total cell performance. Accordingly, the ability to monitor the degradation aspects associated with a specific electrode is extremely difficult because the electrodes are fundamentally coupled. A three-electrode setup can overcome this problem. By introducing a third (reference) electrode, the influence of each electrode can be decoupled, and the electrochemical properties can be measured independently. The reference electrode (RE) must have a stable potential that can then be calibrated against a known reference, for example, lithium metal. The three-electrode cell can be used to run electrochemical tests such as cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three-electrode cell EIS measurements can elucidate the contribution of individual electrode impedance to the full cell. In addition, monitoring the anode potential allows the detection of electrodeposition due to lithium plating, which can cause safety concerns. This is especially important for the fast charging of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles. In order to monitor and characterize the safety and degradation aspects of an electrochemical cell, a three-electrode setup can prove invaluable. This paper aims to provide a guide to constructing a three-electrode coin cell setup using the 2032-coin cell architecture, which is easy to produce, reliable, and cost-effective.

Three-electrode cells are useful in studying the electrochemistry of lithium-ion batteries. Such an electrochemical setup allows the phenomena associated with the cathode and anode to be decoupled and examined independently. Here, we present a guide for construction and use of a three-electrode coin cell with emphasis on lithium plating analytics.

Üç elektrot madeni para hücre hazırlık ve Electrodeposition analiz için lityum-iyon pil

As lithium-ion batteries find use in high energy and power applications, such as in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, monitoring the degradation and ...

Expression of Cementitious Pore Solution and the Analysis of Its Chemical Composition and Resistivity Using X-ray Fluorescence

The goal of this method is to determine the chemical composition and electrical resistivity of cementitious pore solution expressed from a fresh paste sample. The pore solution is expressed from a fresh paste sample using a pressurized nitrogen gas system. The pore solution is then immediately transferred to a syringe to minimize evaporation and carbonation. After that, assembled testing containers are used for the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurement. These containers consist of two concentric plastic cylinders and a polypropylene film which seals one of the two open sides. The pore solution is added into the container immediately prior to the XRF measurement. The XRF is calibrated to detect the main ionic species in the pore solution, in particular, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and sulfide (S2-), to calculate sulfate (SO42-) using stoichiometry. The hydroxides (OH-) can be calculated from a charge balance. To calculate the electrical resistivity of the solution, the concentrations of the main ionic species and a model by Snyder et al. are used. The electrical resistivity of the pore solution can be used, along with the electrical resistivity of concrete, to determine the formation factor of concrete. XRF is a potential alternative to current methods to determine the composition of pore solution, which can provide benefits in terms of reduction in time and costs.

This protocol describes the procedure to express fresh pore solution from cementitious systems and the measurement of its ionic composition using X-ray fluorescence. The ionic composition can be used to calculate pore solution electrical resistivity, which can be used, together with concrete electrical resistivity, to determine the formation factor.

Cementitious gözenek çözüm ve onun kimyasal bileşimi ve x-ışını floresans kullanarak direnci Analizi ifadesi

The goal of this method is to determine the chemical composition and electrical resistivity of cementitious pore solution expressed from a fresh paste ...

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material

In this work, we introduce the preparation of graphene liquid cells (GLCs), encapsulating both electrode materials and organic liquid electrolytes between two graphene sheets, and the facile synthesis of one-dimensional nanostructures using electrospinning. The GLC enables in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for the lithiation dynamics of electrode materials. The in situ GLC-TEM using an electron beam for both imaging and lithiation can utilize not only realistic battery electrolytes, but also the high-resolution imaging of various morphological, phase, and interfacial transitions.

Here, we present a protocol for the fabrication and preparation of a graphene liquid cell for in situ transmission electron microscopy observation, along with a synthesis of electrode materials and electrochemical battery cell tests.

Lityum-iyon pil malzeme gözlenmesi için Graphene sıvı hücreleri hazırlanması

In this work, we introduce the preparation of graphene liquid cells (GLCs), encapsulating both electrode materials and organic liquid electrolytes between ...