This work was supported by NIH P20GM103643 to I. Meng.

Larva hazırlanması 1. <ol><li> , Hareket ya da pozisyon tercihi için istenen larva analiz standart sinek gıda 11 kullanılarak 10 tahlil istenen yaşa standart koşullar altında larvaları büyümek için. </li><li> Serigrafi dereceli naylon bir huni üzerinde örgü gererek bir örgü filtre yapın. Lastik bant ile huni boyun örgü sabitleyin. Bir beher huni yerleştirin. </li><li> Analiz için larva toplamak için, bir spatula dolu kültür şişesinden kazarak larvaları içeren gıda kepçe ve bir fırça 10 örgü doğrudan bireysel larva toplama, örgü filtre üzerinde RT musluk suyu ile yıkayın. </li></ol> Analiz tüpleri, 2. Hazırlık <ol><li> Tahlil tüpleri fiş hazırlamak için, dikkatle% 4 agar jel kaynatın ve 1.5 cm derinliğinde bir petri içine dökün. Hayvan kapalı olduğunda bu tüpün her iki tarafı için bir fiş sağlayacaktır. % 4 çözeltisi p larvaları önlemek için yeterince yoğundurtapaları enetrating. </li><li> Tüpler temiz ve larva yerleştirilmesi açık önce olduğundan emin olun. Değilse, bu kaydedilen olmaktan hareketleri engelleyebilir. </li><li> Larvalar hareketi için yeterli neme sahip olmak için, sıcak su, küçük bir miktar ihtiva eden bir sıkıştırma şişesi hazırlayın. Dikkatli bir lavabo doğru prizi yönlendirmek, şişe ters çevirin ve pikap tüp su çıkarmak için hafifçe sıkın. </li><li> Tahlil tüpüne şişe çıkışını yerleştirin. Yoğunlaşma ince bir tabaka tüpün duvarında görünene kadar tahlil tüpüne su buharı sunmak için şişeyi sıkın. Video 1 nem uygun bir miktarda olan bir tüp içinde hareket eden bir larva göstermektedir. </li><li> Tüp içinde larva mühür için, bir petri 1,5 cm kalınlığında agar jel kaldırmak ve agar tapa tüp içine sokulabilir, böylece agar altındaki hava akışı sağlamak için bir ağ yüzeyi üzerine yerleştirin. Bir ucuna jel iki fiş eklemek için iki kez jel içine deney tüpünün bir ucu basın. </li><li> Bir paintb ileacele yaklaşık 1,5 inç derin tüp içine bir larva yerleştirin ve agar jel içine larva yakın ucu basarak tüp mühür. Ortaya çıkan basınç karşısında ucundan agar jeli ikinci fişini zorla ve tüp içinde hayvan mühür olacaktır. </li><li> Yer MB5 Çok Işın Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM) cihazdaki tüpler ve hayvanların sensörlerin aralığının ötesinde hareket edemez, böylece tüpleri konumlarını ayarlayın. </li><li> Tüpler taşıma sırasında cihazın kızılötesi okuma çerçevesinin dışına kaydırarak olmadığını tahlil sağlamak için, her bir tüp temas kayıt cihazı etrafında macun bir halka sıkarak yerinde tüp tutun. </li></ol> 3. Ölçme Etkinliği <ol><li> Bir kuluçka Kayıt aktivite nedeniyle gölgeler, floresan ışıkları veya laboratuarda sıcaklık değişimlerine oluşabilecek yanlış okumaları önlemek için. Sistemin önerilen bir düzenleme için Şekil 5&#39;e bakınız. </li><li> 20 ° C (Şekil 1) bir inkübatör ayarlayın. , Kayıt sırasında nedeniyle akkor ışık kaynaklarından gelen parazit yanlış kayıtları önlemek floresan inkübatör ışıkları kapatmak ve inkübatör kaydederken, ayrı bir LED ışık kaynağı kullanın. Anormal sensörleri tetikler olmadığını ışık koşulları sağlamak için herhangi bir hayvanlarda olmayan bir deneme yapın. Bu testten sonra hiçbir kayıtlı hareketi verileri olmalıdır. </li><li> Larva deneyi başlatmak için önce 5 dakika için 20 ° C inkübatör ayarlarına gelmesini izin verir. </li><li> İstediğiniz kayıt aralıkları (örneğin, 1 dakika) BARAJI Sistemi ayarlamak için, DAM sistemi kayıt yazılımı bilgisayar 12 barındırmak ve PSIU arayüzüne kayıt odasına bağlanmadan önce BARAJI Sistem dosyayı açmak için indirilen olduğundan emin olun. </li><li> Daha sonra veri kaydedileceği istenilen kayıt frekansı seçin tercihlerini ayarlamak ve farklı zaman dilimlerini seçmek için yukarıdaki veya okuma aralığı seçeneği aşağıdaki linke tıklayınız hangi verilersaklanacaktır. Örneğin, 1 saat 1 sn den aralık kez okuma seçin. </li><li> , Veri kayıt için değişen parametreyi seçin tercihleri ​​seçin ve çıkış veri türü altında gelen kutularını seçmek için (sayar, hamle, pozisyonları ve bekleme, bakınız Tablo 1). Her parametre tüpü içinde larva faaliyet eşsiz bir analizini sağlar. </li><li> Kayda başlamak CAB6 telefon kablosunu kullanarak Güç Kaynağı Arabirim Ünitesi (PSIU) monitörü bağlamak için. Bir elektrik prizine bağlayın PSIU. Yeşil ışık uygun bağlantıyı gösterir. </li><li> Veri kayıt için Macintosh veya Windows PC için Universal Serial Bus (USB) kablosu aracılığıyla PSIU bağlayın. Otomatik veri kaydını başlatmak için bilgisayarda BARAJI SystemMB1v6x programını açın. </li><li> İstenilen toplama süresi tamamlandıktan sonra, Quit seçin ve ardından DAM etkinlik ekranda şimdi çıkın; Bu veriler daha sonra otomatik olarak DAM Sistemi Verileri altında kaydedilir. Bu veri dosyası alın (örn: 1 monitör) ve sürükle<html> ayrı bir klasör içine. Daha sonra işlenebilir, böylece bu DAM yazılımı ham verileri saklamak olacaktır. </li></ol> İşleme Veri Hazırlama 4. (DAM FileScan) <ol><li> Anlaşılabilir bir biçime ham verileri işlemek için DAM FileScan uygulamasını açın ve Select Input Veri Klasörü seçin. Sonra veri klasörü ve istediğiniz dosyayı seçin ve tarama seçeneği seçin. Son olarak istenen okuma dönemine bin uzunluğunu seçin. Bu operatör tarafından ayarlanan parametrelere ham verileri düzenlemek ve program söz konusu aralıkta toplanan verileri rapor edecektir. </li><li> (Monitör sayısı, hamle, bekleme) istenen hareket ayarını analiz etmek için çıkış veri türünü seçin. İlave okumalar menüsü altında kutusu içine seçin toplamı (bu bin uzunluğu seçilen sistem okuma aralığından daha büyüktür ise). </li><li> Uygun Dosyayı adlandırın ve kaydedin. Dosya aşama 3.9 klasörü ile aynı yerde saklanır. </li></ol>Analiz için BORSASI &quot;&gt; 5. Erişim Veri <ol><li> Önceden kaydedilmiş dosyayı (adım 4.3) açın, ortalama hamle süreci bir elektronik tablo programı bir tablo oluşturmak için 4. adımdan elde edilen ham veriler toplamak ve metin ithalat sihirbazı penceresi göründüğünde, seçeneğini bitirmek açmak için Bir çizelge formatında veri dosyaları. Not: analiz veri türüne bağlı olarak, elektronik tablo farklı okunacaktır. Her okuma tüpü belirlenmiş bir mektup alacaksınız Tipik olarak, çalışmanın süresi sayısal kaydedilecektir monitör hamle veya sayıları ölçmek için. Elektronik tablodaki verileri görüntülerken, sütunlar tahlil tüpleri 1-16 sırasıyla yuvaları temsil kz. satırlar Toplanan veriler noktalarını temsil eder. </li><li> Hareket 1 dakika aralıklarla 20 dakika boyunca toplanmış, örneğin, hareket / dakika ve diğer ölçümlerin ortalama sayısını hesaplamak için 20 satır ortalama. </li></ol>

<ol><li>Tracey, W. D. Jr, Wilson, R. I., Laurent, G., Benzer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((painless%2C+a+Drosophila.gene+essential+for+nociception%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Cell%22%5BJournal%5D)">painless, a Drosophila.gene essential for nociception.</a> Cell. 113, 261-273 (2003).</li>
<li>Ainsley, J. A., Kim, M. J., Wegman, L. J., Pettus, J. M., Johnson, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Sensory+mechanisms+controlling+the+timing+of+larval+developmental+and+behavioral+transitions+require+the+Drosophila.DEG%2FENaC+subunit%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Pickpocket1.+Dev.+Biol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Sensory mechanisms controlling the timing of larval developmental and behavioral transitions require the Drosophila.DEG/ENaC subunit.</a> Pickpocket1. Dev. Biol. 322 (1), 46-55 (2008).</li>
<li>Pandey, U. B., Nichols, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Human+disease+models+in+Drosophila.+melanogaster.and+the+role+of+the+fly+in+therapeutic+drug+discovery%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Pharmacol.+Rev%22%5BJournal%5D)">Human disease models in Drosophila. melanogaster.and the role of the fly in therapeutic drug discovery.</a> Pharmacol. Rev. 63 (2), 411-436 (2011).</li>
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<li>Caldwell, J. C., Miller, M. M., Wing, S., Soll, D. R., Eberl, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Dynamic+analysis+of+larval+locomotion+in+Drosophila.+hordotonal+organ+mutants%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22PNAS%22%5BJournal%5D)">Dynamic analysis of larval locomotion in Drosophila. hordotonal organ mutants.</a> PNAS. 100 (26), 16053-16058 (2003).</li>
<li>Nichols, C. D., Bechnel, J., Pandey, U. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Methods+to+assay+Drosophila+behavior%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Vis.+Exp%22%5BJournal%5D)">Methods to assay Drosophila behavior.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (61), (2012).</li>
<li>Godoy-Herrera, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+development+and+genetics+of+digging+behavior+in+Drosophila.+arvae%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Heredity%22%5BJournal%5D)">The development and genetics of digging behavior in Drosophila. arvae.</a> Heredity. 56, 33-41 (1986).</li>
<li>Sinadinos, C., Cowan, C. M., Wyttenbach, A., Mudher, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Increased+throughput+assays+of+locomotor+dysfunction+in+Drosophila.+larvae%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Journal+of+Neuroscience+Methods%22%5BJournal%5D)">Increased throughput assays of locomotor dysfunction in Drosophila. larvae.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 203 (2), 325-334 (2012).</li>
<li>Homyk, T., Sheppard, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Behavioral+mutants+of+Drosophila+melanogaster.+I.+Isolation+and+mapping+of+mutations+which+decrease+flight+ability%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Genetics%22%5BJournal%5D)">Behavioral mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Isolation and mapping of mutations which decrease flight ability.</a> Genetics. 87 (1), 95-104 (1977).</li>
<li>Chattopadhyay, A., Gilstrap, A. V., Galko, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Local+and+global+methods+of+assessing+thermal+nociception+in+Drosophila.+larvae%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Vis.+Exp%22%5BJournal%5D)">Local and global methods of assessing thermal nociception in Drosophila. larvae.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (63), e3837(2012).</li>
<li>Model Organisms I: yeast, Drosophila and C. elegans. Science Education Database. , JoVE. Cambridge, MA. Available from: 
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<li>Troncoso, B., Godoy-Herrera, R., Waldo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+development+of+larval+movement+patterns+in+Drosophila%29%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Heredity%22%5BJournal%5D)">The development of larval movement patterns in Drosophila).</a> Heredity. 58 (1), 321-329 (1987).</li>
<li>Helfrich, C., Engelmann, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Circadian+rhythm+of+the+locomotor+activity+in+Drosophila.+melanogaster.and+its+mutants+%E2%80%98sine+oculis%E2%80%99+and+%E2%80%98small+optic+lobes%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Physiological+Entomology%22%5BJournal%5D)">Circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity in Drosophila. melanogaster.and its mutants ‘sine oculis’ and ‘small optic lobes.</a> Physiological Entomology. 8 (3), 257-272 (1983).</li>
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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Drosophila larvalarının aktivitesi genotip 8, 13 yaş ve ortam sıcaklığında 2 de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli faktörlere etkilenir. Çok detaylı analiz yapabilen, güçlü videographic yöntemler lokomosyon 5 çalışma olanların geliştirilmiş olmasına rağmen, ayrıntı bu düzeyde etkinliğinin temel parametrelerini belirlemek isteyenler için gereksiz olabilir. Burada anlatılan yöntem, birçok laboratuvarda mevcut bir cihaz, kullanımı kolay istihdam yüksek te...

The use of Drosophila as a genetic tool has transformed scientific knowledge of biological systems. Drosophila larvae have been used in a variety of studies including nociception1, development2 and as a model for the study of human disease genes3. Drosophila activity encompasses a range of behaviors that vary under different conditions including temperatures2, exposure to drugs4 and amongst different genotypes. Yet, despite the significant use of the larva as a model organism, a simple, standardized method to analyze larval activity has not been available. Presently, many larval locomotion studies employ sophisticated video analysis software5. While powerful, the complexity of such automated tools may discourage labs that are not already equipped to study locomotion from including analysis of informative activity parameters in their studies. In other current non-automated methods, such as the grid crawling analysis, motion is scored by a human observer, which introduces the possibility of subjectivity and limits throughput to one animal at a time6-7. A similar study used a 5-lane crawling assay, which measured the time it took larvae to travel a certain linear distance8. In such non-automated assays, displacement is measured but this does not account for non-linear travel between the start and end points. As discussed below, the method described here accounts for more of the actual larval movement, is objective, easy to operate, and offers robust throughput.
To easily study larval activity behavior without the compromise of accuracy, efficiency, or cost, this method employs the TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM), a device often used to study adult activity. Using one device to study both adult and larval activity is cost-effective, and allows direct comparison of motion by animals at these two life stages. The system, featuring the manufacturer&#8217;s highest level of resolution, makes use of 17 infrared detection beams per assay tube, which record larval activity when sensor beams are broken within the 16 individual tubes. The system then automatically saves recorded information to a computer, making it available for manipulation with basic graphing software. The data obtained represents the beams that were broken by individual larvae (which can be converted into a rate), movement when a larva stays within a detector beam and the position of the animals within the assay chambers during a recording period (allowing one to calculate position preference). The system is efficient and relatively simple to operate, and brings highly reproducible basic activity analysis within the reach of any laboratory studying Drosophila larvae.
To demonstrate the power of this assay, data are presented that show its use to verify differences in activity resulting from varying ambient temperatures, as well as through the comparison of a mutant previously described as hypoactive (iav1)9 with a widely analyzed control (w1118).

<table><tbody><tr><td>Drosophila Activity Monitor, Multibeam, 16 tubes, including wires</td><td>TriKinetics Inc.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>MB5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Power Supply Interface for Activity Monitor&amp;nbsp;</td><td>TriKinetics Inc.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PSIU24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass 80 x 5 mm tubes for Activity Monitor (100)</td><td>TriKinetics Inc.&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PGT 5x80</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAMsystemMB1v6x Data Acquisitions Software for Macintonsh OSX (Intel)</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trikinetics.com/&quot;&gt;www.trikinetics.com&lt;/a&gt;</td><td></td><td>free download</td></tr><tr><td>DAMFileScan 108x software for Macintosh</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trikinetics.com/&quot;&gt;www.trikinetics.com&lt;/a&gt;</td><td></td><td>free download</td></tr><tr><td>USB software (PSIUdrivers.zip).</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trikinetics.com/&quot;&gt;www.trikinetics.com&lt;/a&gt;</td><td></td><td>free download</td></tr><tr><td>DAMSystem Notes 308</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.trikinetics.com/&quot;&gt;www.trikinetics.com&lt;/a&gt;</td><td></td><td>free download</td></tr><tr><td>Zeiss Stemi 2000C- Stereo Microscope</td><td>Spectra Services</td><td>SP-STEMI2000C-BS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Carbon Dioxide</td><td>Maine Oxy</td><td></td><td>anaesthesia</td></tr><tr><td>Fly Pad</td><td>Genesee</td><td>59-114</td><td>surface for sorting anaesthetized flies</td></tr><tr><td>Small paint brush&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Winsor &amp;amp; Newton</td><td>#2 ROUND</td><td>or similar, used for sorting anaesthetized flies</td></tr><tr><td>Silk Screen Printing Mesh (160)</td><td>msj-gallery.com</td><td>SM160W63-3YD</td><td>pore sized used in this protocol was ~ 0.1 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Tegosept</td><td>Genesee</td><td>20-258</td><td>preservative</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol (190proof)</td><td>Pharmco</td><td>111000190</td><td>used to dissolve Tegosept</td></tr><tr><td>6 oz Square Bottom Bottle (PP)</td><td>Genesee</td><td>32-130</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&quot;Flugs&quot; for Plastic Fly bottles</td><td>Genesee</td><td>49-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Drosophila Vials, Wide (PS)</td><td>Genesee</td><td>32-117</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flugs for wide plastic vials</td><td>Genesee</td><td>49-101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Yellow Degerminated Corn Meal</td><td>Gold Medal</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Drosophila agar</td><td>LabScientific</td><td>FLY 8020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Baker&#039;s Yeast - Red Star</td><td>King Arthur Flour</td><td>1270</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Granulated Sugar - Extra Fine</td><td>Domino</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

measurement of larval activity in the drosophila activity monitor

Drosophila larvae are used in many behavioral studies, yet a simple device for measuring basic parameters of larval activity has not been available. This protocol repurposes an instrument often used to measure adult activity, the TriKinetics Drosophila activity monitor (MB5 Multi-Beam Activity Monitor) to study larval activity. The instrument can monitor the movements of animals in 16 individual 8 cm glass assay tubes, using 17 infrared detection beams per tube. Logging software automatically saves data to a computer, recording parameters such as number of moves, times sensors were triggered, and animals&#8217; positions within the tubes. The data can then be analyzed to represent overall locomotion and/or position preference as well as other measurements. All data are easily accessible and compatible with basic graphing and data manipulation software. This protocol will discuss how to use the apparatus, how to operate the software and how to run a larval activity assay from start to finish.

Şekil 1, yedi farklı sıcaklıklarda larva hareketin farklılıkları tespit etmek için izleme cihazı kullanılarak, 1.118 w kontrol üçüncü instar larvaları bir sıcaklık yanıtı çalışmasında, elde edilen sonuçları gösterir. Larvalar yıkandı ve yukarıda tarif edildiği gibi DAM aktivitesi cihazı içerisine yerleştirilmiş ve istenen sıcaklığa ayarlanmış bir inkübatör içine yerleştirildi. Kayıt başlamadan önce Cihaz daha sonra 5 dakika boyunca ortama alışma...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Larval Activity in the Drosophila Activity Monitor at JoVE.com

Measurement of Larval Activity in the Drosophila Activity Monitor

This report describes a method for measuring Drosophila larval activity using the TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitor. The device employs infrared beams to detect movements of up to 16 individual animals. Data can be analyzed to represent motion parameters including rates and the positions of the animals within the assay chambers.

Larvaların Faaliyet Ölçümü<em&gt; Drosophila</em&gt; Activity Monitor

Drosophila larvae are used in many behavioral studies, yet a simple device for measuring basic parameters of larval activity has not been available. This ...

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Biology

Measurement of Larval Activity in the Drosophila Activity Monitor

9.3K Görüntüleme.  University of New England. This report describes a method for measuring Drosophila larval activity using the TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitor. The device employs infrared beams to detect movements of up to 16 individual animals. Data can be analyzed to represent motion parameters including rates and the positions of the animals within the assay chambers.

Video: Measurement of Larval Activity in the Drosophila Activity Monitor

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

Most life forms exhibit daily rhythms in cellular, physiological and behavioral phenomena that are driven by endogenous circadian (&equiv;24 hr) pacemakers or clocks. Malfunctions in the human circadian system are associated with numerous diseases or disorders. Much progress towards our understanding of the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms has emerged from genetic screens whereby an easily measured behavioral rhythm is used as a read-out of clock function. Studies using Drosophila have made seminal contributions to our understanding of the cellular and biochemical bases underlying circadian rhythms. The standard circadian behavioral read-out measured in Drosophila is locomotor activity. In general, the monitoring system involves specially designed devices that can measure the locomotor movement of Drosophila. These devices are housed in environmentally controlled incubators located in a darkroom and are based on using the interruption of a beam of infrared light to record the locomotor activity of individual flies contained inside small tubes. When measured over many days, Drosophila exhibit daily cycles of activity and inactivity, a behavioral rhythm that is governed by the animal's endogenous circadian system. The overall procedure has been simplified with the advent of commercially available locomotor activity monitoring devices and the development of software programs for data analysis. We use the system from Trikinetics Inc., which is the procedure described here and is currently the most popular system used worldwide. More recently, the same monitoring devices have been used to study sleep behavior in Drosophila. Because the daily wake-sleep cycles of many flies can be measured simultaneously and only 1 to 2 weeks worth of continuous locomotor activity data is usually sufficient, this system is ideal for large-scale screens to identify Drosophila manifesting altered circadian or sleep properties.

Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

We describe procedures for recording daily locomotor activity rhythms of Drosophila and subsequent data analysis. Locomotor activity rhythms are a reliable behavioral output of animal circadian clocks and are used as the standard readout of clock function when studying circadian mutants or examining how the environment regulates the circadian system.

Sirkadiyen Rhythms Eğitim ve Parametreler Uyku Lokomotor Aktivitesi Assaying Drosophila</em

Most life forms exhibit daily rhythms in cellular, physiological and behavioral phenomena that are driven by endogenous circadian (&equiv;24 hr) ...

Nörobilim

Measuring Exercise Levels in Drosophila melanogaster Using the Rotating Exercise Quantification System (REQS)

Drosophila melanogaster is a new model organism for studies in exercise biology. To date, two main exercise systems, the Power Tower and the Treadwheel have been described. However, a method to measure the amount of additional animal activity induced through the exercise treatment has been lacking. The Rotating Exercise Quantification System (REQS) fills this need, providing a measure of animal activity for animals experiencing rotational exercise. This protocol details how to use the REQS to assess animal activity during rotational exercise and illustrates the type of data that can be generated. Here, we demonstrate how the REQS is used to measure sex- and strain-specific differences in exercise induced activity. The REQS can also be used to evaluate the impact of various other experimental parameters such as age, diet, or population size on exercise induced activity. In addition, it can be used to compare the efficacy of different exercise training protocols. Importantly, it provides an opportunity to standardize exercise treatments between strains, allowing the researcher to achieve equal amounts of activity between groups if needed. Thus, the REQS is a notable new resource for exercise biologists working with the Drosophila model system and complements existing exercise systems.

Measuring Exercise Levels in Drosophila melanogaster Using the Rotating Exercise Quantification System REQS

The Rotating Exercise Quantification System (REQS) can induce exercise in Drosophila melanogaster through rotation while simultaneously measuring the amount of activity performed by the animals. Here, we present a point-by-point protocol detailing how to measure activity levels of animals experiencing rotational exercise treatments using the REQS.

Drosophila melanogaster dönen egzersiz miktar sistem (istekler) kullanarak ölçüm egzersiz seviyelerinde

Drosophila melanogaster is a new model organism for studies in exercise biology. To date, two main exercise systems, the Power Tower and the Treadwheel ...

Genetik

A Computational Method to Quantify Fly Circadian Activity

In most animals and plants, circadian clocks orchestrate behavioral and molecular processes and synchronize them to the daily light-dark cycle. Fundamental mechanisms that underlie this temporal control are widely studied using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. In flies, the clock is typically studied by analyzing multiday locomotor recording. Such a recording shows a complex bimodal pattern with two peaks of activity: a morning peak that happens around dawn, and an evening peak that happens around dusk. These two peaks together form a waveform that is very different from sinusoidal oscillations observed in clock genes, suggesting that mechanisms in addition to the clock have profound effects in producing the observed patterns in behavioral data. Here we provide instructions on using a recently developed computational method that mathematically describes temporal patterns in fly activity. The method fits activity data with a model waveform that consists of four exponential terms and nine independent parameters that fully describe the shape and size of the morning and evening peaks of activity. The extracted parameters can help elucidate the kinetic mechanisms of substrates that underlie the commonly observed bimodal activity patterns in fly locomotor rhythms.

A method to quantify the main temporal features seen in fly circadian locomotor rhythms is presented. The quantification is achieved by fitting fly activity with a multi-parametric model waveform. The model parameters describe the shape and size of the morning and evening peaks of daily activity.

Sinek sirkadiyen etkinliği ölçmek için bir hesaplama yöntemi

In most animals and plants, circadian clocks orchestrate behavioral and molecular processes and synchronize them to the daily light-dark cycle. ...

Davranış

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

A complex interaction between the immune response and host behavior has been described in a wide range of species. Excess sleep, in particular, is known to occur as a response to infection in mammals 1 and has also recently been described in Drosophila melanogaster2. It is generally accepted that sleep is beneficial to the host during an infection and that it is important for the maintenance of a robust immune system3,4. However, experimental evidence that supports this hypothesis is limited4, and the function of excess sleep during an immune response remains unclear. We have used a multidisciplinary approach to address this complex problem, and have conducted studies in the simple genetic model system, the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. We use a standard assay for measuring locomotor behavior and sleep in flies, and demonstrate how this assay is used to measure behavior in flies infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria. This assay is also useful for monitoring the duration of survival in individual flies during an infection. Additional measures of immune function include the ability of flies to clear an infection and the activation of NF&kappa;B, a key transcription factor that is central to the innate immune response in Drosophila. Both survival outcome and bacterial clearance during infection together are indicators of resistance and tolerance to infection. Resistance refers to the ability of flies to clear an infection, while tolerance is defined as the ability of the host to limit damage from an infection and thereby survive despite high levels of pathogen within the system5. Real-time monitoring of NF&kappa;B activity during infection provides insight into a molecular mechanism of survival during infection. The use of Drosophila in these straightforward assays facilitates the genetic and molecular analyses of sleep and the immune response and how these two complex systems are reciprocally influenced.

Quantitative Measurement of the Immune Response and Sleep in Drosophila

To understand a link between the immune response and behavior, we describe a method to measure locomotor behavior in Drosophila during bacterial infection as well as the ability of flies to mount an immune response by monitoring survival, bacterial load, and real-time activity of a key regulator of innate immunity, NF&kappa;B.

İmmün Yanıt ve Uyku içinde kantitatif ölçümü<em&gt; Drosophila</em

A complex interaction between the immune response and  host behavior has been described in a wide range of species. Excess sleep, in  particular, is known ...

İmmünoloji ve Enfeksiyon

Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies

We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained and restrained whole larvae. For direct control of the environment around the heart another approach utilizes the dissected larvae and removal of the internal organs in order to bathe the heart in desired compounds. The exposed heart also allows membrane potentials to be monitored which can give insight of the ionic currents generated by the myocytes and for electrical conduction along the heart tube. These approaches have various advantages and disadvantages for future experiments that are discussed. The larval heart preparation provides an additional model besides the Drosophila skeletal NMJ to investigate the role of intracellular calcium regulation on cellular function. Learning more about the underlying ionic currents that shape the action potentials in myocytes in various species, one can hope to get a handle on the known ionic dysfunctions associated to specific genes responsible for various diseases in mammals.

Monitoring Heart Function in Larval Drosophila melanogaster for Physiological Studies

We present various ways to monitor heart function in the larva of Drosophila for assessing questions dealing with the function of gap junctions, ion channel mutations, modulation of pacemaker activity and pharmacological studies.

Larvaların olarak izlenmesi Kalp Fonksiyonu Drosophila melanogaster Fizyolojik Çalışmaları

We present various methods to record cardiac function in the larval Drosophila. The approaches allow heart rate to be measured in unrestrained  and  ...

Biyoloji

Determination of the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster has been used as an excellent model organism to study environmental and genetic manipulations that affect behavior. One such behavior is spontaneous locomotor activity. Here we describe our protocol that utilizes Drosophila population monitors and a tracking system that allows continuous monitoring of the spontaneous locomotor activity of flies for several days at a time. This method is simple, reliable, and objective and can be used to examine the effects of aging, sex, changes in caloric content of food, addition of drugs, or genetic manipulations that mimic human diseases.

Determination of the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster are useful in studying genetic or environmental manipulations that affect behaviors such as spontaneous locomotor activity.&#160; Here we describe a protocol that utilizes monitors with infrared beams and data analysis software to quantify spontaneous locomotor activity.&#160;

Olarak spontan lokomotor aktivitenin belirlenmesi<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Drosophila melanogaster has been used as an excellent model organism to study environmental and genetic manipulations that affect behavior. One such ...

A Low-cost Method for Analyzing Seizure-like Activity and Movement in Drosophila

Video tracking systems have been used widely to analyze Drosophila melanogaster movement and detect various abnormalities in locomotive behavior. While these systems can provide a wealth of behavioral information, the cost and complexity of these systems can be prohibitive for many labs. We have developed a low-cost assay for measuring locomotive behavior and seizure movement in D. melanogaster. The system uses a web-cam to capture images that can be processed using a combination of inexpensive and free software to track the distance moved, the average velocity of movement and the duration of movement during a specified time-span. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we examined a group of D. melanogaster mutants, the Bang-sensitive (BS) paralytics, which are 3-10 times more susceptible to seizure-like activity (SLA) than wild type flies. Using this novel system, we were able to detect that the BS mutant bang senseless (bss) exhibits lower levels of exploratory locomotion in a novel environment than wild type flies. In addition, the system was used to identify that the drug metformin, which is commonly used to treat type II diabetes, reduces the intensity of SLA in the BS mutants.

A Low-cost Method for Analyzing Seizure-like Activity and Movement in Drosophila

Using a webcam and a combination of free and inexpensive software programs, locomotive patterns in Drosophila melanogaster can be analyzed to detect differences in the speed, distance, and time of various motor activities.

Nöbet gibi Aktivite Analizi ve Hareket için A Düşük maliyetli Yöntemi<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Video tracking systems have been used widely to analyze Drosophila melanogaster movement and detect various abnormalities in locomotive behavior. While ...

A Simple Technique to Assay Locomotor Activity in Drosophila

Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for studying various diseases due to its abundance of advanced genetic manipulation techniques and diverse behavioral features. Identifying behavioral deficiency in animal models is a crucial measure of disease severity, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases where patients often experience impairments in motor function. However, with the availability of various systems to track and assess motor deficits in fly models, such as drug-treated or transgenic individuals, an economical and user-friendly system for precise evaluation from multiple angles is still lacking. A method based on the AnimalTracker application programming interface (API) is developed here, which is compatible with the Fiji image processing program, to systematically evaluate the movement activities of both adult and larval individuals from recorded video, thus allowing for the analysis of their tracking behavior. This method requires only a high-definition camera and a computer peripheral hardware integration to record and analyze behavior, making it an affordable and effective approach for screening fly models with transgenic or environmental behavioral deficiencies. Examples of behavioral tests using pharmacologically treated flies are given to show how the techniques can detect behavioral changes in both adult flies and larvae in a highly repeatable manner.

A Simple Technique to Assay Locomotor Activity in Drosophila

The present protocol assesses the locomotor activity of Drosophila by tracking and analyzing the movement of flies in a hand-made arena using open-source software Fiji, compatible with plugins to segment pixels of each frame based on high-definition video recording to calculate parameters of speed, distance, etc.

Drosophila'da Lokomotor Aktiviteyi Test Etmek İçin Basit Bir Teknik

Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for studying various diseases due to its abundance of advanced genetic manipulation techniques and ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>DAM2 sistemleri kullanılarak Drosophila'da yüksek verimli ısı toleransı ölçümü

Heat Tolerance Assays Using the Drosophila Activity Monitor System: A Guide to an Executable Application for Data Analysis

The study of heat tolerance in&#8239;Drosophila melanogaster has been of particular interest to researchers for decades, with a common approach to assessing heat tolerance being to monitor the time to knockdown (TKD) after exposure to an elevated temperature. Classically, flies are housed in individual vials and placed inside a heated water bath. TKD is then monitored manually by researchers. While very well-established, there remain problems of subjectivity and consistent application of a tangible definition of cessation of all movement, including muscular spasms, when implementing these manual assays. We have developed a high-throughput method for automating heat tolerance assays using the TriKinetics Drosophila Activity Monitors (DAM2). To accompany the DAM2 system, we have written a program and created an easy-use executable to automatically read the last time of movement from the activity data generated. This script then writes to a .csv file the time to heat paralysis (TKD) for each fly. Our data show that this automated DAM2 method is consistent and reliable. Meanwhile, activity profiles created from the activity count data are of interest. These activity profiles can be compiled and have the potential to expand heat tolerance assays to include the relatively unstudied behavioral components of heat tolerance. This protocol will describe in detail how to use the DAM2 system and the HoTDAM! software to estimate heat tolerance in D. melanogaster.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Drosophila Activity Monitor Sistemini Kullanarak Isı Toleransı Testleri: Veri Analizi için Yürütülebilir Bir Uygulama Kılavuzu

This report describes a method for measuring adult Drosophila melanogaster time to knockdown using a Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM2) in response to an air conduction heat stressor within an incubator chamber. The DAM2 measures activity by recording individual fly movements as they cross an infrared beam. Data analysis is facilitated by a novel executable file created by the authors.

Larvaların Faaliyet Ölçümü

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Sirkadiyen Rhythms Eğitim ve Parametreler Uyku Lokomotor Aktivitesi Assaying Drosophila

Drosophila melanogaster dönen egzersiz miktar sistem (istekler) kullanarak ölçüm egzersiz seviyelerinde

Sinek sirkadiyen etkinliği ölçmek için bir hesaplama yöntemi

İmmün Yanıt ve Uyku içinde kantitatif ölçümü

Larvaların olarak izlenmesi Kalp Fonksiyonu Drosophila melanogaster Fizyolojik Çalışmaları

Olarak spontan lokomotor aktivitenin belirlenmesi

Nöbet gibi Aktivite Analizi ve Hareket için A Düşük maliyetli Yöntemi

Drosophila'da Lokomotor Aktiviteyi Test Etmek İçin Basit Bir Teknik

Drosophila Activity Monitor Sistemini Kullanarak Isı Toleransı Testleri: Veri Analizi için Yürütülebilir Bir Uygulama Kılavuzu

Drosophila Activity Monitor Sistemini Kullanarak Isı Toleransı Testleri: Veri Analizi için Yürütülebilir Bir Uygulama Kılavuzu