Studying the Effects of Inhaled Environmental Pollutants on Olfactory Function in Mice

Summary

This paper provides a detailed description of the buried food test and social odor discrimination experiment to assess the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants exposure on olfactory function in mice.

Abstract

Olfactory impairment is a significant public health problem and independently predicts the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhaled environmental pollutants exposure may impair olfaction; thereby, there is an urgent need for methods to evaluate the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants exposure on olfaction. Mice are ideal models for olfactory experiments because of their highly developed olfactory system and behavioral characteristics. To assess the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants exposure on olfactory function in mice, a detailed buried food test and social odor discrimination experiment is provided, including the experiment preparation, the selection and construction of experimental facilities, the testing process, and indexes of time. Meanwhile, timekeeping equipment, operational details, and the experimental environment are discussed to ensure the success of the assay. Zinc sulfate is used as the treatment to demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental approach. The protocol provides a simple and clear operational process for assessing the effects of inhaled environmental pollutants on olfactory function in mice.

Introduction

Olfactory impairment has emerged as a noteworthy public health concern and is independently associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. This condition can adversely affect overall well-being, contribute to the development of depressive symptoms, and result in a diminished quality of life. Its impact is prominently observed in the altered perception of food, hindrance in social communication, and heightened negative feelings¹. Various factors, including sinonasal disease, upper respiratory tract infection, and traumatic brain injury, have been considered contributors to olfactory impairment in humans²....

Protocol

We used male C57BL/6J mice (age: 6-8 weeks; weight: 20-22 g) for all behavioral tests. The mice were subjected to steady conditions (i.e., temperature, 23 ± 1 °C; humidity, 55% ± 5%, and 12/12 h light-dark cycle with lights on at 7:00). All behavioral tests were performed between 10:00 and 17:00. All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Professional Committee of Animal Experiments of Qingdao University. After a 1-week acclimation period, all mice were exposed to inhalable environ.......

Discussion

This article introduces two fundamental protocols designed for the swift assessment of olfactory impairment in mice. Varied inhalable environmental pollutants result in distinct levels of olfactory dysfunction in mice. The buried food test is employed to assess the capability to detect volatile odors, while the social odor discrimination experiment evaluates the animal's capacity to discern and differentiate various social odors. The protocol here serves to evaluate the toxic effects of environmental pollutants on ol.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.5-10 μL  adjustable micropipette	Eppendorf, Germany	3123000225	Intranasal instillation
0.9% saline solution	Solarbio	7647-14-5	Dissolve pollutants
Anhydrous zinc sulfate	Macklin	7733-02-0	Expose mice
Centrifuge tube (2 mL)	Biosharp Incorporated	BS-20-M	Place urine
Electronic balance	Changzhou Ohaus Co.	EX125DZH	Weight anesthetics and pollutants
GraphPad Prism	GraphPad Software	8.0.1	statistic analysis
Handheld Dust detector	TSI Incorporated	DuatTrak 8532	Inhalation-exposed mice
Video recording equipment	Apple Inc.	iPhone 6s Plus	The activity time of mice was recorded
Vortex mixer	Haimen Kylin-Bell Lab Instruments Co.	Vortex-5	Mix solution