Name: mechanical micronization of lipoaspirates for regenerative therapy
Uploaded: 2019-03-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mechanical Micronization of Lipoaspirates for Regenerative Therapy at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81471881, 81601702, 81671931), the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangdong Province of China (2014A030310155), and the Administrator Foundation of Nanfang Hospital (2014B009, 2015Z002, 2016Z010, 2016B001).

This research was approved by the Ethical Review Board in Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China. Adipose tissue was collected from healthy donors who gave written informed consent to take part in the study. All animal experiments were approved by the Nanfang Hospital Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and performed according to the guidelines of the National Health and Medical Research Council (China).
1. ECM/SVF-gel Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Harvest fat.
	<ol>
		<li>Perform liposuction on...

<ol>
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Stem cell-based regenerative therapy has shown a great potential benefit in different diseases. ASCs are outstanding therapeutic candidates because they are easy to obtain and have the capacity for tissue repair and the regeneration of novel tissues15. However, there are limitations to expanding its clinical application, since it requires complicated procedures to isolate cells and collagenase for processing6. Thus, it is essential to develop a simple technique to obtain st...

Stem cell therapies provide a paradigm shift for tissue repair and regeneration so that they may offer an alternative therapeutic regimen for various diseases1. Stem cells (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells) have great therapeutic potential but are limited due to cell regulation and ethical considerations. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are easy to obtain from lipoaspirates and not subject to the same restrictions; thus, it has become an ideal cell type for practical regenerative medicine2. In addition, they are nonimmunogenic and have abundant resources from autologous fat3.
Currently, ASCs are obtained mainly by collagenase-mediated digestion of the adipose tissue. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue contains ASCs, endothelial progenitor cell, pericytes, and immune cells. Although obtaining a high density of SVF/ASCs enzymatically was shown to have beneficial effects, the legislation in several countries strictly regulates the clinical application of cell-based products using collagenase4. Digesting the adipose tissue with collagenase for 30 min to 1 h to obtain SVF cells increases the risk of both exogenous material in the preparation and biological contamination. The adherent culture and the purification of ASCs, which takes days to weeks, require specific laboratory equipment. Moreover, in most studies, SVF cells and ASCs are used in suspension. Without the protection of extracellular matrix (ECM) or another carrier, free cells are vulnerable, cause a poor cell retention after injection, and compromise the therapeutic result5. All of these reasons limit the further application of stem cell therapy.
To obtain ASCs from adipose tissue without collagenase-mediated digestion, several mechanical processing procedures, including centrifugation, mechanical chopping, shredding, pureeing, and mincing, have been developed6,7,8,9. These methods are thought to condense tissue and ASCs by mechanically disrupting mature adipocytes and their oil-containing vesicles. Moreover, these preparations, containing high concentrations of ASCs, showed considerable therapeutic potential as regenerative medicine in animal models8,9,10.
In 2013, Tonnard et al. introduced the nanofat grafting technique, which involves producing emulsified lipoaspirates by intersyringe processing11. The shearing force created by intersyringe shifting can selectively break mature adipocytes. Based on their findings, we developed a purely mechanical processing method that removes most of the lipid and fluid in the lipoaspirates, leaving only SVF cells and fractionated ECM, which is ECM/SVF-gel12. Herein, we describe the details of the mechanical process of human-derived adipose tissue to produce the ECM/SVF-gel.

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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated isolectin GS-IB4</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Molecular Probes</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I21411</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">guinea pig anti-mouse perilipin</td>
			<td>Progen</td>
			<td>GP29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DAPI</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">wide tip pipet</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229211B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Confocal microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Leica&#160;</td>
			<td>TCS SP2</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nude nice&#160;</td>
			<td>Southern Mdical University</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">light microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>/</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL tube</td>
			<td>Cornig</td>
			<td>430828</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">sterile bag</td>
			<td>Laishi</td>
			<td>/</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">microtome</td>
			<td>Leica&#160;</td>
			<td>CM1900</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">centrifuge</td>
			<td>Heraus</td>
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mechanical micronization of lipoaspirates for regenerative therapy

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has become a regenerative tool for various diseases; however, legislation strictly regulates the clinical application of cell products using collagenase. Here, we present a protocol to generate an injectable mixture of SVF cells and native extracellular matrix from adipose tissue by a purely mechanical process. Lipoaspirates are put into a centrifuge and spun at 1,200 x g for 3 min. The middle layer is collected and separated into two layers (high-density fat at the bottom and low-density fat on the top). The upper layer is directly emulsified by intersyringe shifting, at a rate of 20 mL/s for 6x to 8x. The emulsified fat is centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 3 min, and the sticky substance under the oil layer is collected and defined as the extracellular matrix (ECM)/SVF-gel. The oil on the top layer is collected. Approximately 5 mL of oil is added to 15 mL of high-density fat and emulsified by intersyringe shifting, at a rate of 20 mL/s for 6x to 8x. The emulsified fat is centrifuged at 2,000 x g for 3 min, and the sticky substance is also ECM/SVF-gel. After the transplantation of the ECM/SVF-gel into nude mice, the graft is harvested and assessed by histologic examination. The result shows that this product has the potential to regenerate into normal adipose tissue. This procedure is a simple, effective mechanical dissociation procedure to condense the SVF cells embedded in their natural supportive ECM for regenerative purposes.

After processing the Coleman fat to ECM/SVF-gel, the volume of discarded oil takes up 80% of the final volume, and only 20% of adipose tissue preserved under the oil layer is regarded as ECM/SVF-gel (Figure 1A). ECM/SVF-gel has a smooth liquid-like texture that enables it to go through a 27 G fine needle; however, Coleman fat is comprised of an integral adipose structure with large fibers and can only go through an 18 G cannula (<strong class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mechanical Micronization of Lipoaspirates for Regenerative Therapy at JoVE.com

Mechanical Micronization of Lipoaspirates for Regenerative Therapy

Here, we present a protocol to obtain stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue through a series of mechanical processes, which include emulsification and multiple centrifugations.

Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has become a regenerative tool for various diseases; however, legislation strictly regulates the clinical application of ...

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