Name: evaluation of protein&#8211;protein interactions using an on-membrane digestion technique
Uploaded: 2019-07-19T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of ProteinÃ¢â‚¬â€œProtein Interactions using an On-Membrane Digestion Technique at JoVE.com

This study was supported in part by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Number 17K09869 (to AM), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI Grant Number 15K09418 (to TM), a research grant from Kanehara Ichiro Medical Science Foundation and a research grant from Suzuken Memorial Foundation (all to TM).

1. Immunoprecipitation
NOTE: We used non-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) lysis buffer and citrate elution, as described in the following sections. However, the use of an alternative in-house immunoprecipitation technique may be also applicable for preparing LC-MS/MS samples.
<ol>
	<li>Transfect cultured cells with vectors encoding an epitope tag alone or a fusion protein. For acquiring representative data, transfer J774 cells (1 x 106) with vectors encoding green fluorescent protein ...

<ol>
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L., Boehm, V., Gromadzka, A. M., Gehring, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CWC22+connects+pre-mRNA+splicing+and+exon+junction+complex+assembly.">CWC22 connects pre-mRNA splicing and exon junction complex assembly.</a> Cell Reports. 2 (3), 454-461 (2012).</li><li>Turriziani, B., von Kriegsheim, A., Pennington, S. 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We have previously described an analysis of the oxidative modifications of apolipoprotein B-100 in oxidized low-density lipoprotein using LC-MS/MS preceded by an on-membrane digestion technique6. In the present study, we combined this technique with immunoprecipitation and have identified several calpain-6-associated proteins. This novel technique represents a convenient method of screening for candidate associated proteins. Calpain-6 is a non-proteolytic member of the calpain proteolytic family<s...

Although proteins play constitutive roles in living organisms, they are continually synthesized, processed, and degraded in the intracellular environment. Furthermore, intracellular proteins frequently physically and biochemically interact, which affects the function of one or both1,2,3. For example, the direct binding of spliceosome-associated protein homolog CWC22 with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (eIF4A3) is necessary for the assembly of the exon junction complex4. Consistent with this, an eIF4A3 mutant that lacks affinity for CWC22 fails to facilitate exon junction complex-driven mRNA splicing4. Thus, the study of protein interactions is crucial for the precise understanding of physiologic regulation as well as of cellular functions.
Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have been applied to the comprehensive analysis of protein-protein interactions. For instance, the co-precipitation of endogenous proteins or exogenously introduced tagged proteins with their associated proteins, followed by MS analysis, enables the identification of novel protein interactions5. However, one major bottleneck of MS/MS analysis is poor recovery from tryptic digests of protein samples. For conducting proteomic analyses on cell lysates, in-gel and on-membrane digestion techniques are generally employed to prepare MS/MS samples. We have previously compared an in-gel digestion procedure with an on-membrane digestion technique6, and showed that the latter was associated with better sequence coverage. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane may be suitable for this purpose because it is mechanically robust and resistant to high concentrations of organic solvents7,8, permitting the enzymatic digestion of immobilized proteins in the presence of 80% acetonitrile9. Furthermore, immobilization on a membrane can induce conformational changes in target proteins, leading to improvements in tryptic digestion efficiency10. Accordingly, in this article, we have described the use of immunoprecipitation-LC/MS/MS analysis of protein interactions using an on-membrane digestion technique. This simple method facilitates the convenient analysis of protein-protein interactions even in non-specialist laboratories.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>014-00386</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>030-05525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DiNA</td>
			<td>KYA Tech Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DiNa AI</td>
			<td>KYA Tech Co.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>nanoflow high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with autosampler</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DTT</td>
			<td>Nacalai tesque</td>
			<td>14112-94</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads protein G</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10003D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formic acid</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>066-00461</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HiQ Sil C18W-3</td>
			<td>KYA Tech Co.</td>
			<td>E03-100-100</td>
			<td>0.10mmID * 100mmL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodoacetamide</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>095-02151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 3000</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>L3000008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Living Colors A.v. Monoclonal Antibody (JL-8)</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>632380</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>191-01665</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NH4HCO3</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>018-21742</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonidet P-40</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N6507</td>
			<td>poly(oxyethelene) octylphenyl ether (n=9)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>peptide standard</td>
			<td>KYA Tech Co.</td>
			<td>tBSA-04</td>
			<td>tryptic digests of bovine serum albumin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PP vial</td>
			<td>KYA Tech Co.</td>
			<td>03100S</td>
			<td>plastic sample tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor cooctail</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P8465</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProteinPilot software</td>
			<td>Sciex</td>
			<td>5034057</td>
			<td>software for protein identification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sequencing Grade Modified Trypsin</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V5111</td>
			<td>trypsin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium orthovanadate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S6508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>71643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TFA</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>206-10731</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>trap column</td>
			<td>KYA Tech Co.</td>
			<td>A03-05-001</td>
			<td>0.5mmID * 1mmL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TripleTOF 5600 system</td>
			<td>Sciex</td>
			<td>4466015</td>
			<td>Hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>207-06275</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween-20</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>160-21211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluation of protein&#8211;protein interactions using an on-membrane digestion technique

Numerous intracellular proteins physically interact in accordance with their intracellular and extracellular circumstances. Indeed, cellular functions largely depend on intracellular protein&#8211;protein interactions. Therefore, research regarding these interactions is indispensable to facilitating the understanding of physiologic processes. Co-precipitation of associated proteins, followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, enables the identification of novel protein interactions. In this study, we have provided details of the novel technique of immunoprecipitation-liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS analysis combined with on-membrane digestion for the analysis of protein&#8211;protein interactions. This technique is suitable for crude immunoprecipitants and can improve the throughput of proteomic analyses. Tagged recombinant proteins were precipitated using specific antibodies; next, immunoprecipitants blotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membrane pieces were subjected to reductive alkylation. Following trypsinization, the digested protein residues were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Using this technique, we were able to identify several candidate associated proteins. Thus, this method is convenient and useful for the characterization of novel protein&#8211;protein interactions.

By means of the above-described procedure, immunoprecipitants were analyzed using LC-MS/MS (Figure 1). After the exclusion of exogenously derived proteins (proteins from other species and IgGs), 17 proteins were identified in calpain-6-associated immunoprecipitants (Table 1) and 15 proteins were identified in GFP-associated immunoprecipitants (Table 2). Of the calpain-6 and GFP-associated proteins, 11 were identified in both ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluation of ProteinÃ¢â‚¬â€œProtein Interactions using an On-Membrane Digestion Technique at JoVE.com

Evaluation of ProteinÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“Protein Interactions using an On-Membrane Digestion Technique

Here, we present a protocol for an on-membrane digestion technique for the preparation of samples for mass spectrometry. This technique facilitates the convenient analysis of protein&#8211;protein interactions.

Evaluation of Protein&#8211;Protein Interactions using an On-Membrane Digestion Technique

Numerous intracellular proteins physically interact in accordance with their intracellular and extracellular circumstances. Indeed, cellular functions ...

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