Name: monitoring eif4f assembly by measuring eif4e-eif4g interaction in live cells
Uploaded: 2020-05-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells at JoVE.com

This work was supported by core budget from the p53lab (BMSI, A*STAR) and the JCO VIP grant (A*STAR).

HEK293 cell line was used for the protocol and was cultured in Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were cultured at 37 &#176;C with 5% CO2 in a humidified environment.
1. Quantitative assessment of eIF4F complex disruption via eIF4E:eIF4G604-646 complementation assay
<ol>
	<li>Cell culture and transient transfection of eIF4E:eIF4G604-646 complementation as...

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K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cap-dependent+translation+initiation+in+eukaryotes+is+regulated+by+a+molecular+mimic+of+eIF4G.">Cap-dependent translation initiation in eukaryotes is regulated by a molecular mimic of eIF4G.</a> Molecular Cell. 3 (6), 707-716 (1999).</li><li>Umenaga, Y., Paku, K. S., In, Y., Ishida, T., Tomoo, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+function+of+the+second+eIF4E-binding+region+in+N-terminal+domain+of+eIF4G:+comparison+with+eIF4E-binding+protein.">Identification and function of the second eIF4E-binding region in N-terminal domain of eIF4G: comparison with eIF4E-binding protein.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication. 414 (3), 462-467 (2011).</li><li>Gr&#252;ner, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Structures+of+eIF4E-eIF4G+Complexes+Reveal+an+Extended+Interface+to+Regulate+Translation+Initiation.">The Structures of eIF4E-eIF4G Complexes Reveal an Extended Interface to Regulate Translation Initiation.</a> Molecular Cell. 64 (3), 467-479 (2016).</li><li>Gingras, A. 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The method described in this article utilizes a luciferase-based complementation assay to quantitatively monitor eIF4F complex assembly through direct measurement of eIF4G-eIF4E interaction in live cells. We have provided details for use of eIF4E-eIF4G complementation system and we have also showed that the system is extremely accurate in measuring drug-induced 4EBP1-mediated dissociation of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction16. In order to facilitate the throughput of this&#160;assay, the experimental setup...

Control of gene expression plays a pivotal role in the correct execution of cellular programs such as growth proliferation and differentiation. A regulatory control mechanism can be exerted either at the level of gene transcription or at the level of mRNA translation. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that translational control by modulation of the initiation process rather than the later steps of elongation and termination can finely regulate synthesis of specific subsets of proteins that play a wide range of biological functions.
Increased translation of mRNAs involved in survival, anti-autophagic and anti-apoptotic responses have been implicated in several cancers and have also been causatively linked to either aberrant activation or over expression of translation initiation factors1.
The eIF4F complex is a master regulator of translation initiation. By binding the cap-structure on the 5&#39; end of mRNAs, eIF4F is driving initial mRNA-ribosome recruitment and in turn increasing mRNA translation efficiency of weakly translated eukaryotic mRNAs2. eIF4F mediated translation of cancer-related mRNAs has been reported for many cancer models harboring aberrant activation of RAS/MAPK or AKT/TOR pathways, suggesting that cancer cells upregulate eIF4F to boost their own pro-neoplastic activity. Disruption of this feed-forward loop by inhibiting eIF4F complex formation is thereby a very promising therapeutic strategy3,4.
The eIF4F complex consists of (i) eIF4E, the cap-binding subunit of eIF4F that interacts with the cap structure found at the 5&#39; UTR of mRNA, (ii) eIF4A, the RNA helicase and (iii) eIF4G, the scaffold protein that interacts with both eIF4A and eIF4E and which eventually recruits the 40S ribosomal subunit5. eIF4G association with eIF4E is the rate-limiting step for the assembly of functional eIF4F complexes and it is negatively regulated by the eIF4E binding proteins (4EBPs, members 1, 2 and 3))6. By competing with eIF4G binding to eIF4E through an interface that consists of canonical and non-canonical eIF4E binding sequences7,8,9 (region spanning aa 604-646 on human eIF4E), 4EBP reduces the pool of eIF4E actively involved in translation and preventing eIF4F complex formation. Interplay of these protein-protein interactions is mainly regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated phosphorylation of 4EBP. Upon mitogenic stimuli, mTOR directly phosphorylates the members of the 4E-BP protein family, decreasing their association with eIF4E and, thereby, promoting eIF4E-eIF4G interaction and formation of functional eIF4F complexes10.
Despite the great effort in developing compounds targeting eIF4F complex integrity, the lack of assays measuring direct disruption of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction in live cells has limited the search for cellular active hit compounds. We have applied a luciferase assay based on a coelenterazine analog (e.g., Nanoluc-based complementation assay) to monitor in real time the status of eIF4F integrity through the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction. The luciferase complementation protein system consists of an 18 kDa protein fragment (SubA) and 11 amino acid peptide fragment (SubB) optimized for minimal self-association and stability11.&#160;Once expressed as a fusion product with the human full length eIF4E and the eIF4E interaction domain from human eiF4G1 (aa 604-646), the two interacting proteins will bring the SubA and SubB fragment into close proximity of each other and will induce the formation of the active luciferase that, in presence of a cell permeable substrate, will eventually generate a bright luminescent signal (Figure 1). We have reported elsewhere the construction and validation of the eIF4E:eIF4G604-646 complementation system16.
Here, we describe how the eIF4E:eIF4G604-646 complementation system (available upon request) can be applied to accurately measure 4EBP1-mediated eIF4E-eIF4G disruption in live cells. Additionally, we demonstrate its utility by measuring the effects of several mTOR inhibitors that are currently under clinical trials as potential cancer therapeutic drugs12. Because off-target&#160;effects often mask drug-specific activity, we also describe how the versatility of the eIF4E:eIF4G604-646 system measurement can be extended with orthogonal measurements of cellular viability to take these into account.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>293FT cells</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>R70007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture microplate 96 well, F-Bottom</td>
			<td>greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>655083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell titer Glo 2.0</td>
			<td>PROMEGA</td>
			<td>G9241</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Envision Multilabel Reader</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>not applcable</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Finnpipette F2 Multichannel Pipettes 12-channels 30-300 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4662070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Finnpipette F2 Multichannel Pipettes 12-channels 5-50 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4662050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FUGENE6</td>
			<td>PROMEGA</td>
			<td>E2692</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 3000</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td><a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/L3000015" target="_blank">L3000015</a></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoBiT PPI Starter Systems</td>
			<td>PROMEGA</td>
			<td>N2014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optimem I Reduced Serum Mediun, no phenol red</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11058021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Orbital shaker</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>not appicable</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#947;-Aminophenyl-m7GTP (C10-spacer)-Agarose</td>
			<td>Jena Bioscience</td>
			<td>AC-155S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

monitoring eif4f assembly by measuring eif4e-eif4g interaction in live cells

Formation of the eIF4F complex has been shown to be the key downstream node for the convergence of signalling pathways that often undergo&#160;oncogenic activation in humans. eIF4F is a cap-binding complex involved in the mRNA-ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation. In many cellular and pre-clinical model of cancers, the deregulation of eIF4F leads to increased translation of specific mRNA subsets that are involved in cancer proliferation and survival. eIF4F is a hetero-trimeric complex built from the cap-binding subunit eIF4E, the helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding subunit eIF4G. Critical for the assembly of active eIF4F complexes is the protein-protein interaction between eIF4E and eIF4G proteins. In this article, we describe a protocol to measure eIF4F assembly that monitors the status of eIF4E-eIF4G interaction in live cells. The eIF4e:4G cell-based protein-protein interaction assay also allows drug induced changes in eIF4F complex integrity to be accurately and reliably assessed. We envision that this method can be applied for verifying the activity of commercially available compounds or for further screening of novel compounds or modalities that efficiently disrupt formation of eIF4F complex.

In order to validate the sensitivity of the eIF4E:eIF4G604-646 complementation system, 4EBP1 mediated inhibition of eIF4F complex assembly was assessed by using mTOR inhibitors. By inhibiting mTORC1 kinase dependent phosphorylation of the 4EBP protein family, mTOR inhibition enhances 4EBP1 association to eIF4E and, therefore, eIF4F disassembly15. Two classes of mechanistically different inhibitor of mTOR kinases were tested: rapalogs (e.g., Rapamycin) th...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells at JoVE.com

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Here, we present a protocol to measure eIF4E-eIF4G interaction in live cells that would enable the user to evaluate drug induced perturbation of eIF4F complex dynamics in screening formats.

Formation of the eIF4F complex has been shown to be the key downstream node for the convergence of signalling pathways that often undergo&#160;oncogenic ...

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