Name: isolation and cultivation of mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats
Uploaded: 2020-08-25T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cultivation of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats at JoVE.com

We thank for the assistance of Laboratory for Digitized Stomatology and Research Center for Craniofacial Anomalies of Shanghai Ninth People&#39;s Hospital. The work of this manuscript is supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [81570950,81870740,81800949], Shanghai Summit &#38; Plateau Disciplines, the SHIPM-mu fund from Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People&#39;s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [JC201809], the Incentive Project of High-level Innovation Team for Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. And L.J. is a scholar of the Outstanding Youth Medical Talents, Shanghai &#34;Rising Stars of Medical Talent&#34; Youth Development Program and the &#8220;Chen Xing&#8221; project from Shanghai Jiaotong University.

All animal experimental procedures in this paper were approved by the Animal Care Committee of Shanghai Ninth People&#39;s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
1. Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Use two 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats for the experiment.</li>
	<li>Sterilize all the instruments, including needle holders, tweezers and scissors at high temperature or immersed in 75% ethanol for 10 min. 
	NOTE: Ethanol immersion should not be too long to avoid cell damage.<...

<ol>
	<li>Jin, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+education+for+medical+students+at+Tongji+University:+Primary+cell+culture+and+directional+differentiation+of+rat+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Stem cell education for medical students at Tongji University: Primary cell culture and directional differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. 46 (2), 151-154 (2018).</li><li>Chu, D. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Update+on+the+Progress+of+Isolation,+Culture,+Storage,+and+Clinical+Application+of+Human+Bone+Marrow+Mesenchymal+Stem/Stromal+Cells.">An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (3), 708 (2020).</li><li>Jin, Z., Chen, J., Shu, B., Xiao, Y., Tang, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+mesenchymal+stem+cell+therapy+for+ovariectomized+osteoporotic+rats:+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis.">Bone mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ovariectomized osteoporotic rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis.</a> BMC Musculoskeleton Disorder. 20 (1), 556 (2019).</li><li>Jiang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pluripotency+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+derived+from+adult+marrow.">Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow.</a> Nature. 418 (6893), 41-49 (2002).</li><li>Musina, R. A., Bekchanova, E. S., Belyavskii, A. V., Sukhikh, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+potential+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+of+different+origin.">Differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells of different origin.</a> Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 141 (1), 147-151 (2006).</li><li>Lloyd, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Similarities+and+differences+between+porcine+mandibular+and+limb+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Similarities and differences between porcine mandibular and limb bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Archives in Oral Biology. 77, 1-11 (2017).</li><li>Zhang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+use+of+adipose+tissue-derived+and+bone+marrow-derived+stem+cells+for+rapid+bone+regeneration.">Comparison of the use of adipose tissue-derived and bone marrow-derived stem cells for rapid bone regeneration.</a> Journal of Dental Research. 92 (12), 1136-1141 (2013).</li><li>Stefanik, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Disparate+osteogenic+response+of+mandible+and+iliac+crest+bone+marrow+stromal+cells+to+pamidronate.">Disparate osteogenic response of mandible and iliac crest bone marrow stromal cells to pamidronate.</a> Oral Disorders. 14 (5), 465-471 (2008).</li><li>Aghaloo, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenic+potential+of+mandibular+vs.+long-bone+marrow+stromal+cells.">Osteogenic potential of mandibular vs. long-bone marrow stromal cells.</a> Journal of Dental Research. 89 (11), 1293-1298 (2010).</li><li>Kaigler, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+therapy+for+craniofacial+bone+regeneration:+a+randomized,+controlled+feasibility+trial.">Stem cell therapy for craniofacial bone regeneration: a randomized, controlled feasibility trial.</a> Cell Transplantation. 22 (5), 767-777 (2013).</li><li>Li, C., Wang, F., Zhang, R., Qiao, P., Liu, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+proliferation+and+osteogenic+differentiation+potential+of+rat+mandibular+and+femoral+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+vitro.">Comparison of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of rat mandibular and femoral bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.</a> Stem Cells Development. 2020, 1941629 (2020).</li><li>Matsubara, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alveolar+bone+marrow+as+a+cell+source+for+regenerative+medicine:+differences+between+alveolar+and+iliac+bone+marrow+stromal+cells.">Alveolar bone marrow as a cell source for regenerative medicine: differences between alveolar and iliac bone marrow stromal cells.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 20 (3), 399-409 (2005).</li><li>Chan, C. K. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+the+Human+Skeletal+Stem+Cell.">Identification of the Human Skeletal Stem Cell.</a> Cell. 175 (1), 43-56 (2018).</li><li>Bianco, P., Riminucci, M., Gronthos, S., Robey, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+stromal+stem+cells:+nature,+biology,+and+potential+applications.">Bone marrow stromal stem cells: nature, biology, and potential applications.</a> Stem Cells. 19 (3), 180-192 (2001).</li><li>Franken, N. A., Rodermond, H. M., Stap, J., Haveman, J., van Bree, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonogenic+assay+of+cells+in+vitro.">Clonogenic assay of cells in vitro.</a> Nature Protocol. 1 (5), 2315-2319 (2006).</li><li>Xu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Icariin+prevents+oestrogen+deficiency-induced+alveolar+bone+loss+through+promoting+osteogenesis+via+STAT3.">Icariin prevents oestrogen deficiency-induced alveolar bone loss through promoting osteogenesis via STAT3.</a> Cell Proliferation. 53 (2), 12743 (2020).</li><li>Zhang, P., Wu, Y., Jiang, Z., Jiang, L., Fang, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenic+response+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+to+continuous+mechanical+strain+is+dependent+on+ERK1/2-Runx2+signaling.">Osteogenic response of mesenchymal stem cells to continuous mechanical strain is dependent on ERK1/2-Runx2 signaling.</a> Internation Journal of Molecular Medicine. 29 (6), 1083-1089 (2012).</li><li>Zhu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protocol+for+isolation+and+culture+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+from+mouse+compact+bone.">A protocol for isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells from mouse compact bone.</a> Nature Protocol. 5 (3), 550-560 (2010).</li><li>Lach, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chondrogenic+Differentiation+of+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells+under+Controllable+Serum-Free+Conditions.">Chondrogenic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells under Controllable Serum-Free Conditions.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (11), 2711 (2019).</li><li>Huang, X., Zhong, L., Hendriks, J., Post, J. N., Karperien, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Effects+of+the+WNT-Signaling+Modulators+BIO+and+PKF118-310+on+the+Chondrogenic+Differentiation+of+Human+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells.">The Effects of the WNT-Signaling Modulators BIO and PKF118-310 on the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (2), 561 (2018).</li><li>Gale, A. L., Linardi, R. L., McClung, G., Mammone, R. M., Ortved, K. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+the+Chondrogenic+Differentiation+Potential+of+Equine+Synovial+Membrane-Derived+and+Bone+Marrow-Derived+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells.">Comparison of the Chondrogenic Differentiation Potential of Equine Synovial Membrane-Derived and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.</a> Frontiers in Veterinary Sciences. 6, 178 (2019).</li><li>Li, X., Zhang, Y., Qi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+isolation+methods+and+culture+conditions+for+rat+bone+marrow+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Evaluation of isolation methods and culture conditions for rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Cytotechnology. 65 (3), 323-334 (2013).</li><li>Kagami, H., Agata, H., Tojo, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+marrow+stromal+cells+(bone+marrow-derived+multipotent+mesenchymal+stromal+cells)+for+bone+tissue+engineering:+basic+science+to+clinical+translation.">Bone marrow stromal cells (bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells) for bone tissue engineering: basic science to clinical translation.</a> International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 43 (3), 286-289 (2011).</li><li>Chamberlain, G., Fox, J., Ashton, B., Middleton, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concise+review:+mesenchymal+stem+cells:+their+phenotype,+differentiation+capacity,+immunological+features,+and+potential+for+homing.">Concise review: mesenchymal stem cells: their phenotype, differentiation capacity, immunological features, and potential for homing.</a> Stem Cells. 25 (11), 2739-2749 (2007).</li><li>Abdallah, B. M., Alzahrani, A. M., Abdel-Moneim, A. M., Ditzel, N., Kassem, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+and+reliable+protocol+for+long-term+culture+of+murine+bone+marrow+stromal(mesenchymal)+stem+cells+that+retained+their+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+stemness+in+long-term+culture.">A simple and reliable protocol for long-term culture of murine bone marrow stromal(mesenchymal) stem cells that retained their in vitro and in vivo stemness in long-term culture.</a> Biology Proceedings Online. 21, 3 (2019).</li></ol>

This protocol describes a method to isolate BMSCs from rat mandibles in vitro by combining whole bone marrow adherence and fluorescent cell sorting, which is a simple and reliable way to obtain proliferative mBMSCs with strong differentiation ability. This method could preliminarily purify mBMSCs by flow cell sorting, but if there are higher requirements for cell homogeneity, more precise purification methods may be required.
Currently, there are four main techniques used for isolating mBMSCs,...

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells derived from bone marrow that manifest strong proliferation capability and multi-lineage differentiation potential1,2,3,4. Indeed, BMSCs have been considered as an ideal candidate for bone tissue engineering and regeneration ever since they were discovered. For years, the iliac crest or long bones such as the tibia and femur have been the most common source of BMSCs for craniofacial regeneration. However, orofacial BMSCs, such as mandibular BMSCs (mBMSCs), display some differences from long bone BMSCs, such as different embryonic origin and development pattern. Mandibles arise from neural crest cells of the neuroectoderm germ layer and undergo intramembranous ossification, while axial and appendicular skeletons are from the mesoderm and undergo endochondral ossification. Furthermore, clinical observations and experimental animal studies have consistently indicated that there are functional differences between orofacial and iliac crest BMSCs5,6,7,8. Reports have shown that BMSCs derived from craniofacial bone such as mandible, maxillary bone, and alveolar bone exhibited superior proliferation, life span, and differentiation capability than those from axial and appendicular bones9. mBMSCs, therefore, are considered to be the preferred resources for future therapeutic applications of craniofacial diseases such as cherubism, jaw tumor, osteoporosis of jaw bone, and periodontal tissue defect10,11,12. To understand the treatment potential in preclinical experiments, it is essential to establish a method for rapidly isolating and culturing mBMSCs in vitro.
In this study, the aim was to obtain purified mBMSCs by whole bone marrow adherence and flow cytometry sorting. The anatomical morphology of rat mandible, clearly observed through micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological sections, showed that the trabecular bone of the mandible was between the incisor medullary space and the alveolar bone. The bone marrow from trabecular bone was flushed to obtain mandibular marrow cells, but the cells cultured in this way were not pure mBMSCs and were likely to consist of multiple types of cells with uncertain potencies and diverse lineages such as cells from bone, fat and endothelial cells13,14. The next step of cell purification was particularly important. Flow cytometry filters cells by recognizing a combination of cell-surface proteins and has been widely adopted in the enrichment of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell homogeneity is the main advantage of flow cytometry, but the process does not determine cell viability and can result in a limited cell yield. In this study, the P0 mBMSCs obtained from whole bone marrow adherence were sorted by flow cytometry to obtain mBMSCs with high purity and strong proliferation capacity.
This study introduces a reproducible and reliable protocol for isolation, culture, and differentiation of rat mandibular BMSCs using a combination of whole bone marrow adherence and flow cytometry sorting. It is a reliable and convenient method for researchers in related fields to use.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA&#65288;1X&#65289;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10cm culture dish</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>acutenaculum</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adipogenic differentiation medium</td>
			<td>Cyagen biosciences inc.</td>
			<td>MUBMX-90031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alizarin red</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5533</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline Phosphatase Color Development Kit</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td>C3206</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>alpha-Minimum essential medium</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare HyClone Cell Culture</td>
			<td>SH30265.01B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti -CollagenII Rabbit pAb</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab34712</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibodies against CD16/CD32</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td>P0131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>APC anti-mouse/rat CD29 Antibody</td>
			<td>biolegend inc</td>
			<td>102215</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biosafety cabinet</td>
			<td>Esco</td>
			<td>AC2-4S8-CN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD45 Monoclonal Antibody (OX1), PE, eBioscience</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>12-0461-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD90.1 (Thy-1.1) Monoclonal Antibody (HIS51), FITC, eBioscience</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11-0900-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td>cence</td>
			<td>L500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chondrogenesis differentiation medium</td>
			<td>cyagen biosciences inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal laser scanning microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess II FL Automated Cell Counter</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>AMQAF1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crystal Violet Staining Solution</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td>C0121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare HyClone Cell Culture</td>
			<td>SH30084.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&#38;L (Alexa Fluor 488)</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab150077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Esco</td>
			<td>CCL-170B-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inverted microscope</td>
			<td>olympus</td>
			<td>CKX53</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magzol reagent(Trizol reagent)</td>
			<td>Magen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>micropipettor</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil Red O</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Osteogenic differentiation medium</td>
			<td>cyagen biosciences inc.</td>
			<td>MUBMX-90021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15070063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline&#65288;1X&#65289;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>20012027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PrimeScript RT Master Kit</td>
			<td>TakaRa Bio Inc</td>
			<td>RR036A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6556</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QuickBlock Blocking Buffer</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td>P0260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>scissor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR1 Premix</td>
			<td>TakaRa Bio Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Toluidine Blue</td>
			<td>Beyotime Biotechnology</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15250061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and cultivation of mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats

Here we present an efficient method for isolating and culturing mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in vitro to rapidly obtain numerous high-quality cells for experimental requirements. mBMSCs could be widely used in therapeutic applications as tissue engineering cells in case of craniofacial diseases and cranio-maxillofacial regeneration in the future due to the excellent self-renewal ability and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Therefore, it is important to obtain mBMSCs in large numbers.
In this study, bone marrow was flushed from the mandible and primary mBMSCs were isolated through whole bone marrow adherent cultivation. Furthermore, CD29+CD90+CD45&#8722; mBMSCs were purified through fluorescent cell sorting. The second generation of purified mBMSCs were used for further study and displayed potential in differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Utilizing this in vitro model, one can obtain a high number of proliferative mBMSCs, which may facilitate the study of the biological characteristics, the subsequent reaction to the microenvironment, and other applications of mBMSCs.

Using this protocol, a large proportion of cells adhered to the plate on the third day after the initial culture. Typically, after an additional 3-4 days of culture, the cell confluence reached to 70 to 80% (Figure 1B). With fluorescent cell sorting, DAPI-CD29+CD90+CD45&#8722; mBMSCs were purified18,22, which accounted for about 81.1% in the P0 cells (Figure 1C...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cultivation of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats at JoVE.com

Isolation and Cultivation of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats

This article presents a method that combines whole bone marrow adherence and flow cytometry sorting for isolating, cultivating, sorting, and identifying bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rat mandibles.

Here we present an efficient method for isolating and culturing mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in vitro to rapidly obtain numerous ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human ...

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

The treatment of osteochondral articular defects has been challenging physicians for many years. The better understanding of interactions of articular ...

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are ...

Femoral Bone Marrow Aspiration in Live Mice

Serial sampling of the cellular composition of bone marrow (BM) is a routine procedure critical to clinical hematology. This protocol describes a detailed ...

In Vivo Imaging and Tracking of Technetium-99m Labeled Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Tendinopathy

In Vivo Imaging and Tracking of Technetium-99m Labeled Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Tendinopathy

Recent advances in the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in the horse suggest ...

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor ...

Isolation and Cellular Phenotyping of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Synovial Fluid and Bone Marrow of Minipigs

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been established after isolation from various tissue sources, including bone marrow and synovial fluid. Recently, ...

Isolation and Cultivation of Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes

In an intact heart, adjacent cells influence adult cardiomyocytes. With the method of isolation and cultivation of adult cardiomyocytes, a precise ...

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Enamel defects resulting from environmental conditions and ways of life are public health concerns because of their high prevalence. These defects result ...