Name: isolation of mouse megakaryocyte progenitors
Uploaded: 2021-05-20T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors at JoVE.com

The authors wish to thank Monique Freund, Catherine Ziessel and Ketty for technical assistance. This work was supported by ARMESA (Association de Recherche et D&#233;veloppement en M&#233;decine et Sant&#233; Publique), and by Grant ANR-17-CE14-0001-01 to Henri.de la.Salle.

Protocols involving animals were performed in accordance with the CREMEAS Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the University of Strasbourg (Comit&#233; R&#233;gional d&#39;Ethique en Mati&#232;re d&#39;Exp&#233;rimentation Animale Strasbourg. Permit Number: E67-482-10).
1. Mouse bone collection
<ol>
	<li>Sacrifice the animal in compliance with the institutional guidelines. 
	NOTE: The data presented in this manuscript were obtained from C57Bl/6 mice of 8 to 12 weeks old. Th...

<ol>
	<li>Kaushansky, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Historical+review:+megakaryopoiesis+and+thrombopoiesis.">Historical review: megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.</a> Blood. 111 (3), 981-986 (2008).</li><li>Akashi, K., Traver, D., Miyamoto, T., Weissman, I. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+clonogenic+common+myeloid+progenitor+that+gives+rise+to+all+myeloid+lineages.">A clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloid lineages.</a> Nature. 404 (6774), 193-197 (2000).</li><li>Debili, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+a+bipotent+erythro-megakaryocytic+progenitor+in+human+bone+marrow.">Characterization of a bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic progenitor in human bone marrow.</a> Blood. 88 (4), 1284-1296 (1996).</li><li>Forsberg, E. C., Serwold, T., Kogan, S., Weissman, I. L., Passegu&#233;, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+evidence+supporting+megakaryocyte-erythrocyte+potential+of+flk2/flt3++multipotent+hematopoietic+progenitors.">New evidence supporting megakaryocyte-erythrocyte potential of flk2/flt3+ multipotent hematopoietic progenitors.</a> Cell. 126 (2), 415-426 (2006).</li><li>Vannucchi, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+characterization+of+a+bipotent+(erythroid+and+megakaryocytic)+cell+precursor+from+the+spleen+of+phenylhydrazine-treated+mice.">Identification and characterization of a bipotent (erythroid and megakaryocytic) cell precursor from the spleen of phenylhydrazine-treated mice.</a> Blood. 95 (8), 2559-2568 (2000).</li><li>Pronk, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elucidation+of+the+phenotypic,+functional,+and+molecular+topography+of+a+myeloerythroid+progenitor+cell+hierarchy.">Elucidation of the phenotypic, functional, and molecular topography of a myeloerythroid progenitor cell hierarchy.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 1 (4), 428-442 (2007).</li><li>Nakorn, T. N., Miyamoto, T., Weissman, I. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+mouse+clonogenic+megakaryocyte+progenitors.">Characterization of mouse clonogenic megakaryocyte progenitors.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (1), 205-210 (2003).</li><li>Ng, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+thrombopoietin+(TPO)-responsive+progenitor+cells+in+adult+mouse+bone+marrow+with+in+vivo+megakaryocyte+and+erythroid+potential.">Characterization of thrombopoietin (TPO)-responsive progenitor cells in adult mouse bone marrow with in vivo megakaryocyte and erythroid potential.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (7), 2364-2369 (2012).</li><li>Strassel, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hirudin+and+heparin+enable+efficient+megakaryocyte+differentiation+of+mouse+bone+marrow+progenitors.">Hirudin and heparin enable efficient megakaryocyte differentiation of mouse bone marrow progenitors.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 318 (1), 25-32 (2012).</li><li>Brouard, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+unique+microenvironment+in+the+developing+liver+supports+the+expansion+of+megakaryocyte+progenitors.">A unique microenvironment in the developing liver supports the expansion of megakaryocyte progenitors.</a> Blood Advances. 1 (21), 1854-1866 (2017).</li><li>Boscher, J., Gachet, C., Lanza, F., L&#233;on, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Megakaryocyte+culture+in+3D+methylcellulose-based+hydrogel+to+improve+cell+maturation+and+study+the+impact+of+stiffness+and+confinement.">Megakaryocyte culture in 3D methylcellulose-based hydrogel to improve cell maturation and study the impact of stiffness and confinement.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments:JOVE. , (2021).</li><li>Sanjuan-Pla, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platelet-biased+stem+cells+reside+at+the+apex+of+the+haematopoietic+stem-cell+hierarchy.">Platelet-biased stem cells reside at the apex of the haematopoietic stem-cell hierarchy.</a> Nature. 502 (7470), 232-236 (2013).</li><li>Haas, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation-driven+fast-track+differentiation+of+HSCs+into+the+megakaryocytic+lineage.">Inflammation-driven fast-track differentiation of HSCs into the megakaryocytic lineage.</a> Experimental Hematology. 42 (8), 14 (2014).</li><li>Shin, J. 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The method described in this paper allows for the extraction and purification of mouse MEP and MKp. An important parameter in the optimization of the protocol was to obtain sufficient number of cells that would be compatible with most molecular- and cellular-based assays. The general practice of mouse bone collection for hematopoietic cell extraction usually consists in harvesting both the femurs and tibias of each mouse. The pelvic bone, another source of hematopoietic material, is thus often overlooked. The reasons for...

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/62498">Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors</a>. A figure was updated.
Figure 2 was updated from:
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/62498/62498fig02.jpg" /> 
Figure 2: Magnetic depletion of lineage committed (Lin) cells. (A) Schematic representation of the magnetic depletion protocol. First, unsorted bone marrow cells are labeled with the biotin-conjugated rat anti-mouse antibody cocktail. Cells are then incubated with anti-rat Ig coated magnetic beads and subsequently subjected to the magnetic depletion using a strong magnet. The magnet will retain the labeled magnetic Lin+ fraction against the tube walls, while the unlabeled non-magnetic Lin- negative fraction will be collected in a new tube. (B) Lineage committed cells can be identified using fluorescent conjugated streptavidin. Typical analysis of the lineage expression in cells prior to magnetic depletion (total bone marrow) and after magnetic depletion (Lin- Fraction) N = 21. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/62498/62498fig02large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
to:
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/62498/62498fig2v2.jpg" /> 
Figure 2: Magnetic depletion of lineage committed (Lin) cells. (A) Schematic representation of the magnetic depletion protocol. First, unsorted bone marrow cells are labeled with the biotin-conjugated rat anti-mouse antibody cocktail. Cells are then incubated with anti-rat Ig coated magnetic beads and subsequently subjected to the magnetic depletion using a strong magnet. The magnet will retain the labeled magnetic Lin+ fraction against the tube walls, while the unlabeled non-magnetic Lin- negative fraction will be collected in a new tube. (B) Lineage committed cells can be identified using fluorescent conjugated streptavidin. Typical analysis of the lineage expression in cells prior to magnetic depletion (total bone marrow) and after magnetic depletion (Lin- Fraction) N = 21. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/62498/62498fig2v2large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>

An erratum was issued for:&#160;<a href="https://www.jove.com/t/62498">Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors</a>. A figure was updated.

Erratum: Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors

Blood platelets are produced by megakaryocytes. These large polyploid cells are located in the bone marrow and as for all blood cells they are derived from Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)1. The classical pathway of production of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow originates from HSC and involves the generation of different progenitors that progressively restrict their differentiation potential2. The first progenitor signing the commitment to the megakaryocytic lineage is the Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte Progenitor (MEP), a bipotent progenitor capable of producing both erythroid cells and megakaryocytes3,4,5. The MEP then produces a unipotent progenitor/precursor (MKp) that will differentiate into a mature megakaryocyte capable of producing platelets. The mechanisms involved in the generation of these progenitors, as well as their differentiation and maturation into megakaryocytes are complex and only partially understood. In addition, the heterogeneity of the MEP population in terms of differentiation potential and the intrinsic commitment level of these cells are still unclear. To decipher these processes, it is essential to obtain (or have access to) purified populations of MEP and MKp for fine molecular and single cell analyses.
Several studies have demonstrated particular combinations of cell surface markers for the identification of progenitors committed to the megakaryocytic lineage in the mouse6,7,8. From these a method was devised allowing the purification of MEP and MKp from mice. This method was optimized to obtain cells in adequate number and quality for a large number of assays. With ethical considerations in mind, and in order to minimize the number of animals involved in the experiments, we elicited to harvest the bone marrow from the femur and tibia, and also from the iliac crest. This bone contains a high frequency and number of hematopoietic progenitors and is most of the time damaged during long bone harvesting. Presented here is a detailed method for the reliable collection of this bone.
The second criteria of optimization is to produce highly purified cell populations. Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) is a method of choice in order to obtain purified populations of cells of interest. However, low yields are reached when the cell population of interest is very rare. Enrichment procedures are thus necessary. In this protocol, a negative selection procedure was opted using magnetic beads.

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isolation of mouse megakaryocyte progenitors

Bone marrow megakaryocytes are large polyploid cells that ensure the production of blood platelets. They arise from hematopoietic stem cells through megakaryopoiesis. The final stages of this process are complex and classically involve the bipotent Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte Progenitors (MEP) and the unipotent Megakaryocyte Progenitors (MKp). These populations precede the formation of bona fide megakaryocytes and, as such, their isolation and characterization could allow for the robust and unbiased analysis of megakaryocyte formation. This protocol presents in detail the procedure to collect hematopoietic cells from mouse bone marrow, the enrichment of hematopoietic progenitors through magnetic depletion and finally a cell sorting strategy that yield highly purified MEP and MKp populations. First, bone marrow cells are collected from the femur, the tibia, and also the iliac crest, a bone that contains a high number of hematopoietic progenitors. The use of iliac crest bones drastically increases the total cell number obtained per mouse and thus contributes to a more ethical use of animals. A magnetic lineage depletion was optimized using 450 nm magnetic beads allowing a very efficient cell sorting by flow cytometry. Finally, the protocol presents the labeling and gating strategy for the sorting of the two highly purified megakaryocyte progenitor populations: MEP (Lin-Sca-1-c-Kit+CD16/32-CD150+CD9dim) and MKp (Lin- Sca-1-c-Kit+CD16/32-CD150+CD9bright). This technique is easy to implement and provides enough cellular material to perform i) molecular characterization for a deeper knowledge of their identity and biology, ii) in vitro differentiation assays, that will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of maturation of megakaryocytes, or iii) in vitro models of interaction with their microenvironment.

Phenotypic analysis of the cells identified as MEP and MKp were performed by flow cytometry. Cells were labeled with fluorescence conjugated antibodies to CD41a and CD42c, classical markers of the megakaryocytic and platelet lineages. Both markers were expressed by the cells of the MKp population while these markers are not yet detected at the surface of the cells of the MEP population (Figure 4Ai,4Aii). Polyploidy is a hallmark of megakaryocytes. The DNA content of the sort...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors at JoVE.com

Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors

This method describes the purification by flow cytometry of MEP and MKp from mice femurs, tibias, and pelvic bones.

Bone marrow megakaryocytes are large polyploid cells that ensure the production of blood platelets. They arise from hematopoietic stem cells through ...

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