Name: isolation of conditionally immortalized mouse glomerular endothelial cells with fluorescent mitochondria
Uploaded: 2022-09-13T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Conditionally Immortalized Mouse Glomerular Endothelial Cells with Fluorescent Mitochondria at JoVE.com

The authors thank Professor Cijiang He and Dr. Fu Jia for their insights in mice endothelial cell isolation and thank Professor Mone Zaidi for providing the PhAMexcised mice and valuable discussions. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Microscopy CORE at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and staff for the guidance we received. This work was supported by grants from National Institutes of Health grant R01DK097253 and Department of Defense CDMRP grant E01 W81XWH2010836 to I.S.D.

All animal procedures described here were approved by the IACUC at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. We used three male mice (H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mice with photo-activatable mitochondria [PhAM]) purchased from Jackson lab and kept on a normal chow diet.
1. Working conditions and preparations
<ol>
	<li>Clean the working space inside the laminar flow hood using 70% ethanol and UV-C light.</li>
	<li>Prepare the bead&#39;s washing buffers. Make buffer-1 using 0.1 M sod...

<ol>
	<li>Daehn, I. S., Duffield, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+glomerular+filtration+barrier:+A+structural+target+for+novel+kidney+therapies.">The glomerular filtration barrier: A structural target for novel kidney therapies.</a> Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 20 (10), 770-788 (2021).</li><li>Fu, J., Lee, K., Chuang, P. Y., Liu, Z., He, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+endothelial+cell+injury+and+cross+talk+in+diabetic+kidney+disease.">Glomerular endothelial cell injury and cross talk in diabetic kidney disease.</a> American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 308 (4), 287-297 (2015).</li><li>Lassen, E., Daehn, I. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+in+early+diabetic+kidney+disease:+Glomerular+endothelial+cell+dysfunction.">Molecular mechanisms in early diabetic kidney disease: Glomerular endothelial cell dysfunction.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 21 (24), 9456 (2020).</li><li>Haraldsson, B., Jeansson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+filtration+barrier.">Glomerular filtration barrier.</a> Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension. 18 (4), 331-335 (2009).</li><li>Yilmaz, O., Afsar, B., Ortiz, A., Kanbay, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+endothelial+glycocalyx+in+health+and+disease.">The role of endothelial glycocalyx in health and disease.</a> Clinical Kidney Journal. 12 (5), 611-619 (2019).</li><li>Giacco, F., Brownlee, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+stress+and+diabetic+complications.">Oxidative stress and diabetic complications.</a> Circulation Research. 107 (9), 1058-1070 (2010).</li><li>Daehn, I. 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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+derivation+of+conditionally+immortal+cell+lines+from+an+H-2Kb-+tsA58+transgenic+mouse.">Direct derivation of conditionally immortal cell lines from an H-2Kb- tsA58 transgenic mouse.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (12), 5096-5100 (1991).</li><li>Jat, P. S., Sharp, P. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+conditionally+immortalized+mouse+glomerular+endothelial+cell+lines.">Isolation and characterization of conditionally immortalized mouse glomerular endothelial cell lines.</a> Kidney International. 66 (6), 2193-2201 (2004).</li><li>Pham, A. H., McCaffery, J. M., Chan, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+lines+with+photo-activatable+mitochondria+to+study+mitochondrial+dynamics.">Mouse lines with photo-activatable mitochondria to study mitochondrial dynamics.</a> Genesis. 50 (11), 833-843 (2012).</li><li>Archer, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+dynamics--Mitochondrial+fission+and+fusion+in+human+diseases.">Mitochondrial dynamics--Mitochondrial fission and fusion in human diseases.</a> The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (23), 2236-2251 (2013).</li><li>Casalena, G. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+diabetic+microenvironment+causes+mitochondrial+oxidative+stress+in+glomerular+endothelial+cells+and+pathological+crosstalk+with+podocytes.">The diabetic microenvironment causes mitochondrial oxidative stress in glomerular endothelial cells and pathological crosstalk with podocytes.</a> Cell Communication and Signaling. 18 (1), 105 (2020).</li><li>Qi, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glomerular+endothelial+mitochondrial+dysfunction+is+essential+and+characteristic+of+diabetic+kidney+disease+susceptibility.">Glomerular endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is essential and characteristic of diabetic kidney disease susceptibility.</a> Diabetes. 66 (3), 763-778 (2017).</li><li>Akis, N., Madaio, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation,+culture,+and+characterization+of+endothelial+cells+from+mouse+glomeruli.">Isolation, culture, and characterization of endothelial cells from mouse glomeruli.</a> Kidney International. 65 (6), 2223-2227 (2004).</li><li>Schuler, M. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Miro1-mediated+mitochondrial+positioning+shapes+intracellular+energy+gradients+required+for+cell+migration.">Miro1-mediated mitochondrial positioning shapes intracellular energy gradients required for cell migration.</a> Molecular Biology of the Cell. 28 (16), 2159-2169 (2017).</li><li>Tang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+quality+control+in+kidney+injury+and+repair.">Mitochondrial quality control in kidney injury and repair.</a> Nature Reviews. Nephrology. 17 (5), 299-318 (2020).</li><li>Daniel, R., Mengeta, A., Bilodeau, P., Lee, J. 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Mitochondria are critical for cellular metabolism, homeostasis, and stress responses, and their dysfunction is linked to many diseases, including kidney disease. Mitochondria have a role in the pathologic generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), the regulation of intracellular calcium levels, cell death pathways, and cytoskeletal dynamics21,22,23.
The isolation of murine GECs is challeng...

The glomerulus is critical for blood filtration by restricting the passage of large molecules through the glomerular filtration barrier1,2. The glomerulus contains four cell types: parietal epithelial cells, podocytes (visceral epithelial cells), glomerular endothelial cells (GEC), and mesangial cells3. The glomerular endothelium is characterized by a unique vascular structure, as per the presence of fenestrae required for large filtration volumes4. The apical surface of the glomerular endothelium is covered with a negatively charged glycocalyx layer and a coat called the endothelial surface layer that creates a space between the endothelium and blood. This structure provides high charge selectivity restricting the passage of negatively charged molecules such as albumin and preventing leukocyte and platelet adhesion5.
GECs are very sensitive to metabolic changes, such as the hyperglycemia associated with the diabetic milieu. Indeed, diabetes leads to increased circulation of noxious substances, the saturation of glucose metabolism pathways, and disturbed cellular redox balance3,6. Moreover, the increase in reactive oxygen species induces mitochondrial dysfunction, which affects endothelial function7.
The overall goal of the current protocol is to isolate immortalized glomerular endothelial cells with fluorescent mitochondrial features. Indeed, the cell culture of primary GECs has a limited proliferative cycle and early senescence8. In addition, the presence of fluorescent mitochondria helps examine fission and fusion events in response to hyperglycemia or any other treatment. As an alternative method, other labs used h-TERT to immortalize cells in vitro9.
The method described here allows for the isolation of conditionally immortalized mitoDendra2 glomerular endothelial cells from 4-6-week-old animals (Figure 1). This detailed protocol describes the use of transgenic mice (H-2Kb-tsA58) harboring the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (SV40 TAg) gene10,11 for generating thermolabile conditionally immortalized cells. The tsA58 TAg gene product is functional at the permissive temperature of 33 &#176;C under the control of the inducible 5&#39; flanking promoter of the mouse H-2Kb gene, which is increased above basal levels upon exposure to interferon gamma (IFN&#947;), therefore maintaining the conditional proliferation phenotype12. H-2Kb is rapidly degraded at the non-permissive temperature of 37 &#176;C in the absence of IFN&#947;, removing the immortalizing function of the tsA58Tag in cells and allowing the cells to develop a more differentiated phenotype13,14,15. Optional crossing of H-2Kb-tsA58 transgenic mice with PhAM mice, which express a mitochondria-specific (subunit VIII of cytochrome c oxidase) Dendra2-green, allows the live detection of fluorescent mitochondria16. Dendra2 green fluorescence switches to red fluorescence after exposure to a 405 nm laser16. When mitochondria fuse after photo-switching, they form elongated shapes that appear yellow from the exchange of green and yellow material or appear red when they undergo fission7,17. The mitoDendra2-GECs are a great tool for studying the cellular responses of GEC mitochondria to different stimuli.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>100 &#181;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>22-363-549</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1ml Insulin Syringes</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>329424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25G butterfly</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>367298</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3 mm cutting edge scissors</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>15000-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30ml syringe</td>
			<td>BD Biooscience</td>
			<td>309650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#181;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>22-363-547</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#181;m nylon mesh</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bonn Scissors</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>14184-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP1600-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD31</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab7388</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type I</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>354236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type II</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>C6885</td>
			<td>125CDU/mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagene type IV</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>C5533-5M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dnase-I</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>79254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dynabeads 450</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>endothelial cells growth medium</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>cc-3156</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra fine graefe forceps</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>11150-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100-106</td>
			<td>Heat inactivated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibronectin</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>33016015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine forceps</td>
			<td>F.S.T Dumont</td>
			<td>E6511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>14065-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IFNg</td>
			<td>Cell Science</td>
			<td>CRI001B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Immortomouse</td>
			<td>Jackson laboratory</td>
			<td>32619</td>
			<td>Tg(H2-K1-tsA58)6Kio/LicrmJ</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine 100x</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic particle concentrator</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12320D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mitotracker</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>M7512</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS 1X</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>46-013-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>penecillin streptomycin 100x</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10378016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PhaM mice</td>
			<td>Jackson laboratory</td>
			<td>18397</td>
			<td>B6;129S-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1.1(CAG-COX8A/Dendra2)Dcc/J</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease (10 mg/ml)</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>P6911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>3945</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Pyruvate 100mM</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11360070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard pattern forceps</td>
			<td>&#160;F.S.T</td>
			<td>11000-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Scissors - Sharp-Blunt</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>14008-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>synaptopodin</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-515842</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin 0.05%</td>
			<td>Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25300054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of conditionally immortalized mouse glomerular endothelial cells with fluorescent mitochondria

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) dysfunction can initiate and contribute to glomerular filtration barrier breakdown. Increased mitochondrial oxidative stress has been suggested as a mechanism resulting in GEC dysfunction in the pathogenesis of some glomerular diseases. Historically the isolation of GECs from in vivo models has been notoriously challenging due to difficulties in isolating pure cultures from glomeruli. GECs have complex growth requirements in vitro and a very limited lifespan. Here, we describe the procedure for isolating and culturing conditionally immortalized GECs with fluorescent mitochondria, enabling the tracking of mitochondrial fission and fusion events. GECs were isolated from the kidneys of a double transgenic mouse expressing the thermolabile SV40 TAg (from the Immortomouse), conditionally promoting proliferation and suppressing cell differentiation, and a photo-convertible fluorescent protein (Dendra2) in all mitochondria (from the photo-activatable mitochondria [PhAMexcised] mouse). The stable cell line generated allows for cell differentiation after inactivation of the immortalizing SV40 TAg gene and photo-activation of a subset of mitochondria causing a switch in fluorescence from green to red. The use of mitoDendra2-GECs allows for live imaging of fluorescent mitochondria&#39;s distribution, fusion, and fission events without staining the cells.

In this article, a detailed protocol for the isolation of conditionally immortalized glomerular endothelial cells with stable fluorescent mitochondria (mitoDendra2-GECs) is described (Figure 1). The use of young 6-10-week-old mice is essential to obtain a substantial number of healthy cells. After 3 days of culture, cells start growing slowly from the isolated glomeruli, as shown in Figure 3G. After 7 days, cells are heterogeneous, showing other glomerular cell ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Conditionally Immortalized Mouse Glomerular Endothelial Cells with Fluorescent Mitochondria at JoVE.com

Isolation of Conditionally Immortalized Mouse Glomerular Endothelial Cells with Fluorescent Mitochondria

The article describes the method for isolating conditionally immortalized glomerular endothelial cells from the kidneys of transgenic mice expressing the thermolabile simian virus 40 and photo-activatable mitochondria, PhAMexcised. We describe the procedure for glomeruli isolation from whole kidneys using beads, digestion steps, seeding, and culturing of GECs-CD31 positive.

Glomerular endothelial cell (GEC) dysfunction can initiate and contribute to glomerular filtration barrier breakdown. Increased mitochondrial oxidative ...

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