1. إجراءات الماوس التخدير <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تتم إزالة الحيوانات من القفص ، وضعت في غرفة التخدير قبل العملية التعريفي لتحريض الغاز بنسبة 5 ٪ و 100 isoflurane الأكسجين ٪ ، بمعدل تدفق 0.5 ليتر في الدقيقة الواحدة (المرذاذ للرقابة). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ومخدرا في غرفة الفئران تحريض التخدير ، وإزالتها من غرفة وحلق البطن بطني مع كليبرز الكهربائية ، أو صيانتها داخل غرفة إذا تم استخدام مزيل الشعر الشعر (1min). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> في حين لا يزال تحت التخدير ، ويوزن فيه ، ومشحم العينين مع مرهم عيني عقيم ومن ثم وضعها في recumbancy الظهرية على المياه الدافئة تعميم جهاز التسخين تحت التخدير العام ، مع مخروط الأنف ، وذلك باستخدام isoflurane والاوكسجين. عند هذه النقطة هو خفض معدل الأكسجين إلى 0.2 ليتر في الدقيقة الواحدة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يتم رش البطن بمحلول الكلورهيكسيدين (ثنائي الأسيتات الكلورهكسيدين هو bacterialcidal بسرعة والثابتة) ومسحت مع شاش معقم أو حتى ثلاث مرات في موقع جراحية نظيفة. </li></ol> 2. الفأر الصغير الجراحية وإجراءات الاسترداد <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يتم إجراء شق خط الوسط بطني (2cm) مع مقص القزحية من خلال الجلد وجدار البطن تعريض البطن. ويتم استخدام شاش معقم المالحة 2x2in غارقة لتعكس الأمعاء إلى الجانب الأيسر للحيوان. يتم وضع التصور restrainer الماوس في مكان يسمح للالوريد الأجوف السفلي (IVC). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> عند هذه النقطة ، وتستخدم على مستوى صيانة isoflurance 2 ٪ و 100 ٪ من معدل الأكسجين 0.2 لتر / دقيقة للفترة المتبقية من العملية الجراحية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ومما يسهل تشريح صريحا باستخدام قضيب مسحة معقمة والشوط الاضافي قزحية ملقط الأنسجة الدقيقة المنحنية. يجب توخي الحذر في التعامل مع الأنسجة الماوس لأنها هشة للغاية. عند الدخول في تجويف البطن ، واستخدام المياه المالحة شاش معقم 4x4in غارقة في تفكير وexteriorize الأمعاء في الصعود إلى ثنى معقمة ، وبالتالي السماح للIVC التصور. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وأكتوي جميع فروع IVC الظهر ، من عروق الكلى إلى التشعب الحرقفي ، في حين و تربط فروع جنب مع خيوط 7-0 prolene غير المتفاعلة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يتم فصل IVC من الشريان الأورطي ، السفلي فقط إلى الأوردة الكلوية. يستخدم 7-0 prolene لligate في IVC. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إغلاق موقع البطن بطريقة ثنائية الطبقة. مختبرنا يستخدم vicryl 5-0 ، وخياطة الاصطناعية ، في نمط مستمر لإغلاق جدار البطن. ويستخدم الصمغ اللاصق الجلد لإغلاق الجلد. لا توجد خيوط خارجية من أجل إزالة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> لاحظ ثم يتم استرداد الفئران في قفص الماوس الفردية ، بعد العملية (45 دقيقة الى 2 ساعة) تحت مصباح التدفئة (المسافة - 24 بوصة بعيدا عن الحد الأدنى من القفص) ، ثم عاد إلى وحداتهم السكنية الأصلي. يمكن استخدام المسكنات والأدوية المضادة للالتهابات واذا لم يتعارض مع هدف الدراسة. وهناك حاجة إلى مبرر علمي لحجب عقاقير مضادة للألم ، والطب البيطري ، والموافقة ICUCA. وقد وجدت أن لدينا مختبر البوبرينورفين ، ،05-،1 ملغم / كغم SQ هو مسكن الممتازة قبل وبعد العملية مقابل الفئران. بالإضافة ، يمكن غرست في يدوكائين 4mg/kg (0.4 مل / كغ من محلول 1 ٪) في الموقع عندما شق المسكنات النظامية قد اربكت النتائج التجريبية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> الحيوانات الشام من كل مجموعة تجريبية تخضع للتشريح أعلاه المستخدمة للنهج الجراحية ، ما عدا IVC أو أي من فروع استنزاف لا ligated أو أكتوي. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> يتم تنفيذ القتل الرحيم وفقا للتوصيات التي وضعتها أمريكا البيطرية المبادئ التوجيهية بشأن القتل الرحيم الرابطة الطبية للقوارض. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Naess, I. A., Christiansen, S. C., Romundstad, P., Cannegieter, S. C., Rosendaal, F. R., Hammerstrom, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+and+mortality+of+venous+thrombosis:+a+population-based+study.">Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study.</a> J Thromb Haemost. 5, 692-699 (2007).</li><li>White, R. H., Keenan, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+race+and+ethnicity+on+the+incidence+of+venous+thromboembolism.">Effects of race and ethnicity on the incidence of venous thromboembolism.</a> Thromb Res. 123, S11-S17 (2009).</li><li>Heit, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epidemiology+of+venous+thromboembolism+in+the+community.">The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28, 370-372 (2008).</li><li>Henke, P. K., Varga, A., De, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+vein+thrombosis+resolution+is+modulated+by+monocyte+CXCR2-mediated+activity+in+a+mouse+model.">Deep vein thrombosis resolution is modulated by monocyte CXCR2-mediated activity in a mouse model.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24, 1130-1137 (2004).</li><li>McDonald, A. P., Meier, T. R., Hawley, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+is+associated+with+impaired+thrombus+resolution+in+a+mouse+model+of+stasis+induced+thrombosis.">Aging is associated with impaired thrombus resolution in a mouse model of stasis induced thrombosis.</a> Thromb Res. 125, 72-78 (2010).</li><li>Myers, D., Farris, D., Hawley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectins+influence+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+of+experimental+deep+venous+thrombosis.">Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 108, 212-221 (2002).</li><li>Myers, D. D., Hawley, A. E., Farris, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P-selectin+and+leukocyte+microparticles+are+associated+with+venous+thrombogenesis.">P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis.</a> J Vasc Surg. 38, 1075-1089 (2003).</li><li>Myers, D. D. J. r., Rectenwald, J. E., Bedard, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+venous+thrombosis+with+an+oral+inhibitor+of+P+selectin.">Decreased venous thrombosis with an oral inhibitor of P selectin.</a> J Vasc Surg. 42, 329-336 (2005).</li></ol>

الإعلان عن أي تضارب في المصالح.

لا يمكن أن يؤديها في نموذج الفأر ركود كاملة من الوريد الأجوف السفلي التخثر على سلالات متعددة من الفئران من مختلف الأعمار. هو الأكثر ملاءمة لهذا النموذج من الفئران لا يقل عن 20 غراما في الوزن. هذا نموذج حيواني من التخثر الوريدي يسمح للمحققين لدراسة التفاعلات بين التهاب...

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> اللوازم والمعدات </td></tr><tr><td> Isoflurane الغاز </td></tr><tr><td> Prolene 7-0 خياطة </td></tr><tr><td> Vicryl 5-0 خياطة </td></tr><tr><td> الجلد الغراء </td></tr><tr><td> العين التشحيم </td></tr><tr><td> Nolvasan الحل أو الحل للجراثيم </td></tr><tr><td> Stereomicroscope نطاق </td></tr><tr><td> MediCapture </td></tr><tr><td> القطن القضبان الرفيعة </td></tr><tr><td> 2X2 شاش </td></tr><tr><td> التدفئة الوسادة </td></tr><tr><td> مخدر الآلة </td></tr><tr><td> الزجاج حبة معقمة الأدوات </td></tr><tr><td> الأدوات الجراحية الصغرى </td></tr><tr><td> البطن Restrainers </td></tr></tbody></table>

mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis

الجلطات الدموية الوريدية (VTE) يشمل كلا من خثار الأوردة العميقة (DVT) والانسداد الرئوي (PE). في الولايات المتحدة (الولايات المتحدة) ، وارتفاع معدلات المراضة والوفيات VTE معدلات جعل مشكلة صحية خطيرة 1-2. بعد أمراض القلب والسكتة الدماغية والجلطات هي ثالث الأكثر شيوعا 3 أمراض الأوعية الدموية. في الولايات المتحدة وحدها ، هناك ما يقدر ب 900000 شخص تضرروا من كل عام ، مع 300000 حالة وفاة تحدث سنويا 3. وموثوق بها في نموذج حيواني فيفو لدراسة آليات لهذا المرض هو ضروري. مزايا استخدام النموذج الكامل للركود الماوس تخثر الوريد الأجوف السفلي عدة. الفأر نموذج يسمح لإدارة كميات صغيرة جدا من وكلاء اختبار مدى توافر محدودة ، والحد من التكاليف بشكل كبير. الواعدة وإمكانات مع الفئران بالضربة القاضية جين تسمح مهام محددة تحديدا والتهابات وعامل التخثر. المقايسات الجزيئية الحالية تسمح للالكميات من جدار الوريد ، خثرة الدم كله ، والبلازما لفحوصات. ومع ذلك ، شاغلا رئيسيا تنطوي على هذا النموذج هو حجم القيود المنطوق وتفتيت للسفن. أيضا ، نظرا لوزن عينة صغيرة IVC (يعني 0.005 غراما) من الضروري زيادة أعداد الحيوانات لأغراض التحليل الإحصائي الدقيق للأنسجة ، خثرة ، وفحوصات الدم مثل الوقت الحقيقي بوليميريز سلسلة من ردود الفعل (RT - PCR) والغربية وصمة عار ، انزيم مرتبط المناعي (ELISA) ، الجدار zymography الوريد ، وتحليل خثرة الخلوية ، والدم كله والمقايسات البلازما 4-8. أما العيب الرئيسي مع النموذج الركود هو أن نقص تدفق الدم يحول دون تأثير القصوى من وكلاء تديرها العلاجية الشاملة على الجدار وخثرة الوريد.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis at JoVE.com

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

النموذج الكامل للركود الماوس تخثر الوريد الأجوف السفلي غلة كميات قابلة للقياس الكمي من نسيج جدار الوريد والجلطة. وقد ثبت أنها مفيدة لتقييم التفاعل بين الجدار وخثرة الوريد والانسداد في تقييم التقدم من حاد إلى التهاب مزمن.

الفأرة النموذجي ركود كاملة من الوريد الأجوف السفلي التخثر

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

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18.0K Views.  University of Michigan. النموذج الكامل للركود الماوس تخثر الوريد الأجوف السفلي غلة كميات قابلة للقياس الكمي من نسيج جدار الوريد والجلطة. وقد ثبت أنها مفيدة لتقييم التفاعل بين الجدار وخثرة الوريد والانسداد في تقييم التقدم من حاد إلى التهاب مزمن.

Video: Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

كهربائيا الوريد الأجوف السفلي النموذجي (EIM) من التخثر الوريدي

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

زرع الوريد الأجوف السفلي مداخلة الكسب غير المشروع في نموذج الفأر

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

الحديديك تخثر نموذج الفأر على الشريان السباتي ومساريق السفينة التي يسببها كلوريد

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

تصحيح القسطرة في الشريان الأورطي الجرذ أو الوريد الأجوف السفلي

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

نموذج الفئران من أورثوتوبيك زرع الكبد استخدام تقنية رواية ملامسة مغناطيسي للتعمير الوريد الأجوف سوبراهيباتيك

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, we have translated a vascular injury model from a small animal into a large animal (canine), with slight modifications that can be used for pre-clinical screening of prophylactic and thrombolytic agents. In addition to the surgical methods, the modified protocol describes the step-by-step methods to assess carotid artery canalization by angiography, detailed instructions to process both the brain and carotid artery for histological analysis to verify carotid canalization and cerebral hemorrhage, and specific parameters to complete an assessment of downstream thromboembolic events by utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, specific procedural changes from the previously well-established small animal model necessary to translate into a large animal (canine) vascular injury are discussed.

Here, we present the modifications necessary to a well characterized and commonly used small animal ferric chloride-induced (FeCl3) carotid artery injury model for use in a large animal vascular injury model. The resulting model can be utilized for pre-clinical trial assessment of both prophylactic and thrombolytic pharmacological and mechanical interventions.

تجلط الشريان السباتي الكلاب المستحثة بكلوريد الحديد: نموذج حيوان كبيرة لإصابة الأوعية الدموية

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

متساوي القياس كونتراكتيليتي القياس الشريان المساريقي العلوي الماوس باستخدام أسلاك ميوجرافي

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer&#39;s tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.

A novel approach is presented to induce chronic dry eye disease in rabbits by surgically removing all orbital lacrimal glands. This method, distinct from those previously reported, produces a stable, reproducible model of aqueous deficient dry eye well suited to study tear physiology and pathophysiology and ocular therapeutics.

إنشاء نموذج العين الجافة الشديدة باستخدام استئصال الددريوادادينال الكامل في الأرانب

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in the current clinical practice. With the easy accessibility of transgenic and knockout strains and their small size, which allows minimal doses of drugs required for in vivo evaluation, a well-established experimental model in mice is preferred for AP research. Moreover, SAP induced through sodium taurocholate (TC) is currently one of the most widely used and best characterized models. This model has been investigated for novel therapies and possible molecular events during the process of AP. Here, we present the generation of an AP mouse model using sodium taurocholate and a simple homemade microsyringe. Moreover, we also provide the methodology for the subsequent histology and serological testing.

A mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis is described herein. The procedure presented here is very rapid, simple, and accessible, thereby potentially allowing the study of the molecular mechanisms and different therapeutic interventions in acute pancreatitis in a convenient way.

إنشاء نموذج التهاب البنكرياس الحاد الوخيم للفأر باستخدام الحقن الرجعي لتاوروكولات الصوديوم في القناة الصفراوية البنكرياسية

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a ...

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Over the past several decades, clinicians have incorporated several applications of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into medical decision-making. Among the applications of POCUS, imaging the inferior vena cava (IVC) is practiced by a wide variety of specialties, such as nephrology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, critical care, anesthesiology, pulmonology, and cardiology. Although each specialty uses IVC data in slightly different ways, most medical specialties, at minimum, attempt to use IVC data to make predictions about intravascular volume status. While the relationship between IVC sonographic data and intravascular volume status is complex and highly context-dependent, all clinicians should collect the sonographic data in standardized ways to ensure repeatability. This paper describes standardized IVC image acquisition including patient positioning, transducer selection, probe placement, image optimization, and the pitfalls and limitations of IVC sonographic imaging.&#160;This paper also describes the commonly performed anterior IVC long-axis view and three other views of the IVC that can each provide helpful diagnostic information when the anterior long-axis view is difficult to obtain or interpret.

Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is commonly utilized to identify, among other things, the volume status. Imaging should be performed systematically to ensure repeatability. This manuscript reviews the methods and pitfalls of sonographic IVC examination.