1. עכבר פרוצדורות הרדמה <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> בעלי חיים יוסרו מן הכלוב שלהם והניחו בתא טרום ניתוחית בהרדמה אינדוקציה לזירוז גז 5% isoflurane ו 100% חמצן, בקצב זרימה של 0.5 ליטר לדקה (מאדה מבוקר). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עכברים הם מסומם בחדר אינדוקציה הרדמה, להסיר קאמרית הבטן הגחון הוא מגולח עם קוצץ חשמלי, או לשמור בתוך החדר אם מקריח שיער משמש (1min). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> אמנם עדיין תחת סדציה, הם שקלו, העיניים משומנים עם משחה עיניים סטריליות ואז להציב recumbancy הגב על מים חמים במחזור מכשיר החימום תחת הרדמה כללית, עם חרוט האף, באמצעות isoflurane וחמצן. בשלב זה בשיעור מופחת חמצן 0.2 ליטר לדקה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הבטן הוא ריסס עם פתרון chlorhexidine (diacetate chlorhexidine הוא bacterialcidal במהירות קבועה) וקינח עם גזה סטרילית שלוש פעמים או עד אתר כירורגי נקי. </li></ol> 2. עכבר מיקרו כירורגי ונהלים Recovery <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> חתך קו האמצע הגחוני (2 ס&quot;מ) הוא עשה עם איריס מספריים דרך העור ואת דופן הבטן לחשוף את הבטן. גזה סטרילי מלוחים 2x2in ספוג משמש כדי לשקף את המעיים אל הצד השמאלי של החיה. עוצר העכבר לשים להדמיה מקום המאפשר של נחות הווריד הנבוב (IVC). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> בשלב זה, רמת התחזוקה של isoflurance 2% בשיעור 100% חמצן של 0.2 ליטר / דקה משמש לשארית ההליך הכירורגי. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> דיסקציה בלאנט הוא הקל באמצעות ספוגית המוליך סטרילית עדינה במיוחד איריס מעוקל half מלקחיים רקמות. יש להקפיד בטיפול ברקמות העכבר כי הם שבירים מאוד. עם כניסתו חלל הבטן, להשתמש גזה סטרילי מלוחים 4x4in ספוג לשקף exteriorize את המעיים על וילון סטרילי, ובכך מאפשר הדמיה של IVC. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כל הסניפים בחזרה IVC, מן הוורידים כליות אל הסתעפות הכסל, הם צרוב בעוד סניפים לוואי ligated עם 7-0 לא מגיב התפרים prolene. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> IVC היא להפריד בין אבי העורקים, נחות רק כדי הוורידים כליות. 7-0 prolene משמש ולקשור IVC. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> האתר laparotomy סגור באופן דו שכבה. המעבדה שלנו משתמשת 5-0 vicryl, תפר סינתטיים, דפוס מתמשך כדי לסגור את דופן הבטן. דבק דבק העור משמש כדי לסגור את העור. אין תפרים חיצוניים להסרה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עכברים הם התאוששו אז בכלוב עכבר בודדות, ציין שלאחר הניתוח (45 דקות עד 2 שעות) תחת מנורת חימום (מרחק מינימלי-24 סנטימטרים ספורים כלוב), ואז חזר יחידות דיור המקורי שלהם. משככי כאבים ואנטי דלקתיים יכולים לשמש אם זה לא מפריע מטרת המחקר. ההצדקה המדעית לעכב בתרופות לשיכוך כאבים, וטרינרי, ואישור ICUCA נדרשים. המעבדה שלנו מצא כי עצירות, 0.05-0.1 מ&quot;ג / ק&quot;ג SQ הוא משכך כאבים לפני ואחרי הניתוח מצוין עכברים. בנוסף, לידוקאין ב 4mg/kg (0.4 מ&quot;ל / ק&quot;ג של פתרון 1%) יכול להיות חדורים באתר חתך כאשר משככי כאבים מערכתית עשויה לבלבל תוצאות הניסוי. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> חיות שאם מכל קבוצת הניסוי לעבור את הניתוח לעיל המשמש לגישה ניתוחית, מלבד IVC או כל סניפי ניקוז אינם ligated או צרוב. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> המתת החסד מתבצעת בהתאם להמלצות שנקבעו על ידי הנחיות האיגוד האמריקאי לרפואה וטרינרית על המתת חסד של מכרסמים. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Naess, I. A., Christiansen, S. C., Romundstad, P., Cannegieter, S. C., Rosendaal, F. R., Hammerstrom, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+and+mortality+of+venous+thrombosis:+a+population-based+study.">Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study.</a> J Thromb Haemost. 5, 692-699 (2007).</li><li>White, R. H., Keenan, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+race+and+ethnicity+on+the+incidence+of+venous+thromboembolism.">Effects of race and ethnicity on the incidence of venous thromboembolism.</a> Thromb Res. 123, S11-S17 (2009).</li><li>Heit, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epidemiology+of+venous+thromboembolism+in+the+community.">The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28, 370-372 (2008).</li><li>Henke, P. K., Varga, A., De, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+vein+thrombosis+resolution+is+modulated+by+monocyte+CXCR2-mediated+activity+in+a+mouse+model.">Deep vein thrombosis resolution is modulated by monocyte CXCR2-mediated activity in a mouse model.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24, 1130-1137 (2004).</li><li>McDonald, A. P., Meier, T. R., Hawley, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+is+associated+with+impaired+thrombus+resolution+in+a+mouse+model+of+stasis+induced+thrombosis.">Aging is associated with impaired thrombus resolution in a mouse model of stasis induced thrombosis.</a> Thromb Res. 125, 72-78 (2010).</li><li>Myers, D., Farris, D., Hawley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectins+influence+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+of+experimental+deep+venous+thrombosis.">Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 108, 212-221 (2002).</li><li>Myers, D. D., Hawley, A. E., Farris, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P-selectin+and+leukocyte+microparticles+are+associated+with+venous+thrombogenesis.">P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis.</a> J Vasc Surg. 38, 1075-1089 (2003).</li><li>Myers, D. D. J. r., Rectenwald, J. E., Bedard, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+venous+thrombosis+with+an+oral+inhibitor+of+P+selectin.">Decreased venous thrombosis with an oral inhibitor of P selectin.</a> J Vasc Surg. 42, 329-336 (2005).</li></ol>

אין ניגודי אינטרסים הכריז.

המודל השלם עכבר הקיפאון של פקקת נחותים הווריד הנבוב ניתן לבצע מספר רב של זנים של עכברים בגילים שונים. המודל המתאים ביותר לעכברים של לפחות 20 גרם במשקל. זה מודל חיה של פקקת ורידים מאפשר לחוקרים ללמוד אינטראקציות בין דלקת הווריד הקיר ואת פקיק ורידי occlusive. מניסיוננו, מצאנ?...

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> ספקי ציוד </td></tr><tr><td> Isoflurane גז </td></tr><tr><td> Prolene 7-0 תפר </td></tr><tr><td> Vicryl 5-0 תפר </td></tr><tr><td> עור דבק </td></tr><tr><td> עין סיכה </td></tr><tr><td> Nolvasan פתרון או פתרון bacteriostatic </td></tr><tr><td> Stereomicroscope היקף </td></tr><tr><td> MediCapture </td></tr><tr><td> כותנה Applicators </td></tr><tr><td> 2x2 גזה </td></tr><tr><td> כרית חימום </td></tr><tr><td> מכונת הרדמה </td></tr><tr><td> כלי זכוכית חרוז מעקר </td></tr><tr><td> מכשירי ניתוח מיקרו </td></tr><tr><td> בטן Restrainers </td></tr></tbody></table>

mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis

תרומבואמבוליזם ורידי (VTE) כולל גם פקקת ורידים עמוקה (DVT) ו תסחיף ריאתי (PE). בארצות הברית (ארה&quot;ב), תחלואה ותמותה גבוהה ושיעורי לעשות VTE דאגה בריאותית רצינית 1-2. אחרי מחלות לב ושבץ, VTE הוא 3 third הנפוצים ביותר למחלות כלי הדם. בארה&quot;ב לבדה יש כ 900,000 אנשים מושפעים מדי שנה, עם 300,000 מקרי מוות מתרחשים מדי שנה 3. אמין במודל בבעלי חיים vivo ללמוד את המכניזם של מחלה זו הוא הכרחי. היתרונות של שימוש במודל עכבר קיפאון מוחלט של פקקת הווריד הנבוב נחותים הם מספר. המודל העכבר מאפשר ניהול של כמויות קטנות מאוד של סוכני הבדיקה המוגבלת זמינות, הקטנת עלויות באופן דרמטי. המבטיחים ביותר הוא פוטנציאל עכברים עם גן knockouts המאפשרים פונקציות מסוימות גורם דלקתי קרישה להיות התחום. מבחני מולקולרית נוכחי לאפשר quantitation החומה וריד, דם פקיק, שלם, פלזמה עבור מבחני. עם זאת, החשש העיקרי הכרוך מודל זה הוא אילוצי גודל הניתוח ואת פרירות הכלים. כמו כן, בשל המשקל IVC קטן מדגם (ממוצע 0.005 גרם) יש צורך להגדיל את מספר בעלי החיים לניתוח סטטיסטי מדויק של רקמות, פקיק, מבחני דם כגון תגובה בזמן אמת שרשרת פולימרז (RT-PCR), כתם המערבי, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography וריד קיר וניתוח הסלולר פקיק, ודם כל מבחני פלזמה 4-8. החיסרון העיקרי עם המודל קיפאון זה חוסר זרימת הדם מעכב את האפקט המקסימלי של סוכני טיפולית מערכתית מנוהל על פקיק ועל הקיר וריד.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis at JoVE.com

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

המודל להשלים עכבר קיפאון של פקקת נחות הווריד הנבוב התשואות כמויות מדידים של רקמת עורק בקיר פקיק. זה הוכיח שימושי להערכת אינטראקציות בין הקיר וריד ואת פקיק occlusive והן להערכת התקדמות של דלקת כרונית חריפה.

עכבר דגם השלם הקיפאון של פקקת נחותים הווריד הנבוב

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

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18.0K Views.  University of Michigan. המודל להשלים עכבר קיפאון של פקקת נחות הווריד הנבוב התשואות כמויות מדידים של רקמת עורק בקיר פקיק. זה הוכיח שימושי להערכת אינטראקציות בין הקיר וריד ואת פקיק occlusive והן להערכת התקדמות של דלקת כרונית חריפה.

Video: Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

אלקטרוליטי נחותים הווריד הנבוב Model (EIM) של פקקת ורידים

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

השתלה של וריד נבוב חציצת שתל נחותה בעכבר דגם

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

פקקת עכבר דגם על עורק ראשי וכלי לפדר מושרה כלוריד Ferric

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

תיקון אנגיופלסטיקה בחולדת אב העורקים או נחות Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

מודל עכברוש של Orthotopic השתלת כבד בטכניקה השקה מגנטיים חדשניים עבור שחזור הנבוב Suprahepatic

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Canine Carotid Artery Thrombosis: A Large Animal Model of Vascular Injury

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, we have translated a vascular injury model from a small animal into a large animal (canine), with slight modifications that can be used for pre-clinical screening of prophylactic and thrombolytic agents. In addition to the surgical methods, the modified protocol describes the step-by-step methods to assess carotid artery canalization by angiography, detailed instructions to process both the brain and carotid artery for histological analysis to verify carotid canalization and cerebral hemorrhage, and specific parameters to complete an assessment of downstream thromboembolic events by utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, specific procedural changes from the previously well-established small animal model necessary to translate into a large animal (canine) vascular injury are discussed.

Here, we present the modifications necessary to a well characterized and commonly used small animal ferric chloride-induced (FeCl3) carotid artery injury model for use in a large animal vascular injury model. The resulting model can be utilized for pre-clinical trial assessment of both prophylactic and thrombolytic pharmacological and mechanical interventions.

פקקת הברזל ותחמוצת כלוריד-induced הכלבי העורק הראשי: דגם בעל חיים גדול של פגיעה בכלי הדם

Occlusive arterial thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction contributes to ~13 million deaths every year globally. Here, ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Contractility איזומטרי מדידה של עורק מצע המעי העליון העכבר באמצעות חוט Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer&#39;s tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.

A novel approach is presented to induce chronic dry eye disease in rabbits by surgically removing all orbital lacrimal glands. This method, distinct from those previously reported, produces a stable, reproducible model of aqueous deficient dry eye well suited to study tear physiology and pathophysiology and ocular therapeutics.

הקמת מודל העין יבש קשה באמצעות השלמת דקרייוקטומיה בארנבונים

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in the current clinical practice. With the easy accessibility of transgenic and knockout strains and their small size, which allows minimal doses of drugs required for in vivo evaluation, a well-established experimental model in mice is preferred for AP research. Moreover, SAP induced through sodium taurocholate (TC) is currently one of the most widely used and best characterized models. This model has been investigated for novel therapies and possible molecular events during the process of AP. Here, we present the generation of an AP mouse model using sodium taurocholate and a simple homemade microsyringe. Moreover, we also provide the methodology for the subsequent histology and serological testing.

A mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis is described herein. The procedure presented here is very rapid, simple, and accessible, thereby potentially allowing the study of the molecular mechanisms and different therapeutic interventions in acute pancreatitis in a convenient way.

הקמת מודל דלקת לבלב חריפה חמורה עכבר באמצעות הזרקה מדרדרת של נתרן Taurocholate לתוך צינור ביליופנקראטי

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a ...

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Over the past several decades, clinicians have incorporated several applications of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into medical decision-making. Among the applications of POCUS, imaging the inferior vena cava (IVC) is practiced by a wide variety of specialties, such as nephrology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, critical care, anesthesiology, pulmonology, and cardiology. Although each specialty uses IVC data in slightly different ways, most medical specialties, at minimum, attempt to use IVC data to make predictions about intravascular volume status. While the relationship between IVC sonographic data and intravascular volume status is complex and highly context-dependent, all clinicians should collect the sonographic data in standardized ways to ensure repeatability. This paper describes standardized IVC image acquisition including patient positioning, transducer selection, probe placement, image optimization, and the pitfalls and limitations of IVC sonographic imaging.&#160;This paper also describes the commonly performed anterior IVC long-axis view and three other views of the IVC that can each provide helpful diagnostic information when the anterior long-axis view is difficult to obtain or interpret.

Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is commonly utilized to identify, among other things, the volume status. Imaging should be performed systematically to ensure repeatability. This manuscript reviews the methods and pitfalls of sonographic IVC examination.