1. Procédures d&#39;anesthésie de la souris <ol><li> Les animaux sont retirés de leur cage et placé dans une chambre d&#39;induction anesthésique pré-opératoire pour l&#39;induction de gaz à 5% d&#39;isoflurane et de l&#39;oxygène à 100%, à un débit de 0,5 litres par minute (vaporisateur contrôlée). </li><li> Les souris sont sous sédation dans la chambre de l&#39;induction anesthésique, retiré de la chambre et l&#39;abdomen ventral est rasée avec une tondeuse électrique, ou maintenu dans la chambre si une épilation des cheveux est utilisé (1min). </li><li> Alors qu&#39;il était encore sous sédation, ils sont pesés, les yeux sont lubrifiés avec de la pommade ophtalmique stérile, puis placé dans un décubitus dorsal sur une eau chaude circulant dispositif de chauffage sous anesthésie générale, avec un cône de nez, en utilisant l&#39;isoflurane et de l&#39;oxygène. A ce point du taux d&#39;oxygène est réduit à 0,2 litres par minute. </li><li> L&#39;abdomen est pulvérisé avec une solution de chlorhexidine (diacétate de chlorhexidine est rapidement bacterialcidal et persistante) et essuyé avec une gaze stérile à trois reprises ou jusqu&#39;à ce que le site chirurgical est propre. </li></ol> 2. Souris micro-chirurgicales et les procédures de récupération <ol><li> Une incision médiane ventrale (2cm) est faite avec des ciseaux iris à travers la peau et la paroi abdominale exposer l&#39;abdomen. Un stériles de gaze imbibée salines 2x2in est utilisé pour refléter les intestins à gauche de l&#39;animal. Un dispositif de retenue de la souris est mis en place, permettant la visualisation de la veine cave inférieure (VCI). </li><li> A ce point, un niveau d&#39;entretien des isoflurance 2% et le taux d&#39;oxygène à 100% de 0,2 litres / min est utilisée pour le reste de la procédure chirurgicale. </li><li> Dissection est facilitée à l&#39;aide d&#39;un écouvillon applicateur stérile et extra délicats iris pince moitié tissus courbes. Des précautions doivent être prises dans la manipulation des tissus de souris car elles sont extrêmement fragiles. En entrant dans la cavité abdominale, de façon stérile imprégnée de sérum physiologique 4x4in trempés à réfléchir et à extérioriser les intestins sur un champ stérile, permettant ainsi la visualisation de la VCI. </li><li> Toutes les branches de retour IVC, des veines rénales à la bifurcation iliaque, sont cautérisées tandis que les branches latérales sont ligués avec 7-0 points de suture Prolène non réactif. </li><li> L&#39;IVC est séparée de l&#39;aorte, juste inférieur aux veines rénales. 7-0 prolène est utilisé pour ligaturer la veine cave inférieure. </li><li> Le site est fermé laparotomie dans un mode bi-couche. Notre laboratoire utilise 5-0 Vicryl, une suture synthétique, dans un motif continu de fermer la paroi abdominale. Colle de peau adhésif est utilisé pour fermer la peau. Il n&#39;y a pas sutures externes pour l&#39;enlèvement. </li><li> Les souris sont ensuite récupérés dans une cage de souris individuelle, observée en post-opératoire (45 minutes à 2 heures) sous une lampe chauffante (distance minimum de 24-pouces loin de la cage), puis retournèrent à leurs unités de logement d&#39;origine. Médicaments contre la douleur et les agents anti-inflammatoires peuvent être utilisés si elle n&#39;interfère pas avec l&#39;objectif de l&#39;étude. Justification scientifique à retenir médicaments contre la douleur, vétérinaire, et l&#39;approbation ICUCA sont nécessaires. Notre laboratoire a montré que la buprénorphine, 0,05-0,1 mg / kg SQ est un excellent analgésique pré-et post-opératoire pour les souris. En outre, lidocaïne au 4mg/kg (0,4 ml / kg d&#39;une solution à 1%) peuvent être infusés dans le site d&#39;incision lors analgésiques systémiques peuvent brouiller les résultats expérimentaux. </li><li> Sham animaux de chaque groupe expérimental soumis à la dissection plus, utilisés pour l&#39;approche chirurgicale, sauf la VCI ou les branches de drainage ne sont pas ligaturées ou cautérisée. </li><li> L&#39;euthanasie est effectuée en conformité avec les recommandations énoncées par l&#39;American Veterinary Medical Association Directives sur l&#39;euthanasie pour les rongeurs. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Naess, I. A., Christiansen, S. C., Romundstad, P., Cannegieter, S. C., Rosendaal, F. R., Hammerstrom, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+and+mortality+of+venous+thrombosis:+a+population-based+study.">Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study.</a> J Thromb Haemost. 5, 692-699 (2007).</li><li>White, R. H., Keenan, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+race+and+ethnicity+on+the+incidence+of+venous+thromboembolism.">Effects of race and ethnicity on the incidence of venous thromboembolism.</a> Thromb Res. 123, S11-S17 (2009).</li><li>Heit, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epidemiology+of+venous+thromboembolism+in+the+community.">The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28, 370-372 (2008).</li><li>Henke, P. K., Varga, A., De, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+vein+thrombosis+resolution+is+modulated+by+monocyte+CXCR2-mediated+activity+in+a+mouse+model.">Deep vein thrombosis resolution is modulated by monocyte CXCR2-mediated activity in a mouse model.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24, 1130-1137 (2004).</li><li>McDonald, A. P., Meier, T. R., Hawley, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+is+associated+with+impaired+thrombus+resolution+in+a+mouse+model+of+stasis+induced+thrombosis.">Aging is associated with impaired thrombus resolution in a mouse model of stasis induced thrombosis.</a> Thromb Res. 125, 72-78 (2010).</li><li>Myers, D., Farris, D., Hawley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectins+influence+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+of+experimental+deep+venous+thrombosis.">Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 108, 212-221 (2002).</li><li>Myers, D. D., Hawley, A. E., Farris, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P-selectin+and+leukocyte+microparticles+are+associated+with+venous+thrombogenesis.">P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis.</a> J Vasc Surg. 38, 1075-1089 (2003).</li><li>Myers, D. D. J. r., Rectenwald, J. E., Bedard, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+venous+thrombosis+with+an+oral+inhibitor+of+P+selectin.">Decreased venous thrombosis with an oral inhibitor of P selectin.</a> J Vasc Surg. 42, 329-336 (2005).</li></ol>

Le modèle de souris complète stase de la veine cave inférieure thrombose peut être effectué sur plusieurs souches de souris d&#39;âges différents. Le modèle est le plus adapté à la souris d&#39;au moins 20 grammes en poids. Ce modèle animal de thrombose veineuse permet aux enquêteurs d&#39;étudier les interactions entre les inflammatoire de la paroi veineuse et le thrombus veino-occlusive. De notre expérience, nous avons constaté que plus de 10 animaux par groupe sont nécessaires pour obtenir une signifi...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> Fournitures et équipement </td></tr><tr><td> De gaz isoflurane </td></tr><tr><td> Prolène 7-0 de suture </td></tr><tr><td> Vicryl 5-0 </td></tr><tr><td> Colle de peau </td></tr><tr><td> Eye lubrifiant </td></tr><tr><td> Solution Nolvasan ou une solution bactériostatique </td></tr><tr><td> Champ Stéréomicroscope </td></tr><tr><td> MediCapture </td></tr><tr><td> Les applicateurs de coton </td></tr><tr><td> Gaze 2x2 </td></tr><tr><td> Coussin chauffant </td></tr><tr><td> Appareil d&#39;anesthésie </td></tr><tr><td> Stérilisateur à billes de verre instrument </td></tr><tr><td> Micro instruments chirurgicaux </td></tr><tr><td> Contention abdominale </td></tr></tbody></table>

mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis

La thromboembolie veineuse (TEV) comprend à la fois la thrombose veineuse profonde (TVP) et embolie pulmonaire (EP). Aux Etats-Unis (É.-U.), le taux élevé de morbidité et de mortalité font TEV une sérieuse préoccupation de santé 1-2. Après les maladies cardiaques et accidents vasculaires cérébraux, la TEV est la troisième 3 plus commune des maladies vasculaires. Aux États-Unis seulement, il ya un estimé 900 000 personnes touchées chaque année, avec 300 000 décès survenant chaque année 3. Une fiabilité dans un modèle animal in vivo pour étudier les mécanismes de cette maladie est nécessaire. Les avantages d&#39;utiliser la souris modèle complet stase de la veine cave inférieure thrombose sont multiples. Le modèle de souris permet de l&#39;administration de très petits volumes de tester la disponibilité limitée des agents, réduisant considérablement les coûts. La plus prometteuse est le potentiel de souris avec KO du gène qui permettent les fonctions spécifiques des facteurs inflammatoires et de coagulation à être délimitées. Courant tests moléculaires permettant la quantification de la paroi veineuse, thrombose, le sang total, plasma et pour les dosages. Toutefois, une préoccupation majeure impliquant ce modèle est la taille de contraintes opérationnelles et la friabilité des vaisseaux. En outre, en raison du poids IVC petit échantillon (moyenne 0.005 grammes), il est nécessaire d&#39;augmenter le nombre d&#39;animaux pour l&#39;analyse statistique exacte pour les tissus, thrombus, et des dosages sanguins tels que en temps réel la réaction en chaîne par polymérase (RT-PCR), Western Blot, immuno-enzymatique (ELISA), paroi de la veine zymographie, thrombus et l&#39;analyse cellulaire, et le sang total et des dosages plasmatiques 4-8. L&#39;inconvénient majeur avec le modèle de stase, c&#39;est que le manque de circulation sanguine inhibe l&#39;effet maximal des administrés systémique agents thérapeutiques sur le thrombus et la paroi veineuse.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis at JoVE.com

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

La souris modèle complet stase de la veine cave inférieure thromboses rendements quantités mesurables de tissu paroi veineuse et thrombose. Il s&#39;est avéré utile pour évaluer les interactions entre la paroi de la veine et le thrombus occlusif et à évaluer la progression de l&#39;aiguë de l&#39;inflammation chronique.

Modèle de souris complète stase de la veine cave inférieure thrombose

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

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18.1K vues.  University of Michigan. La souris modèle complet stase de la veine cave inférieure thromboses rendements quantités mesurables de tissu paroi veineuse et thrombose. Il s'est avéré utile pour évaluer les interactions entre la paroi de la veine et le thrombus occlusif et à évaluer la progression de l'aiguë de l'inflammation chronique.

Vidéo: Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

Électrolytique veine cave inférieure Modèle (EIM) de la thrombose veineuse

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

Recherche

Médecine

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

Implantation de veine cave inférieure interposition de greffe en modèle de souris

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the functions of proteins involved in oncogenic progression or help to discover new tumor suppressors. In addition, injecting cancer cells into mice with different genotypes might provide a better understanding of the importance of the stromal compartment. Many models may be useful to investigate certain aspects of disease progression but do not recapitulate the entire cancerous process. In contrast, breast cancer cells engraftment to the mammary fat pad of mice better recapitulates the location of the disease and presence of the proper stromal compartment and therefore better mimics human cancerous disease. In this article, we describe how to implant breast cancer cells into mice orthotopically and explain how to collect tissues to analyse the tumor milieu and metastasis to distant organs. Using this model, many aspects (growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis) of cancer can be investigated simply by providing a proper environment for tumor cells to grow.

Cancer is a complex disease that is influenced by the tissue surrounding the tumor as well as local pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, orthotropic injection models, rather than subcutaneous models may be useful to study cancer progression in a manner that better mimics human pathology.

Injection Orthotopique des cellules du cancer du sein dans le Fat Pad mammaire de souris pour étudier la croissance de la tumeur.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

Chlorure ferrique induite souris thrombose type sur l&#39;artère carotide et Mesentery navire

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

Patch Angioplastie dans le Aorte Rat ou Veine cave inférieure

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Un modèle de Rat de la Orthotopic Transplantation hépatique en utilisant une Technique nouvelle anastomose magnétique pour la Reconstruction de veine sus-hépatique

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Mesure de la contractilité isométrique de l’artère mésentérique de souris à l’aide de fil myographie

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer&#39;s tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.

A novel approach is presented to induce chronic dry eye disease in rabbits by surgically removing all orbital lacrimal glands. This method, distinct from those previously reported, produces a stable, reproducible model of aqueous deficient dry eye well suited to study tear physiology and pathophysiology and ocular therapeutics.

Établissement d'un modèle d'oeil sec grave utilisant la Dacryoadenectomy complète dans des lapins

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in the current clinical practice. With the easy accessibility of transgenic and knockout strains and their small size, which allows minimal doses of drugs required for in vivo evaluation, a well-established experimental model in mice is preferred for AP research. Moreover, SAP induced through sodium taurocholate (TC) is currently one of the most widely used and best characterized models. This model has been investigated for novel therapies and possible molecular events during the process of AP. Here, we present the generation of an AP mouse model using sodium taurocholate and a simple homemade microsyringe. Moreover, we also provide the methodology for the subsequent histology and serological testing.

A mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis is described herein. The procedure presented here is very rapid, simple, and accessible, thereby potentially allowing the study of the molecular mechanisms and different therapeutic interventions in acute pancreatitis in a convenient way.

Établissement d’un modèle de pancréatite aiguë sévère chez la souris par injection rétrograde de taurocholate de sodium dans le canal biliopancréatique

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a ...

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Over the past several decades, clinicians have incorporated several applications of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into medical decision-making. Among the applications of POCUS, imaging the inferior vena cava (IVC) is practiced by a wide variety of specialties, such as nephrology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, critical care, anesthesiology, pulmonology, and cardiology. Although each specialty uses IVC data in slightly different ways, most medical specialties, at minimum, attempt to use IVC data to make predictions about intravascular volume status. While the relationship between IVC sonographic data and intravascular volume status is complex and highly context-dependent, all clinicians should collect the sonographic data in standardized ways to ensure repeatability. This paper describes standardized IVC image acquisition including patient positioning, transducer selection, probe placement, image optimization, and the pitfalls and limitations of IVC sonographic imaging.&#160;This paper also describes the commonly performed anterior IVC long-axis view and three other views of the IVC that can each provide helpful diagnostic information when the anterior long-axis view is difficult to obtain or interpret.

Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is commonly utilized to identify, among other things, the volume status. Imaging should be performed systematically to ensure repeatability. This manuscript reviews the methods and pitfalls of sonographic IVC examination.