1. 마우스 아나스타샤 절차 <ol><li> 동물은 분당 0.5 리터 (기화기 제어)의 유속에서 자신의 케이지에서 제거하고 5% isoflurane과 100 % 산소로 가스 유도를위한 마취 미리 수술 유도 챔버에 배치됩니다. </li><li> 생쥐는 마취 유도 챔버에서 진정 챔버에서 제거하고 머리 depilatory가 (1min) 사용되는 경우 복부 복부는 전기 면도기로 면도, 또는 챔버 내에 유지집니다. </li><li> 아직 진정제를 맞았 는데도, 그들은 무게가 있지만, 내 눈을는 isoflurane과 산소를​​ 사용, 코 콘과 살균 안과 연고와 윤활 후 전신 마취 하에서 가열 장치를 순환 따뜻한 물 등의 recumbancy에 배치됩니다. 이 시점에서 산소 요금은 분당 0.2 리터로 축소됩니다. </li><li> 복부는 chlorhexidine 솔루션을 뿌려놓은 (chlorhexidine의 디아 세 테이트 빠르게 bacterialcidal 및 영구이다) 및 멸균 거즈로 세 번 닦아 또는 외과 사이트 깨끗한까지입니다. </li></ol> 2. 마우스 미세 수술 및 복구 절차 <ol><li> 복부 정중선 절개 (2cm)은 복부를 노출 피부와 복벽을 통해 홍채 가위로 이루어집니다. 멸균 생리 젖었 2x2in의 거즈는 동물의 왼쪽에 장내를 반영하는 데 사용됩니다. 마우스 restrainer는 하부 대정 맥 (IVC)의 장소 있도록 시각화에 들어가게된다. </li><li> 이 시점에서, 2 % 및 0.2 리터 isoflurance / 분 100 % 산소 비율의 유지 보수 수준은 수술의 나머지 부분에 사용됩니다. </li><li> 무딘 절개는 살균 작은 주걱의 면봉과 별도의 섬세한 홍채 절반 곡선 조직 집게를 사용하여 용이합니다. 관리들은 매우되기 위해 마우스 조직 처리로 촬영해야합니다. 복강을 입력시, 따라서 IVC의 시각화를 허용, 살균 드레이프로 창자를 반영하고 외면 화하다에 대한 멸균 생리 젖었 4x4in의 거즈를 사용합니다. </li><li> 사이드 지점이 7-0 반응 prolene의 봉합과 출혈도 잡았하는 동안 신장 혈관에서 장골의의 분기점 모든 IVC 뒤로 지점은, 불로 지졌죠 있습니다. </li><li> IVC는 신장 혈관 단 열등, 대동맥에서 분리됩니다. 7-0 prolene는 IVC를 ligate하는 데 사용됩니다. </li><li> 개복술 사이트는 2 계층 방식으로 닫힙니다. 우리 연구실은 복벽을 닫습니다 지속적인 패턴에 5-0 vicryl, 합성 봉합사를 사용합니다. 접착제 피부 접착제는 피부를 닫습하는 데 사용됩니다. 제거에 대한 외부 봉합이 없습니다. </li><li> 마우스가 다음 각 마우스 케이지에서 발견되며, 가열 램프 (최소 거리 - 24인치 거리 케이지에서)에서 (2 시간 45 분) 후 operatively 관찰 후, 원래의 주택으로 돌아왔습니다. 그것이 연구 목적을 방해하지 않는 경우 진통제 및 안티 - 염증성 에이전트를 사용할 수 있습니다. 과학 고통 약품을 보류 칭의, 동물, 그리고 ICUCA의 승인이 필요합니다. 저희 연구실은 Buprenorphine, 0.05-0.1 MG / kg SQ 쥐를위한 훌륭한 사전 및 사후 수술 진통 것을 발견했습니다. 또한, 4mg/kg (0.4 ML / 1 %의 솔루션의 kg)에 Lidocaine는 체계적인 진통제가 실험 결과를 혼란시킬 수있다 때 절개 사이트에 들어갈 수 있습니다. </li><li> 각 실험 그룹에서 위장 동물 IVC 또는 배수 지점 출혈도 잡았거나 불로 지졌죠하지 제외하고는 수술 접근에 사용되는 위의 절개를 받고있다. </li><li> 안락사는 설치류 동물에 대한 안락사에 미국 베티 의사회 가이드에 명시된 권장 사항에 따라 수행됩니다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Naess, I. A., Christiansen, S. C., Romundstad, P., Cannegieter, S. C., Rosendaal, F. R., Hammerstrom, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Incidence+and+mortality+of+venous+thrombosis:+a+population-based+study.">Incidence and mortality of venous thrombosis: a population-based study.</a> J Thromb Haemost. 5, 692-699 (2007).</li><li>White, R. H., Keenan, C. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+race+and+ethnicity+on+the+incidence+of+venous+thromboembolism.">Effects of race and ethnicity on the incidence of venous thromboembolism.</a> Thromb Res. 123, S11-S17 (2009).</li><li>Heit, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epidemiology+of+venous+thromboembolism+in+the+community.">The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in the community.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28, 370-372 (2008).</li><li>Henke, P. K., Varga, A., De, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+vein+thrombosis+resolution+is+modulated+by+monocyte+CXCR2-mediated+activity+in+a+mouse+model.">Deep vein thrombosis resolution is modulated by monocyte CXCR2-mediated activity in a mouse model.</a> Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 24, 1130-1137 (2004).</li><li>McDonald, A. P., Meier, T. R., Hawley, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aging+is+associated+with+impaired+thrombus+resolution+in+a+mouse+model+of+stasis+induced+thrombosis.">Aging is associated with impaired thrombus resolution in a mouse model of stasis induced thrombosis.</a> Thromb Res. 125, 72-78 (2010).</li><li>Myers, D., Farris, D., Hawley, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selectins+influence+thrombosis+in+a+mouse+model+of+experimental+deep+venous+thrombosis.">Selectins influence thrombosis in a mouse model of experimental deep venous thrombosis.</a> J Surg Res. 108, 212-221 (2002).</li><li>Myers, D. D., Hawley, A. E., Farris, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P-selectin+and+leukocyte+microparticles+are+associated+with+venous+thrombogenesis.">P-selectin and leukocyte microparticles are associated with venous thrombogenesis.</a> J Vasc Surg. 38, 1075-1089 (2003).</li><li>Myers, D. D. J. r., Rectenwald, J. E., Bedard, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decreased+venous+thrombosis+with+an+oral+inhibitor+of+P+selectin.">Decreased venous thrombosis with an oral inhibitor of P selectin.</a> J Vasc Surg. 42, 329-336 (2005).</li></ol>

관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

하부 대정 맥 혈전증의 마우스 완전한 스테이 시스 모델은 다양한 연령의 마우스의 여러 변종을 수행할 수 있습니다. 모델은 대부분의 무게가 최소한 20g의 마우스에 적합합니다. 정맥 혈전증의이 동물 모델은 조사관이 정맥 벽 및 occlusive 정맥 혈전 간의 염증 상호 작용을 공부하실 수 있습니다. 우리의 경험에서, 우리는 그룹 당 10 명 이상 동물이 혈전 무게, 정맥 벽 염증성 세포 카운트, 정맥 벽 ?...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 용품 및 장비 </td></tr><tr><td> Isoflurane 가스 </td></tr><tr><td> Prolene 7-0 봉합사 </td></tr><tr><td> Vicryl 5-0 봉합사 </td></tr><tr><td> 스킨 접착제 </td></tr><tr><td> 아이 윤활유 </td></tr><tr><td> Nolvasan 솔루션 또는 정균 솔루션 </td></tr><tr><td> Stereomicroscope 범위 </td></tr><tr><td> MediCapture </td></tr><tr><td> 커튼 Applicators </td></tr><tr><td> 2x2 거즈 </td></tr><tr><td> 손난로 </td></tr><tr><td> 마취 기계 </td></tr><tr><td> 유리 구슬 악기 살균기 </td></tr><tr><td> 마이크로 수술 악기 </td></tr><tr><td> 복부 Restrainers </td></tr></tbody></table>

mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis

정맥 thromboembolism (VTE)은 깊은 정맥 혈전증 (DVT)과 폐 색전증 (PE) 모두를 포함합니다. 미국 (미국), 높은 병적 상태와 사망률에 요금은 심각한 건강 관심사 1-2 VTE합니다. 심장 질환과 뇌졸중 후 VTE는 세 번째 가장 일반적인 혈관 질환 3. 혼자 미국에서는, 매년 영향을 추정 90만명은 300,000 사망자가 연간 3 발생과 함께있다. 이 질병의 메커니즘을 연구 생체내 동물 모델에서 신뢰성이 필요합니다. 하부 대정 맥 혈전증의 마우스 전체 스태시스 모델을 사용하는 장점은 몇 가지 있습니다. 마우스 모델은 극적으로 비용을 절감, 제한된 가용성 테스트 에이전트의 아주 작은 볼륨 관리를위한 수 있습니다. 대부분의 유망 구체적인 염증과 응고 인자의 기능을 delineated 수 있도록 유전자 knockouts와 마우스에 대한 가능성이 있습니다. 현재 분자 assays은 정맥 벽, 혈전, 전체 혈액 및 assays를위한 플라즈마의 quantitation를위한 수 있습니다. 그러나,이 모델과 관련된 주요 관심사는 수술 크기 제약과 혈관의 취쇄성입니다. 또한, 작은 IVC 샘플 무게 (0.005 g을 의미)로 인해이 같은 실시간 중합 효소의 연쇄 반응 (RT - PCR), 서양 얼룩 같은 동물 조직에 대한 정확한 통계 분석을 위해 숫자, 혈전과 혈액 assays을 높일 필요가 있습니다 효소 링크된 면역 (엘리사), zymography, 정맥 벽 및 혈전 셀룰러 분석하고, 전체 혈액 및 플라즈마 assays 4-8. 스테이시 모델의 주요 단점은 혈액 흐름의 부족은 혈전과 정맥 벽에 관리 체계 치료 대리인의 최대한의 효과를 억제한다는 것입니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis at JoVE.com

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

하부 대정 맥 혈전증의 마우스 전체 스태시스 모델은 정맥 벽 조직 및 혈전의 같지는 금액을 산출. 이것은 정맥 벽과 occlusive 혈전 사이에 만성 염증으로 급성에서 진행을 평가 상호 작용을 평가하기위한 유용한 입증되었습니다.

하부 대정 맥 혈전증의 마우스 완전한 스테이 시스 모델

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

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18.1K 조회수.  University of Michigan. 하부 대정 맥 혈전증의 마우스 전체 스태시스 모델은 정맥 벽 조직 및 혈전의 같지는 금액을 산출. 이것은 정맥 벽과 occlusive 혈전 사이에 만성 염증으로 급성에서 진행을 평가 상호 작용을 평가하기위한 유용한 입증되었습니다.

비디오: Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

정맥 혈전증의 전해 하부 대정 맥 모델 (EIM)

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

연구

의학

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. The long-term clinical results showed excellent patency rates, however, with significant incidence of stenosis. To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vascular neotissue formation and prevent stenosis development in tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), we developed a mouse model of the graft with approximately 1 mm internal diameter. First, the TEVGs were assembled from biodegradable tubular scaffolds fabricated from a polyglycolic acid nonwoven felt mesh coated with &#949;-caprolactone and L-lactide copolymer. The scaffolds were then placed in a lyophilizer, vacuumed for 24 hr, and stored in a desiccator until cell seeding. Second, bone marrow was collected from donor mice and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Third, approximately one million cells were seeded on a scaffold and incubated O/N. Finally, the seeded scaffolds were then implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. The implanted grafts demonstrated excellent patency (&#62;90%) without evidence of thromboembolic complications or aneurysmal formation. This murine model will aid us in understanding and quantifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neotissue formation in the TEVG.

To improve our knowledge of cellular and molecular neotissue formation, a murine model of the TEVG was recently developed. The grafts were implanted as infrarenal vena cava interposition grafts in C57BL/6 mice. This model achieves similar results to those achieved in our clinical investigation, but over a far shortened time-course.

마우스 모델에서 하대 정맥 끼어 이식의 주입

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the functions of proteins involved in oncogenic progression or help to discover new tumor suppressors. In addition, injecting cancer cells into mice with different genotypes might provide a better understanding of the importance of the stromal compartment. Many models may be useful to investigate certain aspects of disease progression but do not recapitulate the entire cancerous process. In contrast, breast cancer cells engraftment to the mammary fat pad of mice better recapitulates the location of the disease and presence of the proper stromal compartment and therefore better mimics human cancerous disease. In this article, we describe how to implant breast cancer cells into mice orthotopically and explain how to collect tissues to analyse the tumor milieu and metastasis to distant organs. Using this model, many aspects (growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis) of cancer can be investigated simply by providing a proper environment for tumor cells to grow.

Cancer is a complex disease that is influenced by the tissue surrounding the tumor as well as local pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, orthotropic injection models, rather than subcutaneous models may be useful to study cancer progression in a manner that better mimics human pathology.

마우스의 유방 지방 패드에 유방암 세포의 소성 주입은 종양의 성장을 연구한다.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the ...

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

철 염화물에 의한 경동맥 및 장간막 용기에 혈전증 마우스 모델

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

쥐 대동맥 또는 하대 정맥에 혈관 성형술 패치

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Orthotopic의 쥐 모델 간 이식 Suprahepatic 베 나 정 맥 재건에 대 한 새로운 자석 문 합 기술을 사용 하 여

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Myography 와이어를 사용 하 여 마우스 Mesenteric 동맥의 isometric 수축 측정

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Establishment of a Severe Dry Eye Model Using Complete Dacryoadenectomy in Rabbits

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic step. Despite advances in our understanding of DED, significant knowledge gaps remain. Advances are limited in part due to the lack of informative animal models. The authors recently reported on a method of DED induced by injecting all orbital lacrimal gland (LG) tissues with the lectin concanavalin A. Here, we report a novel model of aqueous-deficient DED based on the surgical resection of all orbital LG (dacryoadenectomy) tissues. Both methods use rabbits because of their similarity to human eyes in terms of the size and structure of the ocular surface. One week after removal of the nictitating membrane, the orbital superior LG was surgically removed under anesthesia, followed by removal of the palpebral superior LG, and finally removal of the inferior LG. Dacryoadenectomy induced severe DED, evidenced by a marked reduction in the tear break up time test and the Schirmer&#39;s tear test, and significantly increased tear osmolarity and rose bengal staining. Dacryoadenectomy-induced DED lasted at least eight weeks. There were no complications and animals tolerated the procedure well. The technique can be mastered relatively easily by those with adequate surgical experience and appreciation of the relevant rabbit anatomy. Since this model recapitulates the features of human aqueous-deficient DED, it is suitable for studies of ocular surface homeostasis, DED, and candidate therapeutics.

A novel approach is presented to induce chronic dry eye disease in rabbits by surgically removing all orbital lacrimal glands. This method, distinct from those previously reported, produces a stable, reproducible model of aqueous deficient dry eye well suited to study tear physiology and pathophysiology and ocular therapeutics.

토끼의 완전한 다크레오아데네절제술을 이용한 중증 안구건조증 모델 구축

Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex disease with multiple etiologies and variable symptoms, having ocular surface inflammation as its key pathophysiologic ...

Establishment of a Mouse Severe Acute Pancreatitis Model using Retrograde Injection of Sodium Taurocholate into the Biliopancreatic Duct

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a lack of effective treatments in the current clinical practice. With the easy accessibility of transgenic and knockout strains and their small size, which allows minimal doses of drugs required for in vivo evaluation, a well-established experimental model in mice is preferred for AP research. Moreover, SAP induced through sodium taurocholate (TC) is currently one of the most widely used and best characterized models. This model has been investigated for novel therapies and possible molecular events during the process of AP. Here, we present the generation of an AP mouse model using sodium taurocholate and a simple homemade microsyringe. Moreover, we also provide the methodology for the subsequent histology and serological testing.

A mouse model of severe acute pancreatitis is described herein. The procedure presented here is very rapid, simple, and accessible, thereby potentially allowing the study of the molecular mechanisms and different therapeutic interventions in acute pancreatitis in a convenient way.

비리오크크레아티드 덕트에 타우로콜레이트 나트륨의 역행 주입을 사용하여 마우스 심각한 급성 췌장염 모델의 설립

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis (AP), especially severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is increasing in younger age groups annually. However, there is a ...

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

Over the past several decades, clinicians have incorporated several applications of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) into medical decision-making. Among the applications of POCUS, imaging the inferior vena cava (IVC) is practiced by a wide variety of specialties, such as nephrology, emergency medicine, internal medicine, critical care, anesthesiology, pulmonology, and cardiology. Although each specialty uses IVC data in slightly different ways, most medical specialties, at minimum, attempt to use IVC data to make predictions about intravascular volume status. While the relationship between IVC sonographic data and intravascular volume status is complex and highly context-dependent, all clinicians should collect the sonographic data in standardized ways to ensure repeatability. This paper describes standardized IVC image acquisition including patient positioning, transducer selection, probe placement, image optimization, and the pitfalls and limitations of IVC sonographic imaging.&#160;This paper also describes the commonly performed anterior IVC long-axis view and three other views of the IVC that can each provide helpful diagnostic information when the anterior long-axis view is difficult to obtain or interpret.

Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is commonly utilized to identify, among other things, the volume status. Imaging should be performed systematically to ensure repeatability. This manuscript reviews the methods and pitfalls of sonographic IVC examination.